Plasma generator and method for in-situ conversion of carbon-based energy layers

Abstract

A plasma generator and method for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, in which a liquid medium in the cavity of an evaporation device undergoes a phase change and is converted into a gaseous medium, and the gaseous medium escapes into a superheating device through a channel of the evaporation device, and the gaseous medium escaped from the channel of the evaporation device is heated to become a superheated gaseous medium; an arc-starting electromagnetic control device is connected to the other end of the cathode rod to extend and retract the cathode rod, and the coolant after heat exchange circulates out to the cathode coolant return port, and then enters the evaporation device as a working medium input, and an anode coolant atomization device is connected to the space on the other side of the annulus to atomize the coolant into droplets, and the droplets are sprayed onto a high-temperature and high-activity plasma to be heated and excited to be converted into high-temperature and high-activity particles. The plasma generator has stable arc starting, segmented temperature control, and accurately controls the flow and temperature of liquid water evaporation and heating, and avoids cooling water from circulating to the ground.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal bed gasification, and in particular to a plasma generator and method for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer. Background Art

[0002] Recently, a new technology has been proposed for using plasma gasification technology with high-energy density and highly reactive particles. This technology simultaneously provides a heat source and a highly reactive gasifying agent for the coalbed gasification reaction, efficiently converting highly reactive water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases into high-quality hydrogen and carbon monoxide resources through reactions with the coalbed. Because the coalbed gasification reaction relies on plasma heat radiation and the reduction reaction of highly reactive particles, the reaction is simplified and easy to start and stop. The plasma generator is electrically controlled, significantly improving control over the gasification surface and making the coalbed gasification process more precise and controllable. However, in-situ conversion of carbon-based energy layers requires long-distance transportation of gasifying agents, coolants, and power supplies from the surface to the target layer. This is particularly true for deep-lying carbon-based energy sources, requiring extremely long-distance transportation. The main problems caused by long-distance transportation include high-temperature gasifying agents, such as superheated steam, which are cooled and liquefied, resulting in the inability to start the plasma generator; in order to overcome the hydrostatic pressure during the long-distance vertical circulation of the coolant, the return coolant pressure is extremely high, which has a great impact on the plasma generator structure, resulting in extremely high mechanical strength requirements for the plasma generator structure and a high failure and damage rate; the high-voltage arc starting process is affected by the long-distance power transmission, resulting in a large amount of voltage and current attenuation and cable heating problems, which lead to plasma generator startup failure.

[0003] Published invention patent CN117165332A proposes a water vapor plasma generator that integrates a heating rod with a plasma system, injecting liquid water and then evaporating it to generate plasma, thus avoiding the problem of long-distance transportation of superheated steam. However, this patent solution fails to address the precise temperature control of the plasma generator's heating section to ensure stable water vapor generation and heating. Furthermore, it still requires coolant circulation and high-voltage arc ignition, resulting in a high plasma generator failure rate and difficulty in ensuring stable conversion and operation of the carbon-based energy layer.

[0004] In the application scenario of using highly active particles to carry out in-situ directional conversion of deep carbon-based energy, low-grade carbon-based energy, and difficult-to-mine carbon-based energy, the problem of stable operation of plasma generators due to long-distance transportation is faced. There is an urgent need for a plasma generator suitable for the development and utilization of carbonaceous energy layers to efficiently and stably convert underground carbon-based energy into the oil and gas products that my country urgently needs.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plasma generator and method for in-situ conversion of carbon-based energy layers. Through segmented temperature control, the flow rate and temperature of evaporation and heating of reaction media such as liquid water are precisely controlled; the coolant does not flow back to the ground, and is converted in situ into a high-temperature and highly active reaction medium; arc ignition is electromagnetically controlled on site, and arc ignition is stable, reliable, and has low loss. The system solves the problems faced by the in-situ directional conversion of carbon-based energy using highly active particles underground, such as the cooling of high-temperature gasification agents caused by long-distance transportation, the high pressure of the reflux coolant, and the loss of high-voltage arc ignition power supply, which lead to the instability of the plasma generator. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to the present invention comprises:

[0008] An injection and drive device extends in the carbon-based energy layer to supply power, working medium, coolant, and drive the plasma generator to move freely in the carbon-based energy layer. The injection and drive device is a tubular structure covering the anode cable, cathode cable, reaction medium injection pipe, heating system positive cable, heating system negative cable, anode coolant injection pipe, and cathode coolant injection pipe.

[0009] a plasma generator body connected to the injection and driving device via a connector and movable in the carbon-based energy layer;

[0010] The evaporation device is arranged in the left side of the plasma generator body, and the evaporation device includes:

[0011] The evaporation device cavity is arranged in the plasma generator body.

[0012] The evaporation device baffle is located on the right side of the evaporation device cavity. Space is reserved on the upper part of the evaporation device baffle as the evaporation device channel.

[0013] The heating system liquid injection port is located at the bottom of the plasma generator body to inject the liquid medium into the evaporation device cavity.

[0014] The evaporation segmented heating wires are arranged in upper and lower layers in the evaporation device cavity. The evaporation segmented heating wires are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the heating system through the evaporation device wires to convert electrical energy into thermal energy, causing the liquid medium in the evaporation device cavity to undergo a phase change and be converted into a gaseous medium. The gaseous medium escapes into the superheating device through the evaporation device channel;

[0015] An overheating device is provided in the plasma generator body and adjacent to the evaporation device, the overheating device comprising:

[0016] A superheater chamber is provided in the plasma generator body and adjacent to the evaporation device baffle.

[0017] The superheater baffle is located on the right side of the superheater cavity. A space is reserved in the lower middle part of the superheater baffle as a superheater channel.

[0018] The superheating segmented heating wires are arranged in layers on the left and right sides of the superheating device cavity. The superheating segmented heating wires are connected in series with the evaporation device wires via the superheating device wires to connect the positive electrode of the heating system and the negative electrode of the heating system to convert electrical energy into thermal energy, thereby heating the gaseous medium escaping from the evaporation device channel into superheated gaseous medium.

[0019] The cyclone ring is arranged in the plasma generator body and is located on the right side of the overheating device baffle. The cyclone ring includes:

[0020] The cyclone ring inlet is connected to the superheating device channel,

[0021] A cyclone channel, one end of which is connected to the cyclone ring inlet and the other end is connected to the cyclone ring outlet so as to cut the superheated gaseous medium into the space between the cathode head and the anode head at a predetermined angle;

[0022] The cathode system is arranged in the plasma generator body, and the cathode system includes:

[0023] The cathode head is a hollow metal part.

[0024] The cathode rod is a hollow tube that conducts electricity and cools the cathode head. One end of the cathode rod is threadedly connected to the cathode head.

[0025] The arc-starting electromagnetic control device is connected to the other end of the cathode rod to enable the cathode rod to extend and retract. When the arc-starting electromagnetic control device is started, the cathode rod extends so that the cathode head contacts the anode head to form a short circuit. After a predetermined time, the cathode rod retracts to complete the arc-starting operation. The arc-starting electromagnetic control device includes a cathode terminal.

[0026] The cathode coolant injection pipe passes through the cathode rod and penetrates into the cathode head so that the cathode head is filled with coolant to reduce the temperature. The cathode coolant injection pipe is provided with a cathode coolant injection port for injecting coolant.

[0027] The cathode coolant return port is located on the left side of the plasma generator body and is connected to the evaporation device, so that the coolant after heat exchange circulates out to the cathode coolant return port and then enters the evaporation device as the working medium.

[0028] The insulating tube is a ring tube structure sleeved on the outside of the cathode rod;

[0029] The anode system is arranged in the plasma generator body, and the anode system includes:

[0030] The anode head is connected to the right end of the plasma generator body through threads or bolts, and an annulus is set outside the anode head.

[0031] The coolant baffle, which separates the annulus into two spaces,

[0032] The anode terminal is electrically connected to the anode head, and discharge between the anode head and the cathode head ionizes the superheated gaseous medium to generate high-temperature and highly active plasma.

[0033] The anode coolant injection pipe is connected to the space on one side of the annulus close to the anode head to introduce coolant into the annulus to cool the anode head, and then flows out to the space on the other side of the coolant baffle away from the anode head. The anode coolant injection pipe is provided with an anode coolant injection port for injecting coolant.

[0034] The anode coolant atomizing device is connected to the space on the other side of the annulus to atomize the coolant into liquid droplets. The liquid droplets are sprayed toward the high-temperature and high-activity plasma to be heated and excited to be converted into high-temperature and high-activity particles.

[0035] In the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the positive cable of the heating system is connected to the positive electrode of the heating system, the negative cable of the heating system is connected to the negative electrode of the heating system, the reaction medium injection pipe is connected to the liquid injection port of the heating system, the anode cable is connected to the anode terminal, and the cathode cable is connected to the cathode terminal.

[0036] In the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the plasma generator body has a diameter of 5-10 cm and a length of 60-200 cm, the evaporation device channel height is set to 0.5-3 cm, and the superheating device channel height is set to 0.5-2 cm.

[0037] In the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the superheating device heats the gaseous medium escaping from the evaporation device channel through electrothermal conversion to reach a superheated gaseous medium at 300-500°C.

[0038] In the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the predetermined duration is 1-3 seconds, and the cathode rod retracts to complete the arcing operation.

[0039] In the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, an outlet angle of 60-85° is set at one end of the anode coolant atomization device.

[0040] In the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the swirl angle of the swirl channel is 30-85° and the depth is 0.5-3 cm.

[0041] In the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, multiple cyclone outlets are evenly distributed up and down with the cathode rod as the symmetry axis, and the opening diameter is 0.2-1 cm.

[0042] In the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the connector is a hollow structure, with internal threads provided at both ends, and the diameters of both ends are adapted to the size of the injection and drive devices and the size of the plasma generator body.

[0043] The method of generating a plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer includes:

[0044] On the ground, pass the interfaces of the anode cable, cathode cable, reaction medium injection pipe, heating system positive cable, heating system negative cable, anode coolant injection pipe, and cathode coolant injection pipe through the connector, connect the connector to the injection and drive device with threads, connect the anode cable, cathode cable, reaction medium injection pipe, heating system positive cable, heating system negative cable, anode coolant injection pipe, and cathode coolant injection pipe to the plasma generator respectively, and then connect the other end of the connector to the plasma generator with threads;

[0045] The plasma generator is lowered into the well by a surface drive device and gradually moved to the target area of ​​the carbonaceous energy layer. The reaction medium is injected through the surface injection device and the evaporation device and the overheating device are started at the same time. The load of the evaporation device and the overheating device is gradually increased to make the reaction medium reach the specified flow rate and temperature. After the cathode coolant and the anode coolant are injected through the surface injection device, the plasma generator power is turned on, the arc starting electromagnetic control device is started to start the arc, and the reaction medium flow rate and the plasma generator power are gradually increased to 60%-100% load. Discharge is carried out between the anode head and the cathode head to ionize the superheated gaseous medium to generate high-temperature and high-activity plasma. The anode coolant atomization device atomizes the coolant into droplets. The droplets are sprayed into the high-temperature and high-activity plasma, heated and excited to be converted into high-temperature and high-activity particles.

[0046] The plasma generator is controlled by the ground drive equipment to retreat a certain distance to continue the carbon-based energy conversion reaction, and this cycle is repeated until the covered carbon-based energy layer is completely consumed. The power of the plasma generator is turned off, the cathode and anode coolant injection is maintained, the reaction medium injection is stopped, and the reaction medium is switched to inert gas through the ground injection equipment. The reaction area is purged, the cathode and anode coolant and inert gas injection are stopped, and the furnace is closed or the emergency shutdown is completed.

[0047] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides a plasma generator and method for in-situ conversion of carbon-based energy layers, which has the following beneficial effects: through segmented temperature control, the flow rate and temperature of evaporation and heating of reaction media such as liquid water are precisely controlled; the coolant does not flow back to the ground, and is converted in situ into a high-temperature and high-activity reaction medium; arc ignition is electromagnetically controlled on site, and the arc ignition is stable, reliable and has low loss. The system solves the problems faced by the in-situ directional conversion of carbon-based energy using highly active particles underground, such as the cooling of high-temperature gasification agents caused by long-distance transportation, high pressure of reflux coolant, and loss of high-voltage arc ignition power supply, which lead to the instability of the plasma generator to operate. The application of this invention patent can efficiently convert deep carbon-based energy, low-grade carbon-based energy, and difficult-to-mine carbon-based energy into clean, high-calorific value oil, gas, or high-grade heat products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection of a plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic cross-section of AA. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0057] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; they may refer to direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they may refer to internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0058] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0059] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] See also Figure 1-3 As shown, in one embodiment, a plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer of the present invention comprises:

[0061] An injection and drive device 33 extends in the carbon-based energy layer to supply power, working medium, coolant, and drive the plasma generator to move freely in the carbon-based energy layer. The injection and drive device 33 is a tubular structure that covers an anode cable 35, a cathode cable 36, a reaction medium injection pipe 37, a heating system positive cable 38, a heating system negative cable 39, an anode coolant injection pipe 25, and a cathode coolant injection pipe 20.

[0062] A plasma generator body 1 , which is connected to the injection and drive device 33 via a connection 34 and is movable in the carbon-based energy layer;

[0063] The evaporation device 2 is arranged in the left side of the plasma generator body 1. The evaporation device 2 includes:

[0064] The evaporation device 2 cavity is arranged in the plasma generator body 1.

[0065] The evaporation device baffle 11 is located on the right side of the evaporation device 2 cavity. A space is reserved on the upper part of the evaporation device baffle 11 as the evaporation device channel 12.

[0066] The heating system liquid injection port 10 is located at the bottom of the plasma generator body 1 to inject the liquid medium into the cavity of the evaporation device 2.

[0067] The evaporation segmented heating wires are arranged in upper and lower layers in the cavity of the evaporation device 2. The evaporation segmented heating wires are connected to the heating system positive electrode 8 and the heating system negative electrode 7 via the evaporation device wires 9 to convert electrical energy into thermal energy, causing the liquid medium in the cavity of the evaporation device 2 to undergo a phase change and be converted into a gaseous medium. The gaseous medium escapes into the superheating device 3 through the evaporation device channel 12;

[0068] The overheating device 3 is provided in the plasma generator body 1 and adjacent to the evaporation device 2. The overheating device 3 includes:

[0069] The superheating device 3 cavity is arranged in the plasma generator body 1 and adjacent to the evaporation device baffle 11.

[0070] The superheater baffle 13 is located on the right side of the superheater 3 cavity. A space is reserved in the lower part of the superheater baffle 13 as a superheater channel 14.

[0071] The superheating segmented heating wires are arranged in layers on the left and right sides of the superheating device 3 cavity. The superheating segmented heating wires are connected in series with the evaporation device wires 9 via the superheating device wires 15 to connect the heating system positive electrode 8 and the heating system negative electrode 7 to convert electrical energy into thermal energy, heating the gaseous medium escaping from the evaporation device channel 12 into superheated gaseous medium;

[0072] The cyclone ring 6 is provided in the plasma generator body 1 and is located on the right side of the overheating device baffle 13. The cyclone ring 6 includes:

[0073] The inlet of the cyclone ring 6 is connected to the superheating device channel 14,

[0074] A cyclone channel 31, one end of which is connected to the inlet of the cyclone ring 6 and the other end is connected to the outlet of the cyclone ring 6 to cut the superheated gaseous medium into the space between the cathode head 17 and the anode head 24 at a predetermined angle;

[0075] The cathode system 4 is provided in the plasma generator body 1 and includes:

[0076] The cathode head 17 is a hollow metal part.

[0077] The cathode rod 16 is a hollow tube for conducting electricity and cooling the cathode head 17. One end of the cathode rod 16 is threadedly connected to the cathode head 17.

[0078] The arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18 is connected to the other end of the cathode rod 16 to extend and retract the cathode rod 16. When the arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18 is started, the cathode rod 16 extends so that the cathode head 17 contacts the anode head 24 to form a short circuit. After a predetermined time, the cathode rod 16 retracts to complete the arc-starting operation. The arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18 includes a cathode terminal 19.

[0079] The cathode coolant injection pipe 20 passes through the cathode rod 16 and penetrates into the cathode head 17 so that the cathode head 17 is filled with coolant to reduce the temperature. The cathode coolant injection pipe 20 is provided with a cathode coolant injection port 21 for injecting coolant.

[0080] The cathode coolant return port 22 is located on the left side of the plasma generator body 1 and is connected to the evaporation device 2, so that the coolant after heat exchange circulates out to the cathode coolant return port 22 and then enters the evaporation device 2 as a working medium.

[0081] The insulating tube 23 is a ring-shaped tube structure sleeved on the outside of the cathode rod 16;

[0082] The anode system 5 is provided in the plasma generator body 1 and includes:

[0083] The anode head 24 is connected to the right end of the plasma generator body 1 by threads or bolts, and an annulus 27 is provided outside the anode head 24.

[0084] The coolant baffle 28 is used to separate the annulus 27 into two spaces.

[0085] The anode terminal 30 is electrically connected to the anode head 24. The discharge between the anode head 24 and the cathode head 17 ionizes the superheated gaseous medium to generate high-temperature and high-activity plasma.

[0086] The anode coolant injection pipe 25 is connected to the space on the side of the annulus 27 close to the anode head 24 to introduce coolant into the annulus 27 to cool the anode head 24, and then flows out to the space on the other side of the coolant baffle 28 away from the anode head 24. The anode coolant injection pipe 25 is provided with an anode coolant injection port 26 for injecting coolant.

[0087] The anode coolant atomizing device 29 is connected to the space on the other side of the annulus 27 to atomize the coolant into liquid droplets. The liquid droplets are sprayed toward the high-temperature and high-activity plasma to be heated and excited to be converted into high-temperature and high-activity particles.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment of the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the heating system positive cable 38 is connected to the heating system positive electrode 8, the heating system negative cable 39 is connected to the heating system negative electrode 7, the reaction medium injection pipe 37 is connected to the heating system liquid injection port 10, the anode cable 35 is connected to the anode terminal 30, and the cathode cable 36 is connected to the cathode terminal 19.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment of the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the diameter of the plasma generator body is 5-10 cm, the length is 60-200 cm, the height of the evaporation device channel 12 is set to 0.5-3 cm, and the height of the superheating device channel 14 is set to 0.5-2 cm.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment of the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the superheating device 3 heats the gaseous medium escaping from the evaporation device channel 12 through electrothermal conversion to reach a superheated gaseous medium of 300-500°C.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment of the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the predetermined duration is 1-3 seconds, and the cathode rod 16 retracts to complete the arcing operation.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment of the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, an outlet angle of 60-85° is set at one end of the anode coolant atomization device 29 .

[0093] In a preferred embodiment of the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the cyclone channel 31 has a cyclone angle of 30-85° and a depth of 0.5-3 cm.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment of the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, a plurality of cyclone outlets 32 are evenly distributed up and down with the cathode rod 16 as the symmetry axis, and the opening diameter is 0.2-1 cm.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment of the plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, the connector 34 is a hollow structure with internal threads at both ends, and the diameters of both ends are adapted to the size of the injection and driving device 33 and the size of the plasma generator body 1.

[0096] The method of generating a plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer includes:

[0097] On the ground, pass the interfaces of the anode cable 35, cathode cable 36, reaction medium injection pipe 37, heating system positive cable 38, heating system negative cable 39, anode coolant injection pipe 25, and cathode coolant injection pipe 20 through the connector 34, connect the connector 34 to the injection and drive device 33 with threads, connect the anode cable 35, cathode cable 36, reaction medium injection pipe 37, heating system positive cable 38, heating system negative cable 39, anode coolant injection pipe 25, and cathode coolant injection pipe 20 to the plasma generator respectively, and then connect the other end of the connector 34 to the plasma generator with threads;

[0098] The plasma generator is lowered into the well by the surface drive equipment and gradually moved to the target area of ​​the carbonaceous energy layer. The reaction medium is injected through the surface injection equipment and the evaporation device 2 and the superheating device 3 are started at the same time. The load of the evaporation device 2 and the superheating device 3 is gradually increased to make the reaction medium reach the specified flow rate and temperature. After the cathode coolant and the anode coolant are injected through the surface injection equipment, the plasma generator power is turned on, the arc starting electromagnetic control device 18 is started to start the arc, and the reaction medium flow rate and the plasma generator power are gradually increased to 60%-100% load. Discharge is carried out between the anode head 24 and the cathode head 17 to ionize the superheated gaseous medium to generate high-temperature and high-activity plasma. The anode coolant atomization device 29 atomizes the coolant into droplets. The droplets are sprayed onto the high-temperature and high-activity plasma and are heated and excited to be converted into high-temperature and high-activity particles.

[0099] The plasma generator is controlled by the ground drive equipment to retreat a certain distance to continue the carbon-based energy conversion reaction, and this cycle is repeated until the covered carbon-based energy layer is completely consumed. The power of the plasma generator is turned off, the cathode and anode coolant injection is maintained, the reaction medium injection is stopped, and the reaction medium is switched to inert gas through the ground injection equipment. The reaction area is purged, the cathode and anode coolant and inert gas injection are stopped, and the furnace is closed or the emergency shutdown is completed.

[0100] In one embodiment, the present invention addresses the application of underground in-situ conversion of carbon-based energy. This invention proposes a plasma generator that precisely controls the flow rate and temperature of liquid water evaporation and heating through segmented temperature control; the coolant is converted into a high-temperature, highly active reaction medium in situ, without returning to the surface; and the plasma generator utilizes on-site electromagnetic arc ignition control. The plasma generator primarily comprises a plasma generator body 1, an evaporation device 2, a heating device, a cathode system 4, an anode system 5, and a cyclone ring 6.

[0101] According to the requirements of the in-situ conversion process of carbon-based energy, liquid water, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen and other reaction media are injected, evaporated into gaseous state by the evaporator 2, further heated to a superheated gas state by the heating device, and enter the cyclone ring 6 through the airflow channel. The airflow direction is guided by the cyclone ring 6 to enter between the cathode head 17 and the anode head 24. After the electromagnetically controlled arc starting device is remotely started, the cathode rod 16 moves forward, and the cathode head 17 quickly withdraws after contacting the anode head 24, starting the plasma generator to generate plasma. The coolant of the cathode system 4 and the anode system 5 of the plasma generator cools and protects the corresponding components, and then flows into the evaporator 2 and is atomized by the anode coolant atomization device and then sprayed into the plasma jet. It is heated and activated and serves as a gaseous reaction medium for the conversion process. According to the requirements of the in-situ conversion process of carbon-based energy, the coolant can be consistent with or different from the reaction medium to achieve different conversion functions.

[0102] The plasma generator's outer shell is made of steel, copper, or other alloys, offering high-temperature and corrosion resistance. Depending on the carbon-based energy layer conversion process, the plasma generator's diameter can range from 5-10 cm and its length from 60-200 cm. The evaporation device (2) includes segmented evaporation heating wires, evaporation device wiring (9), a heating system positive electrode (8), a heating system negative electrode (7), a heating system liquid injection port (10), an evaporation device baffle (11), and an evaporation device channel (12). The evaporation segmented heating wires are arranged in upper and lower layers within the cavity of the evaporation device 2, and are connected to the heating system positive electrode 8 and the heating system negative electrode 7 by the evaporation device wires 9 respectively. The heating wires can convert electrical energy into thermal energy, heating the liquid medium to cause it to undergo a phase change and convert it into a gaseous state; the evaporation segmented heating wires adopt a modular design and can work in sections. Combined with power regulation, heating regulation can be achieved to accurately control the evaporation amount of the liquid medium; the heating system liquid injection port 10 is located at the bottom of the plasma generator body 1, and the liquid medium is injected into the evaporation device 2. The injection flow rate is controlled by the ground and matches the process requirements; the evaporation device baffle 11 is located on the right side of the evaporation device 2 to provide a working space for the evaporation device 2, and space is reserved at the top as an evaporation device channel 12 to allow the gaseous medium to escape into the superheating device 3. The height of the evaporation device channel 12 can be set to 0.5-3 cm according to the conversion process.

[0103] The superheater 3 comprises a segmented superheating heating wire, a superheating wire 15, a heating system positive electrode 8, a heating system negative electrode 7, a superheating baffle 13, and a superheating channel 14. The segmented superheating heating wires are arranged in layers on the left and right sides of the superheater 3 cavity. The superheating wires 15 are connected in series with the evaporation wire 9 and are connected to the heating system positive electrode 8 and the heating system negative electrode 7. Furthermore, the superheating heating wires heat the gaseous medium escaping from the evaporation channel 12 to a temperature of 300-500°C through electrothermal conversion. Similarly, the segmented superheating heating wires employ a modular design, enabling segmented operation. Combined with power regulation, this allows for heating regulation and precise control of the gaseous medium's superheat temperature. The superheating baffle 13 is located on the right side of the superheater 3, providing working space for the superheater 3. A space is reserved in the lower center of the superheating baffle 13 as the superheating channel 14, allowing the superheated gaseous medium to flow into the cyclone ring 6. The height of the superheating channel 14 can be set to 0.5-2 cm depending on the conversion process.

[0104] The cathode system 4 includes a cathode rod 16, a cathode head 17, an arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18, a cathode terminal 19, a cathode coolant injection port 21, a cathode coolant return port 22, and an insulating tube 23. The cathode rod 16 mainly functions as a conductor and cools the cathode head 17. One end of the cathode rod 16 is connected to the arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18, and the other end is connected to the cathode head 17. The cathode rod 16 is configured as a hollow tube, and coolant is injected through the cathode coolant injection port 21. A cathode coolant return port 22 is provided on the left side of the plasma generator body 1, and the cathode coolant return port 22 is connected to the evaporation device 2. The cathode head 17 is configured as a hollow metal part, the outer side of which is connected to the cathode rod 16 by a thread. The cathode coolant injection pipe 20 extends into the interior of the cathode head 17 to ensure the cooling effect of the cathode head 17. The arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18 can be remotely controlled to quickly extend and retract the cathode rod 16. When the arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18 is started, the cathode rod 16 is quickly extended, and the cathode head 17 contacts the anode head 24, forming a short circuit. After a duration of 1-3 seconds, the cathode rod 16 retracts to complete the arc-starting operation. After the cathode coolant enters the cathode rod 16 at the injection port, it cools the cathode head 17 and circulates out to the cathode coolant return port 22, and then enters the evaporation device 2 as a working medium input; the insulating tube 23 is a ring tube type, which is sleeved on the outside of the cathode rod 16 to prevent the evaporation device 2, the overheating device 3 and the plasma generation system from short-circuiting. The insulating tube 23 can be made of high-temperature resistant insulating materials, including but not limited to quartz, corundum and other materials.

[0105] The anode system 5 includes a cathode head 17, an anode coolant injection port 26, a coolant baffle 28, an anode coolant atomizer 29, and an anode terminal 30. The anode head 24 is located at the right end of the plasma generator body 1 and is connected by threads or bolts. An annulus 27 is provided on the outside of the anode head 24, and the annulus 27 is separated into two spaces by the coolant baffle 28. One side of the anode head 24 extends into the anode coolant injection pipe 25. One end of the anode coolant atomizer 29 is connected to the anode coolant outlet, and the other end is set at an outlet angle of 60-85 degrees. Discharge occurs between the anode head 24 and the cathode head 17, ionizing the reaction medium to produce high-temperature, highly active plasma. The coolant enters the annulus 27 from the anode coolant injection port 26 through the anode coolant injection pipe 25, cools one side of the protective anode head 24, and then flows out to the other side of the coolant baffle 28. After entering the anode coolant atomization device 29, it is atomized into small droplets and sprayed into the plasma jet. It is heated and excited to be converted into high-temperature and highly active particles, which can further serve as a reaction medium.

[0106] The cyclone ring 6 consists of a cyclone channel 31 and a cyclone outlet 32. The cyclone ring 6 is made of steel, copper or other alloy materials, has high temperature resistance, is a solid cylinder, and a cyclone channel 31 is set on the outer ring, with a cyclone angle of 30-85° and a depth of 0.5-3 cm. According to the process requirements, the cyclone outlet 32 ​​can be evenly distributed up and down with the cathode rod 16 as the symmetry axis, with an opening diameter of 0.2-1 cm. The inlet of the cyclone ring 6 is connected to the overheating device channel 14, and the superheated gaseous medium flows into the cyclone channel 31 from the overheating device channel 14, and then flows out from the cyclone outlet 32, cutting into the space between the cathode head 17 and the anode head 24 at a certain angle, which is convenient for plasma arc starting and stable operation.

[0107] For the application scenario of underground in-situ conversion of carbon-based energy, the plasma generator is connected to the injection and drive device 33, one end of which is connected to the plasma generator and placed in the carbon-based energy layer, and the other end is connected to the ground injection equipment and drive equipment, thereby realizing the supply of power, working medium, coolant, etc. required for the operation of the plasma generator and the free movement of the plasma generator in the carbon-based energy layer.

[0108] The injection and drive device 33 is a flexible tube. Depending on the requirements of the carbon-based energy conversion process, the diameter of the injection and drive device 33 ranges from 5 to 30 cm, with an externally threaded connector at the end. The tube houses the anode cable 35, cathode cable 36, reaction medium injection pipe 37, heating system positive cable 38, heating system negative cable 39, anode coolant injection pipe 25, and cathode coolant injection pipe 20. Each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe, which pass through the injection and drive device 33, connects to the surface injection and drive equipment at one end, leaving a connection at the injection and drive device 33 port at the other end.

[0109] The connector 34 is hollow, with internal threads at both ends. The diameters of its ends are determined by the dimensions of the injection and drive device 33 and the plasma generator. The cables, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe connections pass through the connector 34. The connector 34 is then threadedly connected to the injection and drive device 33. The cables, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe are then connected to the plasma generator. The other end of the connector 34 is then threadedly connected to the plasma generator. Controlled by surface injection and drive equipment, the plasma generator can be freely moved and function properly within the carbon-based energy layer.

[0110] In one embodiment, the method comprises,

[0111] 1) Installation

[0112] The injection and drive device 33 is enclosed within an anode cable 35, a cathode cable 36, a reaction medium injection pipe 37, a positive heating system cable 38, a negative heating system cable 39, an anode coolant injection pipe 25, and a cathode coolant injection pipe 20. Each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe passing through the injection and drive device 33 is connected to the surface injection equipment and drive equipment at one end, and the other end is exposed at the port of the injection and drive device 33.

[0113] The components of the plasma generator have been connected and tested on the ground to confirm that they can operate normally.

[0114] On the ground, pass the interfaces of each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe through the connector 34, connect the connector 34 to the injection and drive device 33 with threads, connect each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe to the plasma generator respectively, and then connect the other end of the connector 34 to the plasma generator with threads.

[0115] The plasma generator is lowered into the well by surface driving equipment and gradually moved into the target area of ​​the carbonaceous energy layer.

[0116] 2) Plasma generator start-up

[0117] The reaction medium is injected through the surface injection equipment. Simultaneously, the evaporator 2 and superheater 3 are activated, and the load on these two devices is gradually increased until the reaction medium reaches the specified flow rate and temperature. The cathode and anode coolants are then injected through the surface injection equipment. Thereafter, the plasma generator power supply is turned on, the arc ignition electromagnetic control device 18 is activated, and the voltage and current displayed on the surface injection equipment are monitored. Normal voltage and current readings on the surface injection equipment indicate successful arc ignition of the plasma generator.

[0118] 3) Main operations of the conversion process

[0119] After successful arcing, the reaction medium flow rate and plasma generator power are gradually increased to 60%-100% load based on the feedback of the carbon-based energy layer conversion reaction, and operated for a long time.

[0120] Based on feedback from the carbon-based energy layer's conversion reaction, when the relevant retreat indicators are reached, the ground-based drive equipment controls the plasma generator to a certain distance to continue the carbon-based energy conversion reaction. This cycle continues until the covered carbon-based energy layer is completely consumed, and then the relevant conversion process is restarted in a new conversion unit.

[0121] 4) Main operations for furnace shutdown or emergency shutdown

[0122] When the covered carbonaceous energy layer is completely consumed and the furnace needs to be shut down, or when an emergency shutdown is required, first turn off the plasma generator power, maintain cathode and anode coolant injection, stop the reaction medium injection, and switch the reaction medium to an inert gas such as nitrogen through surface injection equipment to purge the reaction area. When the target product content is less than 1%, stop the cathode and anode coolant and inert gas injection, and the furnace shutdown or emergency shutdown is complete.

[0123] Example 1: (Plasma generator for in-situ conversion of carbon-based energy layers using carbon dioxide as a reaction medium and liquid water as a coolant)

[0124] An embodiment of the present invention provides an operating method for in-situ gasification of a carbon-based energy layer using a plasma generator using carbon dioxide as a reaction medium and liquid water as a coolant.

[0125] The injection and drive device 33 is enclosed within an anode cable 35, a cathode cable 36, a reaction medium injection pipe 37, a positive heating system cable 38, a negative heating system cable 39, an anode coolant injection pipe 25, and a cathode coolant injection pipe 20. Each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe passing through the injection and drive device 33 is connected to the surface injection equipment and drive equipment at one end, and the other end is exposed at the port of the injection and drive device 33.

[0126] The components of the plasma generator have been connected and tested on the ground to confirm that they can operate normally.

[0127] On the ground, pass the interfaces of each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe through the connector 34, connect the connector 34 to the injection and drive device 33 with threads, connect each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe to the plasma generator respectively, and then connect the other end of the connector 34 to the plasma generator with threads.

[0128] The plasma generator is lowered into the well by surface driving equipment and gradually moved into the target area of ​​the carbonaceous energy layer.

[0129] Carbon dioxide is injected through the surface injection equipment, and simultaneously the evaporator 2 and superheater 3 are activated. The load on these two devices is gradually increased until the carbon dioxide reaches the specified flow rate and temperature. Cathode and anode cooling water are then injected through the surface injection equipment. Afterwards, the plasma generator power supply is turned on, the arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18 is activated, and the voltage and current displayed on the surface injection equipment are monitored. If the voltage and current displayed on the surface injection equipment are normal, the plasma generator arc has been successfully started.

[0130] After successful arcing, the carbon dioxide flow rate and plasma generator power are gradually increased to 80%-100% load based on the feedback of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen flow rates produced by the conversion reaction, and operated for a long time.

[0131] Based on feedback from the carbon monoxide and hydrogen flow rates generated by the conversion reaction, when the relevant retreat indicators are reached, the ground-based drive equipment controls the plasma generator to a certain distance to continue the carbon-based energy conversion reaction. This cycle continues until the covered carbon-based energy layer is completely consumed, and then the relevant conversion process is restarted in a new conversion unit.

[0132] Example 2: (Plasma Generator for In-Situ Conversion of Carbon-Based Energy Layer Using Liquid Water as Reaction Medium and Coolant)

[0133] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for operating a plasma generator using liquid water as a reaction medium and a coolant for in-situ gasification of a carbon-based energy layer with water vapor.

[0134] The injection and drive device 33 is enclosed within an anode cable 35, a cathode cable 36, a reaction medium injection pipe 37, a positive heating system cable 38, a negative heating system cable 39, an anode coolant injection pipe 25, and a cathode coolant injection pipe 20. Each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe passing through the injection and drive device 33 is connected to the surface injection equipment and drive equipment at one end, and the other end is exposed at the port of the injection and drive device 33.

[0135] The components of the plasma generator have been connected and tested on the ground to confirm that they can operate normally.

[0136] On the ground, pass the interfaces of each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe through the connector 34, connect the connector 34 to the injection and drive device 33 with threads, connect each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe to the plasma generator respectively, and then connect the other end of the connector 34 to the plasma generator with threads.

[0137] The plasma generator is lowered into the well by surface driving equipment and gradually moved into the target area of ​​the carbonaceous energy layer.

[0138] Liquid water is injected through the surface injection equipment, and the evaporator 2 and superheater 3 are simultaneously activated. The load on these two devices is gradually increased until the superheated steam reaches the specified flow rate and temperature. Cathode and anode cooling water are then injected through the surface injection equipment. Afterwards, the plasma generator power supply is turned on, the arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18 is activated, and the voltage and current displayed on the surface injection equipment are monitored. If the voltage and current displayed on the surface injection equipment are normal, the plasma generator arc has been successfully started.

[0139] After successful arcing, the liquid water flow rate and plasma generator power are gradually increased to 60%-100% load based on the feedback of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide flow rates produced by the conversion reaction, and operated for a long time.

[0140] Based on the flow rate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced by the conversion reaction, when the relevant retreat indicators are reached, the ground-based drive equipment controls the plasma generator to a certain distance to continue the carbon-based energy conversion reaction. This cycle continues until the covered carbon-based energy layer is completely consumed, and then the relevant conversion process is restarted in a new conversion unit.

[0141] Example 3: (A plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer using nitrogen as a reaction medium and liquid nitrogen as a coolant, switched to a plasma generator using liquid water as a reaction medium and coolant)

[0142] An embodiment of the present invention proposes an operating method in which a liquid water plasma generator is initially used with nitrogen as a reaction medium and liquid nitrogen as a coolant to pyrolyze a carbon-based energy layer and convert it into oil and gas products, and later switches to a plasma generator using liquid water as a reaction medium and a coolant to in-situ gasify semi-coke of the carbon-based energy layer with water vapor.

[0143] The injection and drive device 33 is enclosed within an anode cable 35, a cathode cable 36, a reaction medium injection pipe 37, a positive heating system cable 38, a negative heating system cable 39, an anode coolant injection pipe 25, and a cathode coolant injection pipe 20. Each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe passing through the injection and drive device 33 is connected to the surface injection equipment and drive equipment at one end, and the other end is exposed at the port of the injection and drive device 33.

[0144] The components of the plasma generator have been connected and tested on the ground to confirm that they can operate normally.

[0145] On the ground, pass the interfaces of each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe through the connector 34, connect the connector 34 to the injection and drive device 33 with threads, connect each cable, reaction medium injection pipe 37, and coolant injection pipe to the plasma generator respectively, and then connect the other end of the connector 34 to the plasma generator with threads.

[0146] The plasma generator is lowered into the well by surface driving equipment and gradually moved into the target area of ​​the carbonaceous energy layer.

[0147] Nitrogen is injected through the surface injection equipment. Simultaneously, evaporator 2 and superheater 3 are activated. The load on these two devices is gradually increased until the nitrogen reaches the specified flow rate and temperature. Cathode and anode cooling water are then injected through the surface injection equipment. Afterwards, the plasma generator is powered on, the arc-starting electromagnetic control device 18 is activated, and the voltage and current displayed on the surface injection equipment are monitored. Normal voltage and current readings indicate successful arc ignition of the plasma generator.

[0148] After successful arcing, the nitrogen flow rate and plasma generator power are gradually increased to 60%-100% load based on the feedback from the pyrolysis oil and gas flow rates generated by the pyrolysis carbon-based energy layer, and then operated for a long time. After the pyrolysis oil and gas flow rates gradually decrease, the plasma generator is shut down, and both nitrogen and liquid nitrogen are switched to liquid water. The plasma generator is then restarted to initiate the gasification reaction of the semi-coke in the carbon-based energy layer.

[0149] Based on feedback from the flow rates of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced by the conversion reaction, when the relevant retreat indicators are reached, the ground-based drive equipment controls the plasma generator to move a certain distance, then switches the liquid water to nitrogen gas and liquid nitrogen, and continues the carbon-based energy pyrolysis conversion process. This cycle continues until the covered carbon-based energy layer is completely consumed, and then the relevant conversion process is restarted in a new conversion unit.

[0150] Finally, it should be noted that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0151] The above description is merely illustrative of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It goes without saying that those skilled in the art will be able to modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer, characterized in that: These include, An injection and driving device, which extends in the carbon-based energy layer to supply power, working medium, coolant and drive the plasma generator to move freely in the carbon-based energy layer, and the injection and driving device is a tubular structure covering an anode cable, a cathode cable, a reaction medium injection pipe, a heating system positive cable, a heating system negative cable, an anode coolant injection pipe and a cathode coolant injection pipe; A plasma generator body connected to the injection and driving device via a connector and movable in the carbon-based energy layer; The evaporation device is arranged in the left side of the plasma generator body, and the evaporation device includes: The evaporation device chamber is arranged in the plasma generator body. The evaporation device baffle is located on the right side of the evaporation device cavity. A space is reserved on the upper part of the evaporation device baffle as the evaporation device channel. The heating system liquid injection port is located at the bottom of the plasma generator body to inject the liquid medium into the evaporation device cavity. The evaporation segmented heating wire is arranged in layers in the evaporation device cavity. The evaporation segmented heating wire is connected to the positive electrode of the heating system and the negative electrode of the heating system through the evaporation device wire to convert electrical energy into thermal energy, so that the liquid medium in the evaporation device cavity undergoes a phase change and is converted into a gaseous medium. The gaseous medium escapes into the superheating device through the evaporation device channel; An overheating device is arranged in the plasma generator body and adjacent to the evaporation device, and the overheating device includes: A superheater chamber is disposed in the plasma generator body and adjacent to the evaporator baffle. The superheater baffle is located on the right side of the superheater cavity. A space is reserved in the lower part of the superheater baffle as a superheater channel. The overheating segmented heating wires are arranged in layers in the overheating device cavity. The overheating segmented heating wires are connected in series with the evaporation device wires via the overheating device wires to connect the positive electrode of the heating system and the negative electrode of the heating system to convert electrical energy into thermal energy, and heat the gaseous medium dissipated from the evaporation device channel into an overheated gaseous medium. The cyclone ring is arranged in the plasma generator body and is located on the right side of the overheating device baffle. The cyclone ring includes: The cyclone ring inlet is connected to the superheater channel, A cyclone channel, one end of which is connected to the cyclone ring inlet and the other end is connected to the cyclone ring outlet so as to cut the superheated gaseous medium into between the cathode head and the anode head at a predetermined angle; The cathode system is arranged in the plasma generator body, and the cathode system comprises: The cathode head is a hollow metal part. The cathode rod is a hollow tube for conducting electricity and cooling the cathode head. One end of the cathode rod is threadedly connected to the cathode head. The arc-starting electromagnetic control device is connected to the other end of the cathode rod to extend and retract the cathode rod. When the arc-starting electromagnetic control device is started, the cathode rod extends so that the cathode head contacts the anode head to form a short circuit. After a predetermined time, the cathode rod retracts to complete the arc-starting operation. The arc-starting electromagnetic control device includes a cathode terminal. The cathode coolant injection pipe passes through the cathode rod and penetrates into the cathode head so that the cathode head is filled with coolant to reduce the temperature. The cathode coolant injection pipe is provided with a cathode coolant injection port for injecting coolant. The cathode coolant return port is located on the left side of the plasma generator body and connected to the evaporation device, so that the coolant after heat exchange circulates out to the cathode coolant return port and then enters the evaporation device as a working medium. The insulating tube is a ring-shaped tube structure sleeved on the outside of the cathode rod; The anode system is arranged in the plasma generator body, and the anode system comprises: The anode head is connected to the right end of the plasma generator body by threads or bolts, and an annulus is arranged outside the anode head. The coolant baffle, which separates the annulus into two spaces, The anode terminal is electrically connected to the anode head, and the discharge between the anode head and the cathode head ionizes the superheated gaseous medium to produce high-temperature and highly active plasma. The anode coolant injection pipe is connected to the space on one side of the annulus close to the anode head to introduce coolant into the annulus to cool the anode head, and then flows out to the space on the other side of the coolant baffle away from the anode head. The anode coolant injection pipe is provided with an anode coolant injection port for injecting coolant. The anode coolant atomizing device is connected to the space on the other side of the annulus to atomize the coolant into liquid droplets. The liquid droplets are sprayed toward the high-temperature and high-activity plasma to be heated and excited to be converted into high-temperature and high-activity particles.

2. A plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive cable of the heating system is connected to the positive electrode of the heating system, the negative cable of the heating system is connected to the negative electrode of the heating system, the reaction medium injection pipe is connected to the liquid injection port of the heating system, the anode cable is connected to the anode terminal, and the cathode cable is connected to the cathode terminal.

3. The plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma generator body has a diameter of 5-10 cm and a length of 60-200 cm. The channel height of the evaporation device is set to 0.5-3 cm, and the channel height of the superheating device is set to 0.5-2 cm.

4. The plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superheating device heats the gaseous medium escaping from the evaporation device channel through electric heat conversion to make it a superheated gaseous medium at 300-500°C.

5. The plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predetermined duration is 1-3 seconds, and the cathode rod is retracted to complete the arc starting operation.

6. The plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the anode coolant atomization device is provided with an outlet angle of 60-85°.

7. The plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclone channel has a cyclone angle of 30-85° and a depth of 0.5-3 cm.

8. The plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclone outlets are evenly distributed up and down with the cathode rod as the symmetry axis, and the opening diameter is 0.2-1cm.

9. The plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting piece is a hollow structure, and two ports are provided with internal threads. The diameters of the two ends are adapted to the size of the injection and driving devices and the size of the plasma generator body.

10. A method for generating a plasma generator for in-situ conversion of a carbon-based energy layer using any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: These include, On the ground, pass the interfaces of the anode cable, cathode cable, reaction medium injection pipe, heating system positive cable, heating system negative cable, anode coolant injection pipe and cathode coolant injection pipe through the connector, connect the connector to the injection and drive device by using threads, connect the anode cable, cathode cable, reaction medium injection pipe, heating system positive cable, heating system negative cable, anode coolant injection pipe and cathode coolant injection pipe to the plasma generator respectively, and then connect the other end of the connector to the plasma generator by using threads; The plasma generator is lowered into the well by the ground driving equipment, and gradually moved to the target area of ​​the carbonaceous energy layer, the reaction medium is injected by the ground injection equipment, and the evaporation device and the overheating device are started at the same time, and the load of the evaporation device and the overheating device is gradually increased to make the reaction medium reach the specified flow rate and temperature, and then the cathode coolant and the anode coolant are injected by the ground injection equipment, and then the plasma generator power is turned on, and the arc electromagnetic control device is started to start the arc, and the reaction medium flow rate and the plasma generator power are gradually increased to 60%-100% load, and the anode head and the cathode head are discharged to ionize the superheated gaseous medium to generate high-temperature and high-activity plasma, and the anode coolant atomization device atomizes the coolant into droplets, and the droplets are sprayed to the high-temperature and high-activity plasma to be heated and excited to be converted into high-temperature and high-activity particles; The plasma generator is controlled by the ground drive equipment to retreat a certain distance to continue the carbon-based energy conversion reaction, and this cycle is repeated until the covered carbon-based energy layer is completely consumed, the plasma generator power is turned off, the cathode and anode coolant injection is maintained, the reaction medium injection is stopped, and the reaction medium is switched to an inert gas through the ground injection equipment, the reaction area is purged, the cathode and anode coolant and inert gas injection are stopped, and the furnace is closed or the emergency shutdown is completed.

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