A tunnel excavation blasting device and its use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tunnel excavation blasting device and a method for using the same, and specifically relates to the technical field of tunnel construction. The device includes a drill assembly, a drill rod and a drill bit. The drill assembly includes a guide frame, a drill body and a propulsion unit. The drill body is arranged on the output end of the propulsion unit, the drill rod is installed on the output end of the drill body, and the drill bit is installed on the tail end of the drill rod. A pull-back expansion assembly is arranged on the drill rod, and the pull-back expansion assembly includes a first extrusion structure and a second extrusion structure, and an expansion structure is arranged between the first extrusion structure and the second extrusion structure. When the present invention pulls back the drill rod and the drill bit, the pull-back expansion assembly close to the drill bit can bring back the debris generated by the drilling hole after the expansion structure swells, especially in the scenario where the bottom end of the blasthole is tilted downward, a large amount of debris can be brought out to avoid the accumulation of debris at the bottom of the hole to affect the filling of explosives, reduce the generation of blasting errors, and improve the construction quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and more specifically, to a tunnel excavation blasting device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an effective means of breaking rocks in a short time, blasting is widely used in various industries of national economic production. In the process of tunnel excavation, smooth blasting technology is used. This technology refers to a controlled blasting method that achieves the contour line after blasting in accordance with the design requirements and the smooth surface of the open area by correctly selecting blasting parameters and reasonable construction methods, and blasting in sections and sections with slight differences, so as to achieve a controlled blasting method.

[0003] Smooth blasting is a controlled blasting technology that keeps the new wall surface flat without obvious damage. Its characteristics are to drill a row of smooth blasting holes on the designed excavation contour line with a hole spacing matching the minimum resistance line, and use uncoupled charges or other special charge structures. After the main excavation is blasted, the charges in the smooth blasting holes are detonated at the same time, thus forming a smooth and flat excavation surface that runs through the smooth blasting holes.

[0004] The basic principle of smooth blasting is to control the blasting effect of explosives, convert more of the violent work into the explosive force work, reduce the initial impulse of the explosive explosion, thereby reducing the damage to the rock mass of the blast hole wall, and control the blasting cracks to develop in the expected direction. It is usually achieved by reasonably selecting explosives and charging structures according to different rock formations, correctly selecting the blasting parameters of the surrounding holes (i.e., hole spacing, resistance line, charge amount), and ensuring that the surrounding holes are detonated simultaneously.

[0005] In the tunnel excavation blasting construction, in order to obtain a good blasting effect, it is necessary to optimize the parameters according to the actual scenario. For example, the optimization research on the blasting parameters of the jointed rock tunnel excavation is carried out. Combined with the blasting funnel test and the slotting and smooth blasting test, a reasonable tunnel excavation blasting network design is formulated. Through numerical simulation and field tests, the optimal combination of parameters such as charge, hole spacing, delay time, and uncoupling coefficient is selected to ensure that the important indicators such as the tunnel footage and tunnel boundary during the construction of the jointed rock tunnel meet the relevant design requirements. The optimization research on the blasting parameters of the lithium ore viscous rock tunnel excavation is carried out. Combined with the blasting funnel test and the slotting and smooth blasting test, a reasonable tunnel excavation blasting network design is formulated. Through numerical simulation and field tests, the optimal combination of parameters such as charge, hole spacing, delay time, and uncoupling coefficient is selected to ensure that the important indicators such as the tunnel footage and tunnel boundary during the construction of the lithium ore viscous rock tunnel excavation meet the relevant design requirements.

[0006] After optimization, the final blasting parameters are determined. The key to blasting construction lies in the drilling construction of each blasthole. The accuracy of each blasthole needs to be guaranteed during construction to ensure the blasting effect, especially the blasthole position, blasthole depth and other parameters. They need to be constructed strictly according to standard parameters, and the bottom of each blasthole needs to fall on the same plane.

[0007] During blasting construction, blasthole drilling requires the use of a corresponding drilling rig structure. As the drill bit continues to advance, corresponding holes are drilled in the rock layer. The feed depth of the drill bit is determined according to the drilling depth set by the system.

[0008] During the actual construction of blastholes, debris is generated during the drilling process. In a construction environment with a large blasting depth and a long blasthole depth, the drill bit feeds deeper and generates more debris. When faced with some inclined blastholes (for example, for blasting hard rocks, conical grooving is generally used, and the required blastholes are distributed in a cone shape, so there will be inclined blastholes), especially blastholes with downward tilt at the bottom, a large amount of debris is likely to accumulate downward and deposit at the bottom of the blasthole. At this time, although the blasthole depth meets the construction standards, the deposited debris will affect the filling depth of the explosives during the subsequent filling of explosives, thereby causing errors with the actual blasting parameters and affecting the blasting construction effect. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention provides a tunnel excavation blasting device and a method of using the same, and aims to solve the following problem: in the existing blasting construction process, blasthole drilling produces debris, a large amount of which is easily accumulated downward and deposited at the bottom of the blasthole. When filling explosives, the deposited debris will affect the filling depth of the explosives, thereby causing errors with the actual blasting parameters and affecting the blasting construction effect.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a tunnel excavation blasting device, comprising a drilling assembly, a drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the drilling assembly comprises a guide frame, a drilling body and a propulsion unit, the drilling body is slidably arranged on the guide frame, and the drilling body is arranged on the output end of the propulsion unit, the drill rod is installed on the output end of the drilling body, and the drill bit is installed on the tail end of the drill rod;

[0011] The drill pipe is provided with a pull-back expansion assembly, and the pull-back expansion assembly is at least one group, and the group of pull-back expansion assemblies is arranged close to the drill bit;

[0012] The pull-back expansion component includes a first extrusion structure and a second extrusion structure, and an expansion structure is arranged between the first extrusion structure and the second extrusion structure. When the first extrusion structure and the second extrusion structure are relatively close to each other, the expansion structure is squeezed to expand outward to form a bulge.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of pullback expansion assemblies are arranged on the drill rod, the drill rod is composed of a plurality of unit rods, the pullback expansion assembly on the drill rod is arranged between two adjacent unit rods, and the pullback expansion assembly at the drill bit is arranged between the drill bit and the unit rods.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the pullback expansion assembly also includes a first docking piece and a second docking piece, the first docking piece is arranged close to the drill bit, and the second docking piece is arranged away from the drill bit, the first docking piece is used to connect to the unit rod or the drill bit, and the second docking piece is used to connect to the unit rod, the first extrusion structure is arranged close to the first docking piece, and the second extrusion structure is arranged close to the second docking piece, a first connecting rod is fixedly connected to the first extrusion structure, the first connecting rod passes through the second extrusion structure and is fixedly connected to the second docking piece, and the first connecting rod and the second extrusion structure are slidably matched, a second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the second extrusion structure, the second connecting rod passes through the first extrusion structure and is fixedly connected to the first docking piece, and the second connecting rod and the first extrusion structure are slidably matched.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a pin and pin hole structure is provided between the first docking member and the first extruded structure, and between the second docking member and the second extruded structure, and an elastic member is provided between the second docking member and the second extruded structure, and between the first docking member and the first extruded structure. The two groups of elastic members are respectively used to provide elastic forces between the first extruded structure and the first docking member, and between the second extruded structure and the second docking member, so that the first extruded structure and the first docking member, and the second extruded structure and the second docking member are moved away from each other.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, an elastic metal sheet is arranged on the outside of the second extruded structure, and the elastic metal sheet is arranged around the outside of the second extruded structure, a stacking area is formed between two adjacent elastic metal sheets, one end of the elastic metal sheet away from the expansion structure is fixedly connected to the second extruded structure, the elastic metal sheet covers the outside of the expansion structure, and the end of the elastic metal sheet away from the second extruded structure is a movable end.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the drilling rig assembly also includes a water supply unit, the unit rod is a hollow tube structure, and a water outlet is provided on the unit rod close to the drill bit, and the first docking piece, the second connecting rod, the second extrusion structure and the second docking piece are provided with through flow holes, and the water supply unit is used to supply water to the unit rod outside the rock wall.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, a water inlet hole is provided in the first connecting rod, one end of the water inlet hole is connected to the unit rod, and the other end of the water inlet hole is connected to the area between the first extrusion structure, the second extrusion structure and the expansion structure, and a water-permeable hole is provided at the contact position with the elastic metal sheet when the expansion structure expands, and a mesh structure is provided on the elastic metal sheet.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, a mounting seat is fixedly installed on the outside of the first docking member, a movable groove is provided in the mounting seat, a ball structure is slidably provided in the movable groove, a slot is provided in the mounting seat, the movable groove is connected to the slot, a limiting structure is also provided on the movable groove, and a wedge-shaped plug is fixedly connected to the position corresponding to the slot on the first extrusion structure.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the blasting device also includes a trolley, a manipulating mechanical arm is provided on the trolley, a guide frame is installed on the output end of the manipulating mechanical arm, a positioning frame is fixedly installed on the end of the guide frame, a plurality of positioning pins are provided on the positioning frame, a hydraulic drive rod is fixedly installed on the positioning frame, and the positioning pins are fixedly installed on the output end of the hydraulic drive rod.

[0021] A method for using a tunnel excavation blasting device comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Conduct smooth blasting tests on the rock mass existing in the tunnel excavation construction, and determine the optimization parameters through numerical simulation calculations and field tests;

[0023] Step 2: Determine the position, diameter and depth of each blasthole according to the parameters optimized in step 1;

[0024] Step 3: Operate the trolley and the manipulator arm to make the drilling rig assembly reach the required position, adjust the drilling angle, and then start the drilling rig body and the propulsion unit to make the drill bit drill into the rock formation for drilling operations;

[0025] Step 4: After the drilling is completed, the drill rod and the drill bit are driven back by the propulsion unit. When the drill rod and the drill bit are pulled back, the first extrusion structure and the second extrusion structure squeeze the expansion structure, so that the expansion structure expands outward.

[0026] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all blastholes are constructed;

[0027] Step 6: Load blasting materials into the blastholes, and determine the charge amount and charging method of each blasthole according to the blasting optimization parameters;

[0028] Step 7: Detonate explosives to carry out blasting operations.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: when the drill rod and the drill bit are pulled back, the pull-back expansion assembly close to the drill bit can bring back the debris generated by drilling outward after the expansion structure swells, especially in the scenario where the bottom end of the blasthole is tilted downward, a large amount of debris can be brought out to avoid the accumulation of debris at the bottom of the hole affecting the filling of explosives, thereby improving the actual effect of blasting construction, reducing the occurrence of blasting errors, and improving construction quality. At the same time, multiple groups of auxiliary support structures are arranged on the drill rod. When the drill bit drills in, the first extrusion structure is tightly attached to the first docking piece, the wedge-shaped plug block is inserted into the slot, and the ball structure is pushed outward to roll in contact with the hole wall, so that multiple auxiliary supports can be formed on the drill rod, which improves the stability of the drill rod during drilling. When the drill rod and the drill bit are pulled back, the wedge-shaped plug block is pulled out of the slot, and the ball structure can be retracted, thereby not affecting the backflow of water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the drilling rig assembly of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the present invention when drilling.

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the pullback expansion assembly at the drill bit of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the pull-back expansion assembly when the drill bit is pulled out of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the pullback expansion assembly on the drill pipe of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the structure of the pull-back expansion assembly after adding an elastic metal sheet in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the elastic metal sheet on the second extrusion structure of the present invention.

[0038] Fig. 9 The figure is a schematic diagram of the flow of water in the pullback expansion assembly between two adjacent unit rods of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.10 This is a diagram showing the state in which the water flow output from the expansion structure of the present invention impacts the debris deposited on the elastic metal sheet.

[0040] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the auxiliary support structure of the present invention.

[0041] Fig.12It is a schematic diagram of the retracted state of the ball bearing when the drill rod is pulled out after drilling is completed according to the present invention.

[0042] Fig.13 The figure is a flow chart of the method for using the present invention.

[0043] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. drilling rig assembly; 11. guide frame; 12. drilling rig body; 13. propulsion unit; 14. water supply unit; 2. drill rod; 21. unit rod; 3. drill bit; 4. pullback expansion assembly; 41. first extrusion structure; 411. first connecting rod; 412. water diversion hole; 413. wedge-shaped plug; 42. second extrusion structure; 421. second connecting rod; 43. expansion structure; 431. water permeable hole; 44. first docking piece; 45. second docking piece; 46. elastic metal sheet; 47. flow hole; 5. trolley; 51. manipulator arm; 6. positioning frame; 61. positioning pin; 62. hydraulic drive rod; 7. ball structure; 71. mounting seat; 72. movable groove; 73. slot; 74. limiting structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technical personnel in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0045] Refer to the instruction manual Figures 1 to 12 , a tunnel excavation blasting device and a method of using the same, comprising a drilling assembly 1, a drill rod 2 and a drill bit 3, the drilling assembly 1 comprising a guide frame 11, a drilling body 12 and a propulsion unit 13, the drilling body 12 being slidably arranged on the guide frame 11, and the drilling body 12 being arranged on the output end of the propulsion unit 13, the propulsion unit 13 being used to drive the drilling body 12 to feed repeatedly, the drill rod 2 being arranged on the output end of the drilling body 12, and the drill bit 3 being arranged on the tail end of the drill rod 2, during actual operation, the drilling body 12 drives the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3 to drill holes, and the propulsion unit 13 drives the feeding to perform deep hole construction, it should be noted that the drilling assembly 1 used in this embodiment is not different in principle from conventional drilling equipment (such as rock drilling trolleys, anchor drilling machines and other equipment), therefore, this embodiment does not explain the specific structure of the drilling assembly 1;

[0046] The drill rod 2 is provided with a pull-back expansion assembly 4, and the pull-back expansion assembly 4 is at least one group, and the group of pull-back expansion assembly 4 is arranged close to the drill bit 3;

[0047] The pull-back expansion assembly 4 includes a first extrusion structure 41 and a second extrusion structure 42. An expansion structure 43 is arranged between the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42. The expansion structure 43 is an annular structure. The two ends of the expansion structure 43 are respectively fixedly connected to the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42. The first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 are arranged to move relative to each other. During the drilling construction, the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 are relatively in principle, and the expansion structure 43 is in a relaxed state and does not bulge. Figure 4 Therefore, during drilling, the construction is not affected. When the drilling is completed and the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3 need to be pulled back, the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 are controlled to be relatively close to each other. When the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 are relatively close to each other, the expansion structure 43 is squeezed so that the middle part of the expansion structure 43 expands outward to form a bulge and contacts with the construction hole wall. Figure 5 Therefore, when pulling back the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3, the pull-back expansion assembly 4 close to the drill bit 3 can bring back the debris generated by the drilling after the expansion structure 43 swells, especially in the scenario where the bottom end of the blasthole is tilted downward, a large amount of debris can be brought out to avoid the accumulation of debris at the bottom of the hole affecting the filling of explosives, thereby improving the actual effect of the blasting construction, reducing the occurrence of blasting errors, and improving the construction quality.

[0048] It should be noted that the expansion structure 43 needs to have good deformation ability. Therefore, the expansion structure 43 is preferably made of rubber. For example, the expansion structure 43 is a rubber cylinder structure, and the two ends of the cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42. When the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 are squeezed against each other, the expansion structure 43 can be squeezed into a state of bulging outward.

[0049] Furthermore, for deep holes, the span of the drill rod 2 is large. When more debris is brought out during the pullback process, if only the pullback expansion assembly 4 is set at the drill bit 3, more debris will be brought out at this position, and the load of the expansion structure 43 is large. For this reason, in this embodiment, multiple pullback expansion assemblies 4 can also be set on the drill rod 2. For details, refer to the attached manual. Figure 3 The drill rod 2 is composed of a plurality of unit rods 21 . The pullback expansion assembly 4 on the drill rod 2 is arranged between two adjacent unit rods 21 . The pullback expansion assembly 4 at the drill bit 3 is arranged between the drill bit 3 and the unit rods 21 .

[0050] Refer to the instruction manual Figure 4 and Figure 6The pullback expansion component 4 also includes a first docking piece 44 and a second docking piece 45. The first docking piece 44 is arranged near the drill bit 3 in the pullback expansion component 4, and the second docking piece 45 is arranged far away from the drill bit 3 in the pullback expansion component 4. The first docking piece 44 is used to connect with the unit rod 21 or the drill bit 3, and the second docking piece 45 is used to connect with the unit rod 21. The first extrusion structure 41 is arranged near the first docking piece 44, and the second extrusion structure 42 is arranged near the second docking piece 45. A first connecting rod 411 is fixedly connected to the first extrusion structure 41, the first connecting rod 411 passes through the second extrusion structure 42, and is fixedly connected to the second docking piece 45, and the first connecting rod 411 is slidably matched with the second extrusion structure 42, and a second connecting rod 421 is fixedly connected to the second extrusion structure 42, the second connecting rod 421 passes through the first extrusion structure 41, and is fixedly connected to the first docking piece 44, and the second connecting rod 421 is slidably matched with the first extrusion structure 41.

[0051] It should be noted that, for the pullback expansion assembly 4 at the drill bit 3, the first docking piece 44 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 3, and the second docking piece 45 is fixedly connected to the corresponding unit rod 21, and for the pullback expansion assembly 4 on the drill rod 2, the first docking piece 44 and the second docking piece 45 are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding two unit rods 21, wherein the above connection can be threaded docking, so that the pullback expansion assembly 4 plays the role of a connecting piece, and during construction feeding, the mutual extrusion between the drill bit 3 and the rock formation makes the drill bit 3 and the unit rod 21 and the two unit rods 21 mutually connected. The element rods 21 are relatively close to each other, even if the first docking piece 44 and the second docking piece 45 are relatively close to each other, therefore, the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 are far away from each other, and no extrusion is caused to the expansion structure 43. When the construction is completed and the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3 are pulled back, the drill bit 3 forms a reverse pulling force on the pull-back expansion component 4 under the influence of the friction resistance between the hole wall and the drill bit 3, thereby making the first docking piece 44 and the second docking piece 45 far away from each other, and the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 are close to each other, so as to form an extrusion on the expansion structure 43.

[0052] In the above embodiment, since the drill rod 2 needs to transmit a large torque, although there are structures such as the first connecting rod 411 and the second connecting rod 421 between the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 and between the first butt joint 44 and the second butt joint 45 to transmit torque, in order to improve the ability of the structure to transmit torque, a pin and a pin hole structure can also be provided between the first butt joint 44 and the first extrusion structure 41 and between the second butt joint 45 and the second extrusion structure 42. During drilling and feeding, the first extrusion structure 41 fits with the first butt joint 44, and the second extrusion structure 42 fits with the second butt joint 45, so that the pin and the pin hole are butted, thereby improving the torque transmission capacity of the pullback expansion assembly 4. At the same time, for a blasthole with an upwardly inclined bottom, when the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3 are pulled back, the drill bit 3 may be closer to the unit rod 21 due to gravity. Therefore, in order to improve the expansion effect of the expansion structure 43 when the drill bit 3 is pulled back, elastic members may be provided between the second docking member 45 and the second extrusion structure 42 and between the first docking member 44 and the first extrusion structure 41. The elastic members are used to provide elastic force between the first extrusion structure 41 and the first docking member 44 and between the second extrusion structure 42 and the second docking member 45, so that the first extrusion structure 41 and the first docking member 44 and the second extrusion structure 42 and the second docking member 45 are separated from each other. In short, the elastic members may use a spring structure.

[0053] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the expansion structure 43 needs to contact both the hole wall and the slag during expansion, so the wear of the expansion structure 43 is relatively large. In order to increase the service life of the structure, refer to the attached manual. Figures 7 to 9 , an elastic metal sheet 46 is arranged outside the second extrusion structure 42, and the elastic metal sheet 46 is arranged around the outside of the second extrusion structure 42, a stacking area is formed between two adjacent elastic metal sheets 46, and the end of the elastic metal sheet 46 away from the expansion structure 43 is fixedly connected to the second extrusion structure 42, the elastic metal sheet 46 covers the outside of the expansion structure 43, and the end of the elastic metal sheet 46 away from the second extrusion structure 42 is a movable end, the elastic metal sheet 46 naturally stretches when not subjected to external force, and surrounds the outside of the expansion structure 43, and each elastic metal sheet 46 forms a surrounding structure, and when the expansion structure 43 expands outward, the elastic metal sheet 46 is squeezed outward, so that each elastic metal sheet 46 forms a trumpet shape, and there is a stacking area between each elastic metal sheet 46, so after opening, a complete surrounding structure can also be formed between each elastic metal sheet 46, so when the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3 are pulled back, the elastic metal sheet 46 actually contacts the hole wall and the debris, and the elastic metal sheet 46 adopts a metal structure, has a long service life, and has a strong ability to carry debris.

[0054] During drilling construction, the temperature of the drill bit is relatively high. Therefore, in order to reduce the temperature of the drill bit, the drilling rig assembly 1 is usually equipped with a water supply system. For example, the drilling rig assembly 1 also includes a water supply unit 14. The unit rod 21 is a hollow tube structure, and a water outlet is provided on the unit rod 21 close to the drill bit 3. The first docking piece 44, the second connecting rod 421, the second extrusion structure 42 and the second docking piece 45 are provided with a through flow hole 47. The water supply unit 14 is used to supply water to the unit rod 21 outside the rock wall, and the water supply of the water supply unit 14 is a commonly used existing technology (refer to the injection of high-pressure water into the hole through the drill rod in the drilling rig and anchor drilling). It is only necessary to inject high-pressure water into the borehole through the drill rod. Therefore, it is not described in detail in this embodiment.

[0055] Furthermore, in the process of pulling back the drill bit 3, the debris is mainly accumulated at the elastic metal sheet 46. As the pulling back expansion assembly 4 moves, the accumulated debris tends to be more compacted, which will form a larger reverse resistance to the elastic metal sheet 46. For this reason, referring to the positioning frame 6 in the figure of the specification, a water diversion hole 412 is provided in the first connecting rod 411, one end of the water diversion hole 412 is connected to the unit rod 21, and the other end of the water diversion hole 412 is connected to the area between the first extrusion structure 41, the second extrusion structure 42 and the expansion structure 43. When the expansion structure 43 expands, the elastic metal sheet 46 is lifted up, and part of the structure forms an inclined wall on the inner side of the elastic metal sheet 46, and the expansion structure 43 is provided with a water-permeable hole 431 at the position corresponding to the inclined wall, that is, the contact position of the expansion structure 43 with the elastic metal sheet 46 when it expands is provided with a water-permeable hole 431, and the elastic metal sheet 46 is provided with a mesh structure. Therefore, when the water supply unit 14 injects high-pressure water into the unit rod 21, referring to the figure of the specification Fig.10 In addition to being continuously transmitted to the depth through the flow holes 47, water can also enter the expansion structure 43 through the water diversion holes 412, and then flow out through the water permeable holes 431 at the inclined wall, so that a water flow can be formed at the elastic metal sheet 46, which can disperse the accumulated debris and prevent the debris from being compacted. In addition, excess water in the deep hole will flow back outward between the hole wall and the unit rod 21. The backflowing water can also pass through the mesh structure of the elastic metal sheet 46, thereby enabling the debris between the two adjacent groups of pullback expansion components 4 to be in a floating state, and as the pullback expansion component 4 is continuously pulled out, the debris is brought out, thereby improving the forming effect of the blasthole.

[0056] In the above embodiment, when facing the construction of a blasthole with a large depth, the length of the drill rod 2 is relatively long. Since the diameter of the drill bit 3 needs to be larger than the diameter of the drill rod 2, the drill rod 2 lacks support in the borehole. When the drill rod 2 spans a large distance, the drill rod 2 is prone to sag and bend, thereby increasing the impact with the hole wall and increasing the amount of debris generated. For this reason, this embodiment also provides an auxiliary support structure, refer to the attached manual Fig.11The first docking member 44 is fixedly installed with a mounting seat 71 on the outside, and a movable groove 72 is provided in the mounting seat 71, and a ball structure 7 is slidably provided in the movable groove 72. A slot 73 is provided in the mounting seat 71, and the movable slot 72 is connected to the slot 73. A limiting structure 74 is also provided on the movable slot 72, and the limiting structure 74 is used to prevent the ball structure 7 from sliding out. A wedge-shaped plug 413 is fixedly connected to the position corresponding to the slot 73 on the first extrusion structure 41. When the drill bit 3 drills in, the first extrusion structure 41 is tightly attached to the first docking member 44, and the wedge-shaped plug 413 is inserted into the slot 73 to push the ball structure 7 outward and roll in contact with the hole wall, so that multiple auxiliary supports can be formed on the drill rod 2 to improve the stability of the drill rod 2 during drilling. When the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3 are pulled back, the wedge-shaped plug 413 is pulled out of the slot 73, and the ball structure 7 can be retracted, thereby not affecting the backflow of water.

[0057] Refer to the instruction manual Figure 3 A positioning structure is provided at the end of the guide frame 11, and the positioning structure includes a positioning frame 6, which is fixedly mounted on the guide frame 11, and a plurality of positioning pins 61 are arranged on the positioning frame 6, and a hydraulic drive rod 62 is fixedly mounted on the positioning frame 6, and the positioning pin 61 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the hydraulic drive rod 62, and then during actual construction, according to the conditions of the rock wall in the area to be blasted and the parameters of the required inclination for drilling, the extension of each hydraulic drive rod 62 can be adjusted, and the positioning pin 61 is made to contact with the rock wall to form a positioning support for the positioning frame 6, and then it can provide stable support for the drill rod 2 on the rock wall, and can also improve the drilling accuracy of the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3.

[0058] In the above-mentioned embodiments, refer to the attached specification. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tunnel excavation and blasting device also includes a trolley 5, on which a manipulating mechanical arm 51 is provided, and a guide frame 11 is installed on the output end of the manipulating mechanical arm 51. The manipulating mechanical arm 51 can drive the drilling rig assembly 1 to move and rotate to ensure the precise construction of each blasthole, and the trolley 5 and its manipulating mechanical arm 51 are also commonly used equipment in rock drilling trolleys, and their specific structures are not described in detail in this embodiment.

[0059] In addition, refer to the instructions attached Fig.13 This embodiment also provides a method for using a tunnel excavation blasting device, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Optimize blasting parameters. Carry out smooth blasting test for the jointed rock mass in the tunnel excavation construction. Determine the reasonable charge amount, uncoupling coefficient, hole spacing, delay time and other important parameters in smooth blasting of the jointed rock mass through numerical simulation calculation and field test, improve the half-porosity and footage length, ensure the integrity of the tunnel surrounding rock, and improve the safety and stability of the surrounding rock.

[0061] Step 2: Determine the position, diameter and depth of each blasthole according to the parameters optimized in step 1;

[0062] Step 3: Operate the trolley 5 and the manipulator arm 51 to make the drilling rig assembly 1 reach the required position and adjust the drilling angle, then turn on the drilling rig body 12 and the propulsion unit 13 to make the drill bit 3 drill into the rock formation for drilling operations. At the same time, water is injected into the drill rod 2 through the water supply unit 14 to cool the drill bit 3;

[0063] Step 4: After the drilling is completed, the drill rod 2 and the drill bit 3 are driven back by the propulsion unit 13. When pulling back, the first extrusion structure 41 and the second extrusion structure 42 squeeze the expansion structure 43, so that the expansion structure 43 expands outwards and takes out the drilled material;

[0064] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all blastholes are constructed;

[0065] Step 6: Load the blasting materials into the blastholes, and determine the charge amount and charging method of each blasthole according to the blasting optimization parameters to ensure uniform and accurate charging;

[0066] Step seven: detonate explosives to carry out blasting operations.

[0067] In the above-mentioned implementation mode, the optimization of blasting parameters needs to be tested. The test needs to apply different magnitudes of axial pressure and confining pressure to the rock specimen. Equipment with active confining pressure loading function is required, such as a three-dimensional SHPB test system, which can apply active confining pressure in the range of 0 to 100 MPa and axial static pressure in the range of 0 to 200 MPa to the rock specimen, and can generate an impact load of 0 to 500 MPa, and can achieve a wide range of high strain rate (100 to 103 s-1) loading.

[0068] In addition, a hole blasting funnel test is also required. For example, the blast holes are arranged on the waistline of the test tunnel, that is, 1.2m away from the tunnel floor. The rock drill drills 18 (two groups) Φ40mm blast holes vertically on the tunnel side surface, with a drilling spacing of 1.5m. The designed blast hole depths are: 0.40m, 0.65m, 0.50m, 0.55m, 0.60m, 0.65m, 0.70m, 0.80m, 0.90m; the blast holes are arranged vertically on the free surface.

[0069] In order to ensure the reliability of the data obtained from the blasting funnel test, the rock powder left in the blasthole should be blown clean with water before charging, and the blasthole filling should be strictly filled in accordance with the design requirements. Therefore, after charging, it is necessary to fill with gun mud that meets the safety requirements and tamp it. The commonly used gun mud is a 1:3 mud-sand mixture with a humidity of 18% to 20%. This gun mud has both good plasticity and a large friction coefficient. The blasting is initiated by digital electronic detonators, and one hole is blasted each time. Through the single-hole blasting funnel test, the optimal blasting funnel depth is sought.

[0070] The purpose of conducting variable hole spacing multi-hole same-section blasting funnel test is to study the blasting conditions of the ore and rock at the bottom of the blasting funnel formed when the hole spacing of two adjacent blast holes changes, so as to determine the reasonable range of the hole bottom distance and provide a basis for the subsequent design of the parameters of the deep stope blasting hole network. The optimal blasting funnel depth obtained from the single hole blasting funnel test is selected as the charging depth, and the variable hole spacing same-section blasting funnel test is carried out to calculate the unit explosive consumption q under the same-section blasting condition. In the variable hole spacing same-section blasting test, the blasthole spacing is designed to be a multiple of the optimal blasting funnel radius, and multi-hole same-section blasting is carried out, and the blastholes are perpendicular to the tunnel side.

[0071] According to the blasting principle, when the charge is blasted, when the minimum resistance line is less than or equal to the radius of its destruction zone, the rock will be thrown or exploded, and when the resistance line is greater than its destruction radius, the charge will only produce internal explosion and cannot blast the charge to the rock on the free surface. Therefore, the resistance line is an important parameter of blasting. Based on this, the detailed parameters of horizontal medium-deep hole blasting, ore-gathering slot blasting, and eastern boundary deep hole blasting are designed.

[0072] After the optimized parameters are obtained, the blasting equipment provided in this embodiment can be used for blasting.

[0073] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel excavation blasting device, characterized in that: The drill rig comprises a drill assembly (1), a drill rod (2) and a drill bit (3); the drill assembly (1) comprises a guide frame (11), a drill body (12) and a propulsion unit (13); the drill body (12) is slidably arranged on the guide frame (11), and the drill body (12) is arranged on the output end of the propulsion unit (13); the drill rod (2) is mounted on the output end of the drill body (12), and the drill bit (3) is mounted on the rear end of the drill rod (2); The drill rod (2) is provided with a pullback expansion assembly (4), the pullback expansion assembly (4) comprising a first extrusion structure (41) and a second extrusion structure (42), an expansion structure (43) being provided between the first extrusion structure (41) and the second extrusion structure (42), and when the first extrusion structure (41) and the second extrusion structure (42) are relatively close, the expansion structure (43) is squeezed, so that the expansion structure (43) expands outwards to form a bulge; A plurality of pullback expansion assemblies (4) are arranged on the drill rod (2), one of the pullback expansion assemblies (4) being arranged close to the drill bit (3); the drill rod (2) is composed of a plurality of unit rods (21); the pullback expansion assembly (4) on the drill rod (2) is arranged between two adjacent unit rods (21); and the pullback expansion assembly (4) at the drill bit (3) is arranged between the drill bit (3) and the unit rods (21); The pullback expansion assembly (4) further comprises a first docking member (44) and a second docking member (45), wherein the first docking member (44) is arranged close to the drill bit (3), and the second docking member (45) is arranged away from the drill bit (3), the first docking member (44) is used to connect to the unit rod (21) or the drill bit (3), and the second docking member (45) is used to connect to the unit rod (21), the first extrusion structure (41) is arranged close to the first docking member (44), and the second extrusion structure (42) is arranged close to the second docking member (45), and the first extrusion structure (41) is arranged close to the first docking member (44). A first connecting rod (411) is fixedly connected to the first extruded structure (42), the first connecting rod (411) passes through the second extruded structure (42) and is fixedly connected to the second docking member (45), and the first connecting rod (411) and the second extruded structure (42) are slidably matched, a second connecting rod (421) is fixedly connected to the second extruded structure (42), the second connecting rod (421) passes through the first extruded structure (41) and is fixedly connected to the first docking member (44), and the second connecting rod (421) and the first extruded structure (41) are slidably matched; Wherein, for the pullback expansion assembly (4) at the drill bit (3), the first docking piece (44) is fixedly connected to the drill bit (3), and the second docking piece (45) is fixedly connected to the corresponding unit rod (21); for the pullback expansion assembly (4) on the drill rod (2), the first docking piece (44) and the second docking piece (45) are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding two unit rods (21).

2. A tunnel excavation blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pin and pin hole structure is provided between the first butt joint member (44) and the first extrusion structure (41), and between the second butt joint member (45) and the second extrusion structure (42); an elastic member is provided between the second butt joint member (45) and the second extrusion structure (42), and between the first butt joint member (44) and the first extrusion structure (41); the two groups of elastic members are used to provide elastic forces between the first extrusion structure (41) and the first butt joint member (44), and between the second extrusion structure (42) and the second butt joint member (45), respectively, so that the first extrusion structure (41) and the first butt joint member (44), and the second extrusion structure (42) and the second butt joint member (45) are moved away from each other.

3. A tunnel excavation blasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An elastic metal sheet (46) is arranged outside the second extruded structure (42), and the elastic metal sheet (46) is arranged around the outside of the second extruded structure (42), a stacking area is formed between two adjacent elastic metal sheets (46), one end of the elastic metal sheet (46) away from the expansion structure (43) is fixedly connected to the second extruded structure (42), the elastic metal sheet (46) covers the outside of the expansion structure (43), and one end of the elastic metal sheet (46) away from the second extruded structure (42) is a movable end.

4. A tunnel excavation blasting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drilling rig assembly (1) further comprises a water supply unit (14); the unit rod (21) is a hollow tube structure; a water outlet hole is provided on the unit rod (21) close to the drill bit (3); and through-flow holes (47) are provided on the first docking member (44), the second connecting rod (421), the second extrusion structure (42) and the second docking member (45); the water supply unit (14) is used to supply water to the unit rod (21) outside the rock wall.

5. A tunnel excavation blasting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A water inlet hole (412) is provided in the first connecting rod (411), one end of the water inlet hole (412) is connected to the unit rod (21), and the other end of the water inlet hole (412) is connected to the area between the first extrusion structure (41), the second extrusion structure (42) and the expansion structure (43), and a water permeable hole (431) is provided at a contact position between the expansion structure (43) and the elastic metal sheet (46) when the expansion structure (43) expands, and a mesh structure is provided on the elastic metal sheet (46).

6. A tunnel excavation blasting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A mounting seat (71) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the first docking member (44), a movable groove (72) is provided in the mounting seat (71), a ball structure (7) is slidably arranged in the movable groove (72), a slot (73) is provided in the mounting seat (71), the movable groove (72) is communicated with the slot (73), a limiting structure (74) is also provided on the movable groove (72), and a wedge-shaped plug block (413) is fixedly connected to a position on the first extrusion structure (41) corresponding to the slot (73).

7. A tunnel excavation blasting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The blasting device further comprises a trolley (5), the trolley (5) being provided with a manipulating mechanical arm (51), the guide frame (11) being mounted on the output end of the manipulating mechanical arm (51), a positioning frame (6) being fixedly mounted on the end of the guide frame (11), a plurality of groups of positioning pins (61) being arranged on the positioning frame (6), a hydraulic driving rod (62) being fixedly mounted on the positioning frame (6), and the positioning pin (61) being fixedly mounted on the output end of the hydraulic driving rod (62).

8. A method for using the tunnel excavation blasting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Conduct smooth blasting tests on the rock mass existing in the tunnel excavation construction, and determine the optimization parameters through numerical simulation calculations and field tests; Step 2: Determine the position, diameter and depth of each blasthole according to the parameters optimized in step 1; Step 3: operate the trolley (5) and the manipulator arm (51) to move the drilling rig assembly (1) to a desired position, and adjust the drilling angle, and then start the drilling rig body (12) and the propulsion unit (13) to allow the drill bit (3) to drill into the rock formation to perform a drilling operation; Step 4: After the drilling is completed, the propulsion unit (13) drives the drill rod (2) and the drill bit (3) to be pulled back. During the pulling back, the first extrusion structure (41) and the second extrusion structure (42) squeeze the expansion structure (43), causing the expansion structure (43) to expand outwards; Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all blastholes are constructed; Step 6: Load blasting materials into the blastholes, and determine the charge amount and charging method of each blasthole according to the blasting optimization parameters; Step 7: Detonate explosives to carry out blasting operations.

Images