A tritium production module system, a gas-cooled reactor and a tritium system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tritium production module system in a reactor. The tritium production module system has a multi-layer structure distributed along the radial direction of the reactor. The tritium production module system comprises a tritium production area and a circulation area. The tritium production area comprises tritium breeding materials. The tritium breeding materials react with neutrons to produce tritium elements. The tritium production module system is fluidly connected with the outside of the tritium production module system through the circulation area. The circulation area comprises a tritium pipeline. The tritium pipeline is used for the circulation of reactor coolant and tritium-containing medium. The tritium pipeline extends along the axial direction of the reactor. A plurality of holes are opened on the tube wall of the tritium pipeline. The tritium pipeline is fluidly connected with the tritium production area through the holes, thereby enhancing the transfer capacity and efficiency of tritium in the tritium production module system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of reactor tritium production, and in particular to a tritium production module system, a gas-cooled reactor and a tritium system. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main purposes of research and design of gas-cooled reactors at home and abroad include nuclear power generation, power supply and hydrogen production. Gas-cooled reactors have a higher core neutron leakage rate and a harder neutron spectrum (high proportion of high-energy neutrons) than water-cooled reactors. They require more fuel loading, higher (fissile nuclides) enrichment, and bring a more severe neutron irradiation environment. Neutrons leaking from the core (especially fast neutrons with energies higher than 0.1MeV and 1.0MeV) will not only cause radiation damage to reactor internal components, pressure vessels and other equipment, but will also affect the mechanical properties of these equipment as the cumulative neutron injection increases. It will cause key equipment such as pressure vessels to age faster, greatly increasing the major safety risks of equipment embrittlement, fracture and failure. At the same time, neutrons leaking from the core will also increase the radiation level outside the reactor, bringing radiation risks to external personnel and equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to install neutron moderating and reflecting materials (such as graphite) in the core of the gas-cooled reactor or around the core, or to increase the thickness of the shielding body outside the reactor or use materials with stronger shielding performance, but this will increase the volume, mass and cost of the gas-cooled reactor.

[0003] In order to solve the radiation hazard of neutron leakage in the high core of a gas-cooled reactor to reactor components and external personnel and equipment, the present application proposes that a tritium production module system can be added to the periphery of the gas-cooled reactor core to absorb neutrons leaked from the core, and to produce tritium by utilizing the leaked neutrons to react with tritium breeding materials in the peripheral tritium production module system, and to reduce the thickness of the gas-cooled reactor's reflective layer, moderating layer and external shielding body.

[0004] The prior art CN115440394A discloses a tritium-producing blanket, which includes a first wall, a sleeve, a neutron multiplier container and a shielding plate. The shielding plate is supported on one side of a vacuum chamber, and the neutron multiplier container is supported on a side of the shielding plate away from the vacuum chamber. The first wall is sleeved on the outside of the neutron multiplier container, and the free end of the first wall is fixedly connected to the shielding plate by welding. The sleeve is located inside the neutron multiplier container, and multiple sleeves are distributed inside the neutron multiplier container at intervals.

[0005] Prior art CN103578574A discloses a fusion-fission subcritical energy reactor core tritium producing blanket, comprising several layers of tritium producing material, moderator water is provided between two adjacent layers of tritium producing material, a zirconium partition is provided between the tritium producing material and the moderator water, and a zirconium cladding is provided outside the tritium producing blanket.

[0006] The above technical solutions are not applicable to gas-cooled reactors, and the transfer capacity and efficiency of tritium elements in the tritium-producing blanket need to be improved.

[0007] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention is specially introduced. Summary of the invention

[0008] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a tritium production module system in a reactor, which can enhance the transfer capacity and efficiency of tritium elements in the tritium production module system.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, a tritium producing module system in a reactor is proposed, the tritium producing module system has a multi-layer structure distributed along the radial direction of the reactor, the tritium producing module system includes a tritium producing area and a circulation area, the tritium producing area includes tritium breeding material, the tritium breeding material reacts with neutrons to produce tritium elements; through the circulation area, the tritium producing module system is fluidically connected with the outside of the tritium producing module system; the circulation area includes a tritium pipe, the tritium pipe is used for the circulation of reactor coolant and tritium-containing medium, and the tritium pipe extends along the axial direction of the reactor; a plurality of holes are opened on the pipe wall of the tritium pipe, and the tritium pipe is fluidically connected with the tritium producing area through the holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the tritium pipeline is a multi-layer pipeline, and a plurality of holes are opened on any layer of the multi-layer pipeline or on the pipe wall of any multi-layer pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the tritium pipeline is a 2-3 layer pipeline and holes are opened on the pipe wall of each layer of the pipeline, and the number of holes increases layer by layer from the outer layer to the inner layer of the tritium pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, the tritium production module system includes a coolant inlet, the coolant inlet includes a fluid acceleration device, and the fluid acceleration device is connected to the tritium pipeline.

[0013] Furthermore, the fluid acceleration device is a structure with a changing cross-sectional area, and the fluid acceleration device includes a contraction section, or a contraction section, a narrow throat section and an expansion section connected in sequence along the flow direction, the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section changes from large to small along the flow direction, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the expansion section changes from small to large along the flow direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the tritium producing module system also includes a cladding and a tritium producing layer group, the cladding is arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the reactor, the tritium producing layer group is located between the claddings, the tritium producing layer group includes a tritium breeding layer and / or a tritium breeding multiplication layer, and the tritium pipeline is at least partially located in the tritium producing layer group.

[0015] Furthermore, the tritium producing layer group includes a neutron multiplying layer and a tritium breeding layer arranged along the radial direction of the reactor, the tritium breeding layer is located outside the neutron multiplying layer, and the tritium pipeline is at least partially located inside the tritium breeding layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the tritium production module system also includes a partition, which is located between different types of layers in the tritium production layer group; the tritium production module system also includes an anti-tritium permeation layer, which is adjacent to the cladding and adopts a coating or a low-permeability structure. The anti-tritium permeation layer includes oxides and titanium-containing ceramics, and the oxides include one or more of the following substances: Cr2O3, Al2O3, TiO2.

[0017] Furthermore, the tritium production module system also includes a reflection layer or a moderator layer, and the material of the reflection layer or the moderator layer includes one or more of the following substances: graphite, isostatic graphite, nuclear-grade graphite, boron carbide, silicon carbide, boron-containing silicon carbide, beryllium oxide or beryllium-containing compounds.

[0018] Furthermore, the tritium production module system also includes an irradiation product production layer, and the materials of the irradiation product production layer include one or more of the following substances: Np-237 and its compounds for producing Pu-238, Co-59 and its compounds for producing Co-60, and partitions are arranged on both sides of the irradiation product production layer.

[0019] Furthermore, the tritium production module system includes a cladding, a tritium penetration prevention layer, a neutron multiplication layer, a partition, a tritium breeding layer, a partition, an irradiation product production layer, a partition, a reflection layer or a moderation layer, a tritium penetration prevention layer, and a cladding, which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the reactor.

[0020] Further, the tritium producing layer group includes a first circulation structure, in which the neutron multiplication layer and the tritium breeding layer arranged along the radial direction of the reactor circulate multiple times; or the tritium producing layer group includes a second circulation structure, in which any arrangement and combination of the neutron multiplication layer, the tritium breeding layer and the tritium breeding multiplication layer arranged along the radial direction of the reactor circulate multiple times.

[0021] Furthermore, the tritium-producing layer group includes a tritium multiplication layer, which includes a neutron multiplication section and a cylindrical tritium multiplication section, a plurality of tritium multiplication sections are evenly arranged in the neutron multiplication section, a volume ratio of the neutron multiplication section to the tritium multiplication section is in the range of 2:1 to 8:1, and tritium pipes are arranged in an array in the tritium multiplication section.

[0022] Furthermore, the tritium production module system is in the shape of a circular column, which completely surrounds the periphery of the reactor core in the circumferential direction. The tritium production module system is composed of multiple tritium production sub-modules in the circumferential direction, and the number of tritium production sub-modules is in the range of 4-24.

[0023] Furthermore, the neutron multiplying layer includes a neutron multiplying material ball, which contains a neutron multiplying material, and the neutron multiplying material includes beryllium and beryllium-containing compounds; the tritium breeding layer includes a tritium breeding material ball, which contains a tritium breeding material, and the tritium breeding material includes one or a mixture of the following substances: Li2O, Li2TiO3, LiAlO2, Li4SiO4, and Li2ZrO3 ceramics.

[0024] Further, the tritium multiplication layer includes a neutron multiplication material ball and a tritium multiplication material ball; or the tritium multiplication layer includes a tritium multiplication material ball, the core part of the tritium multiplication material ball has tritium multiplication material, and the shell part of the tritium multiplication material ball has neutron multiplication material.

[0025] Furthermore, the enrichment of Li-6 in the tritium breeder material is 7.5%-90%, the enrichment of Li-7 is 10%-92.5%, and the enrichment of Li-6 and Li-7 is 100% in total; the tritium breeder material with a Li-7 enrichment of 50%-92.5% is arranged close to the reactor core, and the tritium breeder material with a Li-6 enrichment of 50%-90% is arranged away from the core.

[0026] Furthermore, the neutron multiplication layer, the tritium proliferation layer and the tritium proliferation multiplication layer all include an air inlet of the tritium producing layer group, and the air inlet of the tritium producing layer group is provided with a supporting structure and a first filter screen for preventing the material in the tritium producing layer group from leaking out.

[0027] Furthermore, a second filter screen or filter membrane is provided inside or outside the wall of the tritium pipeline to prevent materials or dust in the tritium-producing layer group from entering the tritium pipeline. The technical solution of the present invention achieves at least the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The tritium production module system is capable of increasing the flow rate of the tritium medium in the tritium production module system by arranging a fluid acceleration device at the coolant inlet, so that the flow rate, pressure and density of the gas medium entering different structural layers of the tritium production module system are different, thereby enhancing the ability and efficiency of the gas medium to carry tritium. At the same time, the ultrasonic wave generated can remove the tritium deposited and attached to the wall of the flow channel in the tritium production module system, thereby reducing the sedimentation loss of tritium.

[0029] 2. The tritium production module system makes it easier for the tritium element to be released and diffused into the tritium pipeline from the tritium production module system by arranging the tritium pipeline into multiple layers and opening holes on the pipeline wall, and sets the number of holes. The tritium pipeline is connected and coordinated with the fluid acceleration device, so that the air flow rate of the tritium pipeline increases layer by layer from the outer layer to the inner layer, and the pressure decreases layer by layer, thereby further enhancing the efficiency of the release and diffusion of tritium from the tritium production area to the tritium pipeline.

[0030] 3. This tritium production module system can better realize the functions of neutron multiplication and production of tritium elements by setting up the structure of neutron multiplication layer, tritium proliferation layer or tritium proliferation multiplication layer, and improve the tritium production rate by allocating positions with different abundances of Li-6 and Li-7; using gas-cooled reactor to produce tritium, the radiation hazard of high core neutron leakage of gas-cooled reactor to reactor components and external personnel and equipment can be solved, and the thickness of reflective layer, moderation layer and external shielding body of gas-cooled reactor can be reduced.

[0031] 4. The tritium production module system sets a support structure and a first filter at the air inlet of the tritium production layer group to allow the gas medium to enter and prevent the material in the tritium production module system from leaking out; sets a second filter or filter membrane on the inner or outer side of the pipe wall of the tritium pipeline to prevent or reduce the material or dust in the tritium production layer group from entering the tritium pipeline, and also prevents the graphite dust and other impurities in the core from entering the tritium production module system.

[0032] 5. The tritium production module system is completely surrounded by the reactor in the circumferential direction and is composed of a certain number of tritium production sub-modules, so that the reactor can achieve the maximum tritium production effect. When a part of the tritium production sub-modules has problems, it is convenient to replace them, thereby ensuring the stability of the reactor's tritium production.

[0033] To achieve the above objective, according to another aspect of the present invention, a gas-cooled reactor is proposed, comprising a tritium production module system, wherein the tritium production module system is arranged at the periphery of a core of the gas-cooled reactor, and the tritium production module system reacts with neutrons in the core to produce tritium elements.

[0034] Furthermore, the gas-cooled reactor includes a core, a nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer and a reactor pressure vessel which are arranged from the inside to the outside along its radial direction, and the tritium production module system is located between the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer and the reactor pressure vessel.

[0035] Furthermore, the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer includes a metal container or a panel and also includes a fixed support structure.

[0036] Furthermore, the gas-cooled reactor also includes a neutron regulating layer, which includes a first neutron regulating layer, a second neutron regulating layer and a third neutron regulating layer, and the neutron regulating layer includes a coolant flow channel and / or a neutron multiplication layer and / or a reflection layer and / or a moderation layer.

[0037] Furthermore, a second neutron regulating layer is provided between the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer and the tritium production module system.

[0038] Furthermore, a third neutron regulating layer is arranged between the reactor pressure vessel and the tritium production module system.

[0039] Furthermore, a first neutron regulating layer is provided between the core and the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer.

[0040] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0041] 1. The gas-cooled reactor proposed in this application can solve the radiation hazard of high-core neutron leakage of the gas-cooled reactor to reactor components and external personnel and equipment by arranging a tritium production module system outside the core to produce tritium elements, and can reduce the thickness of the gas-cooled reactor's reflective layer, moderator layer and external shielding body.

[0042] 2. The gas-cooled reactor proposed in this application can improve the utilization rate of core neutrons in the gas-cooled reactor and improve the tritium production efficiency by setting a neutron regulation layer on both sides of the tritium production module system and between the core and the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer; by changing the structure of the neutron regulation layer, it can adapt to gas-cooled reactors of different types and states.

[0043] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to another aspect of the present invention, a tritium system is proposed, comprising a tritium production module system and a tritium fuel supply system, wherein the tritium production module system is connected to the tritium fuel supply system, the reactor coolant and tritium-containing medium in the tritium production module system are input into the tritium fuel supply system to obtain tritium and / or helium-3 fuel, and the tritium fuel and / or helium-3 fuel are transported to the fusion reactor.

[0044] Furthermore, the tritium fuel supply system includes a tritium collection system, a tritium processing and storage system, and a tritium replenishment system which are connected in sequence. The tritium collection system is connected to the tritium production module system, and the tritium replenishment system is connected to the fusion reactor.

[0045] Furthermore, the tritium processing and storage system includes: a tritium extraction system, a tritium purification and separation system, a tritium storage system and a tritium monitoring system. The tritium monitoring system is respectively associated with the tritium extraction system, the tritium purification and separation system and the tritium storage system to monitor the equipment and facilities of each system.

[0046] Furthermore, the tritium collection system includes: a tritium purification system, a tritium diversion system, a gas cooling and a tritium conversion / catalysis system.

[0047] Furthermore, the tritium replenishment system includes: a feed pretreatment system and a tritium injection system.

[0048] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved: the tritium system proposed in the present application, by setting up a tritium fuel supply system connected to the tritium production module system, collects, processes, stores and transports the tritium produced in the tritium production module system in the tritium fuel supply system, and can deliver tritium and / or helium-3 fuel to the fusion reactor to solve the problem of tritium self-sustaining and fuel replenishment of the fusion reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of a tritium production module system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown;

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the flow direction of tritium-containing medium in the tritium production module system in Example 1 of the present invention is shown;

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a reactor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown;

[0053] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a reactor in Embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown;

[0054] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a tritium system in Example 3 of the present invention is shown.

[0055] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0056] 1. Tritium pipeline; 2. Holes; 3. Fluid acceleration device; 4. Cladding; 5. Neutron multiplying layer; 6. Tritium breeding layer; 7. Tritium breeding multiplying layer; 8. First filter; 9. Partition; 10. Moderator; 11. Irradiation product production layer; 12. Neutron multiplying section; 13. Tritium breeding section; 14. Core; 15. First neutron regulating layer; 16. Nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer; 17. Reactor pressure vessel; 18. Tritium fuel supply system; 19. Tritium collection system; 20. Tritium processing and storage system; 21. Tritium replenishment system; 22. Tritium extraction system; 23. Tritium purification and separation system; 24. Tritium storage system; 25. Gas-cooled reactor; 26. Fusion reactor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0058] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and these embodiments cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The term "including" when used indicates the existence of a feature, but does not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features; the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention; in addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0059] In the description, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0060] Examples 1 and 2 of the present application both take a gas-cooled reactor as an example, and demonstrate the structural shape and other contents of the tritium production module system arranged inside the gas-cooled reactor. These two embodiments are only preferred. In some other embodiments, the tritium production module system may also be used in pressurized water reactors, heavy water reactors, fast neutron reactors and other reactor types.

[0061] Compared with other reactor types, gas-cooled reactors have three major physical advantages in tritium production. First, gas-cooled reactors have the physical characteristic of a high core neutron leakage rate. By setting up a tritium production module system outside the gas-cooled reactor core, the neutrons leaking from the core react with the tritium breeding materials in the tritium production module system to produce tritium elements. At the same time, the high neutron reaction cross section of its materials is used to reduce the neutron irradiation damage of key equipment such as pressure vessels and the radiation level outside the reactor. The original graphite reflector layer with no added value is replaced with a valuable tritium production module system, and the thickness of the gas-cooled reactor reflector layer, moderator layer and external shielding body can be reduced. Second, the temperature inside the gas-cooled reactor is high, generally exceeding 400~800℃, which is conducive to the release and diffusion of tritium in the tritium production module system, and has excellent conditions for online extraction of tritium. Third, the gas coolant of the gas-cooled reactor has a good tritium carrying capacity. The physical and chemical properties of the gas coolant are stable (such as He) and are very different from the physical and chemical properties of tritium (such as carbon dioxide), making it easy to separate and purify tritium.

[0062] The use of gas-cooled reactors to produce tritium can solve the radiation hazards of neutron leakage from the high core of the gas-cooled reactor to reactor components and external personnel and equipment, and can reduce the thickness of the gas-cooled reactor's reflective layer, moderating layer and external shielding body. Example

[0063] The present invention proposes a tritium production module system in a reactor, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tritium production module system has a multi-layer structure distributed along the radial direction of the reactor. The tritium production module system includes a tritium production area and a circulation area. The tritium production area includes tritium breeding materials. The tritium breeding materials react with neutrons to produce tritium elements. Through the circulation area, the tritium production module system is connected to the external fluid of the tritium production module system.

[0064] Specifically, the circulation area includes a tritium pipeline 1, which is used for the circulation of reactor coolant and tritium-containing medium, and is mainly used to guide the tritium elements produced in the tritium production area out of the tritium production module system. The tritium pipeline 1 extends along the axial direction of the reactor, and a plurality of holes 2 are opened on the wall of the tritium pipeline 1, through which the tritium pipeline 1 is fluidically connected to the tritium production area.

[0065] The tritium pipeline 1 is a single-layer or multi-layer pipeline. Preferably, the tritium pipeline 1 is a multi-layer pipeline, and a plurality of holes 2 are opened on the pipe wall of any layer or any multi-layer pipeline of the multi-layer pipeline. Figure 1 As shown, the tritium pipeline 1 is a 2-3 layer pipeline and holes 2 are provided on the pipe wall of each layer of the pipeline. From the outer layer to the inner layer of the tritium pipeline 1, the number of holes 2 increases layer by layer, or the size of the holes 2 increases layer by layer. In this way, the pressure of the tritium pipeline decreases layer by layer from the outer layer to the inner layer, and the air flow rate increases layer by layer, thereby further enhancing the efficiency of releasing and diffusing tritium from the tritium producing area to the tritium pipeline.

[0066] Preferably, the holes 2 can be arranged at certain intervals along the extension direction of the tritium pipeline, and the shape of the holes can be various shapes such as round, square, etc. In addition, along the extension direction of the tritium pipeline 1, the positions of the holes 2 on any two adjacent layers of the pipeline wall on the tritium pipeline 1 can be the same or staggered. The tritium production module system makes it easier for tritium to be released and diffused from the tritium production module system to the tritium pipeline by setting the tritium pipeline to be multi-layered and opening holes on the pipeline wall, and setting the size, quantity and position of the holes.

[0067] In this application, if Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the tritium production module system includes a coolant inlet, the coolant inlet includes a fluid acceleration device 3, and the coolant inlet is connected to the tritium pipeline 1. Preferably, the fluid acceleration device 3 is connected to the tritium pipeline 1, and the tritium pipeline 1 is connected and coordinated with the fluid acceleration device 3, so that the flow rate, pressure, and density of the gas medium entering different structural layers of the tritium production module system are different, thereby enhancing the ability and efficiency of the gas medium in the tritium pipeline 1 to carry tritium.

[0068] Specifically, the fluid acceleration device 3 is a structure with a variable cross-sectional area, which is not limited to a tubular structure with a variable cross-sectional area, or a plate-like structure, etc. The fluid acceleration device 3 includes a contraction section, a narrow throat section, and an expansion section connected in sequence along the flow direction. The cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section changes from large to small along the flow direction, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the expansion section changes from small to large along the flow direction. Preferably, the fluid acceleration device 3 is a Laval nozzle or a structure similar to a Laval nozzle designed using the Bernoulli principle and related physical principles, which can accelerate the gas, and under certain conditions, it can even accelerate to supersonic speed. In addition, in other embodiments, the fluid acceleration device 3 may only include a contraction section, which can also play a role in accelerating the gas.

[0069] For details, please refer to Figure 2 The direction of air flow in the tritium production module system shown in the figure, by setting a fluid acceleration device at the coolant inlet, the tritium production module system can increase the flow rate of the tritium medium in the tritium production module system, so that the flow rate, pressure and density of the gas medium entering the different structural layers of the tritium production module system are different, thereby enhancing the ability and efficiency of the gas medium to carry tritium. At the same time, the ultrasonic vibration generated can remove the tritium deposited and attached to the wall of the flow channel and the tritium production module system, thereby reducing the sedimentation loss of tritium. In addition, through the connection between the fluid acceleration device and the tritium pipeline, and the design of the number and size of holes on the wall of each layer of the tritium pipeline, the air flow rate of the tritium pipeline from the outside to the inner layer increases layer by layer, and the pressure decreases layer by layer, thereby further enhancing the efficiency of the release and diffusion of tritium from the tritium production area to the tritium pipeline.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the gas-cooled reactor includes a gas-cooled reactor core 14, a first neutron regulating layer 15, a nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer 16 and a reactor pressure vessel 17 arranged radially from the inside to the outside. The tritium production module system is located between the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer 16 and the reactor pressure vessel 17. The first neutron regulating layer 15 can be set as a coolant flow channel and / or a neutron multiplication layer and / or a reflection layer and / or a moderator layer. The nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer 16 includes a metal container or a shroud, and also includes a fixed support member.

[0071] The gas-cooled reactor includes a neutron regulating layer, which can adjust the energy and quantity of neutrons, which is beneficial to improving the tritium production efficiency of the tritium production module system. The neutron regulating layer includes a first neutron regulating layer 15, a second neutron regulating layer, and a third neutron regulating layer. Coolant flow channels and / or neutron multiplication layers and / or reflection layers and / or moderation layers can be set in the neutron regulating layer as required.

[0072] In a gas-cooled reactor, a second neutron regulating layer may be provided between the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer 16 and the tritium production module system, and / or a third neutron regulating layer may be provided between the reactor pressure vessel 17 and the tritium production module system. The gas-cooled reactor proposed in the present application can improve the utilization rate of core neutrons in the gas-cooled reactor and improve the tritium production efficiency by providing neutron regulating layers on both sides of the tritium production module system and between the core and the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer; and can adapt to gas-cooled reactors of different types and states by changing the structure of the neutron regulating layer.

[0073] Specifically, the tritium production module system includes a cladding 4 and a tritium production layer group, and the cladding 4 is arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the reactor. That is, the cladding 4 is located at the outermost layer of the tritium production module system along the radial direction of the reactor, and the tritium production layer group is located between two layers of cladding 4.

[0074] The tritium-producing layer group includes at least one of a tritium breeding layer 6 and a tritium breeding multiplication layer 7, wherein the tritium breeding layer 6 and the tritium breeding multiplication layer 7 both include a tritium-producing region, and the tritium-producing region includes tritium breeding materials.

[0075] A neutron multiplying layer 5 may also be provided in the tritium producing layer group, and the neutron multiplying layer 5 includes a neutron multiplying material. The neutron multiplying layer 5 may be configured together with any one or both of the tritium breeding layer 6 and the tritium breeding multiplying layer 7. Preferably, when there is only the tritium breeding layer 6 in the tritium producing layer group, the neutron multiplying layer 5 is provided at the same time. The tritium pipeline 1 is located in the tritium producing layer group.

[0076] The reactor coolant is a gas, and the cooling gas includes: an inert gas such as helium (He), or a gas with stable physical and chemical properties such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Preferably, the reactor coolant gas is an inert gas such as helium (He) in engineering.

[0077] The shapes of fuel elements include: spherical, cylindrical, plate-shaped, block-shaped, cross-plate-shaped, curved plate-shaped, and hollow cylindrical. The cross-sectional shapes of columnar fuel elements include: circular, regular polygonal (such as square, regular hexagon, regular octagon, etc.). The shapes of the inner and outer sides of the cross-sectional shapes of hollow columnar fuel elements include: circular, regular polygonal (such as square, regular hexagon, regular octagon, etc.), and the inner and outer sides can be the same shape or different shapes.

[0078] Preferably, if Figure 3As shown, the reactor type used in the project is a gas-cooled reactor with a hexagonal core. Generally, a neutron multiplication layer is set in the first neutron regulation layer 15 of the gas-cooled reactor, so that the thermal neutron injection rate of the tritium production module system of the gas-cooled reactor is 1.0×10 10 ~2.0×10 13 n / cm 2 ·s, and the fast neutron injection rate is 5.0×10 9 ~5.0×10 12 n / cm 2 ·s.

[0079] In a gas-cooled fast reactor, a moderator layer may be provided in the first neutron regulating layer 15, and the thermal neutron injection rate of the tritium production module system is 1.0×10 10 ~2.0×10 13 n / cm 2 ·s, and the fast neutron injection rate is 5.0×10 9 ~1.0×10 13 n / cm 2 ·s.

[0080] In order to further improve the neutron fluence (rate) at the tritium production module system, the gas-cooled reactor can be improved to a high-flux gas-cooled reactor. In the high-flux gas-cooled reactor, a coolant flow channel is set in the first neutron regulation layer 15 to enhance the cooling efficiency, so that the thermal neutron fluence rate of the tritium production module system is 1.0×10 11 ~5.0×10 15 n / cm 2 ·s, and the fast neutron injection rate is 1.5×10 10 ~1.0×10 15 n / cm 2 ·s, thereby increasing the generation capacity and efficiency of tritium.

[0081] The gas-cooled reactor can also be improved into a high-flux gas-cooled fast reactor. In the high-flux gas-cooled fast reactor, a coolant flow channel is provided in the first neutron regulating layer 15, and a moderator layer or a reflector layer is provided. The thermal neutron injection rate of the tritium production module system is 1.0×10 11 ~5.0×10 15 n / cm 2 ·s, and the fast neutron injection rate is 3×10 12 ~5.0×10 15 n / cm 2 ·s.

[0082] The core fuel is a substance containing uranium, thorium, and plutonium, including: AO2, AC, AN, or MOX ceramic fuel, or TRISO-type fuel coated with particles. A is one of uranium, thorium, and plutonium, and MOX includes any two or three of uranium, thorium, and plutonium. Preferably, the core of the gas-cooled reactor in the project uses uranium fuel, and the minimum enrichment of U-235 in the fuel is not less than 4.5%, the maximum enrichment is 20%, and the average enrichment is not less than 8%; thereby ensuring the neutron injection (quantity) of the tritium production module system and the tritium production.

[0083] In order to increase the neutron injection of the reactor, MOX fuel is used in the project. The enrichment of U-235 in the fuel is 0.3%, the minimum enrichment of Pu-239 in the fuel is not less than 5%, the maximum enrichment is 60%, and the average enrichment is 8%~25%.

[0084] For high-flux gas-cooled reactors and high-flux gas-cooled fast reactors, if uranium fuel or uranium-thorium MOX fuel is used, the enrichment of U-235 in the fuel shall not be less than 15%. If uranium-plutonium MOX fuel, thorium-plutonium MOX fuel or uranium-thorium-plutonium MOX fuel is used, the enrichment of Pu-239 in the fuel shall not be less than 10%.

[0085] Combination Figure 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, the tritium-producing layer group includes a neutron multiplying layer 5 and a tritium breeding layer 6 arranged along the radial direction of the reactor, the tritium breeding layer 6 is located outside the neutron multiplying layer 5, and at least part of the tritium pipeline 1 is located inside the tritium breeding layer 6. The neutron multiplying layer 5 is used to multiply neutrons, and the tritium breeding layer 6 is used to allow neutrons to react with tritium breeding materials to produce tritium elements.

[0086] The tritium production module system further includes a partition 9, which is located between different types of layers in the tritium production layer group, that is, between the neutron multiplication layer 5 and the tritium breeding layer 6. In some other embodiments, the tritium production layer group includes a first circulation structure, in which the neutron multiplication layer 5 and the tritium breeding layer 6 arranged along the radial direction of the reactor circulate multiple times, and partitions 9 can be arranged between different layers of the tritium production layer group. This circulation structure can enhance the utilization rate of neutrons in the tritium production module system.

[0087] The tritium production module system also includes a tritium penetration-proof layer, which is adjacent to the cladding 4 and adopts a coating or a low-permeability structure. The tritium penetration-proof layer includes oxides and titanium-containing ceramics. The oxides include one or more of the following substances: Cr2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, and the titanium-containing ceramics are preferably titanium aluminum carbide ceramics. The tritium penetration-proof layer can effectively prevent the tritium element in the tritium production module system from penetrating to the outside of the tritium production module system to cause loss.

[0088] The cladding material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: austenitic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, ferritic steel, vanadium alloy, zirconium alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy. Preferably, the cladding thickness is 5 mm-30 mm.

[0089] In addition, the tritium production module system further includes a reflection layer or a moderator layer 10, and the material of the reflection layer or the moderator layer 10 includes but is not limited to one or more of the following substances: graphite, isostatic graphite, nuclear-grade graphite, boron carbide, silicon carbide, boron-containing silicon carbide, beryllium oxide or beryllium-containing compounds. The reflection layer is provided here to reflect neutrons, improve neutron utilization, and increase tritium production.

[0090] The tritium production module system also includes an irradiation product production layer 11 for producing some irradiation products. The materials of the irradiation product production layer 11 include but are not limited to one or more of the following substances: Np-237 and its compounds for producing Pu-238, Co-59 and its compounds for producing Co-60. Figure 2 As shown, partitions 9 are arranged on both sides of the irradiation product production layer 11 .

[0091] In some other embodiments, the irradiated product production layer 11 may also be placed between any two layers of the neutron multiplication layer, the tritium breeding layer, the tritium breeding multiplication layer, the moderator 10 or the reflection layer, and partitions 9 are provided between the irradiated product production layer and other layers.

[0092] To sum up, preferably, in this embodiment, the tritium production module system includes a cladding 4, a tritium penetration prevention layer, a neutron multiplication layer 5, a partition 9, a tritium breeding layer 6, a partition 9, an irradiated product production layer 11, a partition 9, a reflection layer or a moderation layer 10, a tritium penetration prevention layer, and a cladding 4, which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the reactor.

[0093] The tritium production module system also includes a coolant channel, which has a similar function to the tritium pipeline 1 and is used for the circulation of reactor coolant and / or tritium-containing medium. The coolant channel is arranged in the gaps between the layers in the tritium production module system, and / or inside the cladding 4 and / or the partition 9.

[0094] Preferably, the thickness of the cladding and / or the partition is greater than 1 mm. If a coolant channel is provided in the cladding and / or the partition, the thickness of the cladding and / or the partition with the coolant channel is greater than 3 mm.

[0095] The tritium production module system can be completely or partially surrounded by the periphery of the core 14 in the circumferential direction. The periphery of the core 14 can include multiple tritium production module systems of the same or different structures. The multiple tritium production module systems can be evenly or unevenly arranged within a 360° angle range, or evenly or unevenly arranged at certain angles within a partial angle range of the periphery of the core.

[0096] The shape of the tritium production module system includes one or more of the following shapes: 360° overall hollow circular cylinder, 1°~359° hollow arc cylinder, cylinder, polygonal prism, trapezoidal cross-section cylinder, fan-shaped cross-section cylinder, cube.

[0097] In the present application, the thickness of the tritium production module system along the radial direction of the reactor is 1 cm-100 cm. Preferably, the thickness of the tritium production module system is 15 cm-60 cm.

[0098] Preferably, if Figure 3 As shown, the tritium production module system is in the shape of a circular column, which completely surrounds the periphery of the reactor core in the circumferential direction. The tritium production module system is composed of multiple tritium production sub-modules spliced ​​together in the circumferential direction, and the number of tritium production sub-modules is in the range of 4-24. That is, the shape of the tritium production sub-module is a columnar fan cross-section with an angle of 15°~90°.

[0099] More preferably, if Figure 3 As shown, partitions 9 are arranged between adjacent tritium producing submodules to prevent the materials of adjacent tritium producing submodules from directly contacting each other. The tritium pipeline 1 surrounds the core in the tritium breeding layer 6 along the circumferential direction, and 2-6 tritium pipelines are arranged in each tritium producing submodule.

[0100] The tritium production module system is completely surrounded by the reactor in the circumferential direction and is composed of a certain number of tritium production sub-modules, so that the reactor can achieve the maximum tritium production effect. When a part of the tritium production sub-modules has problems, it is convenient to replace them, thereby ensuring the stability of the reactor's tritium production.

[0101] Preferably, the neutron multiplication layer 5 and the tritium breeding layer 6 both adopt a structure of material balls filled in a ball bed. The neutron multiplication layer 5 includes neutron multiplication material balls, which contain neutron multiplication materials, and the neutron multiplication materials include beryllium and beryllium-containing compounds, such as beryllium, BeO or beryllium-containing ceramics. The tritium breeding layer 6 includes tritium breeding material balls, which contain tritium breeding materials, and the tritium breeding materials include one or a mixture of the following substances: Li2O, Li2TiO3, LiAlO2, Li4SiO4, Li2ZrO3 ceramics.

[0102] The diameter of the neutron multiplication material ball and the tritium breeding material ball is 0.1mm-10mm, and the filling rate is 40%-80%. Preferably, the diameter is 0.2mm-2mm, and the filling rate is 50%-70%, so as to achieve better effects of neutron multiplication and tritium breeding.

[0103] In the present application, the enrichment of Li-6 in the tritium breeder material is 7.5%-90%, the enrichment of Li-7 is 10%-92.5%, and the enrichment of Li-6 and Li-7 is 100%. The tritium breeder material with a Li-7 enrichment of 50%-92.5% is arranged close to the reactor core, and the tritium breeder material with a Li-6 enrichment of 50%-90% is arranged far away from the core.

[0104] Fast neutrons with energies greater than 1.0 MeV, which have a higher proportion in the hard neutron energy spectrum near the core, react with Li-7 to produce tritium (Li-7 has a large cross section for fast neutrons with an energy of 2.47 MeV). The neutrons are slowed down by the previous material layer, which "softens" the neutron energy spectrum and increases the proportion of low-energy and thermal neutrons, thereby increasing the tritium production rate with Li-6, ultimately reducing the manufacturing cost of tritium breeder materials and increasing the tritium production rate.

[0105] In other embodiments, a tritium multiplication layer may be added to the tritium producing layer group. The tritium multiplication layer also adopts the structure of material balls filled in the ball bed. The tritium multiplication layer includes neutron multiplication material balls and tritium multiplication material balls; or the tritium multiplication layer includes tritium multiplication material balls. The core part of the tritium multiplication material ball has tritium multiplication material, and the shell part of the tritium multiplication material ball has neutron multiplication material.

[0106] The tritium producing layer group can be designed as a second circulation structure, in which any arrangement and combination of the neutron multiplying layer, the tritium breeding layer and the tritium breeding multiplying layer arranged along the radial direction of the reactor is circulated once or multiple times.

[0107] like Figure 2 As shown, preferably, a tritium producing layer group, i.e., a neutron multiplication layer and a tritium proliferation layer, can be provided with a tritium producing layer group air inlet, and the tritium producing layer group air inlet is provided with a supporting structure and a first filter screen 8 for allowing the gas medium to enter and preventing the material in the tritium producing layer group from leaking out.

[0108] In addition, a second filter screen or filter membrane is arranged inside or outside the wall of the tritium pipeline 1 to prevent or reduce the material or dust in the tritium production layer group from entering the tritium pipeline, and also to prevent the graphite dust and other impurities in the core from entering the tritium production module system.

[0109] The first filter screen 8 or the second filter screen may be made of glass fiber, chemical fiber, nano aerogel and the like, preferably graphene aerogel. Example

[0110] Compared with Example 1, the position, shape, tritium pipeline, fluid acceleration device 3 and filter screen of the tritium production module system in the gas-cooled reactor in Example 2 are basically the same, except that: Figure 4As shown, the tritium production module system in Embodiment 2 is composed of a cladding 4 and a tritium multiplication layer 7 between the claddings. A tritium penetration-proof layer adjacent to the cladding 4 may also be provided.

[0111] In this embodiment, the tritium breeding layer 6 and the neutron multiplication layer 5 are preferably not provided in the tritium-producing layer group. The tritium breeding multiplication layer 7 in this embodiment includes a neutron multiplication section 12 and a cylindrical tritium breeding section 13, and a plurality of tritium breeding sections 13 are evenly arranged in the neutron multiplication section 12, so that the neutron injection in each tritium breeding section 13 is at the same order of magnitude. Preferably, a partition 9 is provided on the periphery of the cylindrical tritium breeding section 13 to separate the materials of the neutron multiplication section 12 and the tritium breeding section 13. In the tritium breeding multiplication layer 7, the volume ratio of the neutron multiplication section 12 to the tritium breeding section 13 is in the range of 2:1 to 8:1, and the tritium pipes 1 are arranged in an array in the tritium breeding section 13.

[0112] Preferably, the number of tritium breeding units 13 in each tritium producing submodule does not exceed 6. Figure 4 Three are shown. The distance difference between the material at all positions in the tritium breeding section 13 and the nearest tritium pipe 1 does not exceed 50% of the diameter of the tritium breeding section 13 , which is beneficial to the release and diffusion of tritium in the tritium breeding section 13 .

[0113] In some other embodiments, the tritium-producing layer group includes a second circulation structure, in which any arrangement and combination of the neutron multiplication layer 5, the tritium breeding layer 6 and the tritium breeding multiplication layer 7 arranged along the radial direction of the reactor are circulated multiple times. A partition 9 can be arranged between different layers. The shape and structure of the neutron multiplication layer 5 and the tritium breeding layer 6 refer to Example 1. This circulation structure has a high utilization rate of neutrons in the reactor.

[0114] It should be noted that the structure of the tritium multiplication layer 7 described in this embodiment is only preferred, and the structure of the tritium multiplication layer 7 is not limited to Figure 4 For example, the cross-sectional shape of the tritium multiplication portion 13 may be other shapes, or the tritium multiplication multiplication layer 7 may only include tritium multiplication multiplication material balls.

[0115] In some other embodiments, the tritium producing layer group can be configured as a combination of a tritium breeding multiplication layer 7 and a neutron multiplication layer 5 .

[0116] Specifically, the tritium multiplication layer 7 can be configured as a mixture of neutron multiplication material balls and tritium multiplication material balls. The tritium multiplication layer 7 can also include tritium multiplication material balls, the core of which has tritium multiplication material, and the shell of which has neutron multiplication material.

[0117] If the tritium multiplication layer 7 is a mixture of neutron multiplication material balls and tritium multiplication material balls, such as the structure of the tritium multiplication layer 7 recorded in this embodiment, the ratio of neutron multiplication material balls to tritium multiplication material balls is 2:1~8:1. The diameter of the neutron multiplication material balls, tritium multiplication material balls or tritium multiplication material balls is 0.1mm-10mm, and the filling rate is 40%-80%. Preferably, the diameter is 0.2mm-2mm, and the filling rate is 50%-70%. The effect of neutron multiplication and tritium multiplication is better.

[0118] In this embodiment, preferably, the irradiation product production layer 11 is not provided. Meanwhile, the neutron multiplication unit 12 is used as a neutron reflection layer, and the reflection layer or the moderation layer 10 may not be provided in the tritium production module system, thereby greatly simplifying the structure of the tritium production module system.

[0119] In addition, in order to take isotope production into consideration, no more than one half of the total amount of materials in the tritium breeding section 13 can be filled with isotope production materials.

[0120] In some other embodiments, an irradiation product production layer 11 or a reflection layer or a moderation layer 10 may also be provided in the tritium production module system described in this embodiment.

[0121] In summary, from the above description, it can be seen that the above two embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0122] 1. The tritium production module system is capable of increasing the flow rate of the tritium-containing medium in the tritium production module system by arranging a fluid acceleration device at the coolant inlet, so that the flow rate, pressure and density of the gas medium entering different structural layers of the tritium production module system are different, thereby enhancing the ability and efficiency of the gas medium to carry tritium. At the same time, the ultrasonic wave generated can remove the tritium deposited and attached to the flow channel wall and the tritium production module system, thereby reducing the sedimentation loss of tritium.

[0123] 2. The tritium production module system makes it easier for the tritium element to be released and diffused into the tritium pipeline from the tritium production module system by arranging the tritium pipeline into multiple layers and opening holes on the pipeline wall, and sets the number of holes. The tritium pipeline is connected and coordinated with the fluid acceleration device, so that the air flow rate of the tritium pipeline increases layer by layer from the outer layer to the inner layer, and the pressure decreases layer by layer, thereby further enhancing the efficiency of the release and diffusion of tritium from the tritium production area to the tritium pipeline.

[0124] 3. This tritium production module system can better realize the functions of neutron multiplication and production of tritium elements by setting up the structure of neutron multiplication layer, tritium proliferation layer or tritium proliferation multiplication layer, and improve the tritium production rate by allocating positions with different abundances of Li-6 and Li-7; using gas-cooled reactor to produce tritium, the radiation hazard of high core neutron leakage of gas-cooled reactor to reactor components and external personnel and equipment can be solved, and the thickness of reflective layer, moderation layer and external shielding body of gas-cooled reactor can be reduced.

[0125] 4. The tritium production module system sets a support structure and a first filter at the air inlet of the tritium production layer group to allow the gas medium to enter and prevent the material in the tritium production module system from leaking out; sets a second filter or filter membrane on the inner or outer side of the pipe wall of the tritium pipeline to prevent or reduce the material or dust in the tritium production layer group from entering the tritium pipeline, and also prevents the graphite dust and other impurities in the core from entering the tritium production module system.

[0126] 5. The tritium production module system is completely surrounded by the reactor in the circumferential direction and is composed of a certain number of tritium production sub-modules, so that the reactor can achieve the maximum tritium production effect. When a part of the tritium production sub-modules has problems, it is convenient to replace them, thereby ensuring the stability of the reactor's tritium production.

[0127] 6. The gas-cooled reactor proposed in this application can solve the radiation hazard of high-core neutron leakage of the gas-cooled reactor to reactor components and external personnel and equipment by arranging a tritium production module system outside the core to produce tritium elements, and can reduce the thickness of the gas-cooled reactor's reflective layer, moderation layer and external shielding body.

[0128] 7. The gas-cooled reactor proposed in the present application can improve the utilization rate of core neutrons in the gas-cooled reactor and improve the tritium production efficiency by setting a neutron regulation layer on both sides of the tritium production module system and between the core and the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer; by changing the structure of the neutron regulation layer, it can adapt to gas-cooled reactors of different types and states. Example

[0129] Based on Example 1 and Example 2, the present application also proposes a tritium system, such as Figure 5 As shown, the tritium system includes any one of the tritium production module systems in any one of the gas-cooled reactors 25 proposed in the above embodiment 1 and embodiment 2. The tritium system also includes a tritium fuel supply system 18, and the tritium production module system is connected to the tritium fuel supply system 18. The reactor coolant and tritium-containing medium in the tritium production module system are input into the tritium fuel supply system 18 to obtain tritium and / or helium-3 fuel and transport it to the fusion reactor 26.

[0130] It should be noted that, in the present application, the fusion reactor 26 here includes all fusion reactors and fusion-fission hybrid reactors that use tritium and / or helium-3 (He-3) as fusion fuel.

[0131] Specifically, the tritium fuel supply system 18 includes a tritium collection system 19 , a tritium processing and storage system 20 , and a tritium replenishment system 21 which are connected in sequence. The tritium collection system 19 is connected to the tritium production module system, and the tritium replenishment system 21 is connected to the fusion reactor 26 .

[0132] Furthermore, the tritium processing and storage system 20 includes: a tritium extraction system 22, a tritium purification and separation system 23, a tritium storage system 24 and a tritium monitoring system. The tritium monitoring system is respectively associated with the tritium extraction system 22, the tritium purification and separation system 23, and the tritium storage system 24 to monitor key equipment and facilities of each system.

[0133] The "association" here means that there is a physical connection, wireless communication connection or data transmission connection between the equipment in the tritium monitoring system and the equipment to be monitored in each subsystem of the tritium treatment storage system 20, so as to realize different monitoring functions.

[0134] Preferably, the coolant and tritium-containing medium in the tritium pipeline in the tritium production module system are processed by some auxiliary equipment and facilities in the tritium production module system and transported to the tritium fuel supply system 18. After being processed by the tritium collection system 19 or the tritium purification and separation system 23, the reactor coolant can be returned to the gas-cooled reactor for reuse, thereby improving economy.

[0135] The tritium collection system 19 includes: a tritium purification system, a tritium diversion system, a gas cooling and tritium conversion / catalysis system. The tritium replenishment system 21 includes: a feed pretreatment system and a tritium injection system. The tritium injection system injects tritium and / or helium-3 fuel into the fusion reactor 26.

[0136] In summary, from the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0137] The tritium system proposed in the present application can deliver tritium and / or helium-3 fuel to the fusion reactor by setting up a tritium fuel supply system connected to the tritium production module system, and collecting, processing, storing and transporting the tritium produced in the tritium production module system through the tritium fuel supply system, thereby solving the problem of tritium self-sustainability in the fusion reactor and laying the foundation for the establishment of a symbiotic / combined system between the gas-cooled reactor and the fusion reactor.

[0138] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tritium production module system is arranged inside a reactor, the tritium production module system has a multi-layer structure distributed along the radial direction of the reactor, the tritium production module system comprises a tritium production area and a circulation area, the tritium production area comprises tritium breeding materials, and the tritium breeding materials react with neutrons to produce tritium elements; The tritium producing module system is in fluid communication with an exterior of the tritium producing module system through the flow-through region; Features: The circulation area comprises a tritium pipe (1), wherein the tritium pipe (1) is used for the circulation of reactor coolant and tritium-containing medium, and the tritium pipe (1) extends along the axial direction of the reactor; A plurality of holes (2) are provided on the wall of the tritium pipeline (1), and the tritium pipeline (1) is fluidically connected to the tritium producing area through the holes (2).

2. The tritium production module system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tritium pipeline (1) is a multi-layer pipeline, and a plurality of holes (2) are provided on the wall of any layer of the multi-layer pipeline or any multi-layer pipeline.

3. The tritium production module system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tritium pipeline (1) is a 2-3 layer pipeline and the holes (2) are provided on the pipeline wall of each layer of the pipeline. From the outer layer to the inner layer of the tritium pipeline (1), the number of the holes (2) increases layer by layer.

4. The tritium production module system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The tritium production module system comprises a coolant inlet, wherein the coolant inlet comprises a fluid acceleration device (3), and the fluid acceleration device (3) is connected to the tritium pipeline (1).

5. The tritium production module system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fluid acceleration device (3) is a structure with a variable cross-sectional area, and comprises a contraction section, or a contraction section, a narrow throat section and an expansion section connected in sequence along the flow direction, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section changes from large to small along the flow direction, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the expansion section changes from small to large along the flow direction.

6. The tritium production module system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tritium production module system further comprises a cladding (4) and a tritium production layer group, wherein the cladding (4) is arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the reactor, the tritium production layer group is located between the claddings (4), the tritium production layer group comprises a tritium breeding layer (6) and / or a tritium breeding multiplication layer (7), and the tritium pipeline (1) is at least partially located within the tritium production layer group.

7. The tritium production module system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tritium-producing layer group comprises a neutron multiplying layer (5) and a tritium breeding layer (6) arranged along the radial direction of the reactor, the tritium breeding layer (6) being located outside the neutron multiplying layer (5), and the tritium pipeline (1) being at least partially located inside the tritium breeding layer (6).

8. The tritium production module system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tritium production module system further comprises a partition (9), wherein the partition (9) is located between different types of layers in the tritium production layer group; the tritium production module system further comprises an anti-tritium permeation layer, wherein the anti-tritium permeation layer is adjacent to the cladding (4) and adopts a low permeability structure, wherein the anti-tritium permeation layer comprises oxides and titanium-containing ceramics, wherein the oxides comprise one or more of the following substances: Cr2O3, Al2O3, TiO2.

9. The tritium production module system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tritium production module system further comprises a reflection layer or a moderator layer (10), wherein the material of the reflection layer or the moderator layer (10) comprises one or more of the following substances: graphite, boron carbide, silicon carbide or a beryllium-containing compound.

10. The tritium production module system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The tritium production module system further comprises an irradiation product production layer (11), the material of the irradiation product production layer (11) comprising one or more of the following substances: Np-237 and its compounds for producing Pu-238, Co-59 and its compounds for producing Co-60, and the partitions (9) are arranged on both sides of the irradiation product production layer (11).

11. The tritium production module system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The tritium production module system comprises the cladding (4), the tritium penetration prevention layer, the neutron multiplication layer (5), the partition (9), the tritium breeding layer (6), the partition (9), the irradiation product production layer (11), the partition (9), the reflection layer or the moderator layer (10), the tritium penetration prevention layer, and the cladding (4), which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the reactor.

12. The tritium production module system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tritium-producing layer group comprises a first circulation structure, in which the neutron multiplication layer (5) and the tritium breeding layer (6) arranged along the radial direction of the reactor circulate multiple times; Alternatively, the tritium-producing layer group comprises a second circulation structure, in which any arrangement and combination of the neutron multiplication layer (5), the tritium breeding layer (6) and the tritium breeding multiplication layer (7) arranged along the radial direction of the reactor circulates multiple times.

13. The tritium production module system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tritium-producing layer group comprises a tritium multiplication layer (7), the tritium multiplication layer (7) comprises a neutron multiplication section (12) and a cylindrical tritium multiplication section (13), a plurality of tritium multiplication sections (13) are evenly arranged in the neutron multiplication section (12), the volume ratio of the neutron multiplication section (12) to the tritium multiplication section (13) is in the range of 2:1 to 8:1, and the tritium pipes (1) are arranged in an array in the tritium multiplication section (13).

14. The tritium production module system according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that: The tritium production module system is in the shape of a circular column and completely surrounds the periphery of the core (14) of the reactor in the circumferential direction. The tritium production module system is composed of a plurality of tritium production sub-modules spliced ​​together in the circumferential direction. The number of the tritium production sub-modules is 4-24.

15. The tritium production module system according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that: The neutron multiplying layer (5) comprises a neutron multiplying material ball, wherein the neutron multiplying material ball contains a neutron multiplying material, and the neutron multiplying material comprises beryllium and a beryllium-containing compound; The tritium breeding layer (6) comprises a tritium breeding material ball, wherein the tritium breeding material ball contains the tritium breeding material, and the tritium breeding material comprises one or a mixture of several of the following substances: Li2O, Li2TiO3, LiAlO2, Li4SiO4, Li2ZrO3.

16. The tritium production module system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The tritium breeding multiplication layer (7) comprises the neutron multiplication material ball and the tritium breeding material ball; Alternatively, the tritium breeding multiplication layer (7) comprises a tritium breeding multiplication material sphere, the core part of the tritium breeding multiplication material sphere comprises the tritium breeding material, and the shell part of the tritium breeding multiplication material sphere comprises the neutron multiplication material.

17. The tritium production module system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The enrichment of Li-6 in the tritium breeder material is 7.5%-90%, the enrichment of Li-7 is 10%-92.5%, and the total enrichment of Li-6 and Li-7 is 100%; the tritium breeder material with a Li-7 enrichment of 50%-92.5% is arranged at a position close to the core (14), and the tritium breeder material with a Li-6 enrichment of 50%-90% is arranged at a position far from the core (14).

18. The tritium production module system according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that: The neutron multiplication layer (5), the tritium breeding layer (6) and the tritium breeding multiplication layer (7) all comprise a tritium producing layer group air inlet, and the tritium producing layer group air inlet is provided with a support structure and a first filter screen (8) for preventing material in the tritium producing layer group from leaking out.

19. The tritium production module system according to claim 18, characterized in that: A second filter screen or filter membrane is arranged on the inner side or the outer side of the wall of the tritium pipeline (1) to prevent the material in the tritium-producing layer group from entering the tritium pipeline (1).

20. A gas-cooled reactor, characterized in that: It comprises a tritium production module system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the tritium production module system is arranged at the periphery of the core (14) of the gas-cooled reactor (25), and the tritium production module system reacts with neutrons in the core (14) to produce tritium elements.

21. The gas-cooled reactor according to claim 20, characterized in that: The gas-cooled reactor (25) comprises a reactor core (14), a nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer (16) and a reactor pressure vessel (17) which are arranged radially from the inside to the outside, and the tritium production module system is located between the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer (16) and the reactor pressure vessel (17).

22. The gas-cooled reactor according to claim 21, characterized in that: The nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer (16) comprises a metal container or a shroud, and also comprises a fixed support member.

23. The gas-cooled reactor according to claim 21, characterized in that: The gas-cooled reactor (25) further comprises a neutron regulating layer, the neutron regulating layer comprising a first neutron regulating layer (15), a second neutron regulating layer and a third neutron regulating layer, the neutron regulating layer comprising a coolant flow channel and / or a neutron multiplication layer and / or a reflection layer and / or a moderator layer.

24. The gas-cooled reactor according to claim 23, characterized in that: The second neutron regulating layer is arranged between the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer (16) and the tritium production module system.

25. The gas-cooled reactor according to claim 23, characterized in that: The third neutron regulating layer is arranged between the reactor pressure vessel (17) and the tritium production module system.

26. The gas-cooled reactor according to claim 23, characterized in that: The first neutron regulating layer (15) is arranged between the core (14) and the nuclear fuel sealing isolation layer (16).

27. A tritium system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a tritium production module system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, and also comprises a tritium fuel supply system (18), wherein the tritium production module system is connected to the tritium fuel supply system (18), the reactor coolant and tritium-containing medium in the tritium production module system are input into the tritium fuel supply system (18) to obtain tritium and / or helium-3 fuel, and the tritium fuel and / or the helium-3 fuel are transported to a fusion reactor (26).

28. The tritium system of claim 27, wherein: The tritium fuel supply system (18) comprises a tritium collection system (19), a tritium processing and storage system (20), and a tritium replenishment system (21) which are connected in sequence; the tritium collection system (19) is connected to the tritium production module system, and the tritium replenishment system (21) is connected to the fusion reactor (26).

29. The tritium system according to claim 28, characterized in that: The tritium processing and storage system (20) comprises: a tritium extraction system (22), a tritium purification and separation system (23), a tritium storage system (24) and a tritium monitoring system. The tritium monitoring system is respectively associated with the tritium extraction system (22), the tritium purification and separation system (23) and the tritium storage system (24) to monitor the equipment and facilities of each system.

30. The tritium system of claim 28, wherein: The tritium collection system (19) comprises: a tritium purification system, a tritium diversion system, a gas cooling and tritium conversion / catalysis system.

31. The tritium system of claim 28, wherein: The tritium replenishment system (21) comprises: a feed pretreatment system and a tritium injection system.

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