A hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel and its preparation method and use

Abstract

The present invention provides a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel and a preparation method and use thereof. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel can not only melt surface ice by heating, but also reduce the content of interfacial water, control the propagation of ice, achieve the effect of ice control and ice prevention, and finally obtain a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel having the dual performance of reducing the propagation rate of ice and thermal effect. Moreover, the counter ions can be evenly loaded into the ion gel matrix, and the loading amount is controllable. The content of the counter ions can be adjusted according to the use environment of the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel, which is more conducive to achieving the effect of ice control and ice prevention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ion gels, and in particular relates to a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a clean and renewable energy source, wind energy is increasingly valued by countries around the world. Higher air density in cold regions can bring about 10% additional power generation, so wind farms are mostly built in cold regions at high latitudes and altitudes. In winter, due to low temperatures and high air humidity in these regions, wind turbine blades are easily covered with ice. Blade icing changes the blade shape and its aerodynamic performance, seriously affecting the output efficiency of the wind turbine. At the same time, due to the increase in ice coverage, not only does the blade load increase, seriously affecting its mechanical strength, but the imbalance of blade mass distribution will produce asymmetric loads, causing mechanical failures or even shutdowns. Therefore, research on wind turbine blade deicing technology is of great practical significance.

[0003] Electrothermal deicing uses the Joule heating effect caused by electric current passing through a conductive network to prevent the formation of ice, which in turn causes the water droplets or ice on the surface of the substrate to fall off, ultimately achieving the purpose of deicing. At present, ionic liquids or ion gels formed by ionic liquids are mainly used as conductor materials. When alternating current is applied to the conductor material, the alternating current will cause the Joule heating effect when passing through the conductive material, thereby achieving the effect of deicing. However, these ion gels have a single structure and it is difficult to maintain stable performance during the deicing process. They face many limitations in practical applications. Therefore, it is urgent to develop conductive ion gels with stable structures and composite functions. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to improve the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel and its preparation method and use. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel has super hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel contains counterions, which enables the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel to reduce the content of interfacial water, and control the rate of ice propagation by adjusting the content of interfacial water, thereby achieving the effect of ice control and ice prevention. At the same time, the electrothermal deicing ion gel can generate heat in a heated state, achieving the purpose of double deicing and significantly improving deicing efficiency.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel, the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel contains counter ions, and the preparation raw materials of the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include hydrophobic ionic liquid, hydrophobic polymerized monomer and metal salt; wherein the hydrophobic polymerized monomer is selected from acrylate monomers.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel is a solidified product of the preparation raw materials.

[0008] Specifically, the electrothermal deicing ion gel comprises an ion gel matrix formed by solidification of preparation raw materials other than metal salts and counter ions loaded into the ion gel matrix; more specifically, the counter ions are loaded into the ion gel matrix through ion exchange reaction.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the counter ion refers to a metal ion, such as at least one of a sodium ion, a potassium ion, a magnesium ion, etc. The raw materials except the metal salt are first solidified to form an ion gel matrix, and then the ion gel matrix is ​​immersed in a metal salt solution, where an ion exchange reaction occurs, thereby obtaining a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel containing counter ions.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the metal salt is selected from metal chlorides. Exemplarily, the metal salt is selected from at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include the following components in parts by mass:

[0012] 60-80 parts by weight of hydrophobic ionic liquid;

[0013] 20 to 40 parts by weight of hydrophobic polymerizable monomer;

[0014] 10 to 30 parts by mass of metal salt

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include 60 parts by mass, 65 parts by mass, 70 parts by mass, 75 parts by mass or 80 parts by mass of a hydrophobic ionic liquid.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include 20 parts by mass, 25 parts by mass, 30 parts by mass, 35 parts by mass or 40 parts by mass of a hydrophobic polymer monomer.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the electrothermal deicing ion gel include 10 parts by mass, 15 parts by mass, 20 parts by mass, 25 parts by mass or 30 parts by mass of metal salt.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel further include a crosslinking agent and an initiator. Specifically, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel further include the following components in fractions by weight:

[0019] 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of crosslinking agent;

[0020] Initiator 0.1 to 3 parts by mass

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include 0.5 mass parts, 0.8 mass parts, 1 mass parts, 2 mass parts, 3 mass parts, 4 mass parts or 5 mass parts of the cross-linking agent.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include 0.1 mass parts, 0.2 mass parts, 0.5 mass parts, 0.8 mass parts, 1 mass parts, 1.2 mass parts, 1.5 mass parts, 1.8 mass parts, 2 mass parts, 2.2 mass parts, 2.5 mass parts, 2.8 mass parts or 3 mass parts of initiator.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophobic ionic liquid is selected from 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, N-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Salt, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt ([Bmim][Tf2N]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidine trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt ([EmimOH][Tf2N]), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([MMim]PF6), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidine bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, or a combination of at least two thereof.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the acrylic acid ester monomer is selected from at least one of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate and isobornyl methacrylate.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide and the like.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the initiator is selected from at least one of persulfates such as ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel, the method comprising the following steps:

[0028] 1) mixing a hydrophobic ionic liquid and a hydrophobic polymerizable monomer to obtain a precursor solution;

[0029] 2) curing the precursor solution to prepare an ion gel matrix;

[0030] 3) Mixing the ion gel matrix of step 2) with an aqueous solution of a metal salt to prepare the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the precursor solution in step 1) is also mixed with a cross-linking agent and an initiator.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 1), the hydrophobic ionic liquid is defined as above, and the hydrophobic polymerizable monomer is defined as above.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 1), the cross-linking agent is defined as above, and the initiator is defined as above.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 1), the feed ratio of the hydrophobic ionic liquid, the hydrophobic polymerizable monomer, the crosslinking agent and the initiator in the precursor solution is as described above.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 1), the mixing temperature is room temperature, and the mixing time is 1 to 6 hours.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 2), the curing reaction is to perform a first stage curing reaction at 40-60°C for 20-60 minutes, then perform a second stage curing reaction at 25-35°C for 4-10 hours, and finally perform a third stage curing reaction at 70-90°C for 2-6 hours.

[0037] Among them, the first stage curing reaction is a pre-curing reaction. After this operation process, the precursor solution can achieve initial polymerization and maintain a certain conversion rate; the subsequent second stage curing reaction carried out at low temperature can increase the molecular weight of the reaction system; finally, the third stage curing reaction carried out at high temperature can enable the system to achieve a higher degree of curing.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 2), the curing reaction is carried out in a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, for example.

[0039] Exemplarily, the precursor solution is poured into a 40 mm×20 mm×2 mm polytetrafluoroethylene mold, placed in a 50° C. oven for reaction for 30 min, taken out and placed at room temperature for 8 h, and then placed in an 80° C. oven for reaction for 4 h to obtain an ion gel matrix.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 3), the mixing temperature is room temperature, and the mixing time is 0.5 to 5 hours.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 3), the mixing process is, for example, immersing the ion gel matrix in an aqueous solution of a metal salt. During the mixing process, the metal salt and the ion gel matrix undergo an ion exchange reaction to obtain the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel.

[0042] The present invention also provides the use of the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel, which is used in the field of electrothermal deicing.

[0043] The present invention also provides an electrothermal deicing device, which includes the above-mentioned hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel, electrodes and an AC power supply; wherein the electrodes are arranged at both ends of the electrothermal deicing ion gel, and the electrodes are electrically connected to the AC power supply to form a closed loop.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the electrode is selected from graphite, conductive metal or alloys thereof. Exemplarily, the electrode is an aluminum electrode or a copper electrode.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrodes are disposed at both ends of the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel, and assembled into a structure of electrode-hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel-electrode.

[0046] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned electric heating deicing device, comprising the following steps:

[0047] (a) preparing a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel and cutting it into a desired shape, attaching electrodes at both ends to form a tight bond;

[0048] (b) The electrodes are electrically connected to an AC power source to form a closed circuit.

[0049] The present invention also provides a use of the above-mentioned electric heating deicing device, which is used in the field of electric heating deicing.

[0050] The study found that the ice propagation rate is defined as the ratio of the area over which ice spreads to the time it takes. The ice transmission behavior is affected by the diffusion rate of interfacial water. Therefore, the content of interfacial water will affect the ice propagation rate. More interfacial water will lead to a higher ice propagation rate. At the same time, the hydrophilicity of the interfacial surface will also affect the content of interfacial water.

[0051] The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel of the present invention has hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobicity can reduce the content of interfacial water, thereby achieving the effect of regulating the propagation rate of ice. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel of the present invention contains counterions, and the counterions distributed at the solid / water interface can affect the content of interfacial water, thereby achieving the effect of regulating the propagation rate of ice. The hydrophobicity and the counterions can work synergistically to significantly reduce the content of interfacial water, thereby controlling the propagation of ice, thereby achieving the effect of controlling ice and preventing ice. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel has electrical response performance, and under the action of an electric field, a thermal effect will be generated, which can achieve the effect of deicing.

[0052] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0053] The present invention provides a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel and a preparation method and use thereof. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel can not only melt surface ice by heating, but also reduce the content of interfacial water, control the propagation of ice, achieve the effect of ice control and ice prevention, and finally obtain a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel having the dual performance of reducing the propagation rate of ice and thermal effect. Moreover, the counter ions can be evenly loaded into the ion gel matrix, and the loading amount is controllable. The content of the counter ions can be adjusted according to the use environment of the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel, which is more conducive to achieving the effect of ice control and ice prevention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the freezing state of water droplets on the surface of the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel described in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only exemplary descriptions and explanations of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All technologies implemented based on the above content of the present invention are included in the scope that the present invention is intended to protect.

[0056] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods; the reagents, materials, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial channels.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] 30 parts by mass of tert-butyl acrylate monomer (t-BuA) and 70 parts by mass of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt ([BMIm][TFSI]) were mixed and evenly mixed, and then 0.6 parts by mass of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was added at room temperature. After stirring evenly, 1 part by mass of ammonium persulfate (APS) was added to obtain a precursor solution.

[0059] The precursor solution was poured into a 40 mm × 20 mm × 2 mm polytetrafluoroethylene mold, placed in a 50 ° C oven to react for 30 min, taken out and placed at room temperature for 8 h, and then placed in an 80 ° C oven to react for 4 h to obtain an ion gel matrix.

[0060] The prepared ion gel matrix is ​​placed in a 0.5 mol / L sodium chloride solution and soaked for 1 hour to obtain a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel. The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include the following components in mass fractions: 70 mass parts of ionic liquid; 30 mass parts of polymerized monomers; and 10 mass parts of counterions. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel includes an ion gel matrix formed by a solidified material of the preparation raw materials other than sodium chloride and sodium ions loaded in the ion gel matrix through an ion exchange reaction.

[0061] The two ends of the obtained hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel were covered with 40 mm × 10 mm aluminum electrodes to assemble into an electrode-gel-electrode structure, and the assembled electrode-gel-electrode structure was sandwiched between two glass sheets (such as Figure 1 As shown, the upper and lower layers are glass layers, and the middle gray layer is an electrode-gel-electrode structure), put it in a refrigerator and freeze it at -20℃ for 3 hours. After freezing, a layer of ice is attached to the two glass plates, and the glass plates become opaque, and then they are placed at room temperature for deicing tests. When a voltage of 150V is applied for 25s, the glass plates return to their initial transparent state. This shows that under the action of the electric field, the ion gel will produce a thermal effect, which can achieve the effect of deicing.

[0062] Place the hydrophobic electric thermal deicing ion gel on a cold table, adjust the temperature of the cold table to -3℃~-18℃ with a temperature interval of 3℃, drop water on the surface of the hydrophobic electric thermal deicing ion gel, and record the time when the water droplets begin to freeze and completely freeze. It is observed that the water droplets on the surface of the hydrophobic electric thermal deicing ion gel are still spherical, and the time to start freezing is 360s, and the time to completely freeze is 500s.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] 30 parts by mass of tert-butyl acrylate monomer (t-BuA) and 70 parts by mass of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt ([BMIm][TFSI]) were mixed and evenly mixed, and then 0.6 parts by mass of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was added at room temperature. After stirring evenly, 1 part by mass of ammonium persulfate (APS) was added to obtain a precursor solution.

[0065] The precursor solution was poured into a 40 mm × 20 mm × 2 mm polytetrafluoroethylene mold, placed in an oven at 50 °C to react for 30 min, taken out and placed at room temperature for 8 h, and then placed in an oven at 80 °C to react for 4 h to obtain an ion gel.

[0066] The two ends of the obtained ion gel were covered with 40 mm × 10 mm aluminum electrodes to assemble into an electrode-gel-electrode structure, and the assembled electrode-gel-electrode structure was sandwiched between two glass sheets (such as Figure 1 As shown, the upper and lower layers are glass layers, and the middle gray layer is an electrode-gel-electrode structure), put it in a refrigerator and freeze it at -20℃ for 3 hours. After freezing, a layer of ice is attached to the two glass plates, and the glass plates become opaque, and then they are placed at room temperature for deicing tests. When a voltage of 150V is applied for 40s, the glass plates return to their initial transparent state. This shows that under the action of the electric field, the ion gel will produce a thermal effect, which can achieve the effect of deicing.

[0067] The ion gel was placed on a cold table and the temperature of the cold table was adjusted to -3℃~-18℃ with a temperature interval of 3℃. Water drops were dropped on the surface of the ion gel and the time when the water droplets began to freeze and completely froze was recorded. It was observed that the water droplets on the surface of the ion gel were almost wetted and completely frozen in about 60s.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] 30 parts by mass of acrylic acid monomer (AA) and 70 parts by mass of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIm]Br) were mixed and evenly mixed, and then 0.6 parts by mass of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was added at room temperature. After stirring evenly, 1 part by mass of ammonium persulfate (APS) was added to obtain a precursor solution.

[0070] The precursor solution was poured into a 40 mm × 20 mm × 2 mm polytetrafluoroethylene mold, placed in a 50 ° C oven to react for 30 min, taken out and placed at room temperature for 8 h, and then placed in an 80 ° C oven to react for 4 h to obtain an ion gel matrix.

[0071] The prepared ion gel matrix is ​​placed in a 0.5 mol / L sodium chloride solution and soaked for 1 hour to obtain an electrothermal deicing ion gel. The raw materials for preparing the electrothermal deicing ion gel include the following components in mass fractions: 70 mass parts of ionic liquid; 30 mass parts of polymerized monomers; and 10 mass parts of counterions. The electrothermal deicing ion gel includes an ion gel matrix formed by a solidified material of the preparation raw materials except sodium chloride and sodium ions loaded in the ion gel matrix through an ion exchange reaction.

[0072] The two ends of the obtained electrothermal deicing ion gel were covered with 40 mm × 10 mm aluminum electrodes to assemble into an electrode-gel-electrode structure, and the assembled electrode-gel-electrode structure was sandwiched between two glass sheets (such as Figure 1 As shown, the upper and lower layers are glass layers, and the middle gray layer is an electrode-gel-electrode structure), put it in a refrigerator and freeze it at -20℃ for 3 hours. After freezing, a layer of ice is attached to the two glass plates, and the glass plates become opaque, and then they are placed at room temperature for deicing tests. When a voltage of 150V is applied for 27s, the glass plates return to their initial transparent state. This shows that under the action of the electric field, the ion gel will produce a thermal effect, which can achieve the effect of deicing.

[0073] The electrothermal deicing ion gel was placed on a cold table, and the temperature of the cold table was adjusted to -3℃~-18℃ with a temperature interval of 3℃. Water drops were dropped on the surface of the electrothermal deicing ion gel, and the time when the water droplets began to freeze and were completely frozen was recorded. It was observed that the water droplets on the surface of the ion gel were almost wetted, and the water droplets were completely frozen in about 90s.

[0074] By comparing the above-mentioned Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2, it can be known that the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel of the present invention has hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobicity can reduce the content of interfacial water, thereby achieving the effect of regulating the propagation rate of ice. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel of the present invention contains counterions, and the counterions distributed at the solid / water interface can affect the content of interfacial water, thereby achieving the effect of regulating the propagation rate of ice. The hydrophobicity and counterions can work synergistically to significantly reduce the content of interfacial water, thereby controlling the propagation of ice, thereby achieving the effect of controlling ice and preventing ice.

[0075] In summary, the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel can not only melt surface ice by heating, but also reduce the content of interfacial water, control the spread of ice, and achieve the effect of ice control and ice prevention, and finally obtain a hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel with the dual properties of reducing the ice propagation rate and thermal effect.

[0076] The above is an explanation of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel, wherein: The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel contains counter ions, and the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include hydrophobic ionic liquid, hydrophobic polymerized monomer and metal salt; wherein the hydrophobic polymerized monomer is selected from acrylic acid ester monomers; The electrothermal deicing ion gel comprises an ion gel matrix formed by solidification of preparation raw materials other than metal salts and counter ions formed by loading the metal salts into the ion gel matrix.

2. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to claim 1, wherein: The counter ion refers to a metal ion, at least one of a sodium ion, a potassium ion, and a magnesium ion.

3. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to claim 1, wherein: The counter ions are loaded into the ion gel matrix through an ion exchange reaction.

4. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to claim 1, wherein: The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel include the following components in parts by mass: 60-80 parts by weight of hydrophobic ionic liquid; 20-40 parts by weight of hydrophobic polymerizable monomer; 10 to 30 parts by weight of metal salt. 5 . The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to claim 1 , wherein the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel further include a cross-linking agent and an initiator.

6. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to claim 5, wherein: The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel also include the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts by weight of cross-linking agent; Initiator 0.1~3 parts by mass 7. The hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The metal salt is selected from metal chlorides; And / or, the hydrophobic ionic liquid is selected from 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide any one of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][Tf2N]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidine trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([MMim]PF6), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidine bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; or a combination of at least two thereof; And / or, the acrylic acid ester monomer is selected from at least one of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate and isobornyl methacrylate.

8. A method for preparing the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising the following steps: 1) mixing a hydrophobic ionic liquid and a hydrophobic polymerizable monomer to obtain a precursor solution; 2) curing the precursor solution to prepare an ion gel matrix; 3) Mixing the ion gel matrix of step 2) with an aqueous solution of a metal salt to prepare the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein: The precursor solution in step 1) is also mixed with a cross-linking agent and an initiator; And / or, in step 2), the curing reaction is to carry out a first-stage curing reaction at 40-60°C for 20-60 min, then to carry out a second-stage curing reaction at 25-35°C for 4-10 h, and finally to carry out a third-stage curing reaction at 70-90°C for 2-6 h; And / or, in step 3), the mixing process is to immerse the ion gel matrix in an aqueous solution of a metal salt; during the mixing process, an ion exchange reaction occurs between the metal salt and the ion gel matrix to obtain the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel.

10. Use of the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in the field of electrothermal deicing.

11. An electrothermal deicing device, comprising the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, an electrode and an AC power supply; wherein: The electrodes are arranged at two ends of the electrothermal deicing ion gel, and the electrodes are electrically connected to the AC power source to form a closed loop.

12. The electric heating deicing device according to claim 11, wherein: The electrodes are arranged at both ends of the hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel and assembled into a structure of electrode-hydrophobic electrothermal deicing ion gel-electrode.

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