An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an additive, preparation method and application for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed, and belongs to the field of aquatic feed additives. The additive includes the following components by mass: 10-20 parts of chitosan, 20-30 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10-20 parts of plantain seeds, 12-15 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5-15 parts of wormwood seeds, 20-30 parts of kelp, 5-15 parts of small agar and 5-10 parts of Gracilaria. It is found through experiments that the additive prepared by the present invention can reduce the addition of 5%-10% of flour in shrimp feed, providing a new technical idea and theoretical basis for reducing the cost and increasing the efficiency of aquatic feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of aquatic feed additives, and in particular to an additive capable of reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Shrimp belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea, order Decapoda, and suborder Natatoria in the classification system. Since the late 1970s, my country has started shrimp farming, mainly in the form of extensive farming in large ponds. In 2022, the total amount of shrimp farming in China reached 5,742,339 tons, accounting for more than 40% of the world's white shrimp production. Shrimp feed is the main food source for artificially cultured shrimp, and has an important impact on the nutritional supply, growth rate and economic benefits of farmed shrimp. Shrimp are small in size, have a very short digestive tract, and eat little and slowly. Shrimp's feeding habit is to hold food, that is, hold multiple feeds at a time and swim continuously or stop to nibble on the feed. The loss of feed into the water before being eaten by shrimp not only causes the loss of feed nutrients, reduces the feed coefficient, but also easily pollutes the aquaculture water. The loss of feed causes a large amount of N and P elements to be transferred from the feed to the pond water, causing eutrophication of the water body. Therefore, the shrimp farming industry requires shrimp feed to have good water resistance, and the production of efficient and high-quality shrimp feed is crucial to the development of aquaculture.

[0003] There are generally two methods to solve the problem of water resistance of shrimp feed: 1. Add raw materials with higher starch content, such as flour and wheat flour. After gelatinization, starch produces a certain adhesive force to improve the water resistance of shrimp feed; 2. Add additional adhesives to the feed. Adhesives enhance the water resistance of particles through their unique adhesive force. The first method is easy to damage certain heat-sensitive substances in feed raw materials, such as vitamins, enzyme preparations, bacterial preparations, active factors, etc. The second method has less effect on vitamins, enzyme preparations, etc., and has a good adhesive effect at a low addition amount. It is an excellent solution for feed manufacturers to reduce costs and increase efficiency.

[0004] Common aquatic feed adhesives on the market include: modified starch, gluten, chitosan, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, agar, bentonite, lignin sulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., but some of them are too expensive. Some aquatic adhesives even have adverse effects on the growth of animals, such as polymethyl urea, urea-formaldehyde resin and polyurea formaldehyde. Nowadays, there is an urgent need for an additive with a favorable price and significantly improves the water resistance of shrimp feed to break the situation of uneven quality and price of common aquatic adhesives. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an additive, a preparation method and an application thereof for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. By adding the additive prepared by the present invention, the amount of flour added in shrimp feed can be reduced by 5%-10%, thus opening up a new solution for reducing costs and increasing efficiency in preparing aquatic feed.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The invention provides an additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed. The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of chitosan, 20-30 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10-20 parts of plantain seeds, 12-15 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5-15 parts of wormwood seeds, 20-30 parts of kelp, 5-15 parts of agar-agar and 5-10 parts of Gracilaria.

[0008] Preferably, the additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 15 parts of fenugreek seeds, 10 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 10 parts of Gracilaria.

[0009] The present invention also provides an application of the additive in any of the following items:

[0010] (1) Application in the preparation of shrimp feed additives;

[0011] (2) Application in the preparation of highly water-resistant shrimp feed;

[0012] (3) Application in reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the additive, comprising the following steps:

[0014] The raw materials are mixed according to the formula ratio, cleaned and dried, and then crushed and sieved to obtain a mixed powder;

[0015] Extracting the mixed powder with ethanol to defat and remove fat-soluble substances in the mixed powder;

[0016] The defatted mixed powder is firstly subjected to ethanol removal, and then boiled to obtain a mixed colloid, which is then filtered and concentrated to obtain the additive.

[0017] Preferably, the screening is through a 100-200 mesh sieve.

[0018] Preferably, the ethanol extraction conditions are: extraction at 40-50° C. for 1-2 h.

[0019] Preferably, the boiling condition is 80-90° C. for 30-60 min.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed, wherein the flour in part of the shrimp basic feed is replaced with the additive, and based on the total amount of the shrimp basic feed, 0.1%-0.5% by mass of the additive replaces 5%-10% of the flour in the shrimp basic feed.

[0021] The invention also provides a shrimp feed additive, comprising the additive.

[0022] The invention also provides a shrimp feed with high water resistance, wherein the additive is added into the shrimp basic feed at a mass percentage of 0.1-0.5%.

[0023] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] (1) The preferred plantain seeds, fenugreek seeds, wormwood seeds, kelp, agar-agar and Gracilaria in the additive formula of the present invention are all natural raw materials, which can improve the water resistance of shrimp feed while ensuring the greenness and safety of the feed, reduce water pollution, save feed, and are suitable for promotion.

[0025] (2) The raw materials selected by the present invention have no toxic side effects and will not produce residues in the fish body and affect the normal life of the fish.

[0026] (3) After adding the additive prepared by the present invention to shrimp feed, the softening and permeability time of shrimp feed does not change significantly, and the shrimp feed remains soft but not loose after being soaked in water for a long time, which does not affect the hardness of the shrimp feed and thus does not affect the digestion, absorption and palatability of the shrimp.

[0027] (4) The surface of the additive prepared by the present invention is flat and uniform, smooth and fine without thorns.

[0028] (5) The additive prepared by the present invention can achieve triple waterproof protection and greatly improve the water resistance of shrimp feed. First, the extracted edible gum connects with water molecules to form a network structure under warm conditions, fixes other dispersion media in the network structure, and is not easily lost in water. In addition, the extracted edible gum begins to form a viscous gel when it comes into contact with water, which can be well bonded with other feed components, thereby reducing the feed powder rate. The edible gum distributed on the surface of the shrimp feed particles is firmly combined with the oil film composed of phospholipids inward, and forms a waterproof double barrier with the edible gum on the surface of the particles to prevent further water infiltration. Chitosan is a natural polymer raw material, which forms a glycolipid mixture with phospholipids and is wrapped by edible gum. Chitosan has a certain hydrophilicity and interacts with water molecules to form a thin film to prevent water molecules from penetrating and entering, thereby achieving a waterproof effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 Microscope observation results of shrimp feed with different amounts of additives added;

[0031] Figure 2 These are the appearance pictures of shrimp feeds treated with additives; A: shrimp feed without additives; B: shrimp feed with 0.3% additive prepared in Example 2 added. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0034] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0035] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0036] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 5 parts of Gracilaria.

[0039] Preparation method: Take the above raw materials according to the dosage of the formula, wash and dry them with hot air, mix and fully crush them, and then pass them through a 100-mesh sieve. Use ethanol to extract fat at 40°C for 1 hour, defat, use ethanol to remove fat-soluble substances, and then dry the defatted raw materials at 40°C to remove ethanol. Boil at 90°C for 30 minutes to obtain a mixed colloid, filter and concentrate, and obtain the above-mentioned additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 15 parts of fenugreek seeds, 10 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 10 parts of Gracilaria.

[0042] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 12 parts of plantain seeds, 13 parts of fenugreek seeds, 7 parts of wormwood seeds, 22 parts of kelp, 9 parts of agar-agar and 7 parts of Gracilaria.

[0045] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of chitosan, 22 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 14 parts of fenugreek seeds, 9 parts of wormwood seeds, 23 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 5 parts of Gracilaria.

[0048] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0049] Example 5

[0050] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of chitosan, 25 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 6 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 7 parts of agar-agar and 5 parts of Gracilaria.

[0051] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0052] Example 6

[0053] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 13 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 7 parts of Gracilaria.

[0054] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0055] Example 7

[0056] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of chitosan, 25 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 13 parts of plantain seeds, 14 parts of fenugreek seeds, 12 parts of wormwood seeds, 22 parts of kelp, 7 parts of agar-agar and 8 parts of Gracilaria.

[0057] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0058] Example 8

[0059] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 16 parts of plantain seeds, 13 parts of fenugreek seeds, 10 parts of wormwood seeds, 25 parts of kelp, 10 parts of agar-agar and 6 parts of Gracilaria.

[0060] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0061] Example 9

[0062] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of chitosan, 30 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 12 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 6 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 5 parts of Gracilaria.

[0063] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0064] Example 10

[0065] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 7 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 6 parts of Gracilaria.

[0066] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0067] Embodiment 11

[0068] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of chitosan, 22 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 20 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 6 parts of Gracilaria.

[0069] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0070] Example 12

[0071] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 13 parts of plantain seeds, 15 parts of fenugreek seeds, 12 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 5 parts of Gracilaria.

[0072] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0073] Embodiment 13

[0074] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 15 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 5 parts of Gracilaria.

[0075] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0076] Embodiment 14

[0077] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of chitosan, 22 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5 parts of wormwood seeds, 30 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 5 parts of Gracilaria.

[0078] Embodiment 15

[0079] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components by mass percentage: 13 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 15 parts of agar-agar and 5 parts of Gracilaria.

[0080] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0081] Example 16

[0082] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 12 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 13 parts of agar-agar and 10 parts of Gracilaria.

[0083] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0084] Embodiment 17

[0085] An additive for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of chitosan, 30 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 20 parts of plantain seeds, 15 parts of fenugreek seeds, 15 parts of wormwood seeds, 30 parts of kelp, 15 parts of agar-agar and 10 parts of Gracilaria.

[0086] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] The difference compared with Example 2 is that chitosan is omitted and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0089] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 2

[0091] The difference compared with Example 2 is that soybean lecithin powder is omitted and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0092] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 3

[0094] The difference compared with Example 2 is that the plantain seeds are omitted. Other conditions remain unchanged.

[0095] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0096] Comparative Example 4

[0097] The difference compared with Example 2 is that the fenugreek seeds are omitted. Other conditions remain unchanged.

[0098] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0099] Comparative Example 5

[0100] The difference compared with Example 2 is that the Artemisia ordosica seeds are omitted. Other conditions remain unchanged.

[0101] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0102] Comparative Example 6

[0103] The difference compared with Example 2 is that the kelp is omitted and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0104] Comparative Example 7

[0105] The difference compared with Example 2 is that the small agar-agar is omitted and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0106] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0107] Comparative Example 8

[0108] The difference compared with Example 2 is that Gracilaria is omitted and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0109] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0110] Comparative Example 9

[0111] The difference compared with Example 2 is that: 5 parts of chitosan and 10 parts of soybean lecithin powder are used. Other conditions remain unchanged.

[0112] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0113] Comparative Example 10

[0114] The difference compared with Example 2 is that 20 portions of Artemisia ordosica seeds are used. Other conditions remain unchanged.

[0115] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0116] Comparative Example 11

[0117] The difference compared with Example 2 is that: 15 parts of chitosan, 30 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 25 parts of plantain seeds, 20 parts of fenugreek seeds, 20 parts of wormwood seeds, 32 parts of kelp, 18 parts of agar-agar and 15 parts of Gracilaria.

[0118] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0119] The additives prepared in the above Examples 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-11 were added to the feed at a ratio of 0.1% by mass.

[0120] Weigh 10g of sample and put it into the prepared cylindrical sieve (the mesh frame is 6.5cm high, 6.5cm in diameter, and the metal mesh aperture is 0.850mm). The mesh is placed in a container with a water depth of 5.5cm and a water temperature of 25-28℃. After soaking for 6 hours, the feed in the net is placed in a 105℃ oven to constant weight. Take another feed of the same quality that has not been soaked in water, place it in a 105℃ oven to constant weight and determine its water content. Calculate the dissolution loss rate (A):

[0121]

[0122] Where: A-dissolution rate (%); X-water content of sample (%); C-mass of sample (g); G1-mass of sample in metal mesh after drying (g). Three parallel samples are measured for each sample, and the arithmetic mean is taken as the result.

[0123] Randomly select 20 complete feed sample pellets of the same length and place them in a glass dish, add 100mL of purified water, immerse all the pellets in the water, and start timing. After 5 minutes, randomly pick out 2 pellets of feed and press them lightly with a spoon. At this time, the pellets all have hard cores; then randomly pick out 2 pellets of feed every 1 minute and press them lightly with a spoon until there is no hard core. Record this time, which is the softening time of the pellets. Each sample is measured 3 times in parallel, and the arithmetic mean is the result.

[0124] Weigh 1000g of sample and put it into a prepared sealed bag. The sealed bag with sample is allowed to fall freely from 1m above the ground. Repeat this process 50 times, pour out the feed, pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and weigh it. Each sample is tested three times in parallel, and the arithmetic mean is taken as the result.

[0125] Table 1 Water resistance test results of additives prepared in Examples 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-11

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that compared with the control group (shrimp feed not treated with additives), the water resistance of Examples 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-11 is significantly improved, which is manifested in the increase in the time to start cracking, and the reduction in the cracking ratio, dissolution loss rate and powdering rate after soaking in water for 1 hour. And the results show that the water resistance of the formula of Example 2 is the best. If the softening time is too short, the loss of nutrients in the feed will be accelerated, and the nutritional value of the feed will be reduced. Too long softening time will cause the taste of the feed to deteriorate, making it difficult to eat and affecting the appetite of animals. Therefore, too long softening time is not ideal for feeding effect. The experimental results show that there is no significant difference in the softening time between Examples 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-11, but it does not affect the water resistance of the additives of Examples 1-17 of the present invention, and the softening time of Examples 1-17 after gradual optimization is significantly improved (P<0.05) compared with the control group, and the softening time is controlled at 8-11min.

[0129] Breeding experiment

[0130] 1. Experimental design

[0131] 1.1 Materials and methods

[0132] The additive was prepared according to the formula and preparation method of Example 2. Then, the additive was added to the shrimp compound feed (manufacturer: Jiangmen Xinhui Puhui Aquatic Feed Co., Ltd.) at a ratio of 0% (control group), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% to prepare the experimental feed, which was recorded as group C, group D1, group D2, group D3, group D4 and group D5.

[0133] Table 2 Feed formula (kg)

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] 1.2 Breeding management

[0137] The experimental shrimp was Penaeus vannamei from the pilot plant of Guangdong Nutriera Group Co., Ltd. Before the formal experiment, the experimental shrimp was temporarily kept in a large cage (6m long, 4m wide, and 2m high). During the temporary period, commercial feed was fed artificially, twice a day (7:00 and 17:00). The acclimation period lasted for 2 weeks. Before the experiment, healthy, vigorous, and uniformly sized experimental shrimp (1.00±0.05g) were selected and randomly assigned to 18 breeding barrels (diameter: 0.63m, height: 1.22m), and the feeding time was 7:00 and 17:00. The health of the shrimp was observed every day, and the weight, number, and water quality indicators of dead shrimp were recorded. Oxygen aeration was continuously used during the breeding process, the water temperature was 26-30℃, and the dissolved oxygen was>6mg / L. The breeding cycle lasted for 60 days.

[0138] 1.3 Data Collection and Analysis

[0139] After the experimental shrimps were reared for 8 weeks, their final body weight was weighed, and the survival rate, weight gain per tail, specific growth rate, and feed coefficient were calculated. The growth performance results of each experimental group are shown in Table 3 below:

[0140] Survival rate (%) = (the final number of surviving experimental shrimps in each group / the total number of experimental shrimps in each group) × 100%;

[0141] Single tail weight gain rate = (final weight of live experimental shrimp in each group - initial weight of live experimental shrimp in each group) / number of live experimental shrimp in each group × 100%;

[0142] Specific growth rate (% / d) = 100% × (ln final weight - ln initial weight) / culture days

[0143] Feed coefficient = total feed / (total weight of shrimp at the final harvest - total weight of shrimp at the initial breeding)

[0144] Table 3 Effects of different test feeds on the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei

[0145]

[0146] From the data in Table 3, it can be seen that the amount of additive added has no negative impact on the growth of Penaeus vannamei. The experimental results show that adding 0.3% of the additive prepared by the present invention to the shrimp feed reduces the feed coefficient of Penaeus vannamei. Figure 2 ) of Penaeus vannamei achieved the maximum weight gain rate and specific growth rate. This shows that the additive prepared by the present invention is beneficial to improving the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei when added to shrimp feed.

[0147] The water resistance of the additives prepared in the above Examples 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-11 was tested. The test method is: the prepared additives are tested with the above water resistance test, and the water resistance of shrimp feeds with different additives (taking the additives prepared in Example 2 as an example) is tested, specifically:

[0148] Control group: shrimp feed;

[0149] Group D1: Compared with the control group, the flour in the shrimp feed was reduced by 5% and the additive was filled with 0.1%;

[0150] Group D2: Compared with the control group, the flour in the shrimp feed was reduced by 5% and the additive was filled by 0.2%;

[0151] Group D3: Compared with the control group, the flour in the shrimp feed was reduced by 8% and the additive was filled by 0.3%;

[0152] Group D4: Compared with the control group, the flour in the shrimp feed was reduced by 8% and the additive was filled by 0.4%;

[0153] Group D5: Compared with the control group, the flour in the shrimp feed was reduced by 10% and the additive was filled with 0.5%.

[0154] After the additive and shrimp feed are evenly mixed according to the above preparation method, a water resistance test is carried out and the results are observed under a microscope.

[0155] The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the cracking degree of shrimp feed when the additive was reduced by 5% flour filling 0.1% or 0.2%, reduced by 8% flour filling 0.3% additive or 0.4% additive, and reduced by 10% flour filling 0.5%. This shows that adding the additive prepared by the present invention to the shrimp feed will not affect the water resistance of the shrimp feed.

[0156] In summary, the raw materials in the formula of the additive of the present invention are: chitosan, soybean lecithin powder, plantain seeds, fenugreek seeds, wormwood seeds, kelp, small agar and Gracilaria. Among them, kelp, small agar and Gracilaria are all raw materials for making glue. Kelp belongs to Phaeophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Laminariales, Laminariaceae, and Laminaria. Kelp has a mucus cavity and can secrete slippery substances. Gracilaria belongs to Rhodophyceae, True Rhodophyceae, Trichodermales, and Gracilariaceae. The body of Gracilaria contains a large amount of agar (the dry product glue content is more than 25%). Small agar belongs to Rhodophyceae, True Rhodophyceae, Geliales, Geliaceae, and Geli. The content of carbohydrates in small agar is 75.2%, the content of dehydrated galactose is 33%, the content of galactose is 25.6%, and the content of glucose in Geli is 16.6%. Plantain seeds contain a large amount of psyllium seed gum. The psyllium seed gum aqueous solution has the characteristics of high viscosity. It can form a gel with weak water holding capacity but viscoelasticity at 90°C. Artemisia gum has the characteristics of high nutrient content and high viscosity. During conditioning, artemisia gum reduces the surface tension of water, accelerates the penetration of water into protein molecules and starch particles, and helps starch gelatinization. In addition, artemisia gum cross-links with starch molecules to further improve the cohesion between the components and effectively improve the texture of feed. Fenugreek seeds contain a large amount of fenugreek gum. Fenugreek gum can produce a very high viscosity when it meets water, and its viscosity is higher than that of guar gum, a commonly used additive in feed. Chitosan is a natural polymer raw material that forms a glycolipid mixture with phospholipids and is wrapped by edible gum. Chitosan has a certain hydrophilicity and interacts with water molecules to form a thin film to prevent water molecules from penetrating. Then, the formula containing the above raw materials is prepared into an additive and added to shrimp feed, which can effectively improve the water resistance of shrimp feed. In addition, the present invention also effectively reduces the amount of flour used in shrimp feed by adding additives. Therefore, the present invention provides an additive that can reduce the amount of flour added to shrimp feed and improve the water resistance of shrimp feed, providing a theoretical basis and a new additive for solving the problem of poor water resistance of shrimp feed at present, and laying a foundation for feed manufacturers to reduce costs and increase efficiency.

[0157] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed, characterized in that: Replacing part of the flour in the shrimp basic feed with the additive, wherein, based on the total amount of the shrimp basic feed, 0.1%-0.5% by weight of the additive replaces 5%-10% of the flour in the shrimp basic feed; The additive consists of the following components in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of chitosan, 20-30 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10-20 parts of plantain seeds, 12-15 parts of fenugreek seeds, 5-15 parts of wormwood seeds, 20-30 parts of kelp, 5-15 parts of agar-agar and 5-10 parts of Gracilaria.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The additive consists of the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 10 parts of plantain seeds, 15 parts of fenugreek seeds, 10 parts of wormwood seeds, 20 parts of kelp, 5 parts of agar-agar and 10 parts of Gracilaria.

3. Use of the additive according to claim 1 or 2 in any of the following: (1) Application in the preparation of shrimp feed additives; (2) Application in the preparation of highly water-resistant shrimp feed; (3) Application in reducing the amount of flour added in shrimp feed and improving the water resistance of shrimp feed.

4. A method for preparing the additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The raw materials are mixed according to the formula ratio, cleaned and dried, and then crushed and sieved to obtain a mixed powder; Extracting the mixed powder with ethanol to defat and remove fat-soluble substances in the mixed powder; The defatted mixed powder is firstly subjected to ethanol removal, and then boiled to obtain a mixed colloid, which is then filtered and concentrated to obtain the additive.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The screening is through a 100-200 mesh sieve.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ethanol extraction conditions are: extraction at 40-50° C. for 1-2 h.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The boiling condition is 80-90° C. for 30-60 min.

8. A shrimp feed additive, characterized in that: The invention comprises the additive as claimed in claim 1 or 2.

9. A shrimp feed with high water resistance, characterized in that: The additive described in claim 1 or 2 is added to the basic shrimp feed at a mass percentage of 0.1-0.5%.

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