A self-heating straw decomposing agent and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural preparations, and specifically relates to a self-heating straw decomposition agent and its preparation method and application. The present invention strengthens the multi-component decomposition ability of functional microorganisms through solid-state fermentation of multi-stage decomposition microorganisms and highly stable modified straw materials, solves the problem of easy inactivation of functional microorganisms and poor environmental adaptability; by adding a micro-domain heating starter B, on the basis of enhancing the contact surface between straw and bacterial agent, a composting process is constructed to accelerate the rapid reproduction of carbohydrate-protein decomposition microorganisms, form a local warming environment, promote the decomposition of cellulose / hemicellulose decomposition bacteria to straw, and induce and strengthen the activity of indigenous microorganisms; at the same time, the material after straw decomposition can provide a carbon source for carbohydrate-protein decomposition microorganisms, form a continuous internal circulation reaction, accelerate the decomposition of straw, break through the technical bottleneck of poor colonization ability, weak activity at low temperature, and slow decomposition of straw of existing similar straw decomposition bacterial agents, and have important application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural preparations, and in particular relates to a self-heating straw decomposing agent and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rice is an important food crop. In the past 20 years, my country's rice planting area and yield have steadily increased. However, in recent decades, due to improper use of land, especially black soil, my country's rice fields have experienced a serious decline in soil fertility, causing the soil layer to become thinner, thinner and harder.

[0003] Returning rice straw to the field is an effective measure to improve soil fertility, and this technical field emphasizes the promotion of straw resource utilization and the clear and systematic promotion of straw crushing and returning to the field. However, the current rate of returning rice straw to the field in my country is still less than 30%, especially in cold and cool areas where the temperature is low. The slow decomposition of straw is the main reason for the difficulty in returning straw to the field. Insufficient straw decomposition often leads to problems such as straw floating, harmful gas production, and frequent pests and diseases during the rice planting season, which is not conducive to agricultural production and also causes harm to the environment. In order to solve the problem of slow straw decomposition in cold and cool areas, microbial agents that degrade straw are often inoculated to accelerate straw decomposition. In the actual implementation process, the competitiveness of exogenously inoculated microorganisms is weaker than that of indigenous microorganisms, resulting in poor straw decomposition.

[0004] There are also a lot of related studies on straw decomposition and straw decomposing agents in the prior art. For example, Chinese invention patent 202111247533.6 discloses a method for returning the full amount of straw to the field using a decomposing agent. The method is to use a straw crusher to crush the straw after mechanical corn harvesting, evenly distribute it on the surface, and then spread granular straw decomposing agents on the straw or spray liquid decomposing agents. The advantage of this method is that a decomposing agent containing low-temperature-resistant bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and active enzymes is spread or sprayed on the straw, which accelerates the decomposition of the straw. However, after applying the decomposing agent, it still takes 250 days for the straw to fully decompose. Chinese invention patent 201710360866.7 discloses a biological agent for promoting the decomposition of rice straw and a preparation method thereof. The composition of the biological agent includes a composite bacterial agent, nutrients, a soluble carrier and a trace element chelate. The use of this microbial agent accelerates the decomposition of rice straw, but the effect of this microbial agent is obtained in the laboratory, and its ability to promote decomposition under low temperature conditions in the field is unknown. Chinese invention patent 201810384385.4 discloses a fermentation microbial agent for promoting rapid decomposition of straw and its use method. The main components of the fermentation microbial agent are potassium humate, highly active biological bacteria, fermentation promoter and suspending agent. The microbial agent significantly increased the decomposition of corn straw, but the test was carried out during the high temperature period in summer. However, rice in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China is often harvested in mid-to-late October, and it is unknown whether this microbial agent can promote the decomposition of rice straw at low temperatures. Chinese invention patent 202011048557.4 discloses a decomposition agent for promoting the in-situ return of crop straw to the field and its application, and the decomposition agent contains Penicillium, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus, yeast, cornmeal and zinc sulfate. The decomposition agent converts organic matter in the straw into organic matter and quick-acting nutrients, thereby increasing the nutrient content of the soil. However, the use time of the composting agent is 5 days before rice transplanting, and the rice root system may be damaged during the straw decomposition process. Chinese invention patent 202110608317.3 discloses a low-temperature-activated straw rapid composting agent and its preparation, and the composting agent contains kaolin, sawdust, rice bran, wheat bran, a wetting agent and a premixed composting agent. The premixed composting agent mainly includes a low-temperature reactor and a strong degradation bacterial group, and the main components of the low-temperature reactor are cellulase, ligninase, brown sugar and Aspergillus niger. The composting agent accelerated the composting of corn straw within 21 days. However, the suitable growth temperature of Aspergillus niger in the low-temperature reactor is 37°C, and its effect is limited in cold and cool areas. Chinese invention patent 202110007359.1 discloses a cold-region straw decomposing bacterial agent, a preparation method and an application, and the decomposing bacterial agent includes a low-temperature bacterial community and a normal temperature bacterial community. The low-temperature bacteria include plant lactobacillus, lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, lactococcus, spherical arthrobacter and rhodococcus, and the normal temperature bacteria are lignocellulose decomposing bacteria. The decomposing agent can start fermentation under low temperature conditions and improve the efficiency of in-situ decomposition of straw in cultivated land. However, the natural temperature suitable for the decomposing bacteria agent of the present invention to degrade straw is preferably 4 to 32°C, and the best use time is April to May.Moreover, it is unclear whether the bacterial flora in the decomposing agent can survive stably in the soil. Chinese invention patent 202011625874.8 discloses a method for promoting straw decomposition, which uses straw as a component and foliage grass as a decomposition aid, and combines the high organic matter content of straw and the high protein content of foliage grass to achieve an optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio range that is conducive to straw decomposition. This method is simple to operate and can promote straw decomposition to a certain extent, but the microbial activity is limited in cold and cool areas, and the effect may not be good. Chinese invention patent 201910933683.9 discloses a straw in-situ field return decomposition agent and a preparation method thereof, which is obtained by fermenting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae separately, and mixing the resulting fermentation liquids.

[0005] Based on the above existing technologies, it can be concluded that most of the existing straw decomposing agents focus on the straw degradation ability of exogenous multi-stage decomposition microorganisms themselves, and the straw decomposition function can only be exerted at room temperature or high temperature. And the colonization ability of exogenous functional bacteria in the soil environment is ignored, especially the exploration of the straw decomposition ability of indigenous microbial flora. The decomposition of straw in cold areas is slow and incomplete, resulting in the floating of straw and the generation of harmful gases. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a self-heating straw decomposing agent and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the self-heating straw decomposing agent can form a micro-domain warming environment, promote the colonization of indigenous microorganisms and microorganisms in the self-heating straw decomposing agent and the decomposition of straw, thereby improving the decomposition ability of the self-heating straw decomposing agent on straw.

[0007] The present invention provides a self-heating straw decomposing agent, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 80-100 parts of biological micro-domain warming and decomposing agent and 1-2 parts of micro-domain heating starter;

[0009] The micro-domain heating starter comprises the following components: glucose, amino acids and rhamnosaccharide;

[0010] The preparation method of the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposition agent comprises the following steps:

[0011] The straw is mixed with animal excrement and lime and then fermented, and the obtained fermented product is extracted with water to obtain a modified straw carrier material;

[0012] The multi-stage decomposition microorganisms are loaded onto the modified straw carrier material, and the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposing agent is obtained after solid-state fermentation; the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms include Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis.

[0013] Preferably, the micro-domain heating starter comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40% glucose, 20-40% amino acids and 30-50% rhamnosaccharide.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms include the following components in percentage by mass:

[0015] Pseudomonas 10-35%, lactic acid bacteria 5-35%, yeast 5-30% and Bacillus subtilis 20-40%. Preferably, the fermentation includes layered fermentation; the mass ratio of the straw, animal feces and lime is (1-2):1:(0.03-0.06); the fermentation time is 24-30 days.

[0016] Preferably, the water extraction comprises: mixing the fermented product with water and soaking the mixture for 24 to 36 hours, separating the soaked mixture into solid and liquid to obtain the modified straw carrier material; the mass ratio of the fermented product to water is 1:(3 to 8).

[0017] Preferably, the moisture content of the modified straw carrier material is 50% to 70%.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the self-heating straw decomposing agent described in the above technical solution, comprising: mixing a biological micro-domain warming decomposing agent and a micro-domain heating starter to obtain the self-heating straw decomposing agent.

[0019] The present invention also provides the use of the self-heating straw decomposing agent described in the above technical solution or the self-heating straw decomposing agent prepared by the preparation method in decomposing straw and / or improving soil.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for composting straw and / or improving soil, comprising:

[0021] The self-heating straw decomposing agent described in the above technical solution or the self-heating straw decomposing agent prepared by the preparation method is applied to the straw and then plowed into the soil.

[0022] Preferably, the usage of the self-heating straw decomposing agent is 20 to 30 kg / mu, or the mass ratio of the self-heating straw decomposing agent to straw is 1:(20 to 50); the tillage depth is 15 to 20 cm; the straw includes crushed straw, and the particle size of the crushed straw is 5 to 10 cm.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] The invention provides a self-heating straw decomposing agent, comprising the following components in parts by mass: 80-100 parts of a biological micro-domain warming decomposing agent and 2-5 parts of a micro-domain heating starter; the micro-domain heating starter comprises the following components: glucose, amino acids and rhamnosaccharide; a preparation method of the biological micro-domain warming decomposing agent comprises the following steps: mixing straw with animal excrement and lime and then fermenting the mixture, and extracting the obtained fermented product with water to obtain a modified straw carrier material; loading multi-stage decomposition microorganisms onto the modified straw carrier material, and obtaining the biological micro-domain warming decomposing agent after solid-state fermentation; the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms comprise Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis. The present invention strengthens the multi-component decomposition ability of functional microorganisms through solid-state fermentation of multi-stage decomposition microorganisms and highly stable modified straw materials, thereby solving the problems of easy inactivation of functional microorganisms and poor environmental adaptability; by adding a micro-domain heating starter, on the basis of enhancing the contact surface between straw and bacterial agent, a composting-like process is constructed to accelerate the rapid reproduction of carbohydrate-protein decomposing microorganisms, form a local warming environment, promote the decomposition of straw by cellulose / hemicellulose decomposing bacteria, and induce and strengthen the activity of indigenous microorganisms; at the same time, the material after the straw decomposition can provide a carbon source for carbohydrate-protein decomposing microorganisms, form a continuous internal circulation reaction, accelerate the decomposition of straw, break through the technical bottlenecks of poor colonization ability, weak activity at low temperature and slow straw decomposition of existing similar straw decomposing bacterial agents, and have important application value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a self-heating straw decomposing agent, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0026] 80-100 parts of biological micro-domain warming and decomposing agent and 2-5 parts of micro-domain heating starter;

[0027] The micro-domain heating starter comprises the following components: glucose, amino acids and rhamnosaccharide;

[0028] The preparation method of the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposition agent comprises the following steps:

[0029] The straw is mixed with animal feces and lime and then fermented, and the obtained fermented product is extracted with water to obtain a modified straw carrier material;

[0030] The multi-stage decomposition microorganisms are loaded onto the modified straw carrier material, and the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposing agent is obtained after solid-state fermentation; the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms include Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis.

[0031] In terms of mass fraction, the self-heating straw decomposing agent of the present invention comprises 80-100 parts of micro-domain heating starter, more preferably 90 parts. The micro-domain heating starter of the present invention preferably comprises the following components in mass percentage: 20-40% glucose, 20-40% amino acid and 30-50% rhamnosaccharide.

[0032] In terms of mass percentage, the micro-domain heating starter of the present invention preferably includes 20-40% of glucose, further includes 30-40%, and more preferably 30%.

[0033] Based on the glucose, the micro-domain heating starter of the present invention preferably includes 20-40% of amino acids, further includes 25-30%, and more preferably 30%.

[0034] Based on the glucose, the micro-domain heating starter of the present invention preferably includes 30-50% of rhamnosaccharide, further includes 40-50%, and more preferably 40%.

[0035] The present invention has no special limitation on the preparation method of the micro-domain exothermic starter, and glucose, amino acids and rhamnosaccharide can be mixed. The micro-domain exothermic starter of the present invention can provide nutrients and carbon sources for multi-stage decomposition microorganisms or indigenous microorganisms in straw and soil, promote the reproduction of multi-stage decomposition microorganisms and indigenous microorganisms and quickly form a local warming environment.

[0036] In terms of parts by mass, the self-heating straw decomposing agent of the present invention includes 80 to 100 parts of the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposing agent, and more preferably 90 parts.

[0037] The method for preparing the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposing agent of the present invention preferably comprises: mixing straw with animal feces and lime and fermenting the mixture, and extracting the obtained fermentation product with water to obtain a modified straw carrier material;

[0038] The multi-stage decomposition microorganisms are loaded onto the modified straw carrier material, and the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposing agent is obtained after solid-state fermentation; the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms include Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis.

[0039] The present invention mixes straw with animal feces and lime and then ferments to obtain a fermented product. The present invention preferably mixes straw, animal feces and lime in a cyclic layered manner and then ferments. The mass ratio of straw, animal feces and lime in the present invention is preferably (1-2):1:(0.03-0.06), and more preferably 2:1:0.05. The length of the straw in the present invention is preferably 5-10 cm. The present invention does not specifically limit the height of each layer and the volume after mixing, and the layer height and volume of the conventional composting fermentation in the field of technology can be used. The straw in the present invention preferably includes one or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw and rape straw, and is more preferably rice straw and / or corn straw, and is more preferably rice straw. The animal feces in the present invention preferably includes one or more of cow dung, pig dung, sheep dung and chicken dung, and is more preferably pig dung and / or cow dung, and is more preferably pig dung or cow dung. The present invention does not specifically limit the source of the lime, and conventional commercially available lime in the field can be used.

[0040] The fermentation of the present invention preferably adopts natural compost fermentation; the water content of the fermentation is preferably 50-70%, more preferably 60%; the fermentation time is preferably 24-30 days, more preferably 28 days. The present invention preferably also includes turning the pile during the fermentation process, and the frequency of turning the pile is preferably 3-8 days / time, more preferably 4-6 days / time, more preferably turning the pile once every 5-6 days of the fermentation. The turning of the pile of the present invention can make the straw on the edge fully mixed with the well-rotted straw, thereby making the straw fully decomposed. The present invention can destroy the cellulose and hemicellulose structures in the straw through the decomposition of microorganisms through the fermentation.

[0041] After obtaining the fermented product, the present invention performs water extraction on the fermented product, which preferably includes: mixing the fermented product with water and soaking for 24 to 36 hours. The mass ratio of the fermented product to water in the present invention is preferably 1: (3 to 8), and more preferably 1: 4. The water extraction in the present invention can remove salts and sticky substances such as polysaccharides, making it easier to form a stable modified straw carrier material.

[0042] After the water extraction, the present invention preferably further comprises solid-liquid separation of the obtained mixture to obtain a modified straw carrier material. The present invention has no particular limitation on the parameters of the solid-liquid separation, and solid-liquid separation well known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0043] After obtaining the modified straw carrier material, the present invention loads the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms onto the modified straw carrier material, and after solid-state fermentation, obtains a biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposition agent. The loading conditions of the present invention preferably include mixing the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms with the modified straw carrier material. The mass ratio of the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms to the modified straw carrier material of the present invention is preferably (2-6):100, more preferably 5:100.

[0044] The multi-stage decomposition microorganisms of the present invention preferably include the following components in percentage by mass: 10-35% of Pseudomonas, 5-35% of lactic acid bacteria, 5-30% of yeast, and 20-40% of Bacillus subtilis. The present invention has no special restrictions on the sources and strain types of the yeast, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus, and conventional commercial strains in the art can be used.

[0045] In terms of percentage by mass, the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms of the present invention preferably include 10-35% of Pseudomonas, more preferably 30%; the number of viable bacteria in the Pseudomonas is preferably 10-20 billion cfu / g.

[0046] Based on the Pseudomonas, the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms of the present invention preferably include 5-30% of yeast, more preferably 20%; the number of live bacteria in the yeast is preferably 10-20 billion cfu / g.

[0047] Based on the Pseudomonas, the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms of the present invention preferably include 5-35% lactic acid bacteria, more preferably 20%; the number of live bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria is preferably 15-18 billion cfu / g.

[0048] Based on the yeast, the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms of the present invention preferably include 20-40% of Bacillus subtilis, more preferably 35%; the number of viable bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis is preferably 10-15 billion cfu / g.

[0049] The present invention increases the contact area between the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms and the soil and straw by loading the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms on the humus-like high-stable carbon material, thereby providing good colonization conditions for the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms.

[0050] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the self-heating straw decomposing agent described in the above technical solution, comprising: mixing a biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposing agent and a micro-domain heating starter to obtain the self-heating straw decomposing agent. The present invention preferably performs the mixing before using the self-heating straw decomposing agent, so as to achieve the effects of rapid propagation and temperature increase. The present invention does not specifically limit the mixing method, and the conventional mixing method in the art can be used to mix uniformly.

[0051] The present invention obtains a porous humus-like high-stable carbon material by carbonizing fermented straw, and increases the contact area between the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms and the soil and straw by loading the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms onto the carbon material, thereby providing good colonization conditions for the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms; at the same time, the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms and the indigenous microorganisms in the straw or soil can rapidly reproduce by relying on the glucose, amino acids and rhamnosaccharides in the micro-domain heating starter to form a local warming environment and thus promote the decomposition of the straw; and the substances after the decomposition of the straw can provide a carbon source for the microorganisms, forming a continuous internal circulation reaction, accelerating the decomposition of the straw, and thus can well solve the technical problem of slow and incomplete decomposition of the straw caused by the low ambient temperature.

[0052] Based on the above technical advantages, the present invention also provides the use of the self-heating straw decomposing agent or the self-heating straw decomposing agent prepared by the preparation method of the above technical solution in composting straw and / or improving soil, more preferably in composting straw and improving soil. The application of the present invention preferably includes application in cold and cool areas, and the average temperature of the cold and cool areas is preferably 0 to 20°C. The straw of the present invention preferably includes rice straw, corn straw or wheat straw, more preferably rice straw.

[0053] The present invention also provides a method for composting straw and / or improving soil, comprising: applying the self-heating straw decomposing agent described in the above technical solution or the self-heating straw decomposing agent prepared by the preparation method to the straw, and then plowing the soil.

[0054] The straw of the present invention preferably includes crushed straw, and the particle size of the crushed straw is preferably 5 to 10 cm; the crushed straw is preferably the straw obtained by returning the straw to the field, and the time for returning the straw to the field is preferably autumn, and the method is preferably to return the whole amount of the straw to the field by land preparation. The amount of the self-heating straw decomposing agent used in the present invention is preferably 20 to 30 kg / mu, more preferably 30 kg / mu; or the mass ratio of the self-heating straw decomposing agent to the straw is preferably 1: (20 to 50), more preferably 1: 30. The depth of the plowing of the present invention is preferably 15 to 20 cm, more preferably 20 cm. The present invention does not specifically limit the plowing method, and the plowing method well known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0055] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical effects provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A method for preparing a self-heating straw decomposing agent, comprising the following steps:

[0058] 1. Use corn stalks as raw materials, crush them into small pieces of 5-10 cm, ferment them in layers with stalks, pig manure and lime in a ratio of 2:1:0.05 for 24 days, control the moisture content during fermentation at 60%, turn the pile once on the 3rd to 4th day, on the 6th to 8th day, on the 10th to 12th day, and on the 14th to 18th day to obtain fermented straw.

[0059] 2. Add 3 to 8 parts of water and 1 part of the fermented straw prepared in step 1 into the reactor, soak for 30 hours, terminate the reaction, separate the solid and liquid, and obtain a modified straw carrier material.

[0060] 3. With modified straw carrier material as the core, four multi-stage decomposition microorganisms, namely Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis, are loaded. The mass percentages of the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms are 25% for Pseudomonas, 20% for lactic acid bacteria, 20% for yeast and 35% for Bacillus subtilis; the live bacteria concentrations of yeast, Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and Pseudomonas are 15 billion cfu / g, forming a biological micro-domain warming and decomposing agent.

[0061] 4. Mix 30% glucose, 30% amino acids and 40% rhamnosaccharide by weight to obtain a micro-domain heating starter.

[0062] 5. Before use, mix the biological micro-domain warming decomposing agent prepared in step 3 and the micro-domain heating starter prepared in step 4 in a mass ratio of 20:1 to obtain the self-heating straw decomposing agent.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] A method for preparing a self-heating straw decomposing agent, comprising the following steps:

[0065] 1. Use corn stalks as raw materials, crush them into small pieces of 5-10 cm, ferment them in layers with stalks, pig manure and lime in a ratio of 2:1:0.05 for 24 days, control the moisture content during fermentation at 60%, turn the pile once on the 3rd to 4th day, on the 6th to 8th day, on the 10th to 12th day, and on the 14th to 18th day to obtain fermented straw.

[0066] 2. With fermented straw as the core, four types of multi-stage decomposition microorganisms are loaded, with the mass percentage of multi-stage decomposition microorganisms being 25% of Pseudomonas, 20% of lactic acid bacteria, 20% of yeast and 35% of Bacillus subtilis; the live bacteria concentration of yeast is 15 billion cfu / g, the live bacteria concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 15 billion cfu / g, the live bacteria concentration of lactic acid bacteria is 18 billion cfu / g, and the live bacteria concentration of Pseudomonas is 15 billion cfu / g, forming a biological micro-domain warming and decomposing agent.

[0067] 3. Mix 30% glucose, 30% amino acids and 40% rhamnosaccharide by weight to obtain a micro-domain heating starter.

[0068] 4. Before use, mix the biological micro-domain warming decomposing agent prepared in step 3 and the micro-domain heating starter prepared in step 4 in a mass ratio of 20:1 to obtain the self-heating straw decomposing agent.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] A method for preparing a self-heating straw decomposing agent, comprising the following steps:

[0071] 1. Using corn stalks as raw materials, crush the corn stalks into small pieces of 5 to 10 cm, add 3 to 8 parts of water and 1 part of crushed stalks into the reactor, and soak for 30 hours. After the reaction is completed, separate the solid and liquid to obtain the modified stalk carrier material.

[0072] 2. With modified straw carrier material as the core, four multi-stage decomposition microorganisms, namely Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis, are loaded. The mass percentage of the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms is 25% for Pseudomonas, 20% for lactic acid bacteria, 20% for yeast and 35% for Bacillus subtilis; the live bacteria concentration of yeast is 15 billion cfu / g, the live bacteria concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 15 billion cfu / g, the live bacteria concentration of lactic acid bacteria is 18 billion cfu / g, and the live bacteria concentration of Pseudomonas is 15 billion cfu / g to form a biological micro-domain warming and decomposing agent.

[0073] 3. Mix 30% glucose, 30% amino acids and 40% rhamnosaccharide by weight to obtain a micro-domain heating starter.

[0074] 4. Before use, mix the biological micro-domain warming decomposing agent prepared in step 3 and the micro-domain heating starter prepared in step 4 in a mass ratio of 20:1 to obtain the self-heating straw decomposing agent.

[0075] Comparative Example 3

[0076] A method for preparing a self-heating straw decomposing agent, comprising the following steps:

[0077] 1. Prepare a biological micro-domain warming and decomposing agent, and mix four multi-stage decomposing microorganisms to prepare a biological micro-domain warming and decomposing agent;

[0078] The mass percentages of the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms are 25% for Pseudomonas, 20% for lactic acid bacteria, 20% for yeast and 35% for Bacillus subtilis; the live bacteria concentration of yeast is 15 billion cfu / g, the live bacteria concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 15 billion cfu / g, the live bacteria concentration of lactic acid bacteria is 18 billion cfu / g, and the live bacteria concentration of Pseudomonas is 15 billion cfu / g, forming a biological microdomain warming decomposition agent.

[0079] 2. Prepare a micro-domain fever starter preparation by mixing 30% glucose, 30% amino acids and 40% rhamnosaccharide in mass percentage to obtain a micro-domain fever starter.

[0080] 3. Before use, mix the biological decomposing agent prepared in step 1 and the micro-domain heating starter prepared in step 2 in a mass ratio of 20:1 to obtain the self-heating straw decomposing agent.

[0081] Application Example 1

[0082] The test was carried out in Tailai County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, which has a temperate continental monsoon climate, with dry and windy spring, hot and rainy summer, windy autumn with large temperature difference, and cold and snowy winter. The annual average active accumulated temperature is 2930.6℃, which is in the first accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang Province, with an annual average temperature of 4.9℃, an annual average frost-free period of 145 days, an annual average sunshine of 2908.8h, and an annual average precipitation of 392.6mm.

[0083] The experiment was carried out in October 2021. After the rice was harvested on October 15, 2021, the rice straw was mixed with the self-heating straw decomposing agent in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively, and the mixing mass ratio was 16:1.

[0084] The rice straw decomposition rate was determined by nylon mesh bag burial method (nylon mesh bag specifications: aperture 100 mesh, length 45cm, width 30cm). Specifically, after the rice matures, the stems and leaves are collected separately, and the plant stems are cut into 10cm small sections. According to the actual ratio of rice stems and leaves, equal amounts of stems and leaves are placed in each bag. Each bag is filled with 32g of rice stems and leaves and 2g of self-heating straw decomposition agent, and the bag mouth is sealed. The distance between the two bags in each treatment is about 2m. The burial depth is set according to the depth of local straw return to the field, that is, 10-15cm. After the straw is buried, it enters winter. The sampling times are divided into four times, with a total of 12 samples, and 3 samples are sampled each time. The first time is when the rice begins to freeze (November 5, 2021), the second time before land preparation the following year (April 30, 2022) (rice is planted after land preparation, and rice can be planted as usual), the third time is when rice tillers are in full bloom (June 25, 2022), and the fourth time is when rice is filling (September 15, 2022). After the straw is taken out, it is rinsed with water to remove debris other than the straw, dried at 80°C to constant weight, weighed, and the straw decomposition rate is calculated. The calculation formula for the straw decomposition rate is as follows:

[0085] Straw decomposition rate (%) = 100 × (AB) / A;

[0086] Where A represents the initial straw mass at a certain stage (g),

[0087] B represents the mass of straw at the end of a certain stage (g); the results are shown in Table 1:

[0088] Table 1 Effect of straw decomposing agent on straw decomposition rate in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3

[0089]

[0090] It can be concluded from Table 1 that compared with the straw decomposing agent formed by biological treatment (Comparative Example 1) and the straw decomposing agent treated by chemical method (Comparative Example 2), the straw decomposing agent after biological-chemical combined treatment (Example 1) has the best straw decomposition effect. The decomposition rate can reach 13.2% 20 days after the straw is returned to the field in autumn, and the straw decomposition rate can reach 25.62% before rice planting in the second year. The straw decomposition rate during the rice filling period can reach 78.54%, which is much higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Moreover, the straw decomposition effect of the treatment using only microbial agents (Comparative Example 3) is the lowest.

[0091] It can be concluded from the above embodiments that the self-heating straw decomposing agent of the present invention can accelerate the decomposition of straw, especially in cold areas, where the decomposition advantage is more obvious than that of conventional straw decomposing agents.

[0092] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-heating straw decomposing agent, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of biological micro-domain warming and decomposing agent and 2-5 parts of micro-domain heating starter; The micro-domain heating starter comprises the following components: glucose, amino acids and rhamnose; The preparation method of the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposition agent comprises the following steps: The straw is mixed with animal feces and lime and then fermented, and the obtained fermented product is extracted with water to obtain a modified straw carrier material; The fermentation includes layered fermentation; the mass ratio of the straw, animal feces and lime is (1-2):1:(0.03-0.06); the fermentation time is 24-30 days; The water extraction comprises: The fermented product is mixed with water and then soaked for 24 to 36 hours, and the soaked mixture is separated into solid and liquid to obtain the modified straw carrier material; the mass ratio of the fermented product to water is 1:(3 to 8); The multi-stage decomposition microorganisms are loaded onto the modified straw carrier material, and the biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposing agent is obtained after solid-state fermentation; the multi-stage decomposition microorganisms include Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis.

2. The self-heating straw decomposing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-domain heating starter comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40% glucose, 20-40% amino acid and 30-50% rhamnose.

3. The self-heating straw decomposing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage decomposition microorganisms include the following components in percentage by mass: 10-35% of pseudomonas, 5-35% of lactic acid bacteria, 5-30% of yeast and 20-40% of bacillus subtilis.

4. The self-heating straw decomposing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the modified straw carrier material is 50% to 70%.

5. The method for preparing the self-heating straw decomposing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: The biological micro-domain temperature-increasing decomposing agent and the micro-domain heating starter are mixed to obtain the self-heating straw decomposing agent.

6. Use of the self-heating straw decomposing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the self-heating straw decomposing agent prepared by the preparation method according to claim 5 in composting straw and / or improving soil.

7. A method for composting straw and / or improving soil, characterized in that: include: The self-heating straw decomposing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the self-heating straw decomposing agent prepared by the preparation method according to claim 5 is applied to the straw and then ploughed into the soil.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The usage amount of the self-heating straw decomposing agent is 20 to 30 kg / mu, or the mass ratio of the self-heating straw decomposing agent to the straw is 1:(20 to 50); the tillage depth is 15 to 20 cm; the straw includes crushed straw, and the particle size of the crushed straw is 5 to 10 cm.

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