Extra-vein single-draw-shaft inclined mining combined low-waste efficient mining method

Abstract

The invention provides an off-vein single-draw-shaft inclined mining combined low-waste efficient mining method, and relates to the technical field of mining. The mining method is based on stope construction of three stages, the stoping work of each layer access in each stage is realized by respectively constructing a first stope layer-changing connection gateway, a second stope layer-changing connection gateway and a third stope layer-changing connection gateway, and the stope construction of the second stage and the stope construction of the third stage are circularly carried out. Therefore, the draw shaft is directly connected with the stope through the stope layer-changing connection way, a segmented outside-vein roadway and a panel slope ramp do not need to be constructed, a large amount of accurate mining work amount and construction time can be saved, and the defects that in an upward drift filling mining method, the accurate mining work amount is large, and a large amount of segmented outside-vein roadways, panel slope ramps and other projects need to be constructed are effectively overcome; and the preparation time before ore block stoping is long, and after construction of the segmented outside-vein roadway is completed, a layer-changing connection roadway needs to be constructed from the segmented outside-vein roadway to the footwall of the ore body to cut the ore blocks, and then an access road can be constructed for mining operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to an off-vein single-slot shaft inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency. Background Art

[0002] The upward approach filling mining method refers to the filling mining method of mining each layer from bottom to top in the stope, and using the approach to recover ore in the layer. Its characteristics are that the approach is used for mining, and the filling material is completely filled in the goaf during filling, and the filling material is as close to the roof as possible. This mining method is suitable for mining inclined and steeply inclined ore bodies with unstable ore and surrounding rock, high ore grade and value. As an important mining method for mining relatively broken ore bodies with medium thickness or above, the upward approach filling mining method has been promoted and applied in most mines. It has significant effects in reducing the loss and depletion rate, reducing the appearance of mine pressure, ensuring the safety of the roof, and controlling surface settlement.

[0003] However, while the upward approach filling mining method is being vigorously promoted, its technical shortcomings cannot be ignored. For example, the upward approach filling mining method requires a large amount of mining and approval work, and requires the construction of a large number of segmented vein outer tunnels and other projects. In addition, the preparation time before the mining of the ore block is long. After the construction of the segmented vein outer tunnel is completed, it is necessary to construct a layer-changing connecting tunnel from the segmented vein outer tunnel to the lower plate of the ore body to cut the ore block before the approach can be constructed for mining operations.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the upward approach filling mining method, it is necessary to study a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method of an off-vein single-chute inclined mining connection that can save a lot of mining engineering and construction time, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method for a single chute outside the vein. This method does not require the construction of segmented vein tunnels, but only requires the construction of a layer-changing connecting tunnel to connect the chute and the ore body, which can save a lot of mining engineering and construction time, and the waste rock generated by the construction of the layer-changing connecting tunnel is completely backfilled into the empty area of ​​the access road, and the waste rock is basically not transported out, achieving a low-waste effect.

[0006] Based on the above technical purpose, the present invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method for a single chute outside a vein, which adopts an upward approach filling mining method and is generally divided into three stages of stope construction. The first stope layer change connecting road, the second stope layer change connecting road and the third stope layer change connecting road are constructed respectively to sequentially realize the recovery work of each layer approach in each stage, and the second stage stope construction and the third stage stope construction are cyclically carried out until the upper mining is completed to the middle section or the elevation is set;

[0007] After the layer-changing connecting road of the next stage stope is connected from the last approach of the previous stage stope to the chute, the last approach of the previous stage stope will be filled;

[0008] Among them, the first stope layer change connection road is constructed by the transport lane in the out-vein stage perpendicular to the ore body direction; the first stope layer change connection road is connected with the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well, and a chute is constructed along the ore body inclination in the transport lane in the out-vein stage;

[0009] After the last access road of the first phase of the stope is mined and before filling, the second stope layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope from the second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well in the last access road of the stope bottom wall and connecting with the chute;

[0010] After the last access road of the stope is mined and before backfilling in the second stage, the third stope layer change connecting road is constructed from the last access road of the stope bottom wall from the first ventilation pedestrian backfilling drainage well and connected with the chute;

[0011] In the mining work of each layer approach in the same stage of the mining field, the upward approach mining of each layer in the same stage is realized by constructing a layer-changing connecting road through top pressure construction.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0013] S1, the first phase of stope construction:

[0014] S11, after the first stope layer change connecting road is constructed to the upper wall of the ore body, the ore body is mined from both sides along the direction of the ore body. After the mining is completed, backfilling is carried out, and then the adjacent approaches are constructed until the last approach is mined to the lower wall of the ore body and backfilled, and the construction of the first layer stope is completed;

[0015] S12, after the first-layer stope is mined, the top construction is carried out in the first stope layer-changing connecting road from the outer-vein stage transport roadway toward the lower wall of the ore body to form a second-layer stope layer-changing connecting road, and the mining is continued to the upper wall of the ore body; the route mining steps in step S11 are repeated until the second-layer stope is completed;

[0016] S13, looping the two-layer stope construction steps in step S12 until the last access road in the N layer is mined, at which time the last access road in the N layer is temporarily not filled;

[0017] S2, the second phase of stope construction:

[0018] S21, in the last approach of the mining field in the previous stage, the second mining field layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope at the drainage well filled by the second ventilation pedestrian and connected with the chute. Before the connection, the waste rock is blasted to fill the empty area of ​​the approach road, and then the previous mining field layer change connecting road and the last approach of the mining field in the previous stage are filled; then the second mining field layer change connecting road is topped from the chute to the lower wall of the ore body to form an N+1 layered layer change connecting road;

[0019] S22, cyclic mining: cyclically mining N+1 layer, lifting layer, mining N+2 layer, changing layer, until the last access of mining M layer is completed, at which time the last access of M layer is temporarily not filled;

[0020] S3, the third phase of stope construction:

[0021] S31, from the last approach of the previous stage of the stope in the lower wall of the stope, the third stope layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope from the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well and connected with the chute, and the waste rock is blasted and filled into the empty area of ​​the approach before the connection, and then the previous stope layer change connecting road and the last approach of the previous stage of the stope are filled; repeat the top pressing construction of step S21 to form M+1 layered layer change connecting roads;

[0022] S32, cyclic mining: cyclically mining the M+1 layer, lifting the layer, mining the M+2 layer, changing the layer, until the last access route of the L layer is mined, at which time the last access route of the L layer is temporarily not filled;

[0023] S4, loop the construction steps of step S2 and step S3 until mining is completed to the middle section or the elevation is set.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the off-vein single-chute inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency is suitable for steeply inclined and relatively broken ore bodies with an inclination angle of more than 70° and a thickness of medium thickness or less.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mining preparation project of step S1 mainly includes: constructing the first / second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well along the inclination of the ore body on both sides of the lower wall of the ore body and the center line of the mining field; and constructing a shovel turning chamber in the first mining field layer change connecting road.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S11, the mined ore and waste rock are directly transported by the shovel loader through the first mining area layer change connecting road to the off-vein stage transport tunnel, and are transported out by the electric locomotive towing the mine car, and the shovel loader turns around at the shovel loader turning chamber; after the approach construction reaches the two wings of the mining area, a filling board wall is built at the first mining area layer change connecting road for filling, and after the filling is completed, the adjacent approach construction is continued to retreat.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S21, the climbing height is the MN layer approach height.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S31, the climbing height is the LM layer approach height.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, N=2-3; or, MN=2-4; or, LM=2-4.

[0030] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S21 or step S31, the waste rock from the construction of the layer-changing connecting road is directly backfilled into the access road to reduce the transportation of waste rock; during filling, the filling pipeline enters the mining area from the upper middle section through the first or second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well.

[0031] As a further improvement of the present invention, during the recovery of the stope, construction workers can enter and exit the stope from the upper and lower middle sections through the first or second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] Compared with the traditional pan-area upward approach filling mining method, the off-vein single chute inclined mining and low-waste and high-efficiency mining method (off-vein inclined mining and single chute upward approach filling mining method) provided by the present invention does not construct segmented off-vein tunnels, nor does it construct a pan-area ramp connecting the segmented off-vein tunnels. Instead, it directly connects the chute with the mining field through the mining field layer change connecting tunnel (layer change connecting road), which greatly saves the mining engineering workload and thus reduces the preparation time for mining. At the same time, the distance for transporting ore from the mining field to the chute is significantly shortened, and the transportation time is also greatly reduced, thereby improving the mining field ore discharge efficiency and indirectly improving the recovery efficiency of the mine room. Thirdly, when changing layers in sections, a layer change connecting road is constructed from the mining field approach to the chute, and all waste rocks are backfilled into the approach empty area to achieve a low-waste effect. Therefore, the present invention inherits the advantages of the traditional approach filling mining method in reducing the loss and depletion rate, weakening the mine pressure, ensuring the safety of the roof, controlling surface subsidence, etc., while overcoming its technical disadvantages of large mining engineering workload, greatly reducing the construction of mining engineering, reducing the mine preparation time, saving ore transportation time, thereby improving the mining efficiency, and has a high value of promotion and application.

[0034] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a layered stope construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2It is a structural schematic diagram of a two-layer stope construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the construction of the second stope layer-changing connecting road provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of two-layer stope filling construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the construction of a three-layered layer-changing connecting channel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a three-layer stope mining construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the four-layer stope mining construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a five-layer stope mining construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the construction of the third stope layer-changing connecting road provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of filling construction of a second stope layer-changing connecting road provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the six-layer stope mining construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Description of reference numerals:

[0048] 1. Ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well; 2. Chute; 3. First mining area layer change connecting road; 4. Off-vein stage transportation tunnel; 5. Shovel loader turning chamber; 6. Ore discharge funnel; 7. Lower wall of ore body; 8. Upper wall of ore body; 9. Filled access road; 10. Mining access road; 11. Unmined access road; 12. Second-layer mining area layer change connecting road; 13. Second mining area layer change connecting road; 14. Third-layer mining area layer change connecting road; 15. Third mining area layer change connecting road. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0052] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0053] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0054] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0055] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0057] In order to solve the technical problems of the upward approach filling mining method, such as the large amount of mining and preparation engineering, the need to construct a large number of segmented vein outer tunnels and other projects; and the long preparation time before the mining of the ore blocks, it is necessary to wait for the construction of the segmented vein outer tunnel, and then construct a layer change connecting tunnel from the segmented vein outer tunnel to the lower plate of the ore body to cut the ore blocks, and then construct the approach to carry out mining operations, etc., the present invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method for single-chute off-vein inclined mining. This method does not require the construction of segmented vein outer tunnels, but only requires the construction of layer change connecting tunnels to connect the chute and the ore body, which can save a lot of mining and preparation engineering and construction time. The upward approach filling mining method is generally divided into three stages of mining site construction. The mining work of each layer approach in each stage is realized in turn by constructing the first mining site layer change connecting road, the second mining site layer change connecting road and the third mining site layer change connecting road respectively, and the second stage mining site construction and the third stage mining site construction are cyclically carried out until the mining is completed to the middle section or the elevation is set;

[0058] After the layer-changing connecting road of the next stage stope is connected from the last approach of the previous stage stope to the chute, the last approach of the previous stage stope will be filled;

[0059] Among them, the first stope layer change connection road is constructed by the transport lane in the out-vein stage perpendicular to the ore body direction; the first stope layer change connection road is connected with the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well, and a chute is constructed along the ore body inclination in the transport lane in the out-vein stage;

[0060] After the last access road of the first phase of the stope is mined and before filling, the second stope layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope from the second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well in the last access road of the stope bottom wall and connecting with the chute;

[0061] After the last access road of the stope is mined and before backfilling in the second stage, the third stope layer change connecting road is constructed from the last access road of the stope bottom wall from the first ventilation pedestrian backfilling drainage well and connected with the chute;

[0062] In the mining work of each layer approach in the same stage of the mining field, the upward approach mining of each layer in the same stage is realized by constructing a layer-changing connecting road through top pressure construction.

[0063] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0064] S1, the first phase of stope construction:

[0065] S11, after the first stope layer change connecting road is constructed to the upper wall of the ore body, the ore body is mined from both sides along the direction of the ore body. After the mining is completed, backfilling is carried out, and then the adjacent approaches are constructed until the last approach is mined to the lower wall of the ore body and backfilled, and the construction of the first layer stope is completed;

[0066] S12, after the first-layer stope is mined, the top construction is carried out in the first stope layer-changing connecting road from the outer-vein stage transport roadway toward the lower wall of the ore body to form a second-layer stope layer-changing connecting road, and the mining is continued to the upper wall of the ore body; the route mining steps in step S11 are repeated until the second-layer stope is completed;

[0067] S13, looping the two-layer stope construction steps in step S12 until the last access road in the N layer is mined, at which time the last access road in the N layer is temporarily not filled;

[0068] S2, the second phase of stope construction:

[0069] S21, in the last approach of the mining field in the previous stage, the second mining field layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope at the drainage well filled by the second ventilation pedestrian and connected with the chute. Before the connection, the waste rock is blasted to fill the empty area of ​​the approach road, and then the previous mining field layer change connecting road and the last approach of the mining field in the previous stage are filled; then the second mining field layer change connecting road is topped from the chute to the lower wall of the ore body to form an N+1 layered layer change connecting road;

[0070] S22, cyclic mining: cyclically mining N+1 layer, lifting layer, mining N+2 layer, changing layer, until the last access of mining M layer is completed, at which time the last access of M layer is temporarily not filled;

[0071] S3, the third phase of stope construction:

[0072] S31, from the last approach of the previous stage of the stope in the lower wall of the stope, the third stope layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope from the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well and connected with the chute, and the waste rock is blasted and filled into the empty area of ​​the approach before the connection, and then the previous stope layer change connecting road and the last approach of the previous stage of the stope are filled; repeat the top pressing construction of step S21 to form M+1 layered layer change connecting roads;

[0073] S32, cyclic mining: cyclically mining the M+1 layer, lifting the layer, mining the M+2 layer, changing the layer, until the last access route of the L layer is mined, at which time the last access route of the L layer is temporarily not filled;

[0074] S4, loop the construction steps of step S2 and step S3 until mining is completed to the middle section or the elevation is set.

[0075] Preferably, the off-vein single-channel oblique mining method with low waste and high efficiency is suitable for steeply inclined and relatively broken ore bodies with an inclination angle of more than 70° and a thickness of medium thickness or less.

[0076] Preferably, the mining preparation works in step S1 mainly include: constructing the first / second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage wells along the inclination of the ore body at the foot of the ore body and on both sides of the center line of the mining field; and constructing a loader turning chamber in the first mining field layer change connecting road.

[0077] Preferably, in step S11, the mined ore and waste rock are directly transported by the shovel loader to the off-vein stage transport tunnel via the first mining area layer change connecting road, and are transported out by the electric locomotive towing the mine car, and the shovel loader turns around at the shovel loader turning chamber; after the approach construction reaches the two wings of the mining area, a filling plate wall is built at the first mining area layer change connecting road for filling, and after the filling is completed, the adjacent approach construction is continued to retreat.

[0078] Preferably, in step S21, the climbing height is the MN layer approach height.

[0079] Preferably, in step S31, the climbing height is the LM layer approach height.

[0080] Preferably, N=2-3; or, MN=2-4; or, LM=2-4.

[0081] Preferably, in step S21 or step S31, the waste rock from the construction of the layer-changing connecting road is directly backfilled into the access road to reduce the transportation of waste rock; during filling, the filling pipeline enters the mining area from the upper middle section through the first or second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well.

[0082] Preferably, during the mining period, construction workers can enter and exit the mining area from the upper and lower middle sections through the first or second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well.

[0083] Example 1

[0084] Please refer to Figures 1 to 11 As shown, Example 1 of the present invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method for a single chute outside a vein, which is suitable for steeply inclined and relatively broken ore bodies with an inclination angle of more than 70° and a thickness of medium thickness or less, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0085] S1, the first phase of stope construction:

[0086] S11, one-layer stope construction: please refer to Figure 1As shown, the mining preparation project mainly includes: constructing two ventilation pedestrian filling drainage wells 1 (the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well and the second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well) along the inclination of the ore body in the lower wall 7 of the ore body and on both sides of the center line of the mining field, and constructing a chute 2 along the inclination of the ore body in the off-vein stage transport tunnel 4, as well as the first mining field layer change connecting road 3 and the shovel loader turning chamber 5.

[0087] Specifically, the horizontal first stope-change layer connection road 3 is constructed perpendicular to the ore body from the off-vein stage transport tunnel 4, which is connected to the lower wall inclined shaft, and the lower wall inclined shaft is used as the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well; after the first stope-change layer connection road 3 is constructed to the upper wall 8 of the ore body, the construction access roads on both sides along the ore body start to ore the ore body, and the ore and waste rock are directly transported to the off-vein stage transport tunnel 4 by the scraper through the first stope-change layer connection road 3, and the mine car is transported out by the electric locomotive, and the scraper turns around at the scraper turning chamber 5. After the access road is constructed to the two wings of the stope, filling is carried out at the first stope-change layer connection road 3. After the filling is completed, the adjacent access road will be retreated to construct; the construction access road and filling are carried out in sequence until the last access road is mined to the lower wall of the ore body, and the construction of a layer stope is completed.

[0088] S12, two-layer stope construction: please refer to Figure 2 As shown, after the first-layer mining is completed, top pressure construction is carried out in the first mining layer change connecting road 3 to raise the elevation to the second layer, forming an upward two-layer layer change connecting road 12, and mining is continued to the upper wall 8 of the ore body; the route mining steps in step S11 are cycled until the second-layer mining is completed.

[0089] S2, the second phase of stope construction:

[0090] S21, climbing construction: After the construction of the last approach (lower wall) of the two-layer stope is completed, the filling will be suspended. Figure 3 As shown, at the second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well, the second stope layer change connecting road 13 is connected with the chute 2 during climbing construction. Before the connection, the blasted waste rock is filled into the empty area of ​​the access road, and the climbing height is the height of two access roads.

[0091] See also Figure 4 As shown, after the construction of the second mining area layer change connecting road 13 is completed, the last access road of the first stage mining area (the last access road of the previous stage) and the first mining area layer change connecting road (the previous mining area layer change connecting road) are filled; during filling, the filling pipeline enters the mining area from the upper middle section through the ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well 1.

[0092] S22, three-layer layer change connecting road construction: please refer to Figure 5 As shown, after the two-layer access road is filled, the second stope layer-changing connecting road 13 is topped from the chute 2 to the ore body footwall 7 to form a three-layer stope layer-changing connecting road 14, raising the elevation to the third layer.

[0093] S5, Circular Mining: see Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the three layers are mined, the layers are lifted, the four layers are mined, the layers are changed, until the five layers are mined.

[0094] S3, the third phase of stope construction:

[0095] S31, middle section mining construction: please refer to Figures 9 to 11 As shown, after the mining of the five-layer lower wall access is completed, the filling is suspended, and the lower wall is climbed from another lower wall inclined shaft of the stope (the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage shaft) to lift the layer by two layer heights, connected with the chute 2, and the third stope layer change connecting road 15 is constructed. Before the connection, the waste rock is blasted and filled into the empty area of ​​the access road; then the filling operation is carried out again, and the second-stage stope access and the upper stope layer change connecting road (the second stope layer change connecting road 13) are filled; step S21 is repeated, and the third stope layer change connecting road 15 is pressed from the chute 2 to the lower wall 7 of the ore body to raise the elevation to the sixth layer;

[0096] S4, the construction steps S2 and S3 are cycled until the mining is completed to the middle section or the elevation is set. After the mining of the ore block is completed, the scraper is disassembled and hoisted to the upper middle section through the chute 2.

[0097] During the mining period, personnel can enter and exit the mining area from the upper and lower middle sections through the lower plate inclined shaft (ventilation pedestrian filling drainage shaft 1), which complies with the safety regulations that personnel must have two safety exits when entering and exiting the mining area.

[0098] The embodiment of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned three-stage mining construction, and realizes the recovery work of each layer in each stage by constructing the first mining layer change connecting road 3, the second mining layer change connecting road 13 and the third mining layer change connecting road 15 respectively, and the second and third stage mining construction can be carried out in a cycle, and the chute is directly connected to the mining field through the mining layer change connecting tunnel (road), which greatly saves the mining engineering workload and thus reduces the preparation time for mining.

[0099] Those skilled in the art know that in the actual application process of the mining method provided by the present invention, according to environmental parameters such as the ore body inclination and thickness, the number of stratified mining in each stage can be adaptively adjusted, N = 2 to 3; or, MN = 2 to 4; or, LM = 2 to 4, all of which can achieve the above technical effects. It is not limited to the parameter settings in the above embodiments.

[0100] Compared with the traditional pan-area upward approach filling mining method, the off-vein single chute inclined mining and low-waste and high-efficiency mining method (off-vein inclined mining and single chute upward approach filling mining method) provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not construct segmented off-vein tunnels, nor does it construct pan-area ramps connecting segmented off-vein tunnels. The chute is directly connected to the mining field through the mining field layer change connecting tunnel (road), which greatly saves the mining engineering workload and thus reduces the preparation time for mining. At the same time, the distance for transporting ore from the mining field to the chute is shortened, and the transportation time is also reduced, thereby improving the mining field ore discharge efficiency and indirectly improving the recovery efficiency of the mine room. Thirdly, when changing layers in sections, a layer change connecting tunnel is constructed from the mining field approach to the chute, and all waste rocks are backfilled into the approach empty area to achieve a low-waste effect. Therefore, the present invention inherits the advantages of the traditional approach filling mining method in reducing the loss and depletion rate, weakening the mine pressure, ensuring the safety of the roof, controlling surface subsidence, etc., while overcoming the disadvantages of large mining engineering workload, greatly reducing the construction of mining engineering, reducing the mine preparation time, saving ore transportation time, thereby improving the mining efficiency, and has a very high value of promotion and application.

[0101] In summary, the present invention provides a low-waste and high-efficiency mining method for a single chute outside a vein, which relates to the field of mining technology. The mining method is based on three stages of stope construction, and each stage of mining work is achieved by constructing the first stope layer change connecting road, the second stope layer change connecting road, and the third stope layer change connecting road respectively, and the second and third stage stope construction can be carried out in a cycle, thereby directly connecting the chute to the stope through the stope layer change connecting road, without the need to construct segmented outside vein roads, which can save a lot of mining engineering and construction time.

[0102] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are all included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present invention, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-waste and high-efficiency mining method using a single chute outside a vein, characterized in that: The upward approach filling mining method is adopted, which is generally divided into three stages of stope construction. The first stope layer change connecting road, the second stope layer change connecting road and the third stope layer change connecting road are constructed respectively to realize the mining work of each layer approach in each stage in sequence, and the second stage stope construction and the third stage stope construction are carried out in a cycle until the upper mining is completed to the middle section or the elevation is set; After the layer-changing connecting road of the next stage stope is connected from the last approach of the previous stage stope to the chute, the last approach of the previous stage stope will be filled; Among them, the first stope layer change connection road is constructed by the transport lane in the out-vein stage perpendicular to the ore body direction; the first stope layer change connection road is connected with the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well, and a chute is constructed along the ore body inclination in the transport lane in the out-vein stage; After the last access road of the first phase of the stope is mined and before filling, the second stope layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope from the second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well in the last access road of the stope bottom wall and connecting with the chute; After the last access road of the stope is mined and before backfilling in the second stage, the third stope layer change connecting road is constructed from the last access road of the stope bottom wall from the first ventilation pedestrian backfilling drainage well and connected with the chute; In the mining work of each layer approach in the same stage of the mining field, the upward approach mining of each layer in the same stage is realized by constructing a layer-changing connecting road through top pressure construction.

2. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method of a single-channel off-vein mining shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps include: S1, the first phase of stope construction: S11, after the first stope layer change connecting road is constructed to the upper wall of the ore body, the ore body is mined from both sides along the direction of the ore body. After the mining is completed, backfilling is carried out, and then the adjacent approaches are constructed until the last approach is mined to the lower wall of the ore body and backfilled, and the construction of the first layer stope is completed; S12, after the first-layer stope is mined, the top construction is carried out in the first stope layer-changing connecting road from the outer-vein stage transport roadway toward the lower wall of the ore body to form a second-layer stope layer-changing connecting road, and the mining is continued to the upper wall of the ore body; the route mining steps in step S11 are repeated until the second-layer stope is completed; S13, looping the two-layer stope construction steps in step S12 until the last access road in the N layer is mined, at which time the last access road in the N layer is temporarily not filled; S2, the second phase of stope construction: S21, in the last approach of the mining field in the previous stage, the second mining field layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope at the drainage well filled by the second ventilation pedestrian and connected with the chute. Before the connection, the waste rock is blasted to fill the empty area of ​​the approach road, and then the previous mining field layer change connecting road and the last approach of the mining field in the previous stage are filled; then the second mining field layer change connecting road is topped from the chute to the lower wall of the ore body to form an N+1 layered layer change connecting road; S22, cyclic mining: cyclically mining N+1 layer, lifting layer, mining N+2 layer, changing layer, until the last access of mining M layer is completed, at which time the last access of M layer is temporarily not filled; S3, the third phase of stope construction: S31, from the last approach of the previous stage of the stope in the lower wall of the stope, the third stope layer change connecting road is constructed by climbing the slope from the first ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well and connected with the chute, and the waste rock is blasted and filled into the empty area of ​​the approach before the connection, and then the previous stope layer change connecting road and the last approach of the previous stage of the stope are filled; repeat the top pressing construction of step S21 to form M+1 layered layer change connecting roads; S32, cyclic mining: cyclically mining the M+1 layer, lifting the layer, mining the M+2 layer, changing the layer, until the last access route of mining the L layer is completed, at which time the last access route of the L layer is temporarily not filled; S4, loop the construction steps of step S2 and step S3 until mining is completed to the middle section or the elevation is set.

3. The off-vein single-channel inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The off-vein single-channel inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency is suitable for steeply inclined and relatively broken ore bodies with an inclination angle of more than 70° and a thickness of medium or less.

4. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method of a single-well inclined mining outside a vein according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The mining project of step S1 mainly includes: constructing the first / second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well along the inclination of the ore body on both sides of the ore body footwall and the center line of the mining field; and constructing the scraper turning chamber in the first mining field layer change connecting road.

5. The low-waste and high-efficiency mining method of a single-channel off-vein mining shaft according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S11, the mined ore and waste rock are directly transported by the shovel loader through the first mining area layer change connecting road to the off-vein stage transport tunnel, and are transported out by the electric locomotive towing the mine car. The shovel loader turns around at the shovel loader turning chamber; after the approach construction reaches the two wings of the mining area, a filling board wall is built at the first mining area layer change connecting road for filling. After the filling is completed, the adjacent approach construction is continued to retreat.

6. The off-vein single-channel inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S21, the climbing height is the MN layer approach height.

7. The off-vein single-channel inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S31, the climbing height is the LM layer approach height.

8. The off-vein single-channel inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency according to claim 2, 6 or 7, characterized in that: N=2~3; or, MN=2~4; or, LM=2~4.

9. The off-vein single-channel inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S21 or step S31, the waste rock from the construction of the layer-changing connecting road is directly backfilled into the access road to reduce the transportation of waste rock; during filling, the filling pipeline enters the mining area from the upper middle section through the first or second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well.

10. The off-vein single-channel inclined mining method with low waste and high efficiency according to claim 2 is characterized in that: During the mining period, construction workers can enter and exit the mining area from the upper and lower middle sections through the first or second ventilation pedestrian filling drainage well.

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