Underwater vehicle model and method suitable for multi-condition surfacing and icebreaking tests

Abstract

The invention discloses an underwater navigation body model suitable for multi-condition floating icebreaking test, including a main hull, the bow and stern of the main hull object are provided with watertight compartments, four permeable compartments at the bow and stern, the first compartment is equipped with a first tension and compression sensor, the first tension and compression sensor is connected to the enclosure outside the main hull; the second tension and compression sensor is installed in the second permeable compartment, the second tension and compression sensor is connected to the third tension and compression sensor through a connector, and the third tension and compression sensor is connected to the first drive rod; a center of gravity adjustment device is installed in the third permeable compartment; a fourth cross plate is installed in the fourth permeable compartment, a fourth tension and compression sensor is installed on the fourth cross plate, and the first drive rod and the second drive rod are located on the same side of the main hull. The invention accurately measures the vertical and horizontal load history of the underwater navigation body during vertical plane movement, especially for the floating icebreaking process, and separately evaluates the vertical load of the enclosure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an underwater navigation body model and method suitable for multi-condition buoyancy and icebreaking tests, belonging to the field of ships. Background Art

[0002] Domestic and foreign researchers have conducted relevant research on the buoyancy and icebreaking of underwater vehicles. The patent with application number 201810771508.X proposes a submarine configuration with buoyancy and icebreaking capabilities, whose balance wings can trigger the launch of shells, break the ice layer and provide a suitable buoyancy area for the submarine to float. At the same time, it is adjusted to a vertical state when touching the ice to form a concentrated force and improve the icebreaking capability. In terms of model testing, the patent with application number 201811237013.5 designs a test device that is lifted and floated by a slide rail bracket, and uses a rectangular plate to simulate the effect of the underwater vehicle enclosure. The lifting frame designed by the device has certain difficulties in achieving stable buoyancy of the underwater vehicle structure with complex curved surfaces at the scale of the pool. In addition, the device uses springs to simulate the buoyancy effect and measures the vertical load based on a spring dynamometer. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the fluid load measurement during the buoyancy and icebreaking process, and it is impossible to measure the horizontal load on the underwater vehicle with complex curved surfaces during the buoyancy process. In the underwater vehicle buoyancy and icebreaking simulation test device proposed in the patent with application number 202310016024.5, the icebreaking and buoyancy of the underwater vehicle is achieved by lifting, but there is no relevant description of the underwater vehicle load measurement device. In summary, there is currently a lack of underwater vehicle test model devices suitable for floating and icebreaking at the scale of ice water pools. On the one hand, it can accurately describe the floating and icebreaking phenomenon of the hull, tail wing and other structures of the underwater vehicle. On the other hand, the vertical and horizontal loads during the floating process are accurately measured. At the same time, it can freely switch between constrained buoyancy and free buoyancy, which can achieve both floating and icebreaking at a constant speed and angle, and free floating and icebreaking under a certain net buoyancy. Summary of the invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an underwater vehicle model and method suitable for multi-condition buoyancy and icebreaking tests, so as to accurately measure the vertical and horizontal load history of the underwater vehicle during vertical plane movement, especially for the buoyancy and icebreaking process, to evaluate the vertical load of the hull separately.

[0004] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, an underwater navigation body model suitable for multi-condition buoyancy icebreaking test of the present invention comprises a main hull, the bow and stern of the main hull are provided with watertight compartments, the bow and stern are provided with a first permeable compartment, a second permeable compartment, a third permeable compartment and a fourth permeable compartment in sequence, a first transverse plate is installed in the first permeable compartment, a first tension and compression sensor is installed on the first transverse plate, and the first tension and compression sensor is connected to the outer shell of the main hull; a second transverse plate is installed in the second permeable compartment, and a second transverse plate is installed in the second permeable compartment. A second tension and compression sensor is installed on the transverse plate, the second tension and compression sensor is connected to the third tension and compression sensor through a connecting piece, the third tension and compression sensor is connected to the first driving rod through a first hinge, one end of the first driving rod is located outside the main hull, the first permeable compartment is communicated with the second permeable compartment; a center of gravity adjusting device is installed in the third permeable compartment; a fourth transverse plate is installed in the fourth permeable compartment, a fourth tension and compression sensor is on the fourth transverse plate, the fourth tension and compression sensor is connected to the second driving rod through a second hinge, and the first driving rod and the second driving rod are located on the same side of the main hull.

[0005] Preferably, the center of gravity adjustment device comprises a pair of slide rails, on which a movable ballast block is provided.

[0006] Preferably, a fixed ballast block is fixed to the bottom of the third permeable compartment.

[0007] Preferably, the second water-permeable compartment and the fourth water-permeable compartment are both fixedly mounted with a magnet rack.

[0008] In the present invention, the underwater navigation body model (hull, casing entity and tail wing entity, etc.) is processed and manufactured using 3D printing and fiberglass materials according to the design drawings, the internal bulkheads and cross plates are processed using materials such as bakelite, and the fixed ballast blocks and adjustable ballast blocks are both made of iron.

[0009] The present invention is an underwater vehicle model suitable for multi-condition buoyancy and icebreaking tests, which is designed to take into account the test conditions of constrained movement and free movement at the same time, and realize free switching between underwater vehicle models under different test conditions. For constrained movement, the underwater vehicle model is equipped with tension and compression sensors on the hull, bow and stern. For free movement, only the tension and compression sensors in the hull are retained inside the model, and a large ballast block is fixed. The initial buoyancy state is preset by adjusting the adjustable small ballast block. It is mainly used for experimental research on the hydrodynamic laws of underwater vehicles floating near the ice surface and the buoyancy and icebreaking mechanism. The present invention includes four main parts, namely, an underwater vehicle model, a ballast adjustment system, a force measurement system and a magnetic suction device.

[0010] In the present invention, the underwater navigation body model includes: a main hull, a casing entity, a tail wing entity, a watertight bulkhead, a transverse plate, a driving support rod, etc.; the ballast adjustment system includes: two slide rails in the middle, fixed weight ballast blocks at the bow and stern, adjustable (quantity and position) ballast blocks in the middle and a number of foam blocks, etc.; the force measurement system includes: four tension and compression sensors with a waterproof grade of IP68 and a pair of diagonal support plates for connecting each tension and compression sensor and the driving support rod; the magnetic attraction device includes: magnet frames at the bow and stern.

[0011] In the present invention, the underwater navigation body model is determined to be a solid model or a shell model according to the test scale and curvature change characteristics. The hull and tail wing parts adopt a solid model due to their small scale and large curvature change. The main hull part adopts a shell model, but the parts with faster curvature change at the bow end and the stern end are filled with foam, and watertight treatment is achieved through the bulkhead.

[0012] In the present invention, in addition to the watertight compartments at the bow and stern, four permeable compartments are provided, which are numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 in order from the bow to the stern of the model. Horizontal plates are provided inside different compartments of the model to fix various tension and compression sensors. The cabin 1 located directly below the enclosure is mainly equipped with tension and compression sensors and fixed ballast blocks; the cabin 2 next to the cabin 1 and the cabin 4 at the stern have shell openings below, and the cabins are mainly equipped with tension and compression sensors. One end of the driving support rod is connected to each tension and compression sensor, and the other end is connected to the motion drive device outside the hull. Among them, two tension and compression sensors with a 90° relationship are installed from top to bottom in the cabin 2, and the two are connected to the angle support plate by screws, so that the loads of the model in both horizontal and vertical directions can be measured.

[0013] In the present invention, in the longer cabin 3 located in the middle of the model, two long screws are fixed by the bulkhead, and several adjustable ballast blocks that can pass through the two screws are designed. By adjusting the number and position of the ballast blocks, the weight and center of gravity of the model can be adjusted. In order to measure the vertical load of the enclosure separately, the main hull shell needs to be opened below the enclosure. The solid enclosure model will be fixed to the tension and compression sensor under the enclosure by screws, and a gap of about 3mm is left between the enclosure and the main hull shell to prevent the load from being transferred to the hull. In order to fix the heavier ballast block in the cabin 1, it is interconnected with the cabin 2. For free movement conditions, the long slide rail arranged in the cabin 3 is fixed to the end of the cabin 2 and 4. The magnet frame can be adsorbed on the electromagnet outside the model to achieve free release of the model by powering off.

[0014] In the present invention, the casing is a separate entity and is not connected to the hull, with a very small gap between the two. The tension and compression sensors under the casing measure the vertical load of the casing part. For the remaining three tension and compression sensors, the sum of the values ​​measured by the two vertical ones is the vertical load of the entire hull, and the horizontal one measures the horizontal load of the entire hull. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the direction of the horizontal tension and compression sensors is along the direction of the length of the boat as much as possible, and the vertical tension and compression sensors are perpendicular to the length of the boat. What we ultimately want to measure is the horizontal load and vertical load in the hull coordinate system, and the value of the sensor is the value we want to obtain.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] ① The present invention can realize the simple switching between the vertical plane constrained motion and free motion models by replacing the internal layout of some cabins, effectively saving the test cost;

[0017] ② The present invention can adjust the different initial net buoyancy and center of gravity positions of the model when it floats freely by adjusting the number and position of the ballast blocks. The method for measuring and evaluating the net buoyancy and center of gravity position is simple and feasible;

[0018] ③ The present invention can accurately measure the vertical and horizontal loads of underwater vehicles during vertical motion, especially for free floating icebreaking process, and can evaluate the vertical load of the hull separately;

[0019] ④ The present invention can utilize structures such as sensors and corner support plates as connecting devices, which can improve the utilization rate of the internal space of the model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is another state schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Main hull; 2. Shell entity; 3. Tail entity; 4. Watertight compartment; 5. Transverse plate; 6. Driving support rod; 7. Slide rail; 8. Fixed ballast block; 9. Movable ballast block; 10. Tension and compression sensor; 11. Connector; 12. Magnet rack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, an underwater navigation body model suitable for multi-condition buoyancy icebreaking test of the present invention comprises a main hull 1, wherein the bow and stern of the main hull are provided with watertight compartments, the stern is provided with a tail wing entity 3, and the bow and stern are provided with a first permeable compartment, a second permeable compartment, a third permeable compartment and a fourth permeable compartment in sequence, a first transverse plate 5 is installed in the first permeable compartment, a first tension and compression sensor 10 is installed on the first transverse plate 5, and the first tension and compression sensor 10 is connected to the enclosure entity 2 outside the main hull 1; a second transverse plate is installed in the second permeable compartment, and a second tension and compression sensor 10 is installed on the second transverse plate. A second tension and compression sensor 10 is installed, and the second tension and compression sensor 10 is connected to the third tension and compression sensor 10 through a connecting piece 11, and the third tension and compression sensor 10 is connected to the first driving rod through a first hinge, and one end of the first driving rod is located outside the main hull 1, and the first permeable compartment is communicated with the second permeable compartment; a center of gravity adjusting device is installed in the third permeable compartment; a fourth cross plate is installed in the fourth permeable compartment, and a fourth tension and compression sensor 10 is on the fourth cross plate, and the fourth tension and compression sensor 10 is connected to the second driving rod through a second hinge, and the first driving rod and the second driving rod are located on the same side of the main hull.

[0025] In the present invention, the center of gravity adjustment device comprises a pair of slide rails 7, on which a movable ballast block 9 is provided, and the bottom of the third water-permeable compartment is fixed with a fixed ballast block 8. The second water-permeable compartment and the fourth water-permeable compartment are both fixedly mounted with a magnet frame 12.

[0026] In the present invention, for the constrained motion condition, first, the first tension and compression sensor 10 is fixed to the transverse plate 5 at the opening above the shell of the first permeable cabin, and then the enclosure entity 2 is fixed to the first tension and compression sensor 10 by threads; second, the second tension and compression sensor 10 is connected with the third tension and compression sensor 10 through the corner support plate as shown in the figure, and the entire connection is fixed to the transverse plate 5 on the top of the cabin through the second tension and compression sensor 10; third, the fourth tension and compression sensor 10 is fixed to the transverse plate 5 on the top of the fourth permeable cabin as shown in the figure; finally, one end of the front and rear driving support rods 6 is fixed to the bottom of the tension and compression sensors 10 (corner support plates) inside the second permeable cabin and the fourth permeable cabin as shown in the figure.

[0027] For the free movement condition, first, fix the first tension and compression sensor 10 on the transverse plate 5 at the opening above the first permeable cabin shell, and then fix the enclosure entity 2 on the first tension and compression sensor 10 through threads; second, place an appropriate number of adjustable ballast blocks at appropriate positions in the cabin 3 according to the test conditions; finally, install the magnetic bracket on the screws in cabins 2 and 4 as shown in the figure.

[0028] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underwater vehicle model suitable for multi-condition buoyancy and icebreaking tests, characterized by: The invention comprises a main hull shell, wherein the bow and the stern of the main hull shell are provided with watertight compartments, and the bow and the stern are provided with a first water-permeable compartment, a second water-permeable compartment, a third water-permeable compartment and a fourth water-permeable compartment in sequence, a first transverse plate is installed in the first water-permeable compartment, a first tension and compression sensor is installed on the first transverse plate, and the first tension and compression sensor is connected to the enclosure outside the main hull shell; a second transverse plate is installed in the second water-permeable compartment, a second tension and compression sensor is installed on the second transverse plate, the second tension and compression sensor is connected to the third tension and compression sensor through a connecting piece, and the second tension and compression sensor is connected to the first The three tension and compression sensors are perpendicular to each other, the third tension and compression sensor is connected to the first driving rod through the first hinge, one end of the first driving rod is located outside the main hull, and the first permeable compartment is communicated with the second permeable compartment; a center of gravity adjustment device is installed in the third permeable compartment; a fourth cross plate is installed in the fourth permeable compartment, and a fourth tension and compression sensor is installed on the fourth cross plate, and the fourth tension and compression sensor is connected to the second driving rod through the second hinge, and the first driving rod and the second driving rod are located on the same side of the main hull, and the second permeable compartment and the fourth permeable compartment are both fixedly installed with magnet racks.

2. The underwater vehicle model suitable for multi-condition buoyancy and icebreaking tests according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The center of gravity adjusting device comprises a pair of slide rails, on which movable ballast blocks are arranged.

3. The underwater vehicle model suitable for multi-condition buoyancy and icebreaking tests according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A fixed ballast block is fixed to the bottom of the third water-permeable compartment.

4. A test method for an underwater vehicle model suitable for multi-condition buoyancy and icebreaking tests as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: For the constrained buoyancy condition, the two driving rods of the model are installed on a buoyancy device with a certain inclination angle. During the test, the buoyancy device is driven to move so that the main hull collides with the ice layer at a constant speed and constant inclination. The four tension and compression sensors arranged inside the main hull record the ice load history of the hull and the main hull. For the free buoyancy condition, the two electromagnets inside the model are adsorbed to a fixed position at the bottom of the pool. At the beginning of the test, the electromagnets are powered off, the main hull will float freely and break the ice, and a tension and compression sensor records the ice load history of the hull.

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