Thermal management system, battery assembly, and electrical device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a heat management system, a battery assembly and an electrical device, the heat management system comprising: a heat exchange unit comprising at least two heat exchange pipelines, adjacent heat exchange pipelines are arranged in parallel, each heat exchange pipeline is provided with a heat exchanger, and the number of heat exchangers in at least one heat exchange pipeline is multiple and arranged in series; and an adjusting unit, the adjusting unit is configured to be capable of adjusting the heat exchange amount of each heat exchange pipeline by adjusting the refrigerant pressure and / or flow in the heat exchange pipeline. In this way, the refrigerant pressure and / or flow in each heat exchange pipeline is adjusted by the adjusting unit, so that the refrigerant pressure loss deviation between each heat exchange pipeline is within a preset range, thereby enabling uniform heat exchange of the heat exchangers on each heat exchange pipeline, so that the batteries located on the heat exchangers can be uniformly cooled.

Description

Thermal management system, battery pack and electrical equipment Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of battery pack thermal management technology, specifically to a thermal management system, battery assembly, and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As automotive power batteries develop towards higher capacity and higher charging rates, electrical equipment such as new energy vehicles have higher requirements for the power and response speed of vehicle battery heating and cooling. Due to the priority of vehicle layout space, when multiple battery packs or irregularly shaped battery packs are involved, there are huge differences in the heat exchange requirements between the cold plates used for heat exchange of the battery packs. The different sizes of the battery packs result in large differences in the pressure loss of each cold plate, thus affecting the uniformity of battery pack temperature. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a thermal management system, a battery assembly, and an electrical device, wherein the thermal management system ensures that the deviation between the heat exchange amounts of each heat exchange pipeline is within a preset range, thereby at least partially solving the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of this disclosure provides a thermal management system, comprising: a heat exchange unit including at least two heat exchange pipelines, adjacent heat exchange pipelines being arranged in parallel, each heat exchange pipeline being provided with a heat exchanger, and at least one heat exchange pipeline having a plurality of heat exchangers arranged in series; and an adjustment unit configured to adjust the heat exchange capacity of each heat exchange pipeline by adjusting the refrigerant pressure and / or flow rate within the heat exchange pipelines.

[0005] Optionally, the deviation in heat exchange capacity between each of the heat exchange pipelines shall not exceed 30%.

[0006] Optionally, the heat exchangers in at least two of the heat exchange pipelines have different heat exchange capacities.

[0007] Optionally, the heat exchange unit includes a first heat exchange pipeline, a second heat exchange pipeline, and a third heat exchange pipeline arranged in parallel. The heat exchanger includes a first heat exchanger disposed in the first heat exchange pipeline and used for heat exchange of the first battery pack, a second heat exchanger disposed in the second heat exchange pipeline and used for heat exchange of the second battery pack, and a third heat exchanger disposed in the third heat exchange pipeline and used for heat exchange of the third battery pack. The heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the third heat exchanger is different.

[0008] Optionally, there are multiple first heat exchangers connected in series in the first heat exchange pipeline; there are multiple second heat exchangers connected in series in the second heat exchange pipeline; wherein the heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchanger is less than that of the second heat exchanger.

[0009] Optionally, the regulating unit includes a first regulating component disposed in the first heat exchange pipeline, a second regulating component disposed in the second heat exchange pipeline, and a third regulating component disposed in the third heat exchange pipeline. The first regulating component, the second regulating component, and the third regulating component respectively regulate the refrigerant pressure and flow rate in the first heat exchange pipeline, the second heat exchange pipeline, and the third heat exchange pipeline.

[0010] Optionally, the first regulating component includes a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a first temperature sensor, and a first pressure-temperature sensor. The first electronic expansion valve and the first temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the first heat exchange pipeline, and the second electronic expansion valve and the first pressure-temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline. The second regulating component includes a third electronic expansion valve, a fourth electronic expansion valve, a second temperature sensor, and a second pressure-temperature sensor. The third electronic expansion valve and the second temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchange pipeline, and the fourth electronic expansion valve and the second pressure-temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline. The third regulating component includes a fifth electronic expansion valve, a sixth electronic expansion valve, a third temperature sensor, and a third pressure-temperature sensor. The fifth electronic expansion valve and the third temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the third heat exchange pipeline, and the sixth electronic expansion valve and the third pressure-temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline.

[0011] Optionally, the deviation value of the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange pipelines is equal to the ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum heat exchange capacity of the first, second, and third heat exchange pipelines to the maximum heat exchange capacity of the three pipelines.

[0012] Optionally, the thermal management system further includes a fourth heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid receiver, and a compressor. The refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is equipped with a seventh electronic expansion valve and is connected to the refrigerant inlet of each of the heat exchange pipelines. The refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is selectively and intermittently connected to either the refrigerant outlet or the refrigerant inlet of the compressor. The refrigerant inlet or outlet of the compressor is selectively and intermittently connected to the refrigerant outlet of each of the heat exchange pipelines. The gas-liquid separator is located within the compressor. The gas-liquid separator is located between the refrigerant inlet and the outlet of each heat exchange pipeline, and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator is selectively and intermittently connected to the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline or the refrigerant outlet of the compressor. The refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor. The liquid receiver is located between the fourth heat exchanger and the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchange pipeline, and the refrigerant inlet of the liquid receiver is and intermittently connected to the refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger. The refrigerant outlet of the liquid receiver is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchange pipeline.

[0013] Optionally, the thermal management system further includes a fifth heat exchanger, the refrigerant inlet of the fifth heat exchanger is provided with an eighth electronic expansion valve and is slew-connected to the liquid receiver, and the refrigerant outlet of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator.

[0014] Optionally, the thermal management system further includes a first switching component connected to the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline, the first switching component being configured to selectively connect the heat exchange pipeline to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor or the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator.

[0015] Optionally, the thermal management system further includes a second switching component connected to the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, the second switching component being configured to selectively connect the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator or the refrigerant outlet of the compressor.

[0016] Optionally, the first switching component includes two first control valves arranged in parallel, one of which is used to control the on / off state of the refrigerant outlet of the compressor and the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline, and the other of which is used to control the on / off state of the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline.

[0017] Optionally, the first switching component includes a ninth electronic expansion valve, a tenth electronic expansion valve, and an eleventh electronic expansion valve. The ninth electronic expansion valve is located at the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline and is connected in parallel with the second electronic expansion valve. The second electronic expansion valve controls the connection between the first heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator. The ninth electronic expansion valve controls the connection between the first heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor. The tenth electronic expansion valve is located at the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline and is connected in parallel with the fourth electronic expansion valve. The system is configured such that the fourth electronic expansion valve controls the connection between the second heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the tenth electronic expansion valve controls the connection between the second heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor; the eleventh electronic expansion valve is located at the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline and is connected in parallel with the sixth electronic expansion valve, the sixth electronic expansion valve controls the connection between the third heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the eleventh electronic expansion valve controls the connection between the third heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor.

[0018] Optionally, the second switching component includes two second control valves arranged in parallel, one of which is used to control the on / off state of the refrigerant outlet of the compressor and the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, and the other of which is used to control the on / off state of the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger.

[0019] Optionally, the thermal management system further includes an evaporator and a condenser. The refrigerant inlet of the evaporator is equipped with a twelfth electronic expansion valve and is responsively connected to the refrigerant outlet of the liquid receiver. The refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator. The refrigerant inlet of the condenser is equipped with a thirteenth electronic expansion valve and is responsively connected to the refrigerant outlet of the liquid receiver. The refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor.

[0020] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a battery assembly including the thermal management system described above.

[0021] A third aspect of this disclosure provides an electrical device including the battery assembly described above.

[0022] The above technical solution involves setting at least two heat exchange pipelines in the heat exchange unit, with adjacent heat exchange pipelines connected in parallel, and heat exchangers installed on each heat exchange pipeline. At least one heat exchange pipeline contains multiple heat exchangers connected in series. For example, for multiple battery packs of different sizes, the heat exchange capacity varies. The heat exchangers corresponding to the different battery packs can be connected in series in the heat exchange pipeline, and then adjacent heat exchange pipelines can be connected in parallel. An adjustment unit can regulate the refrigerant pressure and / or flow rate in each heat exchange pipeline to ensure that the refrigerant pressure loss deviation between the heat exchange pipelines is within a preset range. This allows for uniform heat exchange on the heat exchangers in each heat exchange pipeline, enabling the batteries located on the heat exchangers to dissipate heat evenly.

[0023] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of the thermal management system provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of the thermal management system provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0028] 1-Heat exchange unit; 11-First heat exchange pipeline; 12-Second heat exchange pipeline; 13-Third heat exchange pipeline; 2-Heat exchanger; 21-First heat exchanger; 22-Second heat exchanger; 23-Third heat exchanger; 3-Regulating unit; 31-First regulating component; 311-First electronic expansion valve; 312-Second electronic expansion valve; 313-First temperature sensor; 314-First pressure and temperature sensor; 32-Second regulating component; 321-Third electronic expansion valve; 322-Fourth electronic expansion valve; 323-Second temperature sensor; 324-Second pressure and temperature sensor; 33-Third regulating component; 331-Fifth electronic expansion valve; 332-Sixth electronic expansion valve; 333-Third temperature sensor ; 334-Third pressure and temperature sensor; 4-Fourth heat exchanger; 41-Seventh electronic expansion valve; 5-Gas-liquid separator; 6-Liquid receiver; 7-Compressor; 8-First switching assembly; 81-First control valve; 82-Ninth electronic expansion valve; 83-Tenth electronic expansion valve; 84-Eleventh electronic expansion valve; 9-Second switching assembly; 91-Second control valve; 10-Fifth heat exchanger; 101-Eighth electronic expansion valve; 110-Evaporator; 120-Condenser; 130-Twelfth electronic expansion valve; 140-Thirteenth electronic expansion valve; 150-First refrigerant delivery line; 160-Second refrigerant delivery line; 100-First battery pack; 200-Second battery pack; 300-Third battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0030] In this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish one element from another and do not indicate any order or importance. When the following description relates to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.

[0031] In related technologies, due to space constraints in new energy vehicles, battery packs may consist of multiple battery packs or combinations of irregularly shaped battery packs. The different number of cells in the battery packs leads to significant differences in the heat exchange requirements of the direct cooling plates that exchange heat between the battery packs. This results in large resistance deviations between different battery packs and larger saturation temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant in the direct cooling plates. Consequently, this can lead to greater temperature deviations between battery packs and reduce the overall performance of the battery pack.

[0032] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, as shown in Figures 1-2, the first aspect of this disclosure provides a thermal management system, including: a heat exchange unit 1 and an adjustment unit 3, wherein the heat exchange unit 1 includes at least two heat exchange pipelines, adjacent heat exchange pipelines are arranged in parallel, each heat exchange pipeline is provided with a heat exchanger 2, and the number of heat exchangers 2 in at least one heat exchange pipeline is multiple and arranged in series, and the adjustment unit 3 is configured to adjust the heat exchange capacity of each heat exchange pipeline by adjusting the refrigerant pressure and / or flow rate in the heat exchange pipeline.

[0033] Through the above technical solution, at least two heat exchange pipelines are set in the heat exchange unit 1, and adjacent heat exchange pipelines are connected in parallel. A heat exchanger 2 is set in each heat exchange pipeline, and the number of heat exchangers 2 in at least one heat exchange pipeline is multiple and connected in series. For example, for multiple battery packs of different sizes, the heat exchange capacity of different battery packs is different. The heat exchangers 2 corresponding to different battery packs can be connected in series in the heat exchange pipeline, and then adjacent heat exchange pipelines are connected in parallel. By distributing the heat exchangers 2 in each heat exchange pipeline, and by adjusting the refrigerant pressure and / or flow rate in each heat exchange pipeline through the adjustment unit 3, the heat exchange capacity in each heat exchange pipeline is made approximately or equal, so that the refrigerant pressure deviation in each heat exchange pipeline is within a preset range. This allows the refrigerant inlet and outlet saturation temperature of the heat exchanger 2 in each heat exchange pipeline to be controlled within a preset range, and the refrigerant in the heat exchanger 2 can uniformly dissipate heat from the battery located on the heat exchanger 2, thereby controlling the temperature of each battery pack within a preset range and improving the performance of the entire battery assembly.

[0034] In order to control the deviation of the heat exchange capacity of each heat exchange pipeline within a preset range, in some feasible methods, the deviation of the heat exchange capacity of each heat exchange pipeline is not greater than 30%.

[0035] In some feasible implementations, to enable the thermal management system to accommodate multiple battery packs of different sizes, the heat exchangers 2 in at least two heat exchange lines have different heat exchange capacities. For example, for irregularly shaped battery packs, the different number of cells in the packs leads to significant differences in the heat exchange requirements of the corresponding direct cooling plates, resulting in different cooling volumes in the heat exchangers 2. To make the heat exchange of each battery pack more uniform, the heat exchangers 2 corresponding to the smaller battery packs can be connected in series in one heat exchange line, while the heat exchangers 2 corresponding to the larger battery packs can be connected in series in another heat exchange line. Heat exchanger 2 is connected in series in another heat exchange pipeline. The refrigerant pressure and / or flow rate in each heat exchange pipeline are adjusted by the regulating unit 3 so that the heat exchange in each heat exchange pipeline is approximately equal or equal. Thus, the refrigerant pressure deviation in each heat exchange pipeline is within a preset range, thereby controlling the refrigerant inlet and outlet saturation temperature of heat exchanger 2 in each heat exchange pipeline within a preset range. The refrigerant in heat exchanger 2 can also uniformly dissipate heat from the batteries located on heat exchanger 2, thereby controlling the temperature of each battery pack within a preset range and improving the performance of the entire battery pack.

[0036] In some feasible embodiments, the heat exchange unit 1 may include a first heat exchange pipeline 11, a second heat exchange pipeline 12, and a third heat exchange pipeline 13 arranged in parallel. The heat exchanger 2 includes a first heat exchanger 21 disposed in the first heat exchange pipeline 11 and used for heat exchange of the first battery pack 100, a second heat exchanger 22 disposed in the second heat exchange pipeline 12 and used for heat exchange of the second battery pack 200, and a third heat exchanger 23 disposed in the third heat exchange pipeline 13 and used for heat exchange of the third battery pack 300. The heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchanger 21, the second heat exchanger 22, and the third heat exchanger 23 is different. In this embodiment, the heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchanger 21, the second heat exchanger 22, and the third heat exchanger 23 is based on the first battery pack 100 that exchanges heat with the first heat exchanger 21 and the second battery that exchanges heat with the second heat exchanger 22. The number of cells in the first battery pack 100 and the third battery pack 300 that exchanges heat with the third heat exchanger 23 is determined by the number of cells in the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300. For example, the first battery pack 100 has the fewest cells, the second battery pack 200 has a medium number of cells, and the third battery pack 300 has the most cells. This results in the first heat exchanger 21 having the least heat exchange, the second heat exchanger 22 having a medium heat exchange, and the third heat exchanger 23 having the most heat exchange. In order to make the refrigerant flow rate and pressure in the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 tend to be the same or similar, the total number of cells in the multiple first battery packs 100 in the first heat exchange pipe 11, the total number of cells in the multiple second battery packs 200 in the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the total number of cells in the third battery pack 300 in the third heat exchange pipe 13 are similar or the same.

[0037] In some feasible embodiments, in order to reduce the number of heat exchange pipes and facilitate the adjustment of refrigerant pressure and flow rate in each heat exchange pipe, there are multiple first heat exchangers 21 connected in series in the first heat exchange pipe 11, and multiple second heat exchangers 22 connected in series in the second heat exchange pipe 12; wherein the heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchanger 21 is less than that of the second heat exchanger 22. As shown in Figure 1, there are three first heat exchangers 21 connected in series on the first heat exchange pipe 11. Each first heat exchanger 21 corresponds to a first battery pack 100 with four battery cells. There are two second heat exchangers 22 connected in series on the second heat exchange pipe 12. Each second heat exchanger corresponds to a second battery pack 200 with six battery cells. There is one third heat exchanger 23 with twelve battery cells. This ensures that the heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 is the same. Therefore, through the series connection of multiple first heat exchangers 21 and multiple second heat exchangers 22... This setup saves time and avoids the need to separately install corresponding heat exchange pipelines for each first heat exchanger 21 and each second heat exchanger 22. Furthermore, the series connection of the first and second heat exchangers 21 and 22 facilitates the control of refrigerant pressure and flow rate in the first and second heat exchange pipelines 11 and 12. For example, by simply controlling the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11 with control valves, the refrigerant flow rate and pressure of the entire pipeline can be controlled by adjusting the valve opening. Similarly, corresponding control valves can be installed at the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the refrigerant flow rate and pressure of the entire pipeline can be controlled by adjusting the valve opening.

[0038] It is understood that the number of the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300, as well as the number of cells in each battery pack, are illustrative. In other embodiments, the number of cells in the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300 can be other values. The number of first battery packs 100 connected in series with the first heat exchange pipe 11 and the number of second battery packs 200 connected in series with the second heat exchange pipe 12 can also be other values. Of course, the first battery packs 100 and the second battery packs 200 can also be mixed and cross-arranged in different heat exchange pipes, as long as the total number of cells in each heat exchange pipe is similar or equal.

[0039] To facilitate the adjustment of refrigerant pressure and flow rate in the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13, in some feasible embodiments, the adjustment unit 3 includes a first adjustment component 31 disposed in the first heat exchange pipeline 11, a second adjustment component 32 disposed in the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and a third adjustment component 33 disposed in the third heat exchange pipeline 13. The first adjustment component 31, the second adjustment component 32, and the third adjustment component 33 respectively adjust the refrigerant pressure and flow rate in the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13.

[0040] In some feasible embodiments, the first regulating component 31 includes a first electronic expansion valve 311, a second electronic expansion valve 312, a first temperature sensor 313, and a first pressure-temperature sensor 314. The first electronic expansion valve 311 and the first temperature sensor 313 are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11. The flow rate of the refrigerant entering the first heat exchange pipeline 11 is controlled by the valve opening of the first electronic expansion valve 311, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11 is measured by the first temperature sensor 313. The second electronic expansion valve 312 and the first pressure-temperature sensor 314 are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11. The pressure of the refrigerant in the first heat exchange pipeline 11 is controlled by the valve opening of the second electronic expansion valve 312, and the temperature and pressure at the outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11 are measured by the first pressure-temperature sensor 314.

[0041] Of course, the second regulating component 32 includes a third electronic expansion valve 321, a fourth electronic expansion valve 322, a second temperature sensor 323, and a second pressure and temperature sensor 324. The third electronic expansion valve 321 and the second temperature sensor 323 are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12. The opening degree of the third electronic expansion valve 321 controls the flow rate of the refrigerant entering the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the second temperature sensor 323 measures the refrigerant temperature at the inlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12 in real time. The fourth electronic expansion valve 322 and the second pressure and temperature sensor 324 are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12. The opening degree of the third electronic expansion valve 321 controls the flow rate of the refrigerant entering the second heat exchange pipeline 12, the opening degree of the fourth electronic expansion valve 322 controls the refrigerant pressure in the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the second pressure and temperature sensor 324 measures the temperature and pressure at the outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12 in real time.

[0042] In addition, the third regulating component 33 includes a fifth electronic expansion valve 331, a sixth electronic expansion valve 332, a third temperature sensor 333, and a third pressure and temperature sensor 334. The fifth electronic expansion valve 331 and the third temperature sensor 333 are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the third heat exchange pipeline 13. The flow rate of the refrigerant entering the third heat exchange pipeline 13 is controlled by the valve opening of the fifth electronic expansion valve 331, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the third heat exchange pipeline 13 is measured in real time by the third temperature sensor 333. The sixth electronic expansion valve 332 and the third pressure and temperature sensor 334 are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline 13. The pressure of the refrigerant in the third heat exchange pipeline 13 is controlled by the valve opening of the sixth electronic expansion valve 332, and the temperature and pressure at the outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline 13 are measured in real time by the third pressure and temperature sensor 334.

[0043] When the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 cool and exchange heat with the first battery pack 100 corresponding to the first heat exchanger 21, the second battery pack 200 corresponding to the second heat exchanger 22, and the third battery pack 300 corresponding to the third heat exchanger 23, the heat exchange is first allocated according to the number of the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300 and the number of cells in each battery pack, so that the heat exchange of the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 passes through the first heat exchange pipe 11. The number of first heat exchange pipes 11 is preset to determine the amount of heat exchange required by the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13. The heat exchange capacity in the first heat exchange pipeline 11 is approximately equal to or similar to that in the third heat exchange pipeline 13, thereby obtaining the preset target value of the required heat exchange capacity for each heat exchange pipeline. The pressure in the first heat exchange pipeline 11 is controlled by the second electronic expansion valve 312, and the pressure value is displayed in real time by the first pressure and temperature sensor 314. When the pressure value of the first pressure and temperature sensor 314 is within the preset pressure range, the valve opening of the second electronic expansion valve 312 stops adjusting. The refrigerant flow rate in the first heat exchange pipeline 11 is controlled by the valve opening of the first electronic expansion valve 311. The refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11 is measured in real time by the first pressure and temperature sensor 314. The refrigerant temperature at the outlet of pipe 11 is subtracted from the pressure value when the first pressure temperature sensor 314 is within the preset pressure range to calculate the corresponding saturation temperature under that pressure state. This determines whether the refrigerant superheat of the first heat exchange pipe 11 is within the preset range. It should be noted that superheat is an important parameter in the refrigeration system. When the superheat is greater than the preset value, the first electronic expansion valve 311 will open its valve opening to increase the refrigerant flow rate, thus reducing the superheat. When the superheat is less than the set value, the first electronic expansion valve 311 will close its valve opening to reduce the refrigerant flow rate, thus increasing the superheat, ultimately bringing the superheat within the preset range. In this embodiment, if the first heat exchange pipe 11... When the refrigerant superheat of heat exchange pipe 11 is within a preset range, the valve opening of the first electronic expansion valve 311 is stopped from being adjusted. The heat exchange of the first heat exchange pipe 11 is within a preset range. Similarly, the refrigerant flow rate and refrigerant pressure of the second heat exchange pipe 12 and the third heat exchange pipe 13 can be adjusted with reference to the first heat exchange pipe 11. Ultimately, the deviation between the heat exchange of the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12 and the third heat exchange pipe 13 is no more than 30%, thereby enabling uniform heat dissipation of the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300, and keeping the overall temperature of the battery assembly within a preset range.

[0044] Understandably, in order to facilitate the introduction of refrigerant into the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13, the inlets of the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13 can all be connected to the first refrigerant delivery pipeline 150, so that the low-temperature liquid refrigerant can be delivered to the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13 respectively through the first refrigerant delivery pipeline 150.

[0045] In some feasible embodiments, the deviation in heat exchange capacity between heat exchanger lines is equal to the ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchanger line 11, the second heat exchanger line 12, and the third heat exchanger line 13 to the maximum heat exchange capacity. For example, the heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchanger line 11 is Qa, the heat exchange capacity of the second heat exchanger line 12 is Qb, and the heat exchange capacity of the third heat exchanger line 13 is Qc. The deviation in heat exchange capacity between the heat exchanger lines is A, where A = (max(Qa, Qb, Qc) - min(Qa, Qb, Qc)) / max(Qa, Qb, Qc), and A ≤ 30%, preferably A ≤ 20%.

[0046] When the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 heat the first battery pack 100 corresponding to the first heat exchanger 21, the second battery pack 200 corresponding to the second heat exchanger 22, and the third battery pack 300 corresponding to the third heat exchanger 23, it is understood that, in order to facilitate the introduction of high-temperature refrigerant into the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13, the outlets of the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 can all be connected to the second refrigerant delivery pipe 160. Thus, the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant is delivered through the second refrigerant delivery pipe 160 and moves in the opposite direction to the refrigerant during cooling, i.e., from the first heat exchange... The refrigerant outlets of pipes 11, 12, and 13 flow toward the refrigerant inlet, thereby heating the corresponding first battery pack 100, second battery pack 200, and third battery pack 300 in the first, second, and third heat exchange pipes 11, 12, and 13. The pressure in the first heat exchange pipe 11 is controlled by a second electronic expansion valve 312, and the pressure and temperature values ​​are displayed in real time by a first pressure-temperature sensor 314. When the pressure value of the first pressure-temperature sensor 314 is within a preset pressure range, the opening of the second electronic expansion valve 312 stops adjusting. The flow rate of refrigerant entering the first heat exchange pipe 11 is controlled by the opening of the first electronic expansion valve 311. The refrigerant temperature of the first heat exchange pipe 11 is measured in real time by the first temperature sensor 313. The saturation temperature at that pressure is calculated by subtracting the pressure value of the first pressure temperature sensor 314 when the refrigerant temperature of the first heat exchange pipe 11 measured by the first temperature sensor 313 from the pressure value when the pressure temperature sensor 314 is within the preset pressure range. This determines whether the subcooling of the refrigerant in the first heat exchange pipe 11 is within the preset range. It should be noted that subcooling is an important parameter in the refrigeration system. When the subcooling is greater than the preset value, the first electronic expansion valve 311 will increase the valve opening to increase the refrigerant flow, thus decreasing the subcooling. When the subcooling is less than the set value, the first electronic expansion valve 311 will decrease the valve opening to reduce the refrigerant flow, thus increasing the subcooling. To ensure that the subcooling is within a preset range, in this embodiment, if the subcooling of the refrigerant in the first heat exchange pipe 11 is within a preset range, the valve opening of the first electronic expansion valve 311 is stopped from being adjusted, and the heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchange pipe 11 is within a preset range. Similarly, the refrigerant flow rate and refrigerant pressure of the second heat exchange pipe 12 and the third heat exchange pipe 13 can be adjusted with reference to the first heat exchange pipe 11, so that the deviation between the heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12 and the third heat exchange pipe 13 is not greater than 30%, thereby enabling the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300 to be heated uniformly, so that the overall temperature of the battery assembly is within a preset range.

[0047] To facilitate the cooling or heating of the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300 by the thermal management system, in some feasible embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a fourth heat exchanger 4, a gas-liquid separator 5, a liquid receiver 6, and a compressor 7. The refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 4 is equipped with a seventh electronic expansion valve 41 and is connected to the refrigerant inlet of each heat exchange pipeline. The refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 4 is selectively and intermittently connected to either the refrigerant outlet or the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 7. The refrigerant inlet or outlet of the compressor 7 is selectively connected to… The refrigerant outlets of each heat exchange pipeline can be switched on and off; the gas-liquid separator 5 is located between the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 7 and the outlets of each heat exchange pipeline, and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 is selectively connected to the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline or the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7, and the refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 7; the liquid receiver 6 is located between the fourth heat exchanger 4 and the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchange pipeline, and the refrigerant inlet of the liquid receiver 6 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 4, and the refrigerant outlet of the liquid receiver 6 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchange pipeline.

[0048] When cooling of the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300 is required, the low-temperature refrigerant in the reservoir 6 enters through the refrigerant inlets of the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13, and cools the corresponding first battery pack 100, second battery pack 200, and third battery pack 300 through the first heat exchanger 21, the second heat exchanger 22, and the third heat exchanger 23. After the refrigerant is heated by the heat exchange, it becomes gaseous and is cooled by the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchanger 22, and the third heat exchanger 23. The refrigerant outlets of the heat pipe 12 and the third heat exchange pipe 13 are discharged and connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5. The high-temperature refrigerant undergoes gas-liquid separation and enters the compressor 7 for compression. After being compressed, it passes through the fourth heat exchanger 4 for heat exchange and cooling. Then, it passes through the seventh electronic expansion valve 41 for throttling to form a low-temperature liquid refrigerant that enters the liquid reservoir 6. This circulation cools the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300, so that the temperature of each battery pack is maintained within a preset range to maintain the performance of the battery assembly.

[0049] When heating is required for the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300, high-temperature refrigerant enters from and exits from the refrigerant outlets of each heat exchange pipeline. At this time, the refrigerant is pressurized and heated through the refrigerant outlet of compressor 7, and the refrigerant outlet of compressor 7 is connected to the refrigerant outlets of the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13. High-temperature refrigerant flows from the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 300. The refrigerant enters through the outlet of pipe 13 and heats the corresponding first battery pack 100, second battery pack 200 and third battery pack 300. Then, it is discharged from the outlet of the first heat exchange pipe 11, second heat exchange pipe 12 and third heat exchange pipe 13 into the liquid storage tank 6. After evaporation and heat absorption through the seventh electronic expansion valve 41 and the fourth heat exchanger 4, it returns to the gas-liquid separator 5, completing the heating refrigerant cycle so that the temperature of each battery pack is maintained within the preset range to maintain the performance of the battery assembly.

[0050] In addition, when the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300 are heated, in order to quickly evaporate and absorb heat to cool the refrigerant, the thermal management system also includes a fifth heat exchanger 10. The refrigerant inlet of the fifth heat exchanger 10 is connected to the liquid receiver 6 in a switchable manner, and the refrigerant outlet of the fifth heat exchanger 10 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 5. The fifth heat exchanger 10 can be a plate heat exchanger. For example, the two ends of the heat exchange channel of the plate heat exchanger are connected to the cooling circuits of the vehicle's motor and electronic control, respectively. When the battery or the cabin has a heating demand, the waste heat of the motor or electronic control can be recovered to exchange heat with the refrigerant. The refrigerant passing through the fifth heat exchanger 10 enters the gas-liquid separator 5 to achieve a high energy efficiency ratio for the entire thermal control system.

[0051] In some feasible embodiments, to facilitate the switching of the thermal management system for heating or cooling the battery packs, the thermal management system further includes a first switching component 8 connected to the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline. The first switching component 8 is configured to selectively connect the heat exchange pipeline to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7 or the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5. Thus, when cooling of the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300 is required, low-temperature liquid refrigerant enters from the reservoir 6 into the refrigerant inlets of the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13 to cool the corresponding first battery pack 100, second battery pack 200, and third battery pack 300. The heated refrigerant then connects the refrigerant outlet of each heat exchange pipeline to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 via the first switching component 8. The gas-liquid separated refrigerant then enters the compressor 7 for compression. The refrigerant is compressed and cooled by the fourth heat exchanger 4, then throttled by the seventh electronic expansion valve 41 and re-enters the reservoir 6. Conversely, when it is necessary to heat the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300, the refrigerant flow is reversed. At this time, the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline is switched to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7 by the first switching component 8. The high-temperature refrigerant compressed by the compressor 7 enters from the refrigerant outlets of the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13 and heats the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300. The thermal management system also includes a second switching component 9 connected to the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 4. The second switching component 9 is configured to selectively connect the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 4 to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 or the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7.

[0052] In some specific embodiments, the first switching component 8 includes two first control valves 81 arranged in parallel. One first control valve 81 is used to control the on / off connection between the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7 and the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline, and the other first control valve 81 is used to control the on / off connection between the gas-liquid separator 5 and the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline. The first control valves 81 can be solenoid valves. In this way, by switching the two first control valves 81 on and off, the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline can be selectively connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7 or the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5, thereby facilitating the switching of cooling or heating of the battery pack.

[0053] Furthermore, the first switching assembly 8 can also consist of multiple electronic expansion valves. For example, the first switching assembly 8 includes a ninth electronic expansion valve 82, a tenth electronic expansion valve 83, and an eleventh electronic expansion valve 84. The ninth electronic expansion valve 82 is located at the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11 and is connected in parallel with the second electronic expansion valve 312. The second electronic expansion valve 312 controls the on / off connection between the first heat exchange pipeline 11 and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5, while the ninth electronic expansion valve 82 controls the on / off connection between the first heat exchange pipeline 11 and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7. Thus, when cooling of the battery pack is required, [the following is a possible interpretation of the original text, which is not directly related to the initial statement about the electronic expansion valve 84]. The ninth electronic expansion valve 82 is closed and the second electronic expansion valve 312 is opened to connect the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11 with the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5, thereby allowing the high-temperature refrigerant after cooling the first battery pack 100 to enter the gas-liquid separator 5. Conversely, when it is necessary to heat the battery pack, the ninth electronic expansion valve 82 is opened and the second electronic expansion valve 312 is closed to connect the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11 with the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7, thereby allowing the high-temperature refrigerant to enter the first heat exchange pipeline 11 from the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline 11 to heat the first battery pack 100.

[0054] Of course, the tenth electronic expansion valve 83 is located at the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12 and is connected in parallel with the fourth electronic expansion valve 322. The fourth electronic expansion valve 322 is used to control the opening and closing of the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 between the second heat exchange pipeline 12 and the gas-liquid separator 5, and the tenth electronic expansion valve 83 is used to control the opening and closing of the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7 between the second heat exchange pipeline 12 and the compressor 7. Thus, when the battery pack needs to be cooled, the tenth electronic expansion valve 83 is closed and the fourth electronic expansion valve 322 is opened to allow the second heat exchange pipeline to cool. The refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5, so that the high-temperature refrigerant after cooling the second battery pack 200 enters the gas-liquid separator 5. Conversely, when the battery pack needs to be heated, the tenth electronic expansion valve 83 is opened and the fourth electronic expansion valve 322 is closed so that the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7, so that the high-temperature refrigerant enters the second heat exchange pipeline 12 from the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline 12 to heat the second battery pack 200.

[0055] Furthermore, the eleventh electronic expansion valve 84 is located at the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline 13 and is connected in parallel with the sixth electronic expansion valve 332. The sixth electronic expansion valve 332 controls the on / off connection between the third heat exchange pipeline 13 and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5, and the eleventh electronic expansion valve 84 controls the on / off connection between the third heat exchange pipeline 13 and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7. Thus, when cooling of the battery pack is required, the eleventh electronic expansion valve 84 is closed and the sixth electronic expansion valve 332 is opened to allow the third heat exchange pipeline 13 to cool. The refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline 13 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5, so that the high-temperature refrigerant after cooling the third battery pack 300 enters the gas-liquid separator 5. Conversely, when the battery pack needs to be heated, the eleventh electronic expansion valve 84 is opened and the sixth electronic expansion valve 332 is closed so that the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline 13 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7, so that the high-temperature refrigerant enters the third heat exchange pipeline 13 from the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline 13 to heat the third battery pack 300.

[0056] In some feasible embodiments, to facilitate the thermal management system's switching between heating and cooling the battery pack, the second switching assembly 9 includes two parallel second control valves 91. The second control valves 91 can be solenoid valves. One second control valve 91 is used to control the connection between the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7 and the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 4, and the other second control valve 91 is used to control the connection between the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 and the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 4. In this way, by switching the two second control valves 91 on and off, the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 4 can be selectively connected to either the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7 or the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5, thereby facilitating the thermal management system's switching between cooling and heating the battery pack.

[0057] In some feasible implementations, to facilitate the cooling or heating of the battery pack by the thermal management system, the thermal management system also includes an evaporator 110 and a condenser 120. For example, in new energy vehicles, the evaporator 110 can be an in-vehicle evaporator, and the condenser 120 can be an in-vehicle condenser. The refrigerant inlet of the evaporator 110 is equipped with a twelfth electronic expansion valve 130 and is responsively connected to the refrigerant outlet of the reservoir 6. The refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 110 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator 5. The refrigerant inlet of the condenser 120 is equipped with a thirteenth electronic expansion valve 140 and is responsively connected to the refrigerant outlet of the reservoir 6. The refrigerant outlet of condenser 120 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of compressor 7. Thus, when cooling of the battery pack is required, the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant from the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 passes through the gas-liquid separator 5 and enters the compressor 7 for compression. Part of the compressed refrigerant from the compressor 7 outlet enters the fourth heat exchanger 4 and the seventh electronic expansion valve 41 for throttling and cooling, forming a low-temperature liquid refrigerant that enters the receiver 6. The remaining compressed refrigerant enters the condenser 120 and the twelfth electronic expansion valve 130 for throttling and cooling, forming a low-temperature liquid refrigerant that enters the receiver 6. The low-temperature liquid refrigerant then flows from the receiver 6... The refrigerant is diverted within the compressor 6 and flows into the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 respectively to cool the corresponding first battery pack 100, second battery pack 200, and third battery pack 300. This, combined with the condenser 120, accelerates the formation of low-temperature liquid refrigerant, ensuring sufficient refrigerant enters the first heat exchange pipe 11, the second heat exchange pipe 12, and the third heat exchange pipe 13 to cool the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200, and the third battery pack 300. When heating of the battery pack is required, high-temperature gaseous refrigerant flows from the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 7 through... The refrigerant outlets of the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13 enter the refrigerant after heat exchange and cooling. The cooled refrigerant part passes through the liquid receiver 6, then through the fourth heat exchanger 4 and the fifth heat exchanger 10 for heat exchange, and then enters the gas-liquid separator 5. After that, it passes through the compressor 7 and enters the first heat exchange pipeline 11, the second heat exchange pipeline 12, and the third heat exchange pipeline 13 again. In this embodiment, the cooled refrigerant part can also pass through the evaporator 110 for heat exchange before entering the gas-liquid separator 5, thereby improving the efficiency of forming high-temperature refrigerant and ensuring that the thermal management system has enough high-temperature refrigerant to heat the battery pack.

[0058] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a battery assembly including the aforementioned thermal management system. This thermal management system can cool and heat each battery pack within the battery assembly, keeping the temperature of each battery pack within a preset range, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the battery packs and preventing performance degradation of the battery assembly due to temperature differences. It should be noted that the aforementioned battery assembly includes all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned thermal management system, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0059] This disclosure provides a third aspect of an electrical device, including the aforementioned battery assembly. It should be noted that the electrical device can be a new energy vehicle containing a battery assembly. The battery assembly enables uniform cooling or heating of the battery packs within it, ensuring that the temperatures of each battery pack are similar and thus guaranteeing the performance of the battery packs. Of course, the description of the electrical device as a new energy vehicle containing a battery assembly is illustrative; in other embodiments, the electrical device can take other forms, such as an energy storage battery electrical device.

[0060] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0061] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0062] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A thermal management system, characterized in that, include: A heat exchange unit includes at least two heat exchange pipelines, adjacent heat exchange pipelines are arranged in parallel, each heat exchange pipeline is provided with a heat exchanger, and at least one heat exchange pipeline has multiple heat exchangers arranged in series; and an adjustment unit, the adjustment unit being configured to adjust the heat exchange capacity of each heat exchange pipeline by adjusting the refrigerant pressure and / or flow rate within the heat exchange pipelines; the heat exchange unit includes a first heat exchange pipeline, a second heat exchange pipeline, and a third heat exchange pipeline arranged in parallel, and the heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger disposed in the first heat exchange pipeline and used for the second heat exchange pipeline. The system includes a first heat exchanger for heat exchange of a battery pack, a second heat exchanger disposed in the second heat exchange pipeline and used for heat exchange of the second battery pack, and a third heat exchanger disposed in the third heat exchange pipeline and used for heat exchange of the third battery pack. The heat exchange capacities of the first, second, and third heat exchangers are different. The deviation in the heat exchange capacities of the heat exchange pipelines is equal to the ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum heat exchange capacities of the three heat exchange pipelines to the maximum heat exchange capacities.

2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deviation in heat exchange capacity between each heat exchange pipeline shall not exceed 30%.

3. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchangers in at least two of the heat exchange pipelines have different heat exchange capacities.

4. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple first heat exchangers connected in series in the first heat exchange pipeline; there are multiple second heat exchangers connected in series in the second heat exchange pipeline; wherein the heat exchange capacity of the first heat exchanger is less than that of the second heat exchanger.

5. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulating unit includes a first regulating component disposed in the first heat exchange pipeline, a second regulating component disposed in the second heat exchange pipeline, and a third regulating component disposed in the third heat exchange pipeline. The first regulating component, the second regulating component, and the third regulating component respectively regulate the refrigerant pressure and flow rate in the first heat exchange pipeline, the second heat exchange pipeline, and the third heat exchange pipeline.

6. The thermal management system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first regulating component includes a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a first temperature sensor, and a first pressure-temperature sensor. The first electronic expansion valve and the first temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the first heat exchange pipeline, and the second electronic expansion valve and the first pressure-temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline. The second regulating component includes a third electronic expansion valve, a fourth electronic expansion valve, a second temperature sensor, and a second pressure-temperature sensor. The third electronic expansion valve and the second temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchange pipeline, and the fourth electronic expansion valve and the second pressure-temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline. The third regulating component includes a fifth electronic expansion valve, a sixth electronic expansion valve, a third temperature sensor, and a third pressure-temperature sensor. The fifth electronic expansion valve and the third temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant inlet of the third heat exchange pipeline, and the sixth electronic expansion valve and the third pressure-temperature sensor are both located at the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline.

7. The thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes a fourth heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid receiver, and a compressor. The refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is equipped with a seventh electronic expansion valve and is connected to the refrigerant inlet of each of the heat exchange pipelines. The refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is selectively and intermittently connected to either the refrigerant outlet or the refrigerant inlet of the compressor. The refrigerant inlet or outlet of the compressor is selectively and intermittently connected to either the refrigerant outlet of each of the heat exchange pipelines. The gas-liquid separator is located between the refrigerant inlet of the compressor and the outlet of each of the heat exchange pipelines, and its refrigerant inlet is selectively and intermittently connected to either the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline or the refrigerant outlet of the compressor. The refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor. The liquid receiver is located between the fourth heat exchanger and the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchange pipelines. The refrigerant inlet of the liquid receiver is and intermittently connected to the refrigerant outlet of the fourth heat exchanger, and the refrigerant outlet of the liquid receiver is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchange pipeline.

8. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes a fifth heat exchanger, the refrigerant inlet of which is equipped with an eighth electronic expansion valve and connected to the liquid storage tank, and the refrigerant outlet of the fifth heat exchanger connected to the gas-liquid separator.

9. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes a first switching component connected to the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline, the first switching component being configured to selectively connect the heat exchange pipeline to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor or the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator.

10. The thermal management system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes a second switching component connected to the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, the second switching component being configured to selectively connect the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator or the refrigerant outlet of the compressor.

11. The thermal management system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first switching component includes two first control valves arranged in parallel. One of the first control valves is used to control the on / off state of the refrigerant outlet of the compressor and the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline, and the other first control valve is used to control the on / off state of the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchange pipeline.

12. The thermal management system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first switching component includes a ninth electronic expansion valve, a tenth electronic expansion valve, and an eleventh electronic expansion valve. The ninth electronic expansion valve is located at the refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange pipeline and is connected in parallel with the second electronic expansion valve. The second electronic expansion valve controls the on / off connection between the first heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the ninth electronic expansion valve controls the on / off connection between the first heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor. The tenth electronic expansion valve is located at the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchange pipeline and is connected in parallel with the fourth electronic expansion valve. The fourth electronic expansion valve is used to control the on / off connection between the second heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator; the tenth electronic expansion valve is used to control the on / off connection between the second heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor; the eleventh electronic expansion valve is located at the refrigerant outlet of the third heat exchange pipeline and is connected in parallel with the sixth electronic expansion valve; the sixth electronic expansion valve is used to control the on / off connection between the third heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator; and the eleventh electronic expansion valve is used to control the on / off connection between the third heat exchange pipeline and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor.

13. The thermal management system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second switching component includes two second control valves arranged in parallel. One of the second control valves is used to control the on / off state of the refrigerant outlet of the compressor and the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, and the other second control valve is used to control the on / off state of the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant inlet of the fourth heat exchanger.

14. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes an evaporator and a condenser. The refrigerant inlet of the evaporator is equipped with a twelfth electronic expansion valve and is shunt-connected to the refrigerant outlet of the liquid receiver. The refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the gas-liquid separator. The refrigerant inlet of the condenser is equipped with a thirteenth electronic expansion valve and is shunt-connected to the refrigerant outlet of the liquid receiver. The refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the compressor.

15. A battery assembly, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes any one of claims 1-14.

16. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery assembly as described in claim 15.

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