A full network coverage system for offshore wind turbines

Abstract

A full network coverage system for an offshore wind turbine comprises a wind turbine, a base station, an amplification unit, an expansion unit, an antenna and a feeder; the wind turbine comprises a tower and a cabin, the amplification unit comprises a proximal amplification unit and a distal amplification unit; an interface at one end of the base station is connected to a base station antenna for forming signal coverage on the tower; an interface at the other end is connected to a proximal amplification unit via a feeder for transmitting base station signals to the proximal amplification unit; the proximal amplification unit is connected to an expansion unit via a feeder, and the expansion unit is respectively connected to several distal amplification units via feeders for forwarding base station signals to the distal amplification unit; a distal amplification unit is also arranged in the cabin for wireless signal transmission with one of the distal amplification units arranged in the tower; an amplification unit antenna is arranged in each amplification unit to achieve uniform and full coverage of wind turbine signals; and the amplification units are centrally powered by feeders to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and more specifically, to a full-coverage network system for offshore wind turbines. Background Art

[0002] Offshore wind power generation has attracted more and more attention as a form of clean and renewable energy, but offshore wind power generation projects are usually located in areas far from land at sea, and remote monitoring and control have become an indispensable requirement. Through communication technology, operators can monitor the operating status of wind farms, wind turbine performance and offshore meteorological conditions in real time, and remotely control equipment for adjustment and maintenance to maximize power generation efficiency and safety. In addition, offshore wind power projects will generate a large amount of data, including wind speed, wind direction, power generation, equipment operating status, etc. Communication technology can also realize real-time transmission and processing of offshore data, providing operators with timely and accurate data support, so as to conduct data analysis, prediction and optimization, improve power generation efficiency and reduce operating costs. At the same time, offshore wind power generation projects will also face various safety risks such as storms, tsunamis, and ship collisions, requiring timely and effective safety monitoring and emergency response mechanisms. Communication technology can achieve timely communication and data sharing with rescue agencies, improve the efficiency and accuracy of accident emergency response, and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0003] However, in the existing technology, the current internal coverage network of offshore wind turbine towers mainly adopts a combination of wireless WiFi and wired networks. This method still has many shortcomings: 1. The coverage of wireless WiFi is limited, and the towers are mostly metal partition structures, so WiFi cannot achieve full coverage of the signal in the tower; 2. Wireless WiFi is an unauthorized spectrum with weak anti-interference ability and low security level. The surrounding electronic equipment and physical obstacles (such as metal partitions) can easily cause the WiFi signal to be unstable, affecting the network quality and reducing the user experience. 3. WiFi only supports data services, not voice services, and cannot meet the communication needs of inspection personnel and the ground. 4. In the traditional wireless mobile network architecture, each offshore wind turbine tower needs to use 2 submarine optical fiber resources for backhaul. If a multi-wind turbine series solution is used to achieve offshore wind turbine tower coverage, each wind turbine needs a fiber core to communicate with the ground, and the required fiber core resources are twice the number of series-connected wind turbines. At the same time, offshore wind power fiber core resources are scarce and expensive, and the capacity of personnel inspection and business demand inside the wind turbine tower is low. The traditional wireless network solution for multi-wind turbine series scenarios cannot be deployed. 5. The cabin area on top of the fan can rotate in multiple directions, which can easily cause failure of wired network equipment.

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a full network coverage system for offshore wind turbines to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Through the base station cascading technology, the backhaul fiber core resources of the offshore wind turbine tower can be effectively saved. At the same time, through the hierarchical amplification technology, all parts of the wind turbine can be fully covered, and centralized power supply of feeders can be realized to ensure the safe operation of equipment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to overcome at least one defect (shortcoming) of the above-mentioned prior art and provide an offshore wind turbine network full coverage system for solving the problems in the prior art of being unable to achieve full-area signal coverage in the tower, unstable signals, no support for voice services, large demand for submarine optical fiber resources when multiple wind turbines are connected in series, difficulty in personnel inspection inside the wind turbine tower, and easy failure of wired network equipment when the cabin area on the top of the wind turbine rotates in multiple directions.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a full coverage system of an offshore wind turbine network, the system comprising a base station, an amplification unit, an expansion unit, an antenna and a feeder; the amplification unit comprises a proximal amplification unit and a distal amplification unit;

[0007] The interface at one end of the base station is connected to the base station antenna, which is used to form a layer of signal coverage on the tower; the interface at the other end is connected to the near-end amplifier unit through a feeder line, which is used to transmit the base station signal to the near-end amplifier unit;

[0008] The near-end amplification unit is connected to the extension unit via a feeder, and the extension unit is respectively connected to several far-end amplification units via feeders, so as to forward the base station signal to the far-end amplification unit;

[0009] A remote amplification unit is also provided in the wind turbine cabin, and wireless signal transmission is performed with one of the remote amplification units provided in the tower;

[0010] Amplifying unit antennas are provided in the amplifying units for signal radiation, thereby achieving uniform and full coverage of the fan signal; and the amplifying units are centrally powered by feeders to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

[0011] In the present invention, by setting amplification units at multiple different positions of the tower, and providing antennas in the amplification units, the number of the antennas can be set to be no less than 2, so as to realize omnidirectional radiation of signals upward and downward, so that the base station signal at the bottom of the tower is covered in the entire tower, and a wireless amplification unit is also set in the wind turbine cabin to receive the signal at the top of the tower in a wireless manner, so that the wind turbine cabin position can also be covered by the signal without affecting the rotation of the head, effectively avoiding the failure of the network equipment, and finally realizing full coverage of the signal in each layer of the space inside the wind turbine.

[0012] Preferably, the system also includes an intelligent compensation unit, which includes a detection terminal and a power control terminal. The detection terminal is used to continuously monitor the signal strength, and the signal strength data is reported to the power control terminal. The power control terminal is used to monitor the range of the signal strength, thereby sending instructions to the amplification unit to dynamically adjust the signal strength.

[0013] In actual signal transmission, when wireless signals are transmitted in feeders, there will be transmission losses, mainly including conductor loss, dielectric loss and radiation loss, etc. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of signal transmission, it is necessary to compensate for the losses. In the present invention, an intelligent compensation unit is set to realize intelligent dynamic compensation of the signal. By real-time monitoring of the signal strength, the strength of the signal sent in the amplification unit is adjusted in time when it is too high or too low, thereby compensating for the losses and ensuring the quality of signal transmission.

[0014] Preferably, the signal strength is dynamically adjusted by adjusting the internal gain in the amplifying unit, and the adjustable internal gain range is 38-68db.

[0015] In electronic equipment and communication systems, gain adjustment has a great influence on signal strength. Therefore, in the present invention, the gain of the amplifying unit is adjusted to amplify or weaken the signal, thereby achieving the required signal strength level, so that the signal strength of the amplifying unit is within a suitable dynamic range, ensuring uniform signal coverage in the fan.

[0016] Preferably,

[0017] When the signal strength RSRP>-10dbm, the signal strength is too high, and the power control terminal sends a control instruction to the amplification unit to reduce the internal gain, thereby reducing the signal strength;

[0018] When the signal strength is -40dbm≤RSRP≤-10dbm, the signal strength is appropriate and there is no need to adjust the signal strength;

[0019] When the signal strength RSRP≤-40dbm, the signal strength is too low, and the power control terminal sends a control instruction to the amplification unit to increase the internal gain, thereby increasing the signal strength.

[0020] In actual applications, the environmental factors inside the wind turbine determine the different installation locations of the equipment, and thus the length setting of the feeder and its loss are also uncertain. Therefore, a dynamic adjustment range is set, and intelligent compensation adjustment is performed by relying on the amplification unit, thereby greatly improving the diversity of the deployment of base stations and amplification units in the wind turbine.

[0021] Preferably, the system is composed of a plurality of wind turbines connected in series, and a cascade unit is also provided in the base station of the wind turbine. The cascade units in different base stations establish a transmission link through one of the fiber cores in the original submarine optical cable, thereby realizing the cascade between different base stations.

[0022] In offshore wind power projects, due to the shortage and high cost of submarine optical fiber resources, multiple wind turbines are usually deployed in series. However, in order to meet actual communication needs in the prior art, each wind turbine base station requires an optical cable to communicate with the onshore base station for data transmission and exchange, which consumes a large amount of fiber core resources and also causes maintenance difficulties, which cannot meet actual needs. For this reason, a cascade unit is provided in the present invention. When multiple wind turbines are cascaded, one of the original fiber cores in the submarine optical cable is preferably used for data transmission. While satisfying the data exchange capability, a large amount of submarine fiber core resources can also be saved.

[0023] Further preferably, after receiving a data packet, the cascade unit broadcasts it to all ports according to the MAC address, and after receiving a response, establishes a port correspondence table for reception and output, so that data packets with the same MAC address can select the corresponding port according to the port correspondence table for transmission with the cascaded upper and lower base stations, thereby realizing rapid forwarding and exchange of data.

[0024] There are multiple ports in the cascade unit, and each port corresponds to a corresponding MAC address. By establishing the corresponding port correspondence table in advance, the need to broadcast the MAC address every time can be avoided. Subsequent data packets with the same MAC address can also skip the process of querying all ports and directly select the corresponding port according to the port correspondence table to cascade with the upper and lower base stations, thereby realizing rapid forwarding and exchange of data.

[0025] More preferably, a specific frame check sequence is also provided in the data packet. When data is transmitted, the sender calculates the check value of the frame and writes it into the frame check sequence. The receiver recalculates the value and compares it with the check value in the frame check sequence. If the two values ​​are consistent, it indicates that no data loss or change occurs during the transmission process; if the two values ​​are inconsistent, it indicates that data loss or change occurs during the transmission process; thereby achieving lossless transmission of data.

[0026] During the data transmission process, data packet loss may occur easily, thus causing data loss. For this reason, in the present invention, a specific frame check sequence is also set in the data packet to check whether the data is lost or changed, thereby achieving lossless transmission of data.

[0027] Preferably, a photoelectric converter is provided in the cascade unit, and the photoelectric converter is used to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal and modulate the optical signal so that the transmitted data is transmitted through the optical fiber in the submarine optical cable in the form of an optical signal.

[0028] In signal transmission, the transmission speed of optical signals is much faster than that of electrical signals. Transmitting data in optical cables can achieve extremely high transmission rates, meeting the large capacity and high speed requirements of today's information transmission. In addition, optical signals are almost unaffected by electromagnetic interference during transmission, so they can be transmitted over long distances in places with complex electromagnetic environments while maintaining data stability and reliability. In addition, optical signals do not generate electromagnetic radiation when transmitted in optical cables, so they are not easily eavesdropped or intercepted, which improves the security of data transmission. At the same time, optical cables are non-conductive and not easily affected by lightning strikes, so they have high lightning resistance and are suitable for long-distance transmission in severe weather conditions. In summary, in the present invention, a photoelectric converter is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals, so that data can be transmitted on optical cables in the form of optical signals, greatly improving the speed of data transmission, and also achieving low data transmission loss, strong anti-interference, and high security.

[0029] Preferably, a network port is provided in the cascade unit, and the network port is used to receive data of the base station itself, and after conversion by an optoelectronic converter, the data is aggregated to a corresponding port for data transmission and exchange with cascaded upper and lower base stations.

[0030] The data of the base station itself is aggregated through the network port, and converted into electrical signals using an optoelectronic converter. The data is then aggregated to the corresponding port and transmitted to the upper or lower base station, thereby ensuring that each node can exchange data in a cascade deployment.

[0031] Preferably, the base station is an integrated base station that can output at least 2 4G signals and 2 5G signals, and has higher flexibility and applicability when dealing with different network conditions and requirements.

[0032] At present, the popularization and coverage of 5G networks is not comprehensive enough, and there are still many 4G devices. Technically, 5G signals usually adopt new technical standards and frequency bands, which are different from 4G signals. Under normal circumstances, 4G signals do not have the ability to be upwardly compatible with 5G signals, and 4G devices usually cannot directly receive or process 5G signals. Therefore, in the present invention, the base station is set as an integrated base station, so that it can not only output 4G signals but also 5G signals, so that the device has the support capability of multiple network technologies, can realize communication connection in different network environments, provide a wider coverage and faster data transmission speed, and have higher flexibility and applicability when dealing with different network conditions and requirements. In addition, the use of submarine optical cables to transmit signals can also enable communications to support voice services, meeting the needs of patrol personnel and ground communications.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. Use a graded amplification technology system to evenly cover each layer of space inside the fan.

[0035] According to the internal networking requirements of the wind turbine, the expansion unit is connected to multiple remote amplifier units to provide data aggregation and distribution functions. The number of remote amplifier units and the number of coverage antennas can be increased or decreased according to the height of the wind turbine and the partition space to achieve uniform coverage.

[0036] 2. Adopt cascade and feeder power supply technology to realize the series connection and centralized power supply of proximal / remote amplifier units at all levels.

[0037] When the base station is working downlink, the extension unit and the near-end / remote amplification unit receive the integrated base station downlink data, and transmit it to the terminal after branch processing; when working uplink, the extension unit and the near-end / remote amplification unit aggregate the uplink data and send it to the integrated base station. The near-end / remote amplification unit supports at least 2 levels of cascading and can continue to expand to the next level wirelessly. The extension unit also provides feeder power supply for the near-end / remote amplification unit, so the near-end / remote amplification unit no longer needs to be powered separately, solving the problem of separate power supply for the equipment.

[0038] 3. Use base station cascade technology to save fiber core resources

[0039] Each base station can forward uplink and downlink data with the previous and next base stations, and connect several wind turbines in series that are transmitted back to a booster station. All data is transmitted through one fiber core link, thereby saving optical fiber resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal system structure of a fan provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a multi-wind turbine networking solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another multi-wind turbine networking solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The drawings of the present invention are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; it is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] The technical solution adopted in this embodiment is a full coverage system of offshore wind turbine network, such as Figure 1 As shown, a schematic diagram of the internal system structure of a wind turbine provided in this embodiment, the system includes a base station, an amplification unit, an expansion unit, an antenna and a feeder; the amplification unit includes a remote amplification unit and a near-end amplification unit;

[0046] In this embodiment, the base station is set at the bottom of the wind turbine tower, and one end of the interface is connected to the base station antenna. The base station antenna used is an omnidirectional antenna. The range of the transmission and reception of the omnidirectional antenna is omnidirectional, that is, the signal can be transmitted within a range of 360 degrees, thereby forming a layer of signal coverage at the bottom of the wind turbine tower; and setting the base station at the bottom of the tower is also convenient for inspection personnel to inspect it. In addition, the other end interface of the base station is connected to the proximal amplification unit set in the middle of the tower through a feeder, which is used to transmit the base station signal to the proximal amplification unit;

[0047] The proximal amplification unit is connected to an expansion unit arranged in the middle of the tower through a feeder, and the expansion unit is connected to remote amplification units arranged at different positions in the tower through feeders, so as to forward the base station signal received at the proximal end to the remote amplification unit. In this embodiment, the remote amplification units are respectively arranged at the upper middle and lower middle positions and the top position of the tower, so as to achieve signal coverage in all spatial positions on each floor of the tower.

[0048] In addition, a remote amplification unit is provided in the wind turbine cabin, which transmits wireless signals to the remote amplification unit arranged at the top of the tower, avoiding the use of feeder lines. This ensures that the network equipment in the cabin will not be damaged when the wind turbine head rotates, and can also ensure that the base station signal can cover the cabin.

[0049] In addition, in the present embodiment, both the remote amplification unit and the proximal amplification unit are provided with an amplification unit antenna, which can be used for signal radiation, and the number of antennas can be selected and set according to actual needs. In the present embodiment, the number of antennas is set to 2, so that the amplification unit can use the antenna to radiate upward and downward, thereby achieving uniform full coverage of spatial signals in each layer of the wind turbine; and the remote amplification unit and the proximal amplification unit are also centrally powered by feeders to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

[0050] In the embodiment, by setting amplification units at multiple different positions of the wind turbine tower, the base station signal at the bottom of the tower is covered in the entire tower, and a wireless amplification unit is also set in the wind turbine cabin to receive the signal at the top of the tower wirelessly, so that the wind turbine cabin position can also cover the signal while not affecting the rotation of the head, effectively avoiding the failure of network equipment, and finally achieving full coverage of the signal in the wind turbine area.

[0051] The transmission loss of wireless signals in feeders (such as coaxial cables) mainly includes replacement loss, dielectric loss and radiation loss. Among them, dielectric loss increases with the square of frequency. 5G uses a higher sub6G frequency band (such as 3.5GHz or higher). Compared with the low frequency band of 4G (such as 1.8GHz), the loss of feeders of the same length increases significantly. For example, the loss of 1.8G signal transmitted using 3D-FB feeder is 59.4dB / 100m, and the loss of 3.5G signal transmitted is 85.9dB / 100m. It can be seen that the loss of feeders of the same length increases significantly. Therefore, feeder loss compensation is required to ensure the quality of data transmission.

[0052] Preferably, in this embodiment, in addition to setting an amplification unit (such as a low noise amplifier) ​​at an appropriate position of the feeder to compensate for the transmission loss of the feeder, an intelligent compensation unit is also set to perform intelligent dynamic compensation for the wireless network signal. The intelligent compensation unit includes a detection terminal and a power control terminal, and the detection terminal is used to continuously monitor the signal strength, and the signal strength data is reported to the power control terminal. The power control terminal is used to monitor the range of the signal strength, so as to send instructions to the amplification unit to dynamically adjust the signal strength.

[0053] In actual signal transmission and radiation, the amplification unit receives the signal source through wired or wireless means, wired means through the feeder, and wireless means through the antenna. No matter how the signal is transmitted, there will be transmission loss, mainly including conductor loss, dielectric loss and radiation loss, etc. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of signal transmission, the loss needs to be compensated. The loss caused by feeder transmission can be compensated by using low-loss materials, adopting appropriate feeder design, using attenuators, amplifiers or repeaters, etc.;

[0054] As for the losses caused by wireless methods, in this embodiment, an intelligent compensation unit is set up to achieve intelligent dynamic compensation of the signal. By monitoring the signal strength in real time, the strength of the signal sent in the amplification unit is adjusted in time when it is too high or too low. The optimization is continuously performed based on the feedback from the detection terminal to achieve dynamic compensation for the losses and ensure the quality of signal transmission.

[0055] Preferably, the signal strength is dynamically adjusted by adjusting the internal gain in the amplifying unit, and the adjustable internal gain range is 38-68db.

[0056] In this embodiment, the output power of the base station is set to 24dbm, and the minimum signal strength that the amplification unit can monitor is about -50dbm, that is, the base station inputs the signal to the amplifier through the loss of the 90m 3D feeder, and the signal can also be received; the amplifier allows the maximum input signal strength to be about -5dbm, and too high may cause damage to the internal gain module; the amplifier internal gain adjustable range is 38 to 68db, and the amplification circuit is realized by controlling the internal gain. Secondly, when the default output signal strength is about 20dbm, if the input signal strength is detected to be -10dbm, a gain of 30 is used to output a signal with a strength of 20dbm; if the input signal strength is detected to be -40dbm, a gain of 60 is used to output a signal with a strength of 20dbm;

[0057] It can be seen that in electronic equipment and communication systems, gain adjustment has a great influence on signal strength. Therefore, in the present invention, by adjusting the internal gain of the amplifying unit, the signal can be amplified or weakened to achieve the required signal strength level, so that the signal strength of the amplifying unit is within a suitable dynamic range, thereby ensuring uniform coverage of the signal in the fan.

[0058] Preferably, in this embodiment, the signal strength range is set as follows:

[0059] When the signal strength RSRP>-10dbm, the signal strength is too high, and the power control terminal sends a control instruction to the amplification unit to reduce the internal gain, thereby reducing the signal strength;

[0060] When the signal strength is -40dbm≤RSRP≤-10dbm, the signal strength is appropriate and there is no need to adjust the signal strength;

[0061] When the signal strength RSRP≤-40dbm, the signal strength is too low, and the power control terminal sends a control instruction to the amplification unit to increase the internal gain, thereby increasing the signal strength.

[0062] In actual applications, the environmental factors inside the wind turbine determine the different installation locations of the equipment, and thus the length setting of the feeder and its loss are also uncertain. Therefore, a dynamic adjustment range is set, and intelligent compensation adjustment is performed by relying on the amplification unit, thereby greatly improving the diversity of the deployment of base stations and amplification units in the wind turbine.

[0063] In an offshore wind turbine project, multiple wind turbines are usually installed. There are multiple ways to network wind turbines. In addition, in order to save submarine optical cable resources, offshore wind turbines are usually cascaded in series. Therefore, a cascade unit is also provided in the base station described in this embodiment. The cascade units in different base stations establish a transmission link through one of the fiber cores in the original submarine optical cable, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of one of the multi-level networking solutions provided for this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the booster station is connected to the head-end wind turbine through a submarine optical cable, and the remaining wind turbines are cascaded with the head-end wind turbine through the submarine optical cable. The networking is carried out through a one-word serial structure to achieve cascading between different base stations and achieve full coverage of offshore wind turbines and onshore communication network signals.

[0064] In addition, in offshore wind power projects, due to the shortage and high cost of submarine optical fiber resources, multiple wind turbines are usually deployed in series. However, in order to meet actual communication needs in the prior art, each wind turbine base station requires an optical cable to communicate with the onshore base station for data transmission and exchange, which consumes a large amount of fiber core resources and also causes maintenance difficulties, which cannot meet actual needs. For this reason, a cascade unit is provided in the present invention. When multiple wind turbines are cascaded, one of the original fiber cores in the submarine optical cable is preferably used for data transmission. While satisfying the data exchange capability, a large amount of submarine fiber core resources can also be saved.

[0065] Preferably, if Figure 2 As shown, after receiving the data packet, the cascade unit of each wind turbine broadcasts it to all ports according to the MAC address. After receiving the response, a port correspondence table for reception and output is established, so that data packets with the same MAC address can select the corresponding port according to the port correspondence table for transmission with the cascaded upper and lower base stations, thereby realizing fast forwarding and exchange of data.

[0066] There are multiple ports in the cascade unit, and each port corresponds to a corresponding MAC address. By establishing the corresponding port correspondence table in advance, the need to broadcast the MAC address every time can be avoided. Subsequent data packets with the same MAC address can also skip the process of querying all ports and directly select the corresponding port according to the port correspondence table to cascade with the upper and lower base stations, thereby realizing rapid forwarding and exchange of data.

[0067] Preferably, when data transmission is performed, a specific frame check sequence is also set in the data packet. When data transmission is performed, the sender calculates the check value of the frame and writes it into the frame check sequence. The receiver recalculates the value and compares it with the check value in the frame check sequence. If the two values ​​are consistent, it indicates that no data loss or change occurs during the transmission process; if the two values ​​are inconsistent, it indicates that data loss or change occurs during the transmission process; thereby achieving lossless transmission of data.

[0068] During the data transmission process, data packet loss may occur easily, thus causing data loss. For this reason, in the present invention, a specific frame check sequence is also set in the data packet to check whether the data is lost or changed, thereby achieving lossless transmission of data.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, when data is transmitted uplink, that is, when data needs to be transmitted from wind turbine 4 back to the booster station, wind turbine 4 first calculates the check value of the frame and writes it into the frame check sequence, and then transmits it to the corresponding port of wind turbine 3 through one of the fiber cores in the submarine optical cable through the data packet. After receiving the data packet, wind turbine 3 recalculates the check value of the frame and compares it with the frame check sequence stored in the data packet. If they are consistent, it proves that the data has not been lost and has not changed. If they are inconsistent, it means that the data has been lost or changed, and wind turbine 4 needs to resend it. Therefore, lossless transmission of data can be achieved through the above operations.

[0070] Preferably, the cascade unit is provided with a photoelectric converter, which is used to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal and modulate the optical signal so that the transmitted data is transmitted through the optical fiber in the submarine optical cable in the form of an optical signal. Figure 2 As shown, before data is transmitted, it needs to be converted into an optical signal using a photoelectric converter and then modulated before it can be transmitted in the submarine optical cable in the form of an optical signal.

[0071] In signal transmission, the transmission speed of optical signals is much faster than that of electrical signals. Transmitting data in optical cables can achieve extremely high transmission rates, meeting the large capacity and high speed requirements of today's information transmission. In addition, optical signals are almost unaffected by electromagnetic interference during transmission, so they can be transmitted over long distances in places with complex electromagnetic environments while maintaining data stability and reliability. In addition, optical signals do not generate electromagnetic radiation when transmitted in optical cables, so they are not easily eavesdropped or intercepted, which improves the security of data transmission. At the same time, optical cables are non-conductive and not easily affected by lightning strikes, so they have high lightning resistance and are suitable for long-distance transmission in severe weather conditions. In summary, in the present invention, a photoelectric converter is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals, so that data can be transmitted on optical cables in the form of optical signals, greatly improving the speed of data transmission, and also achieving low data transmission loss, strong anti-interference, and high security.

[0072] Preferably, a network port is also provided in the cascade unit, and the network port is used to receive data of the base station itself, such as Figure 2 As shown, when wind turbine 3 transmits data uplink to wind turbine 2, it is also necessary to aggregate the data of wind turbine 3 itself collected by the network port and the data received from wind turbine 4 to the designated port, and then transmit the aggregated data to wind turbine 2, and the same applies to other wind turbines. Correspondingly, in the data downlink transmission, each wind turbine in the network also performs the same operation as above, thereby realizing the data transmission and exchange in the cascaded upper and lower base stations in the network.

[0073] The data of the base station itself is aggregated through the network port, and converted into electrical signals using an optoelectronic converter. The data is then aggregated to the corresponding port and transmitted to the upper or lower base station, thereby ensuring that each node can exchange data in a cascade deployment.

[0074] Preferably, the base station is an integrated base station that can output at least 2 4G signals and 2 5G signals, and has higher flexibility and applicability when dealing with different network conditions and requirements.

[0075] At present, the popularization and coverage of 5G networks is not comprehensive enough, and there are still many 4G devices. Technically, 5G signals usually adopt new technical standards and frequency bands, which are different from 4G signals. Under normal circumstances, 4G signals do not have the ability to be upwardly compatible with 5G signals, and 4G devices usually cannot directly receive or process 5G signals. Therefore, in the present invention, the base station is set as an integrated base station, so that it can not only output 4G signals but also 5G signals, so that the device has the support capability of multiple network technologies, can realize communication connection in different network environments, provide a wider coverage and faster data transmission speed, and have higher flexibility and applicability when dealing with different network conditions and requirements. In addition, the combination of submarine optical cables to transmit signals can also enable communications to support voice services. The voice services provided have better stability than the call quality of calls made with the help of WIFI in the prior art, and the call quality is also better, the sound is more real and natural, and there is no obvious distortion, which meets the needs of patrol personnel to communicate with the ground.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another multi-wind turbine networking solution provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, another "Y"-shaped offshore wind turbine networking method is provided. Before the data signal is transmitted, the MAC address is broadcasted in the network first, so that a relative port correspondence table is established in each wind turbine, which saves the time required for each MAC address broadcast for subsequent data transmission, thereby realizing rapid forwarding and exchange of data.

[0078] Secondly, for example, when it is necessary to perform uplink data transmission in an offshore wind turbine network, first, wind turbines 3 and 4 use their respective network ports to collect their own data, and then summarize them into corresponding ports according to the port correspondence table. The photoelectric converters in the cascade units of wind turbines 3 and 4 themselves convert the electrical signals into optical signals, and then use one of the fiber cores in the submarine optical cable to transmit them to the designated port of wind turbine 2. Then, in wind turbine 2, the signals collected by each amplification unit are transmitted back to the base station through the feeder line, and then the electrical signals are converted into optical signals through the photoelectric converter. The network port is used to collect the data of the base station itself, and then summarized into the designated port according to the port correspondence table, and transmitted back to wind turbine 1 through the submarine optical cable together with the received data of wind turbines 3 and 4. By analogy, when data needs to be transmitted downlink, the above method can also be used to achieve it.

[0079] Finally, the technical means provided by the scheme of the present invention can not only realize the data aggregation and distribution inside the wind turbine, and the full and uniform coverage of data signals, but also each base station in the network can realize the fast forwarding exchange and lossless transmission of uplink and downlink data with the previous and next base stations, and cascade technology is used to transmit several wind turbines back to a booster station. All data is transmitted through one fiber core link, which can also save a lot of optical fiber resources.

[0080] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation methods of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the claims of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full network coverage system for offshore wind turbines, characterized in that: The system includes: a wind turbine, a base station, an amplification unit, an expansion unit, an antenna and a feeder; wherein the wind turbine is composed of a tower and a nacelle, and the amplification unit includes a proximal amplification unit and a distal amplification unit; One end interface of the base station is connected to the base station antenna, which is used to form signal coverage in the tower; the other end interface is connected to the near-end amplifier unit through a feeder, which is used to transmit the base station signal to the near-end amplifier unit; The near-end amplification unit is connected to the extension unit via a feeder, and the extension unit is respectively connected to several far-end amplification units via feeders, so as to forward the base station signal to the far-end amplification unit; A remote amplification unit is also provided in the cabin, and wireless signal transmission is performed with one of the remote amplification units provided in the tower; Amplifying unit antennas are provided in the proximal amplifying unit and the distal amplifying unit for signal radiation, thereby achieving uniform and full coverage of the fan signal; and the proximal amplifying unit and the distal amplifying unit are centrally powered by feeders to ensure safe operation of the equipment; The base station is arranged at the bottom of the wind turbine tower; the expansion unit is arranged at the middle of the tower; the proximal amplification unit is arranged at the middle of the tower; and the distal amplification unit is arranged at the upper middle, lower middle and top positions of the tower respectively.

2. The offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system also includes an intelligent compensation unit, which includes a detection terminal and a power control terminal. The detection terminal is used to continuously monitor the signal strength and report the signal strength data to the power control terminal. The power control terminal is used to monitor the range of the signal strength, thereby sending instructions to the amplification unit to dynamically adjust the signal strength.

3. The offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In the amplifying unit, the signal strength is dynamically adjusted by adjusting the internal gain, and the adjustable internal gain range is 38-68db.

4. The offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the signal strength RSRP>-10dbm, the signal strength is too high, and the power control terminal sends a control instruction to the amplification unit to reduce the internal gain, thereby reducing the signal strength; When the signal strength is -40dbm≤RSRP≤-10dbm, the signal strength is appropriate and there is no need to adjust the signal strength; When the signal strength RSRP≤-40dbm, the signal strength is too low, and the power control terminal sends a control instruction to the amplification unit to increase the internal gain, thereby increasing the signal strength.

5. The offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system is composed of a number of wind turbines connected in series, and a cascade unit is also provided in the base station of the wind turbine. The cascade units in different base stations establish a transmission link through one of the fiber cores in the original submarine optical cable, thereby realizing the cascade between different base stations.

6. The offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: After receiving a data packet, the cascade unit broadcasts it to all ports according to the MAC address. After receiving a response, it establishes a port correspondence table for reception and output, so that data packets with the same MAC address can select the corresponding port according to the port correspondence table for transmission with the cascaded upper and lower base stations, thereby realizing fast forwarding and exchange of data.

7. The offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A specific frame check sequence is also set in the data packet. During data transmission, the sender calculates the check value of the frame and writes it into the frame check sequence. The receiver recalculates the value and compares it with the check value in the frame check sequence. If the two values ​​are consistent, it means that no data loss or change occurs during the transmission process; if the two values ​​are inconsistent, it means that data loss or change occurs during the transmission process, thereby achieving lossless data transmission.

8. The offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cascade unit is provided with a photoelectric converter, which is used to convert an electrical signal into an optical signal and modulate the optical signal so that the transmitted data is transmitted through optical fiber in the submarine optical cable in the form of an optical signal.

9. The offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A network port is provided in the cascade unit, and the network port is used to receive data of the base station itself, and after conversion by the photoelectric converter, the data is aggregated to the corresponding optical port to perform data transmission and exchange with the cascaded upper and lower base stations.

10. An offshore wind turbine network full coverage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The base station is an integrated base station that can output at least 2 4G signals and 2 5G signals, and has higher flexibility and applicability when dealing with different network conditions and requirements.

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