A high-yield pepper planting method

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield planting method for pepper, belonging to the technical field of pepper planting; the method comprises preparing a growth promoter, raising seedlings, planting and post-planting management; the preparation of the growth promoter comprises chitosan sulfonation, modified vermiculite and compounding; the modified vermiculite comprises placing the vermiculite in an ethanol solution, adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium alginate and dodecyldimethylamine oxide to stir, after stirring evenly, filtering, washing and drying, placing the vermiculite in a microwave device to carry out microwave treatment, after the microwave ends, obtaining dispersed expanded vermiculite; placing the dispersed expanded vermiculite in toluene, adding N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring evenly, raising the temperature to 72-77 DEG C, continuing stirring for 6.3-6.8h, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring ends, obtaining the modified vermiculite; the planting method of the invention has high pepper yield, good quality, low charcoal maggot disease incidence rate and low fruit drop rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield pepper planting method. Background Art

[0002] Chili, also known as sea pepper and spicy eggplant, is an important vegetable variety. It is an annual or limited perennial herb. The fruit is usually conical or oblong. The peel of chili is spicy because it contains capsaicin, which can increase appetite. The content of vitamin C in chili ranks first among vegetables.

[0003] Peppers are usually planted by scattering pepper seeds on a nursery bed for seedling treatment. After the seedlings grow to a certain size, they are transplanted to a planting base for planting. During the seedling process, the seed germination rate is usually low, the survival rate of the seedlings after transplanting is low, and the incidence rate is high, which in turn affects the yield of peppers. After transplanting, pepper plants have strict requirements for water. Too much water will cause flowers and fruits to fall off, while too little water will affect the growth of the plant and cause the fruit surface to wrinkle and bend, and the fruit to swell slowly, ultimately affecting the yield and quality of peppers.

[0004] Therefore, providing a high-yield pepper planting method has important research significance.

[0005] CN106416509A discloses a pepper planting method, which utilizes the water demand of peppers at different growth stages to realize watering of peppers, and effectively solves the problem of peppers falling over during maturity in the prior art. In addition, the peppers can also be fertilized by hollow elastic ropes, and fertilizers and water are simultaneously transmitted to the peppers through the hollow elastic ropes, and the fertilizers are integrated into the water, which is more conducive to the absorption of fertilizers by the peppers.

[0006] However, the yield of peppers grown using this method is still low.

[0007] CN110476739A discloses a method suitable for planting peppers in Hainan, including the steps of variety selection, seed soaking and germination, nutrient soil preparation, sowing and seedling raising, land preparation, planting, eco-friendly fertilization, water management, weeding and soil cultivation, pruning, disease and pest control, fruit harvesting, etc.; wherein the seed soaking and germination are to sterilize the pepper seeds naturally and then soak them in a trisodium phosphate solution; the nutrient soil is made of clean red soil, pig manure, burnt soil, corroded pepper branches and leaves and polyammonium zinc compound fertilizer; and fertilization adopts the package fertilization method, and the polyammonium zinc compound fertilizer is applied 5-6 days and 20-25 days after planting and when picking fruits.

[0008] The patented planting method can produce 4500-4510 kg of peppers with a VC content of 0.27-0.38 g / kg. Although the peppers grown by this method have increased yields, their quality is poor and their vitamin C content is low. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-yield pepper planting method, which increases the pepper yield and improves the pepper quality, ensuring that the vitamin C content of the pepper is at a high level.

[0010] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] A high-yield pepper planting method includes the steps of preparing a growth promoter, raising seedlings, planting, and post-planting management. The specific operations are as follows:

[0012] 1. Preparation of Growth Promoter

[0013] (1) Sulfonation of chitosan

[0014] Add chitosan and N, N-dimethylformamide to a reaction container, stir evenly, add a sulfonating agent, perform ultrasonic treatment, the ultrasonic time is 12-18 minutes, the ultrasonic power is 180-190W, the ultrasonic frequency is 52-57kHz, after the ultrasonic treatment, react for 3.3-3.8 hours, after the reaction, add sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 6.8-7.2 to obtain a reaction solution, add 3 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to precipitate, filter and wash, and dry at 58-63°C for 11-14 hours to obtain sulfonated chitosan;

[0015] The average molecular weight of the chitosan is 61700-62200;

[0016] The mass volume ratio of the chitosan, N,N-dimethylformamide and sulfonating agent is 2.3-2.7 g: 68-72 mL: 38-42 mL;

[0017] The preparation method of the sulfonating agent comprises: adding chlorosulfonic acid to N,N-dimethylformamide under ice bath conditions at a rate of 1.0-1.4 mL / min, stirring while adding, at a stirring speed of 190-212 rpm, and controlling the temperature to be 0° C. After the addition is completed, stirring is continued for 17-23 minutes, and the temperature is naturally raised to room temperature to obtain the sulfonating agent;

[0018] The volume ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide to chlorosulfonic acid is 27-33:9.5-10.5;

[0019] The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 18-22%;

[0020] (2) Modified vermiculite

[0021] The vermiculite is placed in a 33-37wt% ethanol solution, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium alginate and dodecyldimethylamine oxide are added and stirred at a stirring temperature of 48-52°C. After stirring evenly, the solution is filtered, washed and dried, and then placed in a microwave device for microwave treatment again. The microwave time is 1.0-1.4min and the microwave power is 637-658W. After the microwave ends, dispersed expanded vermiculite is obtained; the dispersed expanded vermiculite is placed in toluene, and then N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is added. After stirring evenly, the temperature is increased to 72-77°C, and stirring is continued for 6.3-6.8h. After the stirring ends, the solution is filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified vermiculite;

[0022] The vermiculite has a particle size of 240-260 nm and a mass content of silicon dioxide of 40.3-41.2%;

[0023] The mass ratio of the vermiculite, ethanol solution, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium alginate and dodecyldimethylamine oxide is 9.8-10.3:90-95:0.5-0.7:1.0-1.3:0.6-1.0;

[0024] The mass ratio of the dispersible expanded vermiculite, toluene and N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 9.0-9.5:96-104:0.9-1.2;

[0025] (3) Composite

[0026] Add sulfonated chitosan to deionized water, stir evenly, then add modified vermiculite, and perform ultrasonic dispersion, the ultrasonic time is 28-32 minutes, the ultrasonic power is 116-123W, the ultrasonic frequency is 32-37kHz, after the ultrasonic is finished, increase the temperature to 78-82°C, filter, wash and dry to obtain a growth promoter;

[0027] The mass ratio of the sulfonated chitosan, deionized water and modified vermiculite is 3.4-3.8:47-53:5.0-5.4.

[0028] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0029] The seedling medium is placed in a 72-hole seedling tray, and pepper seeds are cultured in the seedling medium. The moisture content of the seedling medium is 20-23%. One seed is sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of seedling medium with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm is spread. During the seedling raising process, the daytime temperature is controlled at 27-29° C. and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 18-21° C. to obtain pepper seedlings.

[0030] The seedling medium comprises corn stalks, growth promoter, earthworm castings, peat, humic acid, nutrient elements and carbendazim, and the mass ratio is 10-14:5.6-6.0:3.5-4.0:17-19:2.0-2.2:1.8-2.3:1.4-1.6;

[0031] The corn stalk has a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm and a length of 1.3-1.6 mm;

[0032] The nutrient elements are composed of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, urea and arginine, and the mass ratio is 0.4-0.6:0.6-1.0:0.7-0.9:2.7-3.2:0.11-0.16.

[0033] 3. Colonization

[0034] When the pepper seedlings grow to 14-16 cm, transplant the pepper seedlings, control the row spacing to 52-56 cm, and the plant spacing to 27-30 cm for planting the pepper seedlings. Water the pepper seedlings once after planting and on the third day after planting, and water each pepper seedling with 0.48-0.52 kg of water.

[0035] The planting water is composed of deionized water, growth promoter, naphthylacetic acid, calcium nitrate and salicylic acid, and the mass ratio is 1000:6.2-6.4:0.6-1.0:1.1-1.5:0.8-1.2.

[0036] 4. Management after planting

[0037] Fertilize at the beginning of flowering period, 4.8-5.2kg urea and 3.5-4.0kg superphosphate per mu; when pepper fruits begin to swell, 4.7-5.3kg urea and 18.2-19.0kg superphosphate per mu are applied, and 0.57-0.62kg fruit swelling agent is sprayed on the roots of each pepper plant;

[0038] The fruit swelling agent is composed of deionized water, potassium humate, magnesium sulfate, xanthan gum and methyl thiophanate, and the mass ratio is 1000:5.2-5.7:0.71-0.76:0.8-1.2:0.13-0.16.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The present invention adopts a specific method to prepare a growth promoter, firstly, sulfonating chitosan so that the surface of chitosan contains sulfonic acid groups, then treating vermiculite with a surfactant, and combining with microwave expansion, which increases the specific surface area of ​​vermiculite on the one hand, and enhances the dispersion performance of vermiculite on the other hand, and contains more hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and the like on the surface, and after reacting with an aminosilane coupling agent, the surface of vermiculite is firmly connected with amino groups, and the remaining sulfonated chitosan is compounded, so that a stable network structure is formed between chitosan and vermiculite, and the connection between the two is stable over time, and the obtained growth promoter contains active groups such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, and sulfonic acid groups, and has good affinity with water, which is beneficial to the growth of plants, and is used for In the steps of seedling raising and planting, the larger holes can absorb more water and nutrients, and can continuously provide sufficient water and supplementary nutrition for pepper plants, improve the stress resistance of plants, thereby improving the germination of pepper seeds and the survival rate of pepper seedlings, promoting the growth and development of pepper plants, and improving the quality of fruits; in the planting step, it effectively promotes the elongation and division of cells, stimulates the growth of the root system, enhances the absorption of water and nutrients by root hairs, promotes the growth of seedlings, enhances the disease resistance, and improves the survival rate of seedlings. In the fruiting period, it timely provides nutrients for pepper plants, improves the quality of fruits, increases yields, reduces the fruit drop rate, and improves the stability of fruit quality;

[0041] 2. Using the pepper planting method of the present invention, the germination rate is 98.8-99.6% 7 days after seedling cultivation, and the seedling survival rate is 99.1-100% 14 days after planting;

[0042] 3. The pepper planting method of the present invention has a yield of 3710-3724 kg / mu;

[0043] 4. Using the pepper planting method of the present invention, the anthracnose incidence rate is 1.2-1.5%, and the fruit drop rate is 1.7-2.0%;

[0044] 4. The pepper planting method of the present invention has a vitamin C content of 109.1-110.6 mg / 100 g. The harvested peppers are placed in an environment with a temperature of 32° C. and a humidity of 40% for 6 days, and the vitamin C content is measured again to be 102.9-105.8 mg / 100 g. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to more clearly understand the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] 1. Preparation of Growth Promoter

[0048] (1) Sulfonation of chitosan

[0049] Add 2.5 g of chitosan and 70 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide to a reaction container, stir evenly, add 40 mL of a sulfonating agent, and perform ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time is 15 min, the ultrasonic power is 185 W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 55 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, react for 3.5 h. After the reaction, add a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7.0 to obtain a reaction solution. Add 3 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to precipitate the reaction solution. After filtering and washing, dry at 60° C. for 12 h to obtain sulfonated chitosan.

[0050] The average molecular weight of the chitosan is 62000;

[0051] The preparation method of the sulfonating agent is as follows: under ice bath conditions, 10 mL of chlorosulfonic acid is added to 30 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide at a rate of 1.2 mL / min, stirring is performed while adding, the stirring speed is 200 rpm, and the temperature is controlled at 0° C. After the addition is completed, stirring is continued for 20 minutes, and the temperature is naturally raised to room temperature to obtain the sulfonating agent;

[0052] The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20%;

[0053] (2) Modified vermiculite

[0054] 10.0g of vermiculite was placed in 92g of 35wt% ethanol solution, 0.6g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 1.1g of sodium alginate and 0.8g of dodecyldimethylamine oxide were added and stirred at a stirring temperature of 50°C. After stirring evenly, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried, and then placed in a microwave device for microwave treatment again. The microwave time was 1.2min and the microwave power was 650W. After the microwave treatment, dispersed expanded vermiculite was obtained. 9.2g of dispersed expanded vermiculite was placed in 100g of toluene, and then 1.0g of N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added. After stirring evenly, the temperature was raised to 75°C and the stirring was continued for 6.5h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified vermiculite.

[0055] The vermiculite has a particle size of 250 nm and a mass content of silicon dioxide of 40.6%;

[0056] (3) Composite

[0057] Add 3.6g of sulfonated chitosan to 50g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 5.2g of modified vermiculite and perform ultrasonic dispersion. The ultrasonic time is 30min, the ultrasonic power is 120W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 35kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, increase the temperature to 80°C, filter, wash, and dry to obtain a growth promoter.

[0058] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0059] The seedling medium is placed in a 72-hole seedling tray, and pepper seeds are cultured in the seedling medium. The moisture content of the seedling medium is 22%. One seed is sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of seedling medium with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm is spread. During the seedling raising process, the daytime temperature is controlled at 28° C. and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 20° C. to obtain pepper seedlings.

[0060] The seedling medium includes corn stalks, growth promoter, earthworm castings, peat, humic acid, nutrient elements and carbendazim, and the mass ratio is 12:5.8:3.7:18:2.1:2.0:1.5;

[0061] The corn stalk has a diameter of 0.2 mm and a length of 1.5 mm;

[0062] The nutrient elements are composed of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, urea and arginine, and the mass ratio is 0.5:0.8:0.8:3.0:0.14.

[0063] 3. Colonization

[0064] When the pepper seedlings grow to 14-16 cm, transplant the pepper seedlings, control the row spacing to 52-56 cm, and the plant spacing to 27-30 cm for planting the pepper seedlings. Water the pepper seedlings once after planting and on the third day after planting, and water each pepper seedling with 0.50 kg of water.

[0065] The planting water is composed of deionized water, growth promoter, naphthylacetic acid, calcium nitrate and salicylic acid, and the mass ratio is 1000:6.3:0.8:1.3:1.0.

[0066] 4. Management after planting

[0067] Fertilize at the beginning of flowering period, apply 5.0kg urea and 3.7kg superphosphate per mu; when pepper fruits begin to swell, apply 5.0kg urea and 18.6kg superphosphate per mu, and spray 0.60kg fruit swelling agent on the root of each pepper plant;

[0068] The fruit swelling agent is composed of deionized water, potassium humate, magnesium sulfate, xanthan gum and methyl thiophanate, and the mass ratio is 1000:5.4:0.74:1.0:0.14.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] 1. Preparation of Growth Promoter

[0071] (1) Sulfonation of chitosan

[0072] Add 2.3 g of chitosan and 68 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide to a reaction container, stir evenly, add 38 mL of a sulfonating agent, and perform ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time is 12 min, the ultrasonic power is 180 W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 52 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, react for 3.3 h. After the reaction, add a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 6.8 to obtain a reaction solution. Add 3 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to precipitate the reaction solution. After filtering and washing, dry at 58 ° C for 14 h to obtain sulfonated chitosan.

[0073] The average molecular weight of the chitosan is 61700;

[0074] The preparation method of the sulfonating agent is as follows: under ice bath conditions, 9.5 mL of chlorosulfonic acid is added to 27 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide at a rate of 1.0 mL / min, stirring is performed while adding, the stirring speed is 190 rpm, and the temperature is controlled at 0° C. After the addition is completed, stirring is continued for 17 minutes, and the temperature is naturally raised to room temperature to obtain the sulfonating agent;

[0075] The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 18%;

[0076] (2) Modified vermiculite

[0077] 9.8 g of vermiculite was placed in 90 g of 33 wt% ethanol solution, 0.5 g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 1.0 g of sodium alginate and 0.6 g of dodecyldimethylamine oxide were added and stirred at a stirring temperature of 48 ° C. After stirring evenly, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried, and placed in a microwave device again for microwave treatment, the microwave time was 1.0 min, the microwave power was 637 W, and after the microwave was finished, dispersed expanded vermiculite was obtained; 9.0 g of dispersed expanded vermiculite was placed in 96 g of toluene, and then 0.9 g of N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and after stirring evenly, the temperature was raised to 72 ° C. The stirring was continued for 6.3 h. After the stirring was finished, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified vermiculite;

[0078] The vermiculite has a particle size of 240 nm and a mass content of silicon dioxide of 40.3%;

[0079] (3) Composite

[0080] Add 3.4g of sulfonated chitosan to 47g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 5.0g of modified vermiculite and perform ultrasonic dispersion. The ultrasonic time is 28min, the ultrasonic power is 116W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 32kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, increase the temperature to 78°C, filter, wash, and dry to obtain a growth promoter.

[0081] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0082] The seedling medium is placed in a 72-hole seedling tray, and pepper seeds are cultured in the seedling medium. The moisture content of the seedling medium is 20%, and one seed is sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of seedling medium with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm is spread. During the seedling raising process, the daytime temperature is controlled at 27° C. and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 18° C. to obtain pepper seedlings;

[0083] The seedling medium includes corn straw, growth promoter, earthworm castings, peat, humic acid, nutrient elements and carbendazim, with a mass ratio of 10:5.6:3.5:17:2.0:1.8:1.4;

[0084] The corn stalk has a diameter of 0.1 mm and a length of 1.3 mm;

[0085] The nutrient elements are composed of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, urea and arginine, and the mass ratio is 0.4:0.6:0.7:2.7:0.11.

[0086] 3. Colonization

[0087] When the pepper seedlings grow to 14-16 cm, transplant the pepper seedlings, control the row spacing to 52-56 cm, and the plant spacing to 27-30 cm for planting the pepper seedlings. Water them once after planting and on the third day after planting, and water each pepper seedling with 0.48 kg of water.

[0088] The planting water is composed of deionized water, growth promoter, naphthylacetic acid, calcium nitrate and salicylic acid, and the mass ratio is 1000:6.2:0.6:1.1:0.8.

[0089] 4. Management after planting

[0090] Fertilize at the beginning of flowering period, 4.8kg urea and 3.5kg superphosphate per mu; when pepper fruits begin to swell, 4.7kg urea and 18.2kg superphosphate per mu are applied, and 0.57kg fruit swelling agent is sprayed on the roots of each pepper plant;

[0091] The fruit swelling agent is composed of deionized water, potassium humate, magnesium sulfate, xanthan gum and methyl thiophanate, and the mass ratio is 1000:5.2:0.71:0.8:0.13.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] 1. Preparation of Growth Promoter

[0094] (1) Sulfonation of chitosan

[0095] Add 2.7 g of chitosan and 72 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide to a reaction container, stir evenly, add 42 mL of a sulfonating agent, and perform ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic time is 18 min, the ultrasonic power is 190 W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 57 kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, react for 3.8 h. After the reaction, add a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7.2 to obtain a reaction solution. Add 3 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to precipitate the reaction solution. After filtering and washing, dry at 63 ° C for 11 h to obtain sulfonated chitosan.

[0096] The average molecular weight of the chitosan is 62200;

[0097] The preparation method of the sulfonating agent is as follows: under ice bath conditions, 10.5 mL of chlorosulfonic acid is added to 33 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide at a rate of 1.4 mL / min, stirring is performed while adding, the stirring speed is 212 rpm, and the temperature is controlled at 0° C. After the addition is completed, stirring is continued for 23 minutes, and the temperature is naturally raised to room temperature to obtain the sulfonating agent;

[0098] The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 22%;

[0099] (2) Modified vermiculite

[0100] 10.3 g of vermiculite was placed in 95 g of 37 wt% ethanol solution, 0.7 g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 1.3 g of sodium alginate and 1.0 g of dodecyldimethylamine oxide were added and stirred at a stirring temperature of 52 ° C. After stirring evenly, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried, and then placed in a microwave device for microwave treatment again. The microwave time was 1.4 min and the microwave power was 658 W. After the microwave was finished, dispersed expanded vermiculite was obtained; 9.5 g of dispersed expanded vermiculite was placed in 104 g of toluene, and then 1.2 g of N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added. After stirring evenly, the temperature was raised to 77 ° C. The mixture was stirred for 6.8 h. After the stirring was finished, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified vermiculite;

[0101] The vermiculite has a particle size of 260 nm and a mass content of silicon dioxide of 41.2%;

[0102] (3) Composite

[0103] Add 3.8g of sulfonated chitosan to 53g of deionized water, stir evenly, then add 5.4g of modified vermiculite and perform ultrasonic dispersion. The ultrasonic time is 32min, the ultrasonic power is 123W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 37kHz. After the ultrasonic treatment, increase the temperature to 82°C, filter, wash, and dry to obtain a growth promoter.

[0104] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0105] The seedling medium is placed in a 72-hole seedling tray, and pepper seeds are cultured in the seedling medium. The moisture content of the seedling medium is 23%, and one seed is sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of seedling medium with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm is spread. During the seedling raising process, the daytime temperature is controlled at 29° C. and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 21° C. to obtain pepper seedlings;

[0106] The seedling medium includes corn stalks, growth promoter, earthworm castings, peat, humic acid, nutrient elements and carbendazim, with a mass ratio of 14:6.0:4.0:19:2.2:2.3:1.6;

[0107] The corn stalk has a diameter of 0.3 mm and a length of 1.6 mm;

[0108] The nutrient elements are composed of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, urea and arginine, and the mass ratio is 0.6:1.0:0.9:3.2:0.16.

[0109] 3. Colonization

[0110] When the pepper seedlings grow to 14-16 cm, transplant the pepper seedlings, control the row spacing to 52-56 cm, and the plant spacing to 27-30 cm for planting the pepper seedlings. Water the pepper seedlings once after planting and on the third day after planting, and water each pepper seedling with 0.52 kg of water.

[0111] The planting water is composed of deionized water, growth promoter, naphthylacetic acid, calcium nitrate and salicylic acid, and the mass ratio is 1000:6.4:1.0:1.5:1.2.

[0112] 4. Management after planting

[0113] Fertilize at the beginning of flowering period, apply 5.2kg urea and 4.0kg superphosphate per mu; when pepper fruits begin to swell, apply 5.3kg urea and 19.0kg superphosphate per mu, and spray 0.62kg fruit swelling agent on the root of each pepper plant;

[0114] The fruit swelling agent is composed of deionized water, potassium humate, magnesium sulfate, xanthan gum and methyl thiophanate, and the mass ratio is 1000:5.7:0.76:1.2:0.16.

[0115] Comparative Example 1

[0116] Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows:

[0117] In the step of preparing the growth promoting agent, the steps of sulfonating chitosan and modifying vermiculite are omitted;

[0118] In the compounding step, an equal amount of sulfonated chitosan is replaced by chitosan without any treatment, and an equal amount of modified vermiculite is replaced by vermiculite without any treatment; the average molecular weight of the chitosan is 62000; the particle size of the vermiculite is 250nm, and the mass content of silicon dioxide is 40.6%;

[0119] The rest of the operations are the same.

[0120] Comparative Example 2

[0121] Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows:

[0122] (1) In the planting step, replace the naphthylacetic acid, calcium nitrate, and salicylic acid components with deionized water in equal amounts;

[0123] (2) In the post-planting management step, replace the fruit swelling agent with deionized water in equal amounts;

[0124] The rest of the operations are the same.

[0125] Performance Testing

[0126] A test plot of land was selected in Shouguang City, Weifang City, Shandong Province, with a total area of ​​10 mu, which was evenly divided into 5 plots, each with 2 mu, numbered 1-5, and then peppers were planted using the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2, respectively. The pepper variety was Ji Yan No. 6, and the corresponding management was as follows:

[0127]

[0128] The rest are managed according to general planting practices;

[0129] The germination rate was counted 7 days after seedling raising, and the survival rate of seedlings was counted 14 days after planting. The anthracnose incidence and fruit drop rate of pepper plants during the growth cycle were counted. After the peppers were harvested, the pepper yield and the vitamin C content of pepper fruits were counted. The statistical results are as follows:

[0130]

[0131] The harvested peppers were placed in an environment with a temperature of 32°C and a humidity of 40% for 6 days, and the vitamin C content was tested again. The results are as follows:

[0132]

[0133] The invention adopts a specific method to prepare a growth promoter, wherein chitosan is first sulfonated so that the surface of chitosan contains sulfonic acid groups, and then vermiculite is treated with a surfactant and combined with microwave expansion, which increases the specific surface area of ​​the vermiculite on the one hand and enhances the dispersion performance of the vermiculite on the other hand, and the surface of the vermiculite contains more hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and the like, and after the reaction of the aminosilane coupling agent, the surface of the vermiculite is firmly connected with the amino groups, and the remaining sulfonated chitosan is compounded, so that a stable network structure is formed between the chitosan and the vermiculite, and the connection between the two is stable for a long time, and the prepared growth promoter contains active groups such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, and sulfonic acid groups, has good affinity with water, is beneficial to the growth of plants, and is used for breeding. In the steps of seedling, planting, etc., the larger holes can absorb more water and nutrients, and can continuously provide sufficient water and supplementary nutrients for the pepper plants, improve the stress resistance of the plants, thereby improving the germination of pepper seeds and the survival rate of pepper seedlings, promoting the growth and development of pepper plants, and improving the fruit quality; in the planting step, it effectively promotes the elongation and division of cells, stimulates the growth of the root system, enhances the absorption of water and nutrients by the root hairs, promotes the growth of seedlings, enhances the disease resistance, and improves the survival rate of seedlings. In the fruiting period, it provides nutrients to the pepper plants in a timely manner, improves the quality of the fruit, increases the yield, reduces the fruit drop rate, and improves the stability of the fruit quality.

[0134] In the step of preparing the growth promoter in Comparative Example 1, chitosan and vermiculite without any treatment are ultrasonically dispersed. The vermiculite has a small specific surface area and poor dispersibility. Its binding force with chitosan is poor, and its adsorption of nutrients and water is poor. It cannot provide water and supplement nutrients for the plants continuously, thereby weakening the growth and development performance of the plants and reducing their disease resistance, ultimately affecting the yield of peppers and the quality of the fruits, and the quality stability of the fruits is poor.

[0135] In the planting step of Comparative Example 2, the naphthylacetic acid, calcium nitrate and salicylic acid components in the planting water were omitted, and the fruit swelling agent was replaced with deionized water in equal amounts. The nutrients were omitted in Comparative Example 2, which affected the development and growth of the plants, resulting in a decrease in yield and fruit quality, and a high incidence of diseases and pests and a high fruit drop rate. However, in the planting step of Comparative Example 2, a growth promoter was added, which could continuously provide water to the plants, and the final pepper yield and pepper fruit quality were better than those in Comparative Example 1.

[0136] Unless otherwise specified, all ratios and percentages described in the present invention are by mass ratios and percentages are by mass percentages.

[0137] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield pepper planting method, characterized in that: It includes the steps of preparing growth promoter, raising seedlings, planting and post-planting management; The preparation of the growth-promoting agent comprises the steps of sulfonating chitosan, modifying vermiculite and compounding; The chitosan sulfonation step comprises: adding chitosan and N,N-dimethylformamide into a reaction container, stirring evenly, adding a sulfonating agent, performing ultrasonic treatment, and reacting after the ultrasonic treatment for 3.3-3.8 hours. After the reaction, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 6.8-7.2 to obtain a reaction solution, adding 3 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to precipitate, filtering and washing, and drying at 58-63° C. for 11-14 hours to obtain sulfonated chitosan; The preparation method of the sulfonating agent comprises: adding chlorosulfonic acid to N,N-dimethylformamide under ice bath conditions at a rate of 1.0-1.4 mL / min, stirring while adding, at a stirring speed of 190-212 rpm, and controlling the temperature to be 0° C. After the addition is completed, stirring is continued for 17-23 minutes, and the temperature is naturally raised to room temperature to obtain the sulfonating agent; The modified vermiculite step comprises: placing the vermiculite in a 33-37wt% ethanol solution, adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium alginate and dodecyldimethylamine oxide, stirring at a temperature of 48-52°C, stirring evenly, filtering, washing and drying, placing the solution in a microwave device again for microwave treatment, and obtaining dispersed expanded vermiculite after the microwave treatment ends; placing the dispersed expanded vermiculite in toluene, and then adding N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring evenly, raising the temperature to 72-77°C, continuing stirring for 6.3-6.8h, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring ends, and obtaining modified vermiculite; The compounding step comprises adding sulfonated chitosan to deionized water, stirring evenly, adding modified vermiculite, performing ultrasonic dispersion, raising the temperature to 78-82° C. after the ultrasonic dispersion ends, filtering, washing, drying, and obtaining a growth promoter; The planting step comprises watering once after planting and once on the third day after planting, with each pepper seedling being watered with 0.48-0.52 kg of water; the planting water is composed of deionized water, a growth promoter, naphthylacetic acid, calcium nitrate, and salicylic acid; The post-planting management step is to spray 0.57-0.62 kg of a fruit swelling agent on the root of each pepper plant when the pepper fruits begin to swell; the fruit swelling agent is composed of deionized water, potassium humate, magnesium sulfate, xanthan gum, and methyl thiophanate.

2. A high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the chitosan sulfonation step, the ultrasonic treatment has an ultrasonic time of 12-18 min, an ultrasonic power of 180-190 W, and an ultrasonic frequency of 52-57 kHz; The average molecular weight of the chitosan is 61700-62200; The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 18-22%.

3. A high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the chitosan sulfonation step, the mass volume ratio of the chitosan, N,N-dimethylformamide, and sulfonating agent is 2.3-2.7 g: 68-72 mL: 38-42 mL; In the sulfonating agent, the volume ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide to chlorosulfonic acid is 27-33:9.5-10.

5.

4. A high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the modified vermiculite step, the microwave treatment has a microwave time of 1.0-1.4 min and a microwave power of 637-658 W; The vermiculite has a particle size of 240-260 nm and a mass content of silicon dioxide of 40.3-41.2%.

5. A high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the modified vermiculite step, the mass ratio of the vermiculite, ethanol solution, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium alginate and dodecyldimethylamine oxide is 9.8-10.3:90-95:0.5-0.7:1.0-1.3:0.6-1.0; The mass ratio of the dispersible expanded vermiculite, toluene and N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 9.0-9.5:96-104:0.9-1.

2.

6. A high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the compounding step, the ultrasonic dispersion is carried out with an ultrasonic time of 28-32 min, an ultrasonic power of 116-123 W, and an ultrasonic frequency of 32-37 kHz; The mass ratio of the sulfonated chitosan, deionized water and modified vermiculite is 3.4-3.8:47-53:5.0-5.

4.

7. A high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling raising step comprises: placing a seedling raising matrix into a 72-hole seedling raising tray, culturing pepper seeds in the seedling raising matrix, wherein the moisture content of the seedling raising matrix is ​​20-23%, sowing one seed in each hole, and after sowing, spreading a layer of the seedling raising matrix with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm. During the seedling raising process, the daytime temperature is controlled to be 27-29° C., and the nighttime temperature is controlled to be 18-21° C., so as to obtain pepper seedlings.

8. A high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The seedling medium comprises corn stalks, growth promoter, earthworm castings, peat, humic acid, nutrient elements and carbendazim, and the mass ratio is 10-14:5.6-6.0:3.5-4.0:17-19:2.0-2.2:1.8-2.3:1.4-1.6; The corn stalk has a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm and a length of 1.3-1.6 mm; The nutrient elements are composed of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, urea and arginine, and the mass ratio is 0.4-0.6:0.6-1.0:0.7-0.9:2.7-3.2:0.11-0.

16.

9. A high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting step comprises transplanting the pepper seedlings when the pepper seedlings grow to 14-16 cm, controlling the row spacing to 52-56 cm and the plant spacing to 27-30 cm for planting the pepper seedlings, and watering the pepper seedlings once after planting and on the third day after planting, with 0.48-0.52 kg of water being poured on each pepper seedling; In the planting water, the mass ratio of deionized water, growth promoter, naphthylacetic acid, calcium nitrate and salicylic acid is 1000:6.2-6.4:0.6-1.0:1.1-1.5:0.8-1.

2.

10. The high-yield pepper planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-planting management steps are: fertilizing in the early flowering period, applying 4.8-5.2 kg of urea and 3.5-4.0 kg of superphosphate per mu; when the pepper fruits begin to swell, applying 4.7-5.3 kg of urea and 18.2-19.0 kg of superphosphate per mu, and spraying 0.57-0.62 kg of fruit swelling agent on the roots of each pepper plant; In the fruit swelling agent, the mass ratio of deionized water, potassium humate, magnesium sulfate, xanthan gum and methyl thiophanate is 1000:5.2-5.7:0.71-0.76:0.8-1.2:0.13-0.16.

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