A bio-coupled battery and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bio-coupling battery and a preparation method and application thereof. The bio-coupling battery comprises an electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module and a microbial electrochemical module; the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module is used for rapid charging, and the microbial electrochemical module is used for sustained discharge, so it has the characteristics of rapid charging and sustained discharge; an extractant is used in an extraction chamber in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module to extract the product of carbon dioxide reduction; the product of carbon dioxide reduction can be metabolized by the bioanode in the microbial electrochemical module to generate biocurrent; the biocurrent can be used as a way of energy recovery, and can also be further used as an electrical signal for water quality warning. Based on the present invention, a new multifunctional electrochemical microbial coupling technology platform can be developed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage and water environment protection, and in particular to a bio-coupled battery and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sustainability of economic and social development is one of the most important issues at present. In order to cope with the problem of global warming, people are looking for renewable energy to replace fossil fuels. In this regard, energy storage technology and equipment play a vital role to solve the problem that the production and consumption of renewable energy are inconsistent in time and space. Among various energy storage media, small molecule organic acids (such as formic acid) have attracted people's attention. It is not only safer than hydrogen (H2), but also has a unique ability to capture and store carbon dioxide (CO2).

[0003] To achieve energy storage, a variety of technologies can be used to produce small molecule organic acids. However, we all know that there are limitations in the manufacture and application of chemical catalysts, such as heavy reliance on precious metals and the need for extreme reaction conditions. Therefore, in order to reduce costs and improve selectivity, researchers have begun to explore microbial catalysts. However, current microbial catalytic processes still face some challenges, such as low conversion rates and poor stability. Therefore, one of the recent focuses is the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) technology performed at room temperature and pressure. CO2RR can convert CO2 into small molecule organic acids using electrochemical catalysts under mild conditions. Using a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) to overcome the gas-liquid mass transfer limitation is a key technology of CO2RR, which can achieve high-rate reduction of CO2 to produce small molecule organic acids. This means that when we apply CO2RR electrolyzers containing GDEs to energy storage, we can expect to achieve ultra-fast charging (conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy). Typically, small molecule organic acids produced by CO2RR are dissolved in highly concentrated salt solutions (such as 1 M KOH or KHCO3). Small molecule organic acids dissolved in high-concentration salt solutions cannot be utilized by conventional microorganisms, which greatly limits the development of electrochemical microbial coupling technology based on CO2RR.

[0004] To achieve energy recovery, the small molecule organic acids obtained by CO2RR can be used as energy carriers and directly used in fuel cells to generate electricity. More interestingly, many microorganisms can use these small molecule organic acids as carbon sources and energy sources. In fact, in microbial electrochemical reactors, small molecule organic acids are often used as substrates for electrochemically active microorganisms (EAB). Compared with the power consumption process of the CO2RR electrolysis cell, the power and current density of the discharge process of the microbial electrochemical reactor are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower. In other words, the use of microbial electrochemical reactors to generate biocurrent using small molecule organic acids as substrates can achieve long-term discharge (chemical energy is converted into electrical energy). In fact, the biocurrent generated by microbial electrochemical reactors can be used in specific scenarios, which are not possible with chemical fuel cells. For example, microbial electrochemical sensors can track the electron transfer process between EAB and electrodes under the stress of toxic substances, characterize the bioavailable concentration of toxic substances in water bodies and their biological reactions by analyzing electrical signals, and realize water quality early warning. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bio-coupled battery and its preparation method and application in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. Specifically, the bio-coupled battery includes an electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module and a microbial electrochemical module; the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module is used for rapid charging, and the microbial electrochemical module is used for sustained discharge, so it has the characteristics of rapid charging and sustained discharge; the extraction chamber in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module uses an extractant to extract the small molecule organic acid product of carbon dioxide reduction; the extractant carrying the small molecule organic acid is directly introduced into the above-mentioned microbial electrochemical module; the product of carbon dioxide reduction can be metabolized by the biological anode in the microbial electrochemical module to generate bioelectric current; the bioelectric current can be used as a way of energy recovery, and can also be further used as an electrical signal for water quality warning; when the monitored water sample is added to the microbial electrochemical reaction solution of the microbial electrochemical module, the electrical signal can be used for water quality warning. The present invention provides a bio-coupled battery with rapid charging and sustained discharge, and its application in energy storage and water quality warning. Based on the present invention, a new multifunctional electrochemical microbial coupling technology platform can be developed.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a bio-coupled battery, comprising:

[0007] Electrochemical CO2 reduction module;

[0008] The anode and cathode are arranged in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module, and the cathode is a gas diffusion electrode; the preparation method of the gas diffusion electrode is: coating a catalyst having the function of reducing CO2 to produce small molecule organic acid on hydrophobic carbon paper or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material. In the present invention, the gas diffusion electrode is prepared by coating commercial nano bismuth on commercial hydrophobic carbon paper, and its target small molecule organic acid is formic acid. The anode can catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction under acidic conditions. In the present invention, the anode uses platinum-coated titanium felt.

[0009] An extraction chamber is arranged between the anode and the cathode; the extraction chamber is composed of a pair of cation exchange membranes and a cathode exchange membrane, and the extraction chamber is filled with ion exchange resin; an extractant is used in the extraction chamber to extract the product of carbon dioxide reduction; the ion exchange resin can be a strongly acidic cation exchange resin, a strongly basic anion exchange resin, or a mixture of the two. In the present invention, a strongly acidic cation exchange resin is used in the extraction chamber. The extractant can be an inert gas (such as nitrogen, argon, etc.) or a low-salinity solution. In the present invention, pure water is used as the extractant.

[0010] A cathode chamber is provided between the cathode and the extraction chamber; a cathode liquid is passed through the cathode chamber; an anode chamber is also provided between the anode and the extraction chamber; an anode liquid is passed through the anode chamber; the cathode liquid is a liquid that can only introduce OH - ,CO3 2- , HCO3 - In the present invention, the cathode liquid adopts 0.5 M, 1 M and 3 M KOH solution, preferably 1 M KOH solution. The anode liquid can only introduce H + This is a large amount of cations. In the present invention, the anolyte is 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.

[0011] Microbial electrochemical module;

[0012] The bioanode and chemical cathode are arranged in the microbial electrochemical module, and the microbial electrochemical reaction solution is used in the microbial electrochemical module; the bioanode can metabolize the product of carbon dioxide reduction and generate bioelectric current; the chemical cathode has the function of catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction. In the present invention, the chemical cathode adopts a platinum / carbon electrode.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the product of the carbon dioxide reduction is a small molecule organic acid.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bio-coupled battery uses an electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module for rapid charging and a microbial electrochemical module for sustained discharge, thus having the characteristics of rapid charging and sustained discharge.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the charging and discharging process is as follows: voltage is applied to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through a DC power supply; the product of carbon dioxide reduction migrates to an extraction chamber, and an extractant is used to extract the product of carbon dioxide reduction; the extractant carrying the product of carbon dioxide reduction is directly passed into the microbial electrochemical module; the product of carbon dioxide reduction can be metabolized by the biological anode in the microbial electrochemical module to generate biocurrent; the biocurrent can be used as a way of energy recovery, or as an electrical signal for water quality warning: when the monitored water sample is added to the microbial electrochemical reaction solution of the microbial electrochemical module, the generated biocurrent can be used as an electrical signal for water quality warning and can be used for water quality warning.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the bio-coupled battery as described above.

[0017] The bio-coupled battery includes an electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module and a microbial electrochemical module.

[0018] An electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module preform is provided; the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module preform comprises an anode and a cathode, the cathode being a gas diffusion electrode; an extraction chamber arranged between the anode and the cathode; the extraction chamber is composed of a pair of cation exchange membranes and a cathode exchange membrane, and the extraction chamber is filled with ion exchange resin; an extractant is used in the extraction chamber to extract the product of carbon dioxide reduction; a cathode chamber is arranged between the cathode and the extraction chamber; a cathode liquid is filled in the cathode chamber; an anode chamber is also provided between the anode and the extraction chamber; an anode liquid is passed through the anode chamber; an anode liquid, a cathode liquid, and an extractant are provided;

[0019] A microbial electrochemical module preform is provided, and a microbial electrochemical reaction solution is provided. The microbial electrochemical reaction solution includes a biological electrode solution and an inoculum.

[0020] Provide a bioelectrode chamber solution, the bioelectrode chamber solution includes a bioelectrode solution and an inoculum; the bioelectrode solution provides necessary nutrients for the growth of microorganisms, such as an artificially configured solution containing N, P, K, trace elements, vitamins, etc.; the inoculum can be activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, or it can be the effluent of a microbial fuel cell that metabolizes small molecule organic acids to produce electricity for a long time. In the present invention, the effluent of a microbial fuel cell that metabolizes small molecule organic acids to produce electricity for a long time is used as an inoculum to prepare a bioanode, the inoculation amount is 10%, and a biological culture medium containing 50 M formate is added and operated for 48 days, and the anode biofilm gradually matures, and the judgment basis is that the output current gradually stabilizes.

[0021] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned biological coupling battery, which is applied to energy storage and water quality warning. First, a voltage is applied to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through a direct current power supply, and the electric energy is stored in the form of reducing carbon dioxide to produce small molecular organic acids; the small molecular organic acids migrate to the extraction chamber under the action of the electric field and are taken out of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module by the extractant; the extractant carrying the small molecular organic acids is directly introduced into the above-mentioned microbial electrochemical module; the biological anode and the chemical cathode of the microbial electrochemical module preform are electrically connected; the biological anode metabolizes the small molecular organic acids therein and generates bioelectric current; the bioelectric current can be used as a way of energy recovery, and can also be further used as an electrical signal for water quality warning; when the monitored water sample is added to the microbial electrochemical reaction solution of the microbial electrochemical module, the electrical signal change of the microbial electrochemical module is analyzed by an electrical signal recording device to perform water quality warning; if the monitored water sample is not toxic, the electrical signal is smooth; if the monitored water sample is toxic, it will cause a sharp change in the electrical signal, triggering a water quality warning signal. By controlling the time for the extractant to be introduced into the microbial electrochemical module, the initial concentration of the small molecule organic acid in the microbial electrochemical module can be controlled, thereby controlling the discharge time of the microbial electrochemical module. In the present invention, the time for the extractant to be introduced into the microbial electrochemical module is set to 1 min, 2 min and 3 min, preferably 3 min.

[0022] The biological anode and the chemical cathode are electrically connected in series by connecting a small electrical appliance, such as a fixed value resistor, a light bulb, etc. In the present invention, the electrical connection adopts a fixed value resistor (1000 ohms).

[0023] The DC power source includes a power source that directly outputs DC power, such as a dry cell, a battery test system, and an electrochemical workstation. The power supply mode can use a constant voltage mode or a constant current mode. In the present invention, a battery test system is used to apply a voltage of 3.5 V, 4 V, or 4.5 V, preferably 4 V, to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module in a constant voltage manner.

[0024] The electric signal recording device includes a manual electric signal recording device, such as an ohmmeter, and an automatic electric signal recording device, such as a data acquisition system, a battery testing system, and an electrochemical workstation, etc. In the present invention, the battery testing system is used for automatic recording.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention provides a bio-coupled battery and its preparation method and application. Specifically, the bio-coupled battery includes an electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module and a microbial electrochemical module; the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module is used for rapid charging, and the microbial electrochemical module is used for sustained discharge, so it has the characteristics of rapid charging and sustained discharge; the extraction chamber in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module uses an extractant to extract the small molecule organic acid product of carbon dioxide reduction; the extractant carrying the small molecule organic acid is directly introduced into the above-mentioned microbial electrochemical module; the product of carbon dioxide reduction can be metabolized by the biological anode in the microbial electrochemical module to generate bioelectric current; the bioelectric current can be used as a way of energy recovery, and can also be further used as an electrical signal for water quality warning; when the monitored water sample is added to the microbial electrochemical reaction solution of the microbial electrochemical module, the electrical signal can be used for water quality warning. The present invention provides a bio-coupled battery with rapid charging and sustained discharge, and its application in energy storage and water quality warning. Based on the present invention, a new multifunctional electrochemical microbial coupling technology platform can be developed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a bio-coupled battery based on electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction and microbial electrochemical principles in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the current change when a voltage is applied to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module by a DC power supply in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage change of the microbial electrochemical module when the time for the extractant carrying small molecule organic acid to be directly introduced into the microbial electrochemical module is set to 1 min, 2 min and 3 min respectively in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the change of current signal for water quality early warning using a microbial electrochemical module in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-gas diffusion electrode; 2-cathode liquid; 3-anion exchange membrane; 4-ion exchange resin; 5-cation exchange membrane; 6-anode; 7-bioanode; 8-chemical cathode; 9-electrical signal; 10-battery test system; 11-extractant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 1 , the structure of a bio-coupled battery based on electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction and microbial electrochemical principles in a specific embodiment of the present invention is described, which includes:

[0034] Electrochemical CO2 reduction module;

[0035] The anode 6 and cathode (gas diffusion electrode) 1 are arranged in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module; in the present invention, the cathode (gas diffusion electrode) 1 is prepared by coating commercial nano-bismuth on commercial hydrophobic carbon paper. In the present invention, the anode 6 is made of platinum-plated titanium felt.

[0036] The extraction chamber is arranged between the anode and the cathode; the extraction chamber is composed of a pair of cation exchange membranes 5 and a cathode exchange membrane 3, and the extraction chamber is filled with an ion exchange resin 4; the extraction chamber uses an extractant 11 to extract the product of carbon dioxide reduction; in the present invention, a strong acid cation exchange resin is used. In the present invention, pure water is used as the extractant.

[0037] A cathode chamber is arranged between the cathode and the extraction chamber; a cathode liquid 2 is passed through the cathode chamber; and an anolyte is passed through the anode chamber. In the present invention, the cathode liquid adopts 0.5 M, 1 M and 3 M KOH solutions, preferably 1 M KOH solution. In the present invention, the anolyte adopts 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. By adjusting the volume of the cathode liquid, the distribution of small molecule organic acids in the above solution can be adjusted. The volume of the anolyte can affect the operating stability. The preferred anolyte (100 mL 0.5 M H2SO4) and cathode liquid (10 mL1 M KOH).

[0038] Microbial electrochemical module;

[0039] The bioanode 7 and the chemical cathode 8 are arranged in the microbial electrochemical module; in the present invention, the chemical cathode adopts a platinum / carbon electrode.

[0040] First, a voltage is applied to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through a DC power supply, and the electrical energy is stored in the form of reducing carbon dioxide to produce small molecule organic acids; in the present invention, the DC power supply is a battery testing system 10, and the changes in the electrical signal 9 of the microbial electrochemical module are analyzed by an electrical signal recording device to provide a water quality warning.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 2, the current change when a voltage is applied to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module by a DC power supply in a specific embodiment of the present invention is described. First, a voltage of 4 V is applied to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module by a DC power supply (battery test system), and the electric energy is stored in the form of reducing carbon dioxide to produce small molecule organic acids; the reduction of carbon dioxide to produce small molecule organic acids requires the consumption of electrons, so the current change in the external circuit can be observed. In each cycle, during the process of applying a voltage of 4 V, the small molecule organic acid migrates to the extraction chamber under the action of the electric field and is taken out of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module by the extractant; the extractant carrying the small molecule organic acid is directly passed into the above-mentioned microbial electrochemical module; the number of microbial electrochemical modules and the time (1 min, 2 min or 3 min) of connection with the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through the extractant are required. Considering the switching of the operating steps, the time for applying a voltage of 4 V to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module in each cycle exceeds 1 hour. The time for the microbial electrochemical module to be connected to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through the extractant is defined as the charging time, which is 1 to 3 min. Then, the applied voltage of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module is disconnected, and the current is 0 mA at this time. The number of cycles in this embodiment is 9. The current dropped from more than 250 mA in the first cycle to 156 mA in the fifth cycle, and further dropped to 91 mA in the ninth cycle. The operation time of the electrochemical CO2 reduction module was 164 h, of which the working time (the total time of applying 4 V voltage in 9 cycles) was 12.6 h. Correspondingly, the formate concentration of the extract effluent dropped from 202 mM in the first cycle to 65 mM in the ninth cycle.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 3 In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the extractant carrying small molecule organic acid is directly introduced into the above-mentioned microbial electrochemical module for 1 min, 2 min and 3 min respectively, the voltage change of the microbial electrochemical module is described.

[0045] A 1000 Ω resistor was connected between the chemical cathode and the biological anode of the microbial electrochemical module. The specific composition of the biological electrode solution was: K2HPO4, 2.6 g L -1 ; KH2PO4, 4.4 g L -1 ; NH4Cl, 0.31 g L -1 ; MgCl2•6H2O, 0.2 g L -1 ; Na2SO4, 0.05 g L -1; Trace elements, 12.5 mL; Vitamin solution, 5 mL. The voltage across the 1000Ω resistor was collected using a battery test system until the voltage was stable and repeatable, indicating that the bioanode was ready.

[0046] The chemical cathode was prepared by coating platinum / carbon on a commercial waterproof and breathable membrane.

[0047] The prepared bioanode and chemical cathode are transferred to the microbial electrochemical module. When the voltage of the microbial electrochemical module drops to near 0 mV, the extractant containing small molecule organic acid is directly introduced into the above-mentioned microbial electrochemical module at a fixed flow rate. The time for controlling the microbial electrochemical module to be connected to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through the extractant is 1 min, 2 min and 3 min respectively. Therefore, the initial concentration of small molecule organic acid in the microbial electrochemical module is different, and the current signal output of the microbial electrochemical module is recorded. It can be found that in the present invention, the biocoupled battery based on the principles of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction and microbial electrochemistry exhibits the characteristics of fast charging and long-lasting discharge; for example, the microbial electrochemical module is charged for only 3 min using the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module (that is, the time for controlling the microbial electrochemical module to be connected to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through the extractant is 3 min), and the discharge process is as long as 25 hours.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 4 , the change of the current signal of water quality warning using a microbial electrochemical module in a specific embodiment of the present invention is described. When the output voltage of the microbial electrochemical module reaches a stable state, a formaldehyde solution is added to the microbial electrochemical module according to a certain volume ratio. When a toxic substance is injected, it is found that the unitized current signal decreases, that is, the most readable electrical signal change is generated. For example, after exposure to 0.1% formaldehyde for 30 min, the inhibition rate reaches 9.3%.

[0050] Although the present invention has been described in detail, modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the above description is intended only as an example and is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. Any changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention, as long as the resulting functions do not exceed the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-coupled battery, characterized in that: include: Electrochemical CO2 reduction module; An anode and a cathode are arranged in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module, and the cathode is a gas diffusion electrode; An extraction chamber is arranged between the anode and the cathode; the extraction chamber is composed of a pair of cation exchange membranes and a cathode exchange membrane, and the extraction chamber is filled with ion exchange resin; an extractant is used in the extraction chamber to extract the product of carbon dioxide reduction; A cathode chamber is arranged between the cathode and the extraction chamber; a cathode liquid flows through the cathode chamber; Microbial electrochemical module; A biological anode and a chemical cathode are arranged in the microbial electrochemical module, wherein the biological anode can metabolize the product of carbon dioxide reduction and generate bioelectric current; and the chemical cathode catalyzes the oxygen reduction reaction; The microbial electrochemical reaction solution is used in the microbial electrochemical module; The bio-coupled battery uses an electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module for rapid charging and a microbial electrochemical module for sustained discharge, so it has the characteristics of rapid charging and sustained discharge; The product of the carbon dioxide reduction is a small molecule organic acid.

2. A bio-coupled battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging and discharging process is as follows: voltage is applied to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through a direct current power supply; the product of carbon dioxide reduction migrates to the extraction chamber, and an extractant is used to extract the product of carbon dioxide reduction; the extractant carrying the product of carbon dioxide reduction is directly introduced into the microbial electrochemical module; the product of carbon dioxide reduction can be metabolized by the biological anode in the microbial electrochemical module to generate biocurrent; the biocurrent can be used as a way of energy recovery, or as an electrical signal for water quality warning: when the monitored water sample is added to the microbial electrochemical reaction solution of the microbial electrochemical module, the generated biocurrent can be used as an electrical signal for water quality warning and can be used for water quality warning.

3. A method for preparing a bio-coupled battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: An electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module preform is provided; the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module preform comprises an anode and a cathode, the cathode being a gas diffusion electrode; an extraction chamber arranged between the anode and the cathode; the extraction chamber is composed of a pair of cation exchange membranes and a cathode exchange membrane, and the extraction chamber is filled with ion exchange resin; an extractant is used in the extraction chamber to extract the product of carbon dioxide reduction; a cathode chamber is arranged between the cathode and the extraction chamber; a cathode liquid is filled in the cathode chamber; an anode liquid, a cathode liquid, and an extractant are provided; A microbial electrochemical module preform is provided, and a microbial electrochemical reaction solution is provided. The microbial electrochemical reaction solution includes a biological electrode solution and an inoculum.

4. An application of the bio-coupled battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, applied to energy storage and water quality warning, characterized in that: First, a voltage is applied to the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module through a DC power supply to reduce carbon dioxide and produce small molecule organic acids, that is, electrical energy is stored in the form of chemical energy; the small molecule organic acid migrates across the anion exchange membrane to the extraction chamber under the action of the electric field and is taken out of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction module by the extractant; An extractant carrying small molecule organic acid is directly introduced into the microbial electrochemical module; the bioanode and chemical cathode of the microbial electrochemical module preform are electrically connected; the bioanode metabolizes the small molecule organic acid therein and generates bioelectric current; the bioelectric current can be used as a way of energy recovery, or as an electrical signal for water quality early warning: when the monitored water sample is added to the microbial electrochemical reaction solution of the microbial electrochemical module, the electrical signal change of the microbial electrochemical module is recorded by electrical signal to give a water quality early warning; if the monitored water sample is not toxic, the electrical signal is smooth; if the monitored water sample is toxic, it will cause a sharp change in the electrical signal, triggering a water quality early warning signal.

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