Application method of quassia extract in alleviating the damage of hormone herbicides to rice

Abstract

The invention discloses an application method of extract of Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn., a plant of the family Quassioides, in alleviating the phytotoxicity of hormone herbicides to rice, comprising the following steps: step 1: crushing the Quassioides, passing through a 40-100 mesh sieve, extracting with a solvent and concentrating to obtain a paste extract; step 2: applying the paste extract and a composition thereof to crops. The Quassioides extract of the invention can enhance the tolerance of crops to herbicides to improve the selectivity of herbicides, can be used to prepare herbicide safeners, and can protect crops from the toxicity of herbicides to a certain extent, and improve the selectivity of herbicides by enhancing the tolerance of crops to herbicides, without affecting the sensitivity of target weeds to herbicides.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of natural drug chemistry and pesticides, and in particular to an application method of a Quassima extract in alleviating the damage of hormone herbicides to rice. Background Art

[0002] Chemical weed control is an important symbol of agricultural modernization. However, herbicides are a "double-edged sword" and improper use can easily cause crop damage. The most effective way to solve herbicide damage is to use safeners. Safeners can expand the application range of herbicides. Once the corresponding safeners are found for existing herbicide varieties with low selectivity, their safety issues on some crops can be solved, and they may also become new varieties used in the fields of these crops, thereby extending their service life and avoiding the huge cost of developing new herbicides. Therefore, the development of herbicide safeners is of great significance to agricultural production.

[0003] Currently used safeners are almost all derived from chemical synthesis. Commercialized herbicide safeners include fenthiocarb, fenthiocarb, fenthiocyanate, fenthiocyanate, naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride, etc. The countries that have conducted research mainly include the United States, Switzerland, Germany, Japan, Canada, Russia, Hungary, etc. my country also pays great attention to this topic, but the synthesis and biological activity research of safeners are still in the initial stage. Extracting, separating and purifying monomer substances with detoxification activity from plants, and chemically synthesizing and optimizing the structure of substances with detoxification activity provide an important way for the development of safeners.

[0004] Chemical safeners will inevitably bring new potential environmental pollution risks during the synthesis and use process. Botanical safeners are derived from plants. They have the main properties of chemically synthesized safeners, and at the same time have environmental advantages that chemically synthesized safeners do not have. The development of biological pesticides, including botanical safeners, in my country is one of the effective ways to reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and is also a basic requirement and important guarantee for the development of modern green and organic agricultural production. Therefore, botanical safeners will play an increasingly important role in future green agricultural production, and there is a broad market demand in my country and even around the world. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of the phytotoxicity of hormone herbicides to crops in the prior art, and to propose an application method of Quassinia extract in alleviating the phytotoxicity of hormone herbicides to rice.

[0007] 2. Technical solution

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The method for applying the quassia extract to alleviate the damage of hormone herbicides to rice comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: crush the quassin wood, pass it through a 40-100 mesh sieve, extract it with a solvent and concentrate it to obtain a paste extract;

[0011] Step 2: Apply the paste extract and the composition thereof to crops.

[0012] Preferably, the hormone herbicide includes 2-Methyl-4-chloro-4-pyridinium or its ester or salt form, such as sodium, potassium, dimethylamine salt, isooctyl ester, etc., clofopyralid, clofopyralid, clofopyralid isooctyl ester, clofopyralid-2-butoxy-1-methylethyl ester, triclopyralid, triclopyralid butoxyethyl ester, and combinations thereof.

[0013] Preferably, the Quassima extract is an alcohol, ketone or ester extract of Quassima, and the alcohol includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, acetone and ethyl acetate.

[0014] The present invention also proposes a composition for alleviating the damage of hormonal herbicides to crops, which is a composition A prepared by mixing a Quassia extract with one or more processing acceptable carriers, or a composition B prepared by mixing a Quassia extract with a hormonal herbicide and one or more processing acceptable carriers.

[0015] Preferably, the mass percentage of Quassima extract in the composition is 0.1-99%.

[0016] Preferably, the processing acceptable carrier is selected from one or more of an emulsifier, a dispersant, a wetting agent, a penetrant, a cosolvent, a stabilizer, a synergist and a binder.

[0017] Preferably, the composition can be prepared into emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsions, aqueous suspensions, aqueous emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, soluble granules, water-dispersible granules, suspensions, dispersible oil suspensions, and the like.

[0018] The present invention also proposes the use of the composition in reducing the herbicide damage to crops, wherein the composition A is used for soaking crops, or applied to crops or soil that have been treated with hormone herbicides, or the composition A is combined with hormone herbicides and then applied to crops or soil; or the composition B is directly applied to crops or soil.

[0019] Preferably, the effective safe usage amount of the Quassima extract is 1-4000 g / mu.

[0020] 3. Beneficial effects

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0022] (1) In the present invention, it is found through research that the extract of Quassima can protect crops from the toxicity of herbicides to a certain extent, and improve the selectivity of herbicides by enhancing the tolerance of crops to herbicides without affecting the sensitivity of target weeds to herbicides.

[0023] (2) In the present invention, it is found through research that the ethanol extract of Quassima can reduce the concentration of clofopyralid to a certain extent at a suitable concentration of 1-72 g ai / hm 2 Among them, the ethanol extract of Quassinia had the best protective effect on rice seedlings when the concentration was 50g / L and 200g / L, and the plant height could reach 90.23% and 91.58% of the blank control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a comparative chart of the research on the protective effect of Quassima ethanol extract on the growth of rice seedlings. The order from left to right in the figure is ck, medicine, medicine + Quassima. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0026] Embodiment 1:

[0027] The method for applying the quassia extract to alleviate the damage of hormone herbicides to rice comprises the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: crush the bitterwood, pass it through a 40-100 mesh sieve, extract it with a solvent and concentrate it to obtain a paste extract, the water content of the paste is 10%-85%;

[0029] Step 2: using the paste extract and the composition thereof for crops, wherein the mass percentage of the Quassima extract in the composition is 0.1-99%.

[0030] The hormone herbicides in this embodiment include 2-methyl-4-chloro-4-pyridinium or its ester or salt form (such as sodium, potassium, dimethylamine salt, isooctyl ester, etc.), clofopyralid, clofopyralid, clofopyralid isooctyl ester, clofopyralid-2-butoxy-1-methylethyl ester, triclopyralid, triclopyralid butoxyethyl ester, and combinations thereof.

[0031] In this embodiment, the extract of Quassima is an alcohol, ketone or ester extract of Quassima, and the alcohol includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, acetone and ethyl acetate.

[0032] In this embodiment, a composition for alleviating the damage of hormonal herbicides to crops is provided, which is a composition A prepared by mixing a Quassia extract with one or more acceptable carriers for processing, or a composition B prepared by mixing a Quassia extract with a hormonal herbicide and one or more acceptable carriers for processing.

[0033] In this embodiment, the processing acceptable carrier is selected from one or more of an emulsifier, a dispersant, a wetting agent, a penetrant, a cosolvent, a stabilizer, a synergist and a binder.

[0034] In this embodiment, the composition can be prepared into emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsions, aqueous suspensions, aqueous emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, soluble granules, water-dispersible granules, suspensions, dispersible oil suspensions, etc.

[0035] In this embodiment, the composition is used to reduce the damage of herbicides to crops. Composition A is used for soaking seeds of crops, or applied to crops or soil that have been treated with hormone herbicides, or composition A is combined with hormone herbicides and applied to crops or soil; or composition B is directly applied to crops or soil. The effective safe usage amount of Quassia extract is 1-4000 g / mu.

[0036] In this embodiment, the Quassinum extract is pretreated before use, comprising the following steps: dissolving 1-500 parts of the Quassinum extract in 1-500 parts of an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate or ethanol, adding 10-50,000 parts of water to prepare a mixed solvent, and adding 0.02-5 parts of Tween-80 for dispersion.

[0037] In this embodiment, it is found for the first time that the extract obtained by drying, crushing, sieving, extracting with alcohol substances, and concentrating the roots, stems, or branches of Quassia can protect crops from damage. The Quassia extract and its composition are used for crops to protect the crops from the damage of hormone herbicides, and the extract can be used to prepare herbicide safeners.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] Test results and analysis:

[0040] 1.1 Experimental materials:

[0041] Rice variety tested: Huang Huazhan (Yuan Longping Agricultural Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.)

[0042] Test plant materials: Quassima plant materials. The test materials were cleaned, dried, crushed, sealed in bags, and frozen in a -25℃ refrigerator for later use.

[0043] Main instruments and equipment: ethanol, Tween 20, distilled water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, etc. are all analytical grade (Sinopharm Group Reagent Co., Ltd.)

[0044] Test soil: rice matrix soil.

[0045] 1.2 Experimental methods:

[0046] (1) Extraction of active ingredients from plant materials: Use the shaking extraction method. Weigh the dry plant material on an electronic balance and place it in a conical flask. Add 95% ethanol and stir with a glass rod to dissolve the material in the ethanol. Place it on a shaker (the speed is set to 60r) and shake and extract for 2 hours. Then place the plant material in a funnel and drain it with a glass rod. Filter it with filter paper to speed up the filtration speed. Use a rotary evaporator to concentrate it to a paste, scrape off the extract, wash the distillation flask with anhydrous ethanol several times, and transfer the extract and washing liquid to a volumetric flask together. Make up to the volume with anhydrous ethanol. Prepare a crude anhydrous ethanol extract of 50g / L of Quassia wood and store it in a refrigerator at 4℃ for use.

[0047] (2) Cultivation of rice seedlings: Germination and sowing Pick rice seeds of basically the same size and full, soak them in ethanol extract of Quassia oleifera and place them at room temperature for 24 hours. After soaking, disinfect the seeds with 3% sodium hypochlorite solution for about 20 minutes and wash them with ultrapure water 2-3 times. Lay two layers of filter paper in a culture dish, place the disinfected seeds in it, keep the seeds moist with ultrapure water, seal it with a perforated plastic wrap, and place the culture dish in an artificial intelligence climate box at 27°C and a relative humidity of 85% for germination for 48 hours. During this period, pay attention to adding water to keep the rice seeds moist. Rice seeds of each variety with uniform sprout length were sown in square plastic boxes (13 cm in length, 8 cm in width, and 5 cm in height), each box was filled with 200 g of sieved, air-dried soil that had not been treated with herbicides, the soil moisture was maintained at about 20%, 30 rice seeds were sown evenly in each box, and after sowing, each box was covered with 0.5-1.0 cm of fine soil, and cultured under greenhouse conditions. After the rice seedlings emerged neatly, 15 plants / box were selected for seedling determination, and watering was performed regularly to maintain moisture.

[0048] (3) Experiment on mitigating pesticide damage of Quassia: The method of applying the safety agent first and then the pesticide was adopted. The seeds were soaked and germinated with 50g / L quassia ethanol extract and sown. When the rice grew to the 2-3 leaf stage, the stems and leaves were treated according to the recommended field dosage using the 3WP-2000 walking spray tower developed by the Nanjing Mechanization Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, and a clear water control was set up. Three replicates were used for each treatment, and the cultivation continued under greenhouse conditions after the pesticide was applied. The plant height of rice seedlings was investigated 7d and 15d after the pesticide was applied, and the growth status of rice was observed and the plant height was calculated. Appendix: Selection of four pesticide dosages: 20% clofopyralid emulsifiable concentrate 75ml / mu; 40% 2-methyl clofopyralid emulsifiable concentrate 70ml / mu; 2-methyl 4-chlorodimethylamine salt solution 40ml / mu; triclopyralid butoxyethyl ester 30ml / mu.

[0049] (4) Data processing: Use EXCEL to record the plant height data of each group, the average plant height, and the percentage of plant height relative to CK.

[0050] 2 Results and Analysis:

[0051] In this embodiment, as shown in Table 1, after applying only four pesticides (20% clofopyralid emulsifiable concentrate, 40% 2-methyl clofopyralid emulsifiable concentrate, 2-methyl-4-chlorodimethylamine salt solution and triclopyralid butoxyethyl) for 15 days, rice was obviously injured by pesticides, and the plant height was significantly shortened, accounting for only 53.61%, 57.39%, 69.07% and 49.83% of CK. The plant height of the control group after soaking seeds with quassinus wood was 96.91%, 95.88%, 87.97% and 50.17% compared with CK. It can be seen that soaking seeds with quassinus wood extract can alleviate the above four pesticide injuries, especially the first three pesticide injuries, and triclopyralid butoxyethyl has no obvious effect.

[0052] Table 1 Detoxification effect of Quassima extract on rice damage caused by four pesticides

[0053]

[0054] In this embodiment, according to Figure 1 It was found that under the treatment of pesticide application alone, rice seedlings were short, growth was inhibited, and symptoms such as yellowing and scattered stems and leaves appeared. After adding the ethanol extract of Quassia, these symptoms were restored. Moreover, the growth of rice seedlings treated with 20% clofopyralid EC, 40% 2-methyl clofopyralid EC, and 2-methyl-4-chlorodimethylamine salt solution returned to the control level, and triclopyralid butoxyethyl had no obvious effect.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for using a Quassima extract to alleviate the phytotoxicity of hormone herbicides to rice, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: crush the quassin wood, pass it through a 40-100 mesh sieve, extract it with a solvent and concentrate it to obtain a paste extract; Step 2: applying the paste extract and the composition thereof to crops; The hormone herbicide includes 2-Methyl-4-chloro-4-pyridinium chloride or its ester or salt form, the ester or salt includes sodium, potassium, dimethylamine salt or isooctyl ester, clofopyralid, clofopyralid isooctyl ester, clofopyralid-2-butoxy-1-methylethyl ester, and composite agents thereof. The quassin extract is an alcohol, ketone or ester extract of quassin, and the alcohol includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol.

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