A mining method for intra-vein accurate segmented empty field unit recovery and subsequent filling

Abstract

The present application discloses a method for mining intra-vein accurate segmented empty field unit recovery and subsequent filling mining; it relates to the field of mining technology, and comprises the following steps: step one: conduct secondary delineation; step two: divide the thick and large ore body delineated by the second step into ore blocks, and divide the ore blocks into two-step stopes; step three: divide the two-step stopes into a number of unit stopes, and leave pillars of a certain thickness between the stope units; divide the middle section of the unit stope into a number of sections; step four: excavate a ramp in the surrounding rock of the lower plate of the ore body to connect the upper and lower middle sections of the ore body; excavate a connecting tunnel and a segmented horizontal tunnel; excavate a rock drilling tunnel in the middle section of the stope transport tunnel and the segmented horizontal tunnel respectively; and excavate a mine exit route in the middle section of the stope bottom; step five: excavate a plurality of ore chutes beside the rock drilling tunnel; the recovery efficiency and safety of the thick and broken ore body are improved, and the mining ratio is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a method for mining intra-vein segmented empty field units with subsequent backfilling. Background Art

[0002] The mining methods for thick and large broken ore bodies with poor surrounding rock stability are mainly layered filling method and segmented empty site subsequent filling method.

[0003] The layered filling method is highly adaptable, and the segmented tunnels can be flexibly adjusted, but the mining volume is large and the mining cost is high. It is suitable for mining thick and high-value ores. The conventional segmented empty field and subsequent filling method has a relatively low mining cost, but because the surrounding rock of the ore body is unstable, in order to effectively control the exposed area of ​​the mine roof and reduce the safety risks of workers and equipment operations, the top of the mine is first mined by the layered filling method or the roof is supported by high-strength support such as anchor grouting. After the environment is reconstructed, the lower ore body is mined, resulting in complex mining processes, low production efficiency, and high ore loss rate. Moreover, all mining projects of these two mining methods are arranged in the surrounding rock, and the surrounding rock crushing makes the construction difficult and the excavation efficiency low. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to efficiently mine thick and broken ore bodies with poor surrounding rock stability, the present application provides a method for intra-vein mining, segmented empty-field unit recovery and subsequent backfilling.

[0005] The present application provides a method for mining with intra-vein accurate segmented empty field unit recovery and subsequent filling, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for mining by subdividing and filling the empty field unit in a vein, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Secondary delineation of the ore body contour;

[0008] Step 2: Divide the thick and large ore body delineated for the second time into ore blocks perpendicular to the ore body strike direction, and divide the ore blocks into two-step stopes;

[0009] Step 3: Divide the two-step stope into several unit stopes along its length, and leave pillars of a certain thickness between the stope units; divide the middle section of the unit stope into several sections according to a certain height;

[0010] Step 4: Dig a ramp in the surrounding rock of the lower plate of the ore body to connect the upper and lower middle sections of the ore body; dig a connecting tunnel and a sub-level tunnel; dig a rock drilling tunnel in the middle section of the stope transport tunnel and sub-level tunnel respectively; and dig a mine exit road in the middle section of the stope bottom;

[0011] Step 5: dig multiple chute shafts that are spaced apart and connect the upper and lower middle sections beside the rock drilling tunnel, and the chute shafts are arranged in the ore body;

[0012] Step 6: Carry out blasting mining and backfilling in stages, and use the chute to mine out.

[0013] Furthermore, step two is specifically to divide the ore body into blocks along the direction perpendicular to the ore body. The block height can reach 40 to 50 meters, and the middle section is divided into 4 to 5 sections. The section height is generally 8 to 10 meters. The block structure parameters are determined according to the stability of the ore rock. The block length is generally 15 to 30 meters, and the block width is 20 to 25 meters.

[0014] Furthermore, step three is specifically to divide the ore block into a one-step mining area and a two-step mining area along the width direction. The width of the one-step mining area is smaller than that of the two-step mining area. The width of the one-step mining area is 10-12m, and the width of the two-step mining area is 12-14m. The two-step mining area is divided into a unit every 10m or so along the length direction, and pillars of a certain thickness are left between the units. The width of the pillars is generally 3-5m.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 4, connecting tunnels and segmented horizontal tunnels are excavated every 8 to 10 meters in the vertical direction of the ramp. The segmented horizontal tunnels are located at the junction of the ore body and the surrounding rock of the lower wall, on the inner side of the ore body.

[0016] Furthermore, in step four, a drilling tunnel is excavated in the middle transport tunnel and section level tunnel of the mining area for every width of the mining area. The drilling tunnel is located in the middle of the mining area, and an exit route is excavated from the second-step mining area drilling tunnel to the first-step mining area drilling tunnel in the middle of the bottom of the mining area. The exit routes are generally arranged every 10 to 15 meters.

[0017] Furthermore, step five is specifically to dig a chute connecting the upper and lower middle sections beside the rock drilling tunnel every 100 to 120 meters. The chute is arranged in the ore body as a passage for mining in the upper and lower middle sections.

[0018] Furthermore, step six is ​​specifically as follows: the mining of the stope is carried out in two steps, firstly, the unit stope of the first step is mined; densely arranged upward parallel blastholes and upward fan-shaped blastholes are constructed in the rock drilling tunnel near the upper wall of the ore body, and a cutting groove is formed by blasting at one time; then upward fan-shaped blastholes are constructed upward in the rock drilling tunnel, and the ore of the stope is blasted by using the cutting groove space formed after blasting, and the ore collapsed by the blasting is shoveled and transported to the chute by a shovel loader in the mine access road;

[0019] After all the ore in the entire unit mine is mined, the empty area of ​​the unit mine is filled from the upper and middle filling connecting tunnels; the adjacent unit mine is cut and mined in the same way, and the remaining pillars are mined at the same time as the unit mine.

[0020] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] The mining area is divided into several units along the length direction, and mining preparation projects such as segmentation projects are arranged inside the ore body. This solves the problems of large mining ratio and low production efficiency of the layered filling method and segmented empty field subsequent filling method for thick and large broken ore bodies with poor surrounding rock stability, as well as the difficulty of constructing mining preparation projects due to surrounding rock crushing. It improves the recovery efficiency and safety of thick and large broken ore bodies and reduces the mining ratio. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a typical scheme diagram of a mining method for intra-vein mining, segmented empty field unit recovery and subsequent filling in the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Section Ⅰ-Ⅰ in the figure.

[0024] Description of reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Pillars; 2. Ramp; 3. Connecting tunnels; 4. Sectional level tunnels; 5. Rock drilling tunnels; 6. Mine access roads; 7. Ore chute; 8. Upper and middle filling connecting tunnels; 9. Middle section transport tunnels; 10. Medium and deep hole blast holes; 11. Collapsed ore. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is combined with Figure 1-2 This application is described in further detail.

[0027] The present application discloses a method for mining intra-vein accurate segmented empty field unit recovery and subsequent filling, which comprises the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Use geological drilling to conduct secondary delineation of the ore body contour.

[0029] Step 2: Divide the secondary delineated ore body into blocks in the direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The block height can reach 40-50m. The middle section is divided into 4-5 sections, and the section height is generally 8-10m. The block structure parameters are determined according to the stability of the ore rock. The length of the block is generally 15-30m, and the width of the block is 20-25m. Divide the block into two-step stopes along the width direction. The width of the first-step stope is smaller than that of the second-step stope. The width of the first-step stope is 10-12m, and the width of the second-step stope is 12-14m.

[0030] Step 3: The two-step mining area is divided into a unit mining area every 10m or so along the length direction. Pillars of a certain thickness are left between the unit mining areas, and the width of the pillars is generally 3 to 5m.

[0031] Step 4: Dig a ramp in the surrounding rock of the lower plate of the ore body to connect the upper and lower middle sections. Dig connecting tunnels and segmented horizontal tunnels every 8 to 10 meters in the vertical direction of the ramp. The segmented horizontal tunnel is located inside the ore body at the junction of the ore body and the surrounding rock of the lower plate. Dig a rock drilling tunnel in the middle section of the mine for every width of the mine. The rock drilling tunnel is located in the middle of the mine, and dig an exit road from the second-step mine drilling tunnel to the first-step mine drilling tunnel in the middle section of the mine bottom. The exit road is generally arranged every 10 to 15 meters.

[0032] Step 5: dig a chute 7 through the upper and lower middle sections beside the rock drilling tunnel every 100 to 120 meters. The chute is arranged in the ore body as a passage for mining in the upper and lower middle sections.

[0033] Step 6: The mining of the stope is carried out in two steps. First, the first step is to mine the unit stope. Dense upward parallel blastholes and upward fan-shaped blastholes are constructed in the rock drilling tunnel near the upper wall of the ore body, and a cutting groove is formed by blasting. Then, upward fan-shaped blastholes are constructed upward in the rock drilling tunnel, and the ore in the stope is blasted using the cutting groove space formed after blasting, and the ore is mined as a unit stope.

[0034] The ore that collapsed due to the blasting is shoveled to the chute in the mine entrance by a shovel loader. After all the ore in the entire unit mine is mined, the empty area of ​​the unit mine is filled from the upper and middle filling connecting tunnels; the adjacent unit mine is cut and mined in the same way, and the reserved pillars are mined at the same time as the unit mine.

[0035] In the above implementation mode, the mining field is divided into several units along the length direction, and the mining preparation projects such as the segmentation project are arranged inside the ore body, thereby solving the problems of large mining ratio and low production efficiency of the layered filling method and the segmented empty field subsequent filling method for thick and large broken ore bodies with poor surrounding rock stability, as well as the difficulty of constructing the mining preparation project due to the surrounding rock crushing. The mining efficiency and safety of the thick and large broken ore bodies are improved, and the mining ratio is reduced.

[0036] In some implementation examples, the length of the unit stope can reach 12 to 16 m, and the width of the intermediate pillars can reach 5 to 8 m.

[0037] In some implementation examples, in order to reduce the exposed area of ​​the upper wall surrounding rock, the unit stope is filled after 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the segments are mined.

[0038] In some implementation examples, due to the gentle inclination of the ore body, in order to arrange a 90° chute, some sections of the shaft are arranged in the surrounding rock.

[0039] The following is a specific example of the above-mentioned intra-vein mining method of subdivided empty field unit recovery and subsequent filling mining:

[0040] A copper mine in Jiangxi Province has an ore body with an inclination of 35° to 40°, a thickness of 20m to 35m, and an average Cu grade of 0.97%. It is an inclined, thick ore body with poor stability of the ore body and surrounding rock.

[0041] (1) Due to the large mining height and the layout of the segmented horizontal tunnels within the vein, it is necessary to strengthen the production exploration of the ore body based on the original geological data and use geological drilling to conduct secondary delineation of the ore body contour.

[0042] (2) The secondary delineated ore body is divided into blocks in the direction perpendicular to the ore body strike. The block height is 45m, and the middle section is divided into 4 sections. The section height is 10m, and a 5m top column is reserved. The block length is 30m and the block width is 22m.

[0043] (3) The ore block is divided into two-step stopes along the width direction. The width of the first-step stope is 10m, and the width of the second-step stope is 12m. The length of the unit stope is 10m, and the width of the pillar is 4m.

[0044] (4) A ramp is excavated in the surrounding rock of the lower plate of the ore body to connect the upper and lower middle sections, and the slope of the ramp shall not exceed the maximum allowable slope of 15%. A connecting tunnel and a segmented horizontal tunnel are excavated every 10m in the vertical direction of the ramp. The segmented horizontal tunnel is located inside the ore body at the junction of the ore body and the lower plate surrounding rock. A drilling tunnel is excavated every 10m and 12m in the middle section of the mine transport tunnel and segmented horizontal tunnel respectively, and an exit route is excavated from the second step mine drilling tunnel to the first step mine drilling tunnel in the middle section of the mine bottom. One exit route is arranged every 12m, for a total of two.

[0045] (5) Every 100m, a chute is excavated next to the rock drilling tunnel to connect the upper and lower middle sections. The net cross-section of the mining project is 3.0m×3.0m, and the mining project adopts shotcrete support.

[0046] (6) The mining of the stope is carried out in two steps. First, the first step is to mine the unit stope. The order of mining in the stope is to retreat from one side to the other. First, construct upward parallel blastholes and upward fan-shaped blastholes in the rock drilling tunnel near the upper wall of the ore body, and form a cutting groove by blasting at one time. Then, construct upward fan-shaped blastholes upward in the rock drilling tunnel, and use the cutting groove space formed after blasting to blast the ore in the stope. The ore that has collapsed due to the blasting is shoveled to the chute by a shovel loader in the mine access road. After all the ore in the entire unit stope is mined, the filling connection tunnel from the upper middle section is used to fill the empty area of ​​the unit stope. The next unit stope is cut and mined in the same way. When constructing the upward blastholes in the cutting groove, the reserved pillars are used to construct upward inclined holes, and blasted and mined together with the cutting groove.

[0047] Achievements: Compared with the layered filling method and the conventional segmented open-pit subsequent filling method, the ore mining ratio was reduced from 13.68m / kt to 9.6m / kt, the ore recovery rate was increased from 88% to 90%, the stope production capacity was increased from 110t / d to 155t / d, the mining engineering excavation efficiency was increased from 50m / month to 65m / month, and the support cost was reduced from 2,000 yuan / m to 1,650 yuan / m, achieving the purpose of improving production efficiency and safety. This method innovatively solves the problem of difficulty and low efficiency in mining of inclined thick ore bodies with poor stability of ore bodies and surrounding rocks.

[0048] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for mining by subdividing and then filling the open area unit in veins, Features: The steps include: Step 1: Secondary delineation of the ore body contour; Step 2: Divide the thick and large ore body delineated for the second time into blocks along the direction perpendicular to the ore body. The block height is 40-50m. The middle section is divided into 4-5 sections with a section height of 8-10m. The block structure parameters are determined according to the stability of the ore rock. The block length is 15-30m and the block width is 22-25m. The block is divided into two-step stopes. Step 3: Divide the ore block into one-step stope and two-step stope along the width direction. The width of the one-step stope is 10~12m, and the width of the two-step stope is 12~14m. The two-step stope is divided into a unit stope every 10m or so along the length direction, and pillars with a width of 3~5m are left between the unit stopes. The middle section of the unit stope is divided into several sections according to a certain height. Step 4: Dig a ramp in the surrounding rock of the lower plate of the ore body to connect the upper and lower middle sections of the ore body; dig connecting tunnels and segmented horizontal tunnels every 8 to 10 meters in the vertical direction of the ramp. The segmented horizontal tunnel is located at the junction of the ore body and the surrounding rock of the lower plate, on the inner side of the ore body; dig a rock drilling tunnel in the middle section of the stope transport tunnel and the segmented horizontal tunnel respectively; and dig a mine exit road in the middle section of the stope bottom; Step 5: dig multiple chute shafts that are spaced apart and connect the upper and lower middle sections beside the rock drilling tunnel, and the chute shafts are arranged in the ore body; Step 6: Carry out blasting mining and backfilling in stages, and use the chute to mine out.

2. A method for mining by subdividing and then filling in a vein according to claim 1, Features: In step four, a drilling tunnel is excavated in the middle transport tunnel and section level tunnel of the mining area every width of the mining area. The drilling tunnel is located in the middle of the mining area, and an exit route is excavated from the second-step mining area drilling tunnel to the first-step mining area drilling tunnel in the middle of the bottom of the mining area. The exit route is arranged every 10 to 15 meters.

3. A method for mining in veins by subdividing and then filling the empty area according to claim 1, Features: Step five is to dig a chute connecting the upper and lower middle sections next to the rock drilling tunnel every 100 to 120 meters. The chute is arranged in the ore body as a passage for the upper and lower middle sections to mine.

4. A method for mining by subdividing and then filling in a vein according to claim 1, Features: Specifically, step six is ​​that the mining of the mine is carried out in two steps. First, the unit mine is mined in one step; dense upward parallel blastholes and upward fan-shaped blastholes are constructed in the rock drilling tunnel near the upper wall of the ore body, and a cutting groove is formed by one blasting; then upward fan-shaped blastholes are constructed upward in the rock drilling tunnel, and the mine ore is blasted using the cutting groove space formed after blasting. The ore collapsed by the blasting is shoveled to the chute by a shovel loader in the mine access road. After all the ore in the entire unit mine is mined, the empty area of ​​the unit mine is filled from the upper and middle filling connecting tunnels; the adjacent unit mine is cut and mined in the same way, and the reserved pillars are mined at the same time as the unit mine.

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