A multifunctional rice direct seeding film covering machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and specifically discloses a multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine. It comprises a frame and a rotary tillage and soil throwing device, a fertilizing device, a sowing device, a soil guiding device, a furrowing device, a film covering film laying device and a side soil covering device all connected to the frame. The rotary tillage and soil throwing device comprises a rotary tillage mechanism and a suppression mechanism. The rotary tillage mechanism is suitable for fine crushing and rotary throwing of the surface soil of the cultivated land. The suppression mechanism is connected to the front side of the rotary tillage mechanism through an adjustable supporting mechanism, and is suitable for suppressing and leveling the surface soil of the cultivated land before rotary tillage and soil throwing and for contouring support of the rotary tillage mechanism. The soil guiding device comprises a soil guide plate and a soil diversion mechanism. The present invention can complete suppression, rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, film covering, film pressing, soil covering and furrowing operations at one time, and the rice direct seeding efficiency is high. Moreover, the installation angle and front and rear positions of the soil guide plate can be adjusted, so as to realize the adjustment of the soil covering amount under different working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine. Background Art

[0002] China is not only the world's largest grain producer, but also the largest grain importer, importing nearly one-fifth of total demand and worth tens of billions of dollars each year. However, due to global warming and water resource restrictions, the traditional paddy rice planting area is shrinking day by day. In contrast, dry field direct seeding of rice is less restricted by water resources, has low cost and high efficiency. In recent years, it has been widely promoted in most provinces of my country. It can be seen that the prospects for dry field direct seeding of rice are very broad.

[0003] However, most of the rice direct seeding machines in the prior art still have the following shortcomings:

[0004] 1. The structure is complex and the operation function is single. It is impossible to complete the operation process of pressing, rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, mulching, covering soil and ditching at one time. Therefore, it is usually necessary to use multiple types of agricultural machinery with different functions together, which is not only inefficient and labor-intensive, but also easy to cause multiple disturbances to the soil, affecting the rice growth environment;

[0005] 2. The existing rice dry direct seeding machine usually only uses a simple pressing roller for pressing during the pressing process, lacks a contour support mechanism, cannot adjust the rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage mechanism, and has an unsatisfactory pressing effect, which is prone to slippage;

[0006] 3. The soil guide device is often not adjustable, and it is impossible to accurately adjust the amount of soil covering, resulting in inconsistent soil thickness on the rice seeds and poor seedling emergence, which seriously affects the quality and yield of direct seeding;

[0007] 4. Conventional dry direct seeding machines have no mulching device or the mulching effect is poor, resulting in the inability to control weeds, increase temperature and maintain entropy, etc., which reduces the rice yield of direct seeding. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional rice direct seeding film covering machine to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine, comprising:

[0011] A film laying device, a frame, and a rotary tillage and soil throwing device and a soil guiding device connected to the frame in sequence from front to back, wherein the film laying device is arranged below the soil guiding device;

[0012] The rotary tillage and soil throwing device comprises a suppression mechanism and a rotary tillage mechanism which are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the suppression mechanism is connected to the front side of the rotary tillage mechanism through an adjustable support mechanism;

[0013] The soil guide device comprises a soil guide plate and a soil guide mechanism, and the soil guide mechanism is used for diverting the soil collected by the soil guide plate and evenly covering the soil below and above the film.

[0014] Preferably, the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding mulching machine, the rotary tillage and soil throwing device includes a rotary tillage mechanism, the rotary tillage mechanism includes a cover shell, a rotary tillage main shaft rotatably connected to the bottom of the cover shell, a plurality of groups of rotary tillage blades evenly arranged on the rotary tillage main shaft, a gearbox installed on the upper side of the cover shell and a suspension bracket fixedly connected to the front side of the cover shell, the rotary tillage mechanism is suspended and connected to the traction device through the suspension bracket, and the input end and output end of the gearbox are respectively connected to the power output shaft of the traction device and the rotary tillage main shaft.

[0015] Preferably, the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine, the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting plate and an oil cylinder, the supporting plate is rotatably connected to both sides of the cover shell, and the fixed end and the free end of the oil cylinder are respectively hinged to the front side of the cover shell and the end of the supporting plate away from the cover shell;

[0016] The pressing mechanism includes a pressing roller rotatably connected between ends of a pair of support plates away from the housing;

[0017] The oil cylinder is suitable for controlling the relative height between the pressing roller and the rotary tiller.

[0018] Preferably, in the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine, the transmission mechanism is arranged on at least one side of the rotary tillage mechanism and the pressing mechanism, including a chain arranged on the outside of the support plate, and the chain transmission is connected between the rotary tillage main shaft and the sprocket arranged at the end of the pressing roller.

[0019] Preferably, the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine further comprises a fertilizing device and a sowing device, wherein the fertilizing device comprises a fertilizer box and a plurality of fertilizer trenching shovels fixedly connected to the lower side of the fertilizer box, wherein the plurality of fertilizer trenching shovels are evenly arranged laterally along the fertilizer box;

[0020] The sowing device includes a seed box installed at the rear side of the fertilizer box and a plurality of seed delivery pipes fixedly connected to the lower side of the seed box. The plurality of seed delivery pipes are evenly arranged laterally along the seed box and staggeredly distributed with the fertilizer trenching shovel laterally along the frame.

[0021] Preferably, the soil guide device of the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct-seeding film covering machine further comprises: a suspension connection mechanism symmetrically mounted on both sides of the frame, each frame connection mechanism comprising a connection plate fixedly connected to the inner side of the frame and a guide rail slidably matched with the top of the connection plate; and

[0022] The soil guide cover is fixedly connected to the lower side of the guide rail, and the soil guide plate is rotatably connected to the lower side of the soil guide cover;

[0023] The soil guide plate is connected to the frame through a slide rail, which allows the soil guide plate to move back and forth in the horizontal direction to adjust its relative position with the rotary tiller.

[0024] Preferably, the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine, the soil guiding device further comprises:

[0025] The first angle adjustment mechanism is arranged at the rear side of the soil guide cover, and the front side of the first angle adjustment mechanism is connected to the soil guide plate;

[0026] The soil guide plate can be rotated around its rear end axis to adjust the angle between it and the horizontal plane.

[0027] Preferably, the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine, the soil guiding device further comprises:

[0028] A soil screening plate, on which a plurality of soil screening holes are arranged in an array, suitable for filtering and screening the soil before diversion, and connected to the rear side of the first angle adjustment mechanism;

[0029] A second angle adjustment mechanism is disposed at the rear end of the soil screening plate; and

[0030] The soil guide mechanism comprises a front guide plate and a rear guide plate respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the second angle adjustment mechanism, the front guide plate is suitable for covering the fine soil screened by the soil screening plate to the rice seeds under the film, and the rear guide plate is suitable for covering the large pieces of soil not screened by the soil screening plate to the film;

[0031] The front guide plate is located below the soil screening plate, and the rear guide plate can rotate around its front end axis to adjust the angle between it and the front guide plate.

[0032] Preferably, the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine has multiple groups of baffles on the upper surfaces of the front guide plate and the rear guide plate, and they are evenly arranged in their respective transverse directions, and a guide channel with a conical cross-section is formed between each group of baffles, and the guide channel and the discharge end of the seed transport pipe are alternately arranged in the transverse direction;

[0033] The bottom end of the seed delivery pipe passes through the rear guide plate between two adjacent groups of partitions on the upper surface of the rear guide plate, and extends to the lower part of the front end of the front guide plate close to the surface of the cultivated land;

[0034] The number of groups of partitions on the front guide plate and the rear guide plate is the same as the number of the fertilizer trenching shovel and the seed transport pipe, and each group of partitions and the seed transport pipe are correspondingly distributed along the horizontal direction of the frame.

[0035] Preferably, the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine, the film laying device comprises:

[0036] A pair of first connecting frames, fixedly connected to the lower side of the frame;

[0037] The film-covering roller and the film-pressing roller spaced below the film-covering roller are both rotatably connected between a pair of first connecting frames and are both located below the soil diversion mechanism;

[0038] A pair of second connecting frames, fixedly connected to the lower side of the frame and spaced behind the pair of first connecting frames;

[0039] a pair of fixed brackets, the fixed brackets being fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting frame; and,

[0040] A pair of film pressing wheels are rotatably connected to one end of the fixed bracket and are used to press the two side edges of the film into the grooves opened by the groove opening devices on both sides of the frame.

[0041] Preferably, the aforementioned multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine further comprises a side soil covering device;

[0042] The furrowing device is arranged behind the rotary tillage and soil throwing device, and includes:

[0043] The third connecting frame is detachably connected to the lower side of the frame.

[0044] A furrow opener, which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the third connecting frame;

[0045] The side covering device includes:

[0046] A fourth connecting frame is detachably connected to the lower side of the frame to adjust its height;

[0047] A rotating mechanism is mounted at the bottom end of the fourth connecting frame; and

[0048] The soil covering disc is arranged behind the film pressing wheel and is fixedly connected to the free end of the rotating mechanism.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] 1. The present invention adopts the front-mounted pressing roller profiling and precise soil layer rotary throwing technology, and provides the profiling of the whole machine through the driven pressing roller, so as to realize the precise depth control of the rotary tiller to complete the rotary tillage and rear throwing of the topsoil with a depth of 1-5 cm.

[0051] 2. The present invention adopts the technology of precision sowing and covering soil under the film. Through the front pressing roller's precise soil layer rotation and throwing in coordination with the rear soil guiding device, the soil covering is diverted, so that the sowing strips under the film and the strips on the film are evenly covered with soil. At the same time, since the soil covering on the film is located directly behind the seed tube, the soil covering on the film is closely fitted to the film soil, reducing the phenomenon of film suspension, making it easier for rice seedlings to break through the film in the direct seeding and covering mode, thereby achieving a high seedling emergence rate.

[0052] 3. The structure is simple and compact, and the spatial layout of each part is relatively reasonable. The machine includes a rotary tillage and soil throwing device, a soil guiding device, a fertilizing device, a sowing device, a film laying device, a furrowing device and a side soil covering device. It can complete the operations of pressing, rotary tillage, fertilizing, sowing, film covering, soil covering and furrowing at one time, and the efficiency of direct seeding of rice is relatively high.

[0053] 4. By adding a suppression mechanism in front of the rotary tillage mechanism, the flatness of the ground surface and the fineness of the soil blocks are guaranteed, providing the operating premise for the precise control of the amount of rotary tillage and soil throwing. The suppression mechanism is connected to the rotary tillage mechanism through an adjustable supporting mechanism, which can provide contour support for the rotary tillage mechanism, thereby adjusting the relative height between the suppression mechanism and the rotary tillage mechanism, realizing the control and adjustment of the rotary tillage depth, and further realizing the precise control of the amount of rotary tillage and soil throwing.

[0054] 5. By setting up a transmission mechanism, a tractor or other traction device can transmit its power to the suppression mechanism, so that the suppression roller has the function of active rotation, which can reduce the forward resistance of the tractor and enhance the effect of suppression and soil crushing.

[0055] 6. The structure of the soil guide device is optimized by studying the trajectory of rotary tillage and soil throwing under different working conditions. Specifically, by setting a suspension connection mechanism, the soil guide plate can be displaced along the longitudinal straight line of the frame to adjust the distance between it and the rotary tiller. By setting a first angle adjustment mechanism, the soil guide plate can be rotated around its rear end axis to adjust its installation angle, thereby realizing the adjustment of the amount of soil covering under different working conditions.

[0056] A soil screening plate is provided for filtering and screening the soil before diversion, and a soil diversion mechanism is further provided at the rear end of the soil screening plate through a second angle adjustment mechanism, wherein the soil diversion mechanism further comprises a front guide plate and a rear guide plate, wherein the front guide plate can cover the fine soil screened by the soil screening plate to the rice seeds under the film, and the rear guide plate can cover the large pieces of soil not screened by the soil screening plate to the film; in addition, a plurality of groups of partitions are provided on the upper surfaces of the front guide plate and the rear guide plate, and are evenly arranged along their respective transverse directions, and a diversion channel with an inverted cone-shaped cross-section is formed between each group of partitions, and the diversion channel is located directly behind the seed transport tube, so that the soil can be evenly covered on or under the film, reducing the phenomenon of the film being suspended, and establishing a good soil environment for the germination and emergence of the rice seeds, so as to achieve a close fit between the strip covering soil on the film and the film soil, so as to facilitate the rice seedlings to break through the film in the direct seeding and film covering mode, thereby achieving a high emergence rate.

[0057] 7. Through setting up the furrowing device, film laying device and side covering device for coordinated operation, the front plow furrowing device first preliminarily establishes the furrow shape on both sides and turns the soil blocks inwards, then the film laying device completes the film covering and pressing, and finally the covering disc of the side covering device takes soil and covers the soil on the basis of the preliminarily established furrow shape, and presses the two sides of the ground film tightly. The structure is simple and easy to adjust, which reduces the phenomenon of the film frame hanging in the air.

[0058] 8. By setting up a set of electronic control systems that can be shared by the fertilizing device and the sowing device, when the present invention is working in the field, the GPS locator can capture the tractor's travel speed in real time and accurately transmit the speed signal to the central controller. The central controller accurately calculates the ideal speed of the rotating shaft of the seeding device and the fertilizer device based on the tractor's instant travel speed, and converts these calculation results into electrical signals and sends them to the coupling. The coupling then drives the servo motor to generate a corresponding speed, thereby driving the rotating shafts of the seeding device and the fertilizer device to rotate, so that the present invention can achieve accurate control of the amount of fertilizer and the amount of sowing at different driving speeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0060] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 Another structural schematic diagram of the multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 A side view of a multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a rotary tillage mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a soil guiding device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure at center;

[0066] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] The symbols in the accompanying drawings are:

[0068] 1. Frame; 2. Rotary tillage and soil throwing device; 201. Rotary tillage mechanism; 201a. Cover; 201b. Rotary tillage main shaft; 201c. Rotary tillage blade; 201d. Gearbox; 201e. Suspension frame; 202. Suppression mechanism; 202a. Suppression roller; 203. Support mechanism; 203a. Support plate; 203b. Oil cylinder; 204. Transmission mechanism; 204a. Chain; 204b. Sprocket; 3. Fertilizer device; 301. Fertilizer box; 303. Fertilizer trenching shovel; 4. Seeding device; 401. Seed box; 402. Seed transport pipe; 5. Soil guide device; 501. Soil guide cover; 502. Suspension connection mechanism; 502a. Connection plate; 502b. Guide rail; 503. Soil guide plate; 504, first angle adjustment mechanism; 505, soil screening plate; 505a, soil screening hole; 506, second angle adjustment mechanism; 507, soil guide mechanism; 507a, front guide plate; 507a-1, partition; 507b, rear guide plate; 508, retaining cover; 6, furrowing device; 601, third connecting frame; 602, furrow opener; 7, film covering and pressing device; 701, first connecting frame; 702, film covering roller; 703, film pressing roller; 704, second connecting frame; 705, fixed bracket; 706, film pressing wheel; 707, buffer mechanism; 8, side soil covering device; 801, fourth connecting frame; 802, rotating mechanism; 803, soil covering disc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only suitable for explaining the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0070] See also Figures 1 to 7 A multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention is hung on the rear of an agricultural machine and cooperates with the agricultural machine to perform operations in rice fields. It specifically includes a frame 1 and a rotary tillage and soil throwing device 2, a fertilizing device 3, a sowing device 4, a soil guiding device 5, a furrowing device 6, a film laying device 7 and a side covering device 8, all of which are connected to the frame 1.

[0071] The rotary tillage and soil throwing device 2 further includes a rotary tillage mechanism 201 and a suppression mechanism 202. The rotary tillage mechanism 201 is used for finely crushing and rotary throwing of the surface soil of the cultivated land. The suppression mechanism 202 is arranged at the front side of the rotary tillage mechanism 201 and is used to suppress and level the surface soil of the cultivated land before rotary tillage and soil throwing. Since the suppression mechanism 202 is installed at the front side of the rotary tillage mechanism 201 through an adjustable support mechanism 203, another function it realizes is to provide contour support for the rotary tillage mechanism 201, so as to adjust the relative height between the suppression mechanism 202 and the rotary tillage mechanism 201, realize the control and adjustment of the rotary tillage depth, and then realize the control of the rotary tillage and soil throwing amount.

[0072] Among them, the above-mentioned soil guide device 5 includes a soil guide plate 503 and a soil guide mechanism 507. The installation angle and front and rear positions of the soil guide plate 503 are set to be adjustable to achieve the adjustment of the soil covering amount under different working conditions, and the soil guide mechanism 507 is used to divert the soil collected by the soil guide plate 503 and evenly cover it under and on the membrane.

[0073] In particular, the traction device not only provides driving force for the rotary tillage mechanism 201, but also indirectly provides driving force for the pressing mechanism 202 through a transmission mechanism 204. The traction device is preferably configured as a tractor.

[0074] See also Figures 1 to 4 The rotary tillage mechanism 201 provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes a housing 201a, a rotary tillage main shaft 201b, a rotary tillage blade 201c, and a gearbox 201d, wherein the housing 201a is fixedly connected to the frame 1, the rotary tillage main shaft 201b is rotatably connected to the bottom of the housing 201a, the rotary tillage blade 201c is arranged in multiple groups, and is evenly arranged on the outer contour of the rotary tillage main shaft 201b along the axial direction, and the gearbox 201d is fixedly installed on the upper side of the housing 201a, and is used to transmit the rotation speed and torque, and its input end and output end are respectively connected to the power output shaft of a traction device such as a tractor and the rotary tillage main shaft 201b. In addition, the rotary tillage mechanism 201 also includes a suspension bracket 201e, which is fixedly connected to the front side of the housing 201a, and the rotary tillage mechanism 201 is suspended and connected to a tractor or other device through the suspension bracket 201e.

[0075] The support mechanism 203 specifically includes a pair of support plates 203a and a pair of linear reciprocating motion actuators 203b. The pair of support plates 203a are rotatably connected to both sides of the cover 201a. The fixed end and free end of the linear reciprocating motion actuator 203b are respectively hinged to the front side of the cover 201a and the end of the support plate 203a away from the cover 201a.

[0076] The pressing mechanism 202 includes a pressing roller 202a, which is rotatably connected between the ends of the pair of support plates 203a away from the cover shell 201a. By setting the pressing roller 202a, the indentation of the tractor wheels on the surface of the cultivated land before rotary tillage and soil throwing can be pressed and leveled to crush larger soil clods, and the accuracy of the amount of soil lifted by rotary tillage and soil throwing can also be ensured.

[0077] Therefore, a pair of linear reciprocating motion actuators 203b are provided to realize the lifting and pressing of the pressing mechanism 202, that is, to control the relative height between the pressing roller 202a and the rotary tiller 201c, so as to realize the control of the rotary tillage soil throwing amount. The relative height between the pressing roller 202a and the rotary tiller 201c is a first preset height.

[0078] The above-mentioned linear reciprocating motion actuator 203b can be any one of a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod, a ball screw mechanism and other linear mechanisms. In an embodiment of the present invention, the linear reciprocating motion actuator 203b is preferably set as a hydraulic cylinder, which not only has a simple structure, but also can provide greater force in a smaller volume, has strong load-bearing performance, and can effectively ensure the working strength and suppression performance of the suppression mechanism 202.

[0079] The transmission mechanism 204 provided in the embodiment of the present invention is used to realize the function of actively rotating the pressing roller 202a, which is arranged on at least one of the two sides of the rotary tillage mechanism 201 and the pressing mechanism 202, and includes a chain 204a, which is arranged on the outside of the support plate 203a and is transmission-connected to the rotary tillage main shaft 201b and the sprocket 204b arranged at the end of the pressing roller 202a. Therefore, the beneficial effect brought by the active rotation of the pressing roller 202a is to reduce the forward resistance of the traction device such as the tractor and enhance the effect of pressing and crushing the soil.

[0080] In addition, in order to reduce the slip rate and soil resistance of the pressing roller 202a and avoid the excessive diameter of the pressing roller 202a affecting the layout and stability of the entire machine body, the present invention designs the pressing roller 202a to be lightweight on the premise that the pressing strength meets the requirements, and its diameter is preferably set to 219mm.

[0081] See also Figures 1 to 3The fertilization device 3 provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes a fertilizer box 301, a fertilizer distributing device, a fertilizer guiding pipe 302 and a fertilizer trenching shovel 303. The fertilizer distributing device is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box 301 and is fixedly connected with a plurality of fertilizer guiding pipes 302. The fertilizer trenching shovel 303 is also provided in a plurality and is evenly arranged laterally along the fertilizer box 301, and the number thereof is the same as the number of the fertilizer guiding pipes 302. Among them, the function of the fertilizer guiding pipe 302 is to connect the fertilizer trenching shovel 303 to the fertilizer distributing device, so that the fertilizer trenching shovel 303 can quickly discharge fertilizer while digging the fertilizer trench. In addition, the above-mentioned fertilizer distributing device is preferably provided as a fertilizer distributing device with a strip fertilizer distributing wheel.

[0082] The sowing device 4 includes a seed box 401, a seed metering device and a seed delivery pipe 402. The seed box 401 is arranged at the rear side of the fertilizer box 301. The seed metering device is installed at the bottom of the seed box 401 and is fixedly connected to multiple seed delivery pipes 402. The multiple seed delivery pipes 402 are evenly arranged laterally along the seed box 401. Among them, the function of the seed delivery pipe 402 is to sow the rice seeds discharged by the seed metering device onto the sowing belt. In addition, the seed metering device is preferably configured as an outer groove wheel seed metering device.

[0083] The above-mentioned fertilization trenching shovels 303 and seed transporting tubes 402 are staggeredly distributed along the frame 1 in the transverse direction, and the two are the same in number. In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of fertilization trenching shovels 303 and seed transporting tubes 402 are preferably set to 6 groups.

[0084] In addition, the above-mentioned fertilizing device 3 and the sowing device 4 share a set of electronic control systems (not shown in the attached drawings), which specifically include a servo motor, a central controller and a high-precision GPS locator. When the present invention is working in the field, the GPS locator can capture the travel speed of the tractor in real time and accurately transmit the speed signal to the central controller. The central controller accurately calculates the ideal speed of the rotating shaft of the seed meter and the fertilizer meter based on the instant travel speed of the tractor, and converts these calculation results into electrical signals and sends them to the coupling. The coupling then drives the servo motor to generate a corresponding speed, thereby driving the rotating shafts of the seed meter and the fertilizer meter to rotate, so that the present invention can achieve accurate control of the amount of fertilizer and the amount of sowing at different driving speeds.

[0085] See also Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 5The soil guide device 5 provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a pair of suspension connection mechanisms 502 and a soil guide cover 501. The pair of suspension connection mechanisms 502 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the frame 1, and each suspension connection mechanism includes a connecting plate 502a fixedly connected to the inner side of the frame 1 and a guide rail 502b slidably matched with the top of the connecting plate 502a. The soil guide cover 501 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the guide rail 502b, and the soil guide plate 503 is rotatably connected to the lower side of the soil guide cover 501. Therefore, by setting the suspension connection mechanism 502, the soil guide plate 503 can be displaced in a straight line along the longitudinal direction of the frame 1 to adjust the distance between it and the rotary blade 201c, which is a first preset distance.

[0086] The soil guide device 5 further includes a first angle adjustment mechanism 504, which is disposed at the rear side of the soil guide cover 501, and the front side of which is connected to the soil guide plate 503. Therefore, by providing the first angle adjustment mechanism 504, the soil guide plate 503 can rotate around its rear end axis to adjust the angle between it and the horizontal plane, which is a first preset angle.

[0087] The soil guide device 5 also includes a soil screening plate 505 connected to the rear side of the first angle adjustment mechanism 504, and the angle between the soil screening plate 505 and the soil guide plate 503 is a second preset angle. The soil screening plate 505 is provided with a plurality of soil screening holes 505a in an array manner for filtering and screening before soil diversion. A second angle adjustment mechanism 506 is provided at the rear end of the soil screening plate 505, and a soil guide mechanism 507 is also provided on the second angle adjustment mechanism 506. The soil guide mechanism 507 includes a front guide plate 507a and a rear guide plate 507b, which are respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the second angle adjustment mechanism 506, wherein the front guide plate 507a is used to cover the fine soil screened by the soil screening plate 505 to the rice seeds under the film, and the rear guide plate 507b is used to cover the large pieces of soil not screened by the soil screening plate 505 to the film. The front guide plate 507a is set to be low in the front and high in the back, and is located below the soil screening plate 505, and the angle between it and the soil screening plate 505 is a third preset angle. The rear guide plate 507b can rotate around its front end axis to adjust the angle between it and the front guide plate 507a, providing a certain space for the installation of the film covering device, and the angle is a fourth preset angle. In addition, in order to block the soil that is thrown to the rear high place to prevent it from flying out, the soil guide device 5 also includes a soil retaining cover plate 508, which is hinged to the rear side of the soil guide cover 501 and is located above the soil screening plate 505.

[0088] In particular, the embodiment of the present invention obtains the trace diagram of soil throwing under different working conditions by video recording method, so as to optimize the design of the position parameters of the soil guide plate 503. It should be noted that the process is simulated according to the optimal parameter combination of the aforementioned rotary tillage mechanism 201, wherein the rotation speed of the rotary tillage main shaft 201b is 500±150 r / min, and the depth of rotary tillage soil is 10-50 mm. Combined with the study of the distribution mechanism of soil covering on the membrane, the first preset distance between the rotation center axis of the soil guide plate 503 and the rotation center axis of the rotary tillage blade roller 201c is preferably set to 350±50 mm under the condition of using the national standard T195 rotary tillage blade. Moreover, after a large number of preliminary tests, the distance between the soil guide plate 503 and the surface of the cultivated land cannot be too small or too large. If the distance is too small, the soil guide plate 503 is easy to contact the surface of the cultivated land and affect the effect of soil separation and soil guiding; if the distance is too large, the front guide plate 507a will divert most of the soil thrown by the rotation to the film below it for covering, reducing the amount of soil covering on the film, resulting in poor film-soil adhesion, affecting the subsequent rice seed film breaking and germination, and causing the wind formed between the cultivated land to blow up the ground film, affecting the growth of rice crops. Therefore, the value range of the height of the rotation center axis of the soil guide plate 503 from the ground is preferably set to 180±30mm.

[0089] When the installation angle of the soil guide plate 503 is 40°, the coefficient of variation of the soil thickness on the membrane is minimum, and when the angle is greater than or less than 40°, the coefficient of variation of the soil thickness on the membrane increases. Therefore, based on the single factor test of the installation angle of the soil guide plate 503, the value range of the first preset angle is preferably set to 40±5°.

[0090] In particular, a plurality of groups of partitions 507a-1 are correspondingly arranged on the upper surfaces of the front guide plate 507a and the rear guide plate 507b, and are evenly arranged in their respective transverse directions. A guide channel with an inverted cone-shaped cross-section is formed between each group of partitions 507a-1, and the guide channel is alternately arranged in the transverse direction with the discharge end of the seed delivery tube 402. Figure 6 The solid line in the figure shows the distribution of the discharge end of the seed delivery tube 402 and the inverted cone-shaped flow guide channel, and the dotted line shows the distribution of the fertilizer trenching shovel 303. It can be seen from the figure that in the horizontal position, the positions of the fertilizer trenching shovel and the flow guide channel are the same. The inverted cone-shaped flow guide channel corresponds to the discharge end position of the seed delivery tube 402, ensuring that the soil covering the film is located directly behind the seed delivery tube 402, so that the soil covering the film is closely attached to the film soil, reducing the phenomenon of film suspension, making it easier for rice seedlings to break through the film in the direct film covering mode, and achieving a high emergence rate.

[0091] In addition, the bottom end of the seed delivery pipe 402 passes through the rear guide plate 507b from the avoidance hole opened between two adjacent groups of partitions 507a-1 on the upper surface of the rear guide plate 507b, and extends to the lower front end of the front guide plate 507a close to the surface of the cultivated land, so as to facilitate the rapid covering of the rice seeds with soil after sowing. More specifically, the seed delivery pipe 402 includes a first pipe section 402a and a second pipe section 402b located respectively above and below the soil guide mechanism 507, the first pipe section 402a is used to communicate with the seed metering device, and the second pipe section 402b is used to continue to transport the rice seeds to the lower front end of the front guide plate 507a close to the surface of the cultivated land. Moreover, the number of groups of partitions 507a-1 on the front guide plate 507a and the rear guide plate 507b is the same as the number of fertilizer trenching shovels 303 and seed transport pipes 402, and each group of partitions 507a-1 and seed transport pipes 402 are distributed correspondingly along the horizontal direction of the frame 1.

[0092] In particular, the film laying device 7 provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes a pair of first connecting frames 701, a film coating roller 702, a film pressing roller 703, a pair of second connecting frames 704, a pair of fixed brackets 705 and a pair of film pressing wheels 706. Among them, the pair of first connecting frames 701 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the frame 1, the film pressing roller 703 is arranged below the film coating roller 702 at intervals, the film coating roller 702 and the film pressing roller 703 are both rotatably connected between the pair of first connecting frames 701, and are both located below the soil diversion mechanism 507, the pair of second connecting frames 704 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the frame 1, and are arranged behind the pair of first connecting frames 701 at intervals, a pair of fixed brackets 705 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting frames 704, and a pair of film pressing wheels 706 are rotatably connected to one end of the fixed bracket 705, which is used to press the two side edges of the film into the grooves opened by the groove opening device 6 on both sides of the frame 1. A buffer mechanism 707 is provided between the end of the fixed bracket 705 not connected to the laminating wheel 706 and the second connecting bracket 704, so that a certain pre-pressure is applied before the laminating wheel 706 contacts the ground. The buffer mechanism 707 is preferably provided as a spring.

[0093] The furrowing device 6 matched with the film laying device 7 is arranged between the rotary tillage and soil throwing device 2 and the film laying device 7, and specifically includes a pair of third connecting frames 601 and a pair of furrow openers 602. Among them, the pair of third connecting frames 601 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the frame 1 in a detachable manner to achieve the adjustment of their height, and the pair of furrow openers 602 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the third connecting frame 601 to open a groove for accommodating the two sides of the ground film. The furrow opener 602 can be any one of other furrow openers such as a sliding knife furrow opener, a plowshare furrow opener, a disc furrow opener, etc. In the embodiment of the present invention, the furrow opener 602 is preferably set to a plowshare furrow opener, which has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, and adjustable furrowing depth and width.

[0094] The side covering device 8 matched with the trenching device 6 and the film laying device 7 specifically includes a pair of fourth connecting frames 801, a pair of rotating mechanisms 802 and a pair of covering discs 803, wherein the pair of fourth connecting frames 801 are detachably connected to the lower side of the frame 1 to achieve the adjustment of their height, the pair of rotating mechanisms 802 are installed at the bottom of the fourth connecting frames 801, and the pair of covering discs 803 are arranged behind the film pressing wheel 706 and fixedly connected to the free end of the rotating mechanism 802 to achieve the angle adjustment in the horizontal direction, thereby changing the side covering amount and completely filling the trench opened by the trenching device 6.

[0095] When the present invention is used, it is first connected to the tail of a tractor or other traction device by hanging the suspension frame 201e on the front side of the rotary tillage mechanism 201, and the input end of the gearbox 201d of the rotary tillage mechanism 201 is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor, and the tractor is started. At this time, the power output shaft of the tractor can drive the rotary tillage main shaft 201b and the pressure roller 202a to rotate, and the tractor hydraulic mechanism is adjusted to drop the present invention to a suitable height, and the tractor starts and moves forward smoothly. First, the pressure roller 202a rolls forward close to the ground to press and level the surface soil of the cultivated land, and the rotary tillage blade 201c performs fine rotary throwing of the soil at a certain depth on the surface. The soil guide plate 503 set at the rear crushes and diverts the thrown soil, and the fertilization device 3 and the sowing device 4 perform fertilization and sowing operations respectively. The soil screening plate 505 filters the soil moving to the top, and the finely sieved soil is diverted by the front guide plate 507a into six covering belts to cover the seeds. The film covering roller 702 performs film covering operation under the traction of the tractor, and the film pressing roller 703 then flattens the film. The unfiltered soil continues to move backward and is diverted by the rear diversion groove into six covering belts covering the film. The trenching device 6 performs trenching on both sides of the machine to create trenches for accommodating the two sides of the ground film. The side covering device 8 performs side covering after the trenching operation and the film covering and pressing operation, and completely fills the trenches opened by the trenching device 6 to press the two sides of the ground film.

[0096] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0097] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine, characterized in that: include: A film laying device (7), a frame (1), and a rotary tillage and soil throwing device (2) and a soil guiding device (5) connected to the frame (1) in sequence from front to back, wherein the film laying device (7) is arranged below the soil guiding device (5); The rotary tillage and soil throwing device (2) comprises a suppression mechanism (202) and a rotary tillage mechanism (201) which are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the suppression mechanism (202) is connected to the front side of the rotary tillage mechanism (201) via an adjustable support mechanism (203); The soil guide device (5) comprises a soil guide plate (503) and a soil guide mechanism (507), wherein the soil guide mechanism (507) is used to divert the soil collected by the soil guide plate (503) and evenly cover the soil below and above the film at the seedling belt position, thereby forming a strip of evenly covered soil; The soil guiding device (5) further comprises: a suspension connection mechanism (502) symmetrically mounted on both sides of the frame (1), each of the suspension connection mechanisms (502) comprising a connection plate (502a) fixedly connected to the inner side of the frame (1) and a guide rail (502b) slidably engaged with the top end of the connection plate (502a); and, The soil guide cover (501) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the guide rail (502b), and the soil guide plate (503) is rotatably connected to the lower side of the soil guide cover (501); The soil guide plate (503) is connected to the frame (1) via a slide rail, so that the soil guide plate (503) can move forward and backward in a horizontal direction to adjust the relative position between the soil guide plate (503) and the rotary tiller (201c); The soil guiding device (5) further comprises: A first angle adjustment mechanism (504) is arranged on the rear side of the soil guide cover (501), and its front side is connected to the soil guide plate (503); The soil guide plate (503) can rotate around its rear end axis to adjust the angle between it and the horizontal plane; The soil guiding device (5) further comprises: A soil screening plate (505) is provided with a plurality of soil screening holes (505a) arranged in an array, suitable for filtering and screening soil before diversion, and is connected to the rear side of the first angle adjustment mechanism (504); a second angle adjustment mechanism (506) is arranged at the rear end of the soil screening plate (505); and, The soil guide mechanism (507) comprises a front guide plate (507a) and a rear guide plate (507b) respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the second angle adjustment mechanism (506); the front guide plate (507a) is suitable for covering the finely crushed soil screened by the soil screening plate (505) onto the sowing strip under the film; and the rear guide plate (507b) is suitable for covering the large pieces of soil not screened by the soil screening plate (505) onto the film position of the sowing strip; The front guide plate (507a) is located below the soil screening plate (505), and the rear guide plate (507b) can rotate around its front end axis to adjust the angle between it and the front guide plate (507a); The upper surfaces of the front guide plate (507a) and the rear guide plate (507b) are both provided with a plurality of groups of partitions (507a-1), which are evenly arranged in their respective transverse directions, and between each group of the partitions (507a-1) a guide channel with a conical cross section is formed, and the guide channel and the discharge end of the seed delivery pipe (402) are alternately arranged in the transverse direction; The bottom end of the seed transport pipe (402) passes through the rear guide plate (507b) from between two adjacent groups of partitions (507a-1) on the upper surface of the rear guide plate (507b), and extends to a position below the front end of the front guide plate (507a) close to the surface of the cultivated land; The number of groups of partitions (507a-1) on the front guide plate (507a) and the rear guide plate (507b) is the same as the number of fertilizer trenching shovels (303) and seed transport pipes (402), and each group of partitions (507a-1) and seed transport pipes (402) are correspondingly distributed along the horizontal direction of the frame (1).

2. The multifunctional rice direct seeding film covering machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotary tillage and soil throwing device (2) comprises a rotary tillage mechanism (201), the rotary tillage mechanism (201) comprising a cover (201a), a rotary tillage main shaft (201b) rotatably connected to the bottom of the cover (201a), a plurality of groups of rotary tillage blades (201c) evenly arranged on the rotary tillage main shaft (201b), a gearbox (201d) mounted on the upper side of the cover (201a), and a suspension frame (201e) fixedly connected to the front side of the cover (201a); the rotary tillage mechanism (201) is suspension-connected to a traction device via the suspension frame (201e); the input end and the output end of the gearbox (201d) are respectively connected to the power output shaft of the traction device and the rotary tillage main shaft (201b).

3. The multifunctional rice direct seeding film covering machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The support mechanism (203) comprises a support plate (203a) and an oil cylinder (203b); the support plate (203a) is rotatably connected to two sides of the cover shell (201a); a fixed end and a free end of the oil cylinder (203b) are respectively hinged to the front side of the cover shell (201a) and an end of the support plate (203a) away from the cover shell (201a); The pressing mechanism (202) comprises a pressing roller (202a) rotatably connected between ends of a pair of support plates (203a) away from the cover shell (201a); The oil cylinder (203b) is suitable for controlling the relative height between the pressing roller (202a) and the rotary tiller (201c).

4. The multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (204) is arranged on at least one of the two sides of the rotary tillage mechanism (201) and the pressing mechanism (202), and comprises a chain (204a) arranged on the outside of the support plate (203a), wherein the chain (204a) is transmission-connected between the rotary tillage main shaft (201b) and a sprocket (204b) arranged at the end of the pressing roller (202a).

5. The multifunctional rice direct seeding film covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fertilizing device (3) and a sowing device (4), wherein the fertilizing device (3) includes a fertilizer box (301) and a plurality of fertilizing trenching shovels (303) fixedly connected to the lower side of the fertilizer box (301), and the plurality of fertilizing trenching shovels (303) are evenly arranged laterally along the fertilizer box (301); The sowing device (4) comprises a seed box (401) installed at the rear side of the fertilizer box (301) and a plurality of seed delivery tubes (402) fixedly connected to the lower side of the seed box (401); the plurality of seed delivery tubes (402) are uniformly arranged laterally along the seed box (401) and are staggered with the fertilizer trenching shovel (303) laterally along the frame (1).

6. The multifunctional rice dry direct seeding film covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The film laying device (7) comprises: A pair of first connecting frames (701) fixedly connected to the lower side of the frame (1); The film coating roller (702) and the film pressing roller (703) arranged at an interval below the film coating roller (702) are both rotatably connected between a pair of first connecting frames (701) and are both located below the soil diversion mechanism (507); A pair of second connecting frames (704) fixedly connected to the lower side of the frame (1) and spaced apart behind the pair of first connecting frames (701); a pair of fixed brackets (705), wherein the fixed brackets (705) are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second connecting bracket (704); and, A pair of film pressing wheels (706), the film pressing wheels (706) being rotatably connected to one end of the fixed support (705) and used for pressing two side edges of the film into grooves opened by groove opening devices (6) on both sides of the frame (1); It also includes a side covering device (8); The furrowing device (6) is arranged behind the rotary tillage and soil throwing device (2), and comprises: The third connecting frame (601) is detachably connected to the lower side of the frame (1). A furrow opener (602), the furrow opener (602) being fixedly connected to the bottom end of the third connecting frame (601); The side covering device (8) comprises: A fourth connecting frame (801) is detachably connected to the lower side of the frame (1) to adjust its height; A rotating mechanism (802) is mounted on the bottom end of the fourth connecting frame (801); and A soil covering disc (803) is arranged behind the film pressing wheel (706) and is fixedly connected to the free end of the rotating mechanism (802).

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