A controller IO signal multiplexing fan device

Abstract

This invention discloses a wind turbine device with multiplexed controller I / O signals, mainly comprising hardware circuitry and software control strategies. The hardware includes an SCI serial communication circuit based on an STM32 microcontroller, a speed / frequency signal / status output circuit, and an external analog / PWM speed control signal input circuit. The software strategy primarily determines the controller's operating mode based on specific voltage values ​​within different power-on time intervals, including external analog control, a fast communication mode with the host computer, and a slow communication mode with the host computer. This invention eliminates the cumbersome process of opening the wind turbine casing and damaging the internal thermal conductive adhesive required for maintenance of the field wind turbine controller. It utilizes only two control lines to achieve wind turbine speed control and speed signal / status feedback acquisition, while also allowing switching to serial communication between the host computer and the controller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a wind turbine device that is easy to maintain, and more particularly to a wind turbine device that multiplexes controller I / O signals. Background Technology

[0002] For fan equipment installed on radar for heat dissipation, some wiring is led out from the equipment for ease of installation and maintenance, facilitating debugging during installation and maintenance. In addition to the standard positive and negative power lines, two more lines are usually led out: one for fan speed control and one for speed signal / status feedback. However, for equipment reliability and electromagnetic compatibility considerations, the communication serial port line with the host computer is generally not connected. Furthermore, for heat dissipation of the fan equipment's internal controller, the controller is encapsulated with thermally conductive adhesive, completely covering it. Therefore, when the fan equipment is operating in the field and needs to be connected to the host computer for maintenance, the equipment must first be disassembled, the casing removed, the thermally conductive adhesive pried off with tools, and then the communication line soldered from the controller to establish communication between the host and host computers. This entire process is not only extremely cumbersome, but the disassembly and assembly are also uncontrolled, lacking process documentation, and potentially leading to controller damage and other uncontrollable factors. Therefore, in order for the wind turbine equipment to operate normally and reliably, and for the equipment to be conveniently, quickly and reliably maintained in the field, a single-line multiplexing technology is needed for the speed control and feedback function and the serial communication function between the upper and lower computers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: To address the above problems, this invention proposes a wind turbine device that multiplexes controller I / O signals, solving the problem of inconvenience during field maintenance of current wind turbine devices. It enables the two speed control and speed feedback lines of the wind turbine device to be used as SCI serial communication transceiver lines for upper and lower computers, thus avoiding the previous operations such as unpacking and soldering wires during wind turbine maintenance.

[0004] Technical Solution: The technical solution adopted in this invention is a fan device with controller I / O signal multiplexing, including a microcontroller, a speed / frequency signal / status output circuit, and an external analog / PWM speed control signal input circuit. The speed / frequency signal / status output circuit includes several resistors and a transistor V1. The serial communication transmitter of the microcontroller and a general-purpose port serve as two input terminals of the speed / frequency signal / status output circuit. The two input terminals are connected to the base of transistor V1 through a base current limiting resistor R3 after passing through a port protection resistor. One end of a fourth resistor R4 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the base of transistor V1. One end of a sixth resistor R6 is connected to the collector of transistor V1, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6... The circuit includes a pull-up power supply at one end, a fifth resistor R5 connected at one end to the collector of transistor V1, and the other end serving as the external output speed / status signal line. The external analog / PWM speed control signal input circuit includes several resistors and a transistor V2. One end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the base of transistor V2, and the other end serves as the external input speed control signal line. One end of the eighth resistor R8 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the base of transistor V2. One end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the pull-up power supply, and the other end is connected to the collector of transistor V2. Two signal lines are led out from the collector of transistor V2 and connected to the serial communication receiver and timer pulse capture input of the microcontroller respectively through a port protection resistor.

[0005] The microcontroller uses an STM32 series microcontroller, the serial communication function uses SCI asynchronous serial communication, and the timer pulse capture uses the TIM3 general-purpose timer pulse input capture function; the general-purpose port uses the push-pull output function of a common GPIO port.

[0006] The microcontroller is powered on undervoltage. After a power-on waiting time t, the power supply voltage is adjusted to the rated voltage. Depending on the range of time t, the microcontroller enters different working modes.

[0007] The operating modes include: an external analog control mode, in which the microcontroller's serial communication function is disabled, the ports related to serial transmission and reception are set to a high-impedance state, and the speed control and signal feedback functions are enabled, with the corresponding ports being enabled; and a host computer communication mode, in which the controller's serial communication function is enabled, the serial communication transceiver ports are enabled, the speed control and signal feedback functions are disabled, and the corresponding ports are set to a high-impedance state. The host computer communication mode also includes high-speed and low-speed communication modes, and the communication baud rate is adjustable.

[0008] Both transistors V1 and V2 are NPN type transistors.

[0009] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: 1. It eliminates the cumbersome process of opening the fan casing and damaging the internal thermal conductive adhesive when maintaining the field fan controller; 2. It can achieve fan speed control and speed signal / status feedback acquisition using only two control lines, and can also switch to serial communication between the host computer and the controller. This reduces the number of lead wires in the fan equipment, improving its reliability and maintainability; 3. Switching the fan controller's operating mode only requires changing the power-on voltage, without the need for an additional switching control switch, increasing the ease of use of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the hardware improvement part of the wind turbine equipment with controller I / O signal multiplexing as described in this invention;

[0011] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the control strategy for the software improvement portion of the wind turbine equipment with controller I / O signal multiplexing as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0013] The circuit diagram of the hardware improvement part of the wind turbine equipment with controller I / O signal multiplexing described in this invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes an STM32 microcontroller, a speed / frequency signal / status output circuit, and an external analog / PWM speed control signal input circuit. The STM32 microcontroller, through its software, switches between three different operating modes based on different power-on voltage sequences.

[0014] The speed frequency signal / status output circuit includes: first resistor R1, second resistor R2, third resistor R3, fourth resistor R4, first transistor V1, fifth resistor R5, and sixth resistor R6; the external analog / PWM speed control signal input circuit includes: seventh resistor R7, eighth resistor R8, ninth resistor R9, tenth resistor R10, eleventh resistor R11, and second transistor V2.

[0015] One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the PB6 port of the STM32F103 microcontroller. One end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the PA11 port of the STM32F103 microcontroller. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the other end of resistor R2, and this point is also connected to one end of the third resistor R3. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to pin 1 (base) of the first transistor V1. One end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to pin 1 (base) of transistor V1, and the other end of resistor R4 is connected to pin 2 (emitter) of transistor V1. One end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to pin 3 (collector) of transistor V1, and the other end of resistor R6 is connected to the pull-up power supply. One end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to pin 3 (collector) of transistor V1, and the other end is connected to the external output speed / status signal line.

[0016] One end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the external input speed control signal line, and the other end is connected to pin 1 (base) of transistor V2. One end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to pin 1 (base) of transistor V2, and the other end is connected to pin 2 (emitter) of transistor V2. One end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the pull-up power supply, and the other end is connected to pin 3 (collector) of transistor V2. One end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to pin 3 (collector) of transistor V2, and the other end is connected to port PB5 of the STM32F103 microcontroller. One end of the eleventh resistor is connected to pin 3 (collector) of transistor V2, and the other end is connected to port PB7 of the STM32F103 microcontroller.

[0017] The STM32F103 microcontroller circuitry primarily utilizes four GPIO ports: SCIRXD and SCITXD, internally remapped to the SCI serial communication function; a pulse capture input port internally remapped to the general-purpose timer TIM3; and one general-purpose GPIO port. Its peripheral functions mainly utilize SCI asynchronous serial communication, TIM3 general-purpose timer pulse input capture, and push-pull output functionality of the ordinary GPIO port.

[0018] The external analog / PWM speed control signal input circuit is a switching signal input circuit built with an NPN transistor V2. This circuit can input the frequency signal with varying high and low levels from the external input to the STM32F103 microcontroller through the collector of the switching transistor. The amplitude of the high-level signal after conversion is determined by the pull-up voltage of the power rail of transistor V2. Therefore, this circuit mainly serves as a level converter and also protects the STM32 microcontroller. The external speed control input signal is connected to the base of transistor V2 through the seventh current-limiting resistor R7. The seventh current-limiting resistor R7 mainly limits the current at the base of the transistor. The input signal level is not limited by the withstand voltage of the STM32 microcontroller's GPIO port, thus providing some flexibility in the configuration of the external interface. The eighth resistor R8 connects the base and emitter of transistor V2, mainly serving as a pull-down resistor for the switching transistor's drive. The ninth resistor R9 is pulled up to the 3.3V power rail through the collector of transistor V2. This power rail is compatible with the operating voltage of digital circuits. The collector of transistor V2 is divided into two paths, which, after passing through the port protection resistors R10 and R11, are connected to the STM32's serial port receiver (SCIRXD) and the timer TIM3 input capture terminal (SPDCMD). The high and low voltage levels of the transistor V2 collector can be identified as data frames (in the upper / lower computer communication mode) or as a PWM wave with a certain pulse width and frequency (in the speed control mode), depending on the controller's operating mode.

[0019] The speed / frequency signal / status output circuit is a switching signal output circuit built using an NPN transistor V1. This circuit outputs the frequency signal from the STM32F103 microcontroller to the external speed / frequency signal / status signal interface through the collector of the switching transistor. The high level of the output signal is determined by the pull-up power rail voltage amplitude of V1. Therefore, this circuit can perform level conversion and also protect the STM32 microcontroller. The serial port transmitter SCITXD and the general-purpose GPIO output SPDOUT of the STM32F103 microcontroller are connected to the base of transistor V1 through two port protection resistors, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, respectively. The third resistor R3 then connects to the base of transistor V1. The fourth resistor R4 connects the base and emitter of transistor V1, acting as a pull-down resistor for the switching transistor driver. The sixth resistor R6 pulls up to the external output power rail through the collector of transistor V1. This power supply voltage can be adjusted according to the compatibility with external circuits and is not limited by the output voltage capability of the STM32F103.

[0020] The control strategy block diagram of the software improvement part of the wind turbine equipment with controller I / O signal multiplexing described in this invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown:

[0021] When the fan is powered on undervoltage (<10V), the controller's state machine enters a power-on waiting process. Then, a software counter starts counting until the controller voltage is changed, causing the fan controller to exit the power-on waiting state. At this point, the software counter stops counting. Based on the value of this counter, the time the fan controller spends waiting for power-on can be determined. Depending on the time interval in which this waiting period occurs, the controller enters different operating modes, as follows:

[0022] t < 2s: The controller enters the external analog control mode. The controller's SCI serial communication function is disabled, and the GPIO ports related to serial transmission and reception are set to high impedance. Speed ​​control and signal feedback functions are enabled, and the corresponding GPIO ports are enabled.

[0023] 2s≤t<5s: The controller enters high-speed host computer communication mode. The controller's SCI serial port function is enabled, the baud rate is set to 115200bps, and the GPIO ports related to serial port transmission and reception are enabled. Speed ​​control and signal feedback functions are disabled, and the corresponding GPIO ports are set to high impedance.

[0024] 5s ≤ t < 8s: The controller enters low-speed host computer communication mode. The controller's SCI serial port function is enabled, the baud rate is set to 9600bps, and the GPIO ports related to serial port transmission and reception are enabled. Speed ​​control and signal feedback functions are disabled, and the corresponding GPIO ports are set to high impedance.

[0025] 8s≤t: The controller enters the external analog control mode. The controller's SCI serial communication function is disabled, and the GPIO ports related to serial transmission and reception are set to high impedance. Speed ​​control and signal feedback functions are enabled, and the corresponding GPIO ports are enabled.

[0026] When the controller powers on undervoltage (<10V), the AD peripheral of the STM32F103 main control chip will detect a power supply voltage of <10V. Based on this condition, the main program will remain in a power-on wait state, and the counter variable will count at a frequency of 1ms. When the power supply voltage is changed to the rated voltage, the STM32F103 AD peripheral will detect a power supply voltage value >10V, the main program will exit the power-on wait state, and the counter variable will stop counting.

[0027] If the count value is within the range of 0 to 2000, the main program will set the controller to enter the external analog control mode. In this mode, the main program will disable the SCI peripheral function and set the associated SCITXD and SCIRXD ports to a high-impedance state. The main program will enable the input capture function of the general-purpose timer TIM3 and enable the corresponding GPIO ports for speed control and signal feedback. Figure 1 When the speed control line inputs a high-low toggling frequency signal, the collector of transistor V2 also outputs a high-low toggling frequency signal. Since the SCIRXD port is set to high impedance at this time, this frequency signal is unaffected. Simultaneously, because the SCI peripheral function of the STM32F103 controller is disabled, the frequency signal on the SCIRXD port is not internally responded to. Meanwhile, because the input capture function of the general-purpose timer TIM3 is enabled, the frequency signal on the SPDCMD port is responded to. Based on different frequency values, the software receives different speed control commands, thus outputting the corresponding speed. At the same time, the STM32F103 controller outputs a high-low toggling frequency signal through the SPDOUT port according to the actual fan speed. Since SCITXD is already in a high impedance state, it has no effect on this signal. Therefore, the collector of transistor V1 also outputs a high-low toggling frequency signal, the frequency of which reflects the current fan speed.

[0028] If the count value is within the range of 2000 to 5000, the main program will set the controller to enter the high-speed host computer communication mode. In this mode, the main program will enable the SCI peripheral function, set the baud rate to 115200bps, and enable the associated SCITXD and SCIRXD ports. The main program will disable the input capture function of the general-purpose timer TIM3, and also disable the corresponding GPIO ports for speed control and signal feedback. Figure 1 When the speed control line inputs a frequency signal that toggles between high and low levels, the collector of transistor V2 will also output a frequency signal that toggles between high and low levels. Since the SPDCMD port is set to a high-impedance state at this time, this frequency signal is unaffected. Simultaneously, because the general-purpose timer TIM3 peripheral function inside the STM32F103 controller is disabled, the frequency signal on the SPDCMD port will not be responded to. However, since the SCI peripheral function is enabled, the frequency signal on the SCIRXD port will be responded to. Based on the data frame composed of actual high and low (1, 0) levels, the software will receive the command value from the host computer and respond accordingly. At the same time, the STM32F103 controller will upload its current status and parameter values, outputting a high-low level toggling data frame signal through the SCITXD port, thus the collector of transistor V1 will also output a high-low level toggling data frame signal. Since SPDOUT is already in a high-impedance state, it will not affect this signal.

[0029] If the count value is within the range of 5000 to 8000, the main program will set the controller to enter the low-speed host computer communication mode. In this mode, the main program will enable the SCI peripheral function, set the baud rate to 9600bps, and enable the associated SCITXD and SCIRXD ports. The main program will disable the input capture function of the general-purpose timer TIM3, and also disable the corresponding GPIO ports for speed control and signal feedback. Figure 1 When the speed control line inputs a frequency signal that toggles between high and low levels, the collector of transistor V2 will also output a frequency signal that toggles between high and low levels. Since the SPDCMD port is set to a high-impedance state at this time, this frequency signal is unaffected. Simultaneously, because the general-purpose timer TIM3 peripheral function inside the STM32F103 controller is disabled, the frequency signal on the SPDCMD port will not be responded to. However, since the SCI peripheral function is enabled, the frequency signal on the SCIRXD port will be responded to. Based on the data frame composed of actual high and low (1, 0) levels, the software will receive the command value from the host computer and respond accordingly. At the same time, the STM32F103 controller will upload its current status and parameter values, outputting a high-low level toggling data frame signal through the SCITXD port, thus the collector of transistor V1 will also output a high-low level toggling data frame signal. Since SPDOUT is already in a high-impedance state, it will not affect this signal.

Claims

1. A fan apparatus with controller IO signal multiplexing, characterized by: The circuit includes a microcontroller, a speed / frequency signal / status output circuit, and an external analog / PWM speed control signal input circuit. The speed / frequency signal / status output circuit includes several resistors and a transistor V1. The microcontroller's serial communication transmitter and a general-purpose port serve as two input terminals of the speed / frequency signal / status output circuit. These two input terminals are connected to the base of transistor V1 via a base limiting current resistor R3 after passing through a port protection resistor. One end of a fourth resistor R4 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the base of transistor V1. One end of a sixth resistor R6 is connected to the collector of transistor V1, and the other end is connected to a pull-up power supply. One end of a fifth resistor R5... The collector of transistor V1 is connected to the transistor V2, and the other end serves as the external output speed / status signal line. The external analog / PWM speed control signal input circuit includes several resistors and transistor V2. One end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the base of transistor V2, and the other end of the seventh resistor R7 serves as the external input speed control signal line. One end of the eighth resistor R8 is grounded, and the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the base of transistor V2. One end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the pull-up power supply, and the other end is connected to the collector of transistor V2. Two signal lines are led out from the collector of transistor V2 and connected to the serial communication receiver and the timer pulse capture input of the microcontroller respectively through the port protection resistor.

2. The fan equipment for multiplexing controller I / O signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller uses an STM32 series microcontroller, the serial communication function uses SCI asynchronous serial communication, and the timer pulse capture uses the TIM3 general-purpose timer pulse input capture function; the general-purpose port uses the push-pull output function of a common GPIO port.

3. The fan equipment for multiplexing controller I / O signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller is powered on undervoltage. After a power-on waiting time t, the power supply voltage is adjusted to the rated voltage. Depending on the range of time t, the microcontroller enters different working modes.

4. The fan equipment for multiplexing controller I / O signals according to claim 3, characterized in that: The operating modes include: external analog quantity control mode, in which the microcontroller's serial communication function is disabled, the ports related to serial port transmission and reception are set to high impedance, the speed control and signal feedback functions are enabled, and the corresponding ports are enabled; and host computer communication mode, in which the controller's serial communication function is enabled, the serial communication transmission and reception ports are enabled, the speed control and signal feedback functions are disabled, and the corresponding ports are set to high impedance.

5. The fan equipment for multiplexing controller I / O signals according to claim 4, characterized in that: The host computer communication mode also includes high-speed and low-speed communication modes, and the communication baud rate is adjustable.

6. The fan equipment for multiplexing controller I / O signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both transistors V1 and V2 are NPN type transistors.

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