Electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein daily ration of piglets

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein daily ration of piglets. The electrolyte balance regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-54 parts of potassium sulfate, 27-40 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 2-30 parts of potassium-containing zeolite and 2-4 parts of hydrotalcite. The addition amount of the electrolyte balance regulator in the low-protein low-soybean-meal feed for the piglets is 0.2 wt.%-0.5 wt.%. The hydrotalcite used in the invention can relieve the adverse effect of high Cl <-> of low-protein low-soybean-meal daily ration on piglets, and both zeolite and hydrotalcite can improve the bioavailability of potassium and sodium. According to the electrolyte balance regulator disclosed by the invention, all the components have a remarkable interaction effect and a positive remarkable synergistic combination effect, and the acid-base balance and electrolyte balance of piglets can be effectively regulated by adding the electrolyte balance regulator disclosed by the invention into a low-protein low-soybean-meal feed through the optimal proportion and the combined synergistic effect of all the components; the piglet diarrhea is obviously relieved, the growth performance of piglets is improved, the intestinal health of the piglets is improved, the digestion and absorption of crude protein of the feed are improved, and the efficient absorption and utilization of amino acid are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein diets of piglets. Background Art

[0002] Pig feed grain consumption accounts for about 45% of the total consumption of the breeding industry. The development of low-protein and low-soybean meal feed is of great significance for saving grain and increasing efficiency and improving pig farming efficiency. Low-protein feed is formulated based on the actual protein needs and the energy / protein and amino acid balance theory. Under the condition of ensuring animal production performance and product quality, by adding appropriate types and quantities of industrial synthetic amino acids, it has low protein levels, low nitrogen emissions, and can improve animal intestinal health and breeding environment. High-protein and high-soybean meal feed will not only increase feed costs and cause diarrhea in piglets, but also cause a lot of food waste.

[0003] The precise nutrition system of low-protein and low-soybean meal diets, such as energy-nitrogen balance, net energy requirements, and digestible amino acid balance, has been extensively studied and applied. However, there are few studies on the electrolyte balance (dEB) of low-protein diets. In nutrition, electrolytes refer to anions and cations that remain stable during metabolism. Electrolytes in animal body fluids are mainly involved in maintaining osmotic pressure, regulating acid-base balance, and controlling water metabolism, so that nutrient metabolism is in a suitable environment. The formula for calculating dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is: the main cations (Na + and K + ) and anions (Cl - ) milligram equivalent, i.e. dEB (mEq / kg) = Na + +K + -Cl - .

[0004] The amount of soybean meal added to low-protein and low-soybean meal feeds is reduced, while K in soybean meal + Rich in content, reducing the amount of soybean meal added will increase the K content in the diet + The concentration of lysine hydrochloride and choline chloride added will increase the Cl - Therefore, low protein and low soybean meal diets often result in high chloride and low potassium in the diet. + +K + -Cl -According to the calculation formula, a low-protein, low-soybean meal diet will reduce the dEB of the diet. For example, the dEB of a low-protein diet for piglets is only 150mEq / kg. NRC (2012) recommended the optimal dEB value for pigs to be 250mEq / kg. Piglets have incomplete development of various functions, vigorous metabolism, and are prone to various stresses. These physiological characteristics put forward higher requirements on the dEB of piglet diets. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein diets for piglets to give full play to the application effect of low-protein, low-soybean meal diets for pigs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide an electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein diets for piglets.

[0006] The technical solutions specifically adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an electrolyte balance regulator for a low-protein diet for piglets, which consists of 40 to 54 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 27 to 40 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate, 2 to 30 parts by weight of potassium-containing zeolite, and 2 to 4 parts by weight of hydrotalcite.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the potassium-containing zeolite has a particle size of 300-400 meshes, and the potassium content in the zeolite is 2-5%.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the hydrotalcite is Mg-Al hydrotalcite.

[0010] In the present invention, potassium-containing zeolite is obtained by commercial means, such as Chifeng Wuhua Tianbao Mineral Material Co., Ltd. The hydrotalcite used in the present invention can be a commercially available product or can be prepared according to the prior art, and its preparation technology is well known.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a low-protein feed for piglets to which is added an electrolyte balance regulator as described in any one of the schemes of the first aspect.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the electrolyte balance regulator is added to the feed in an amount of 0.2 wt.% to 0.5 wt.%.

[0013] The electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein diets for piglets of the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0014] (1) Hydrotalcites (or Layered Double Hydroxides, LDHs) are anionic inorganic functional materials with strong adsorption capacity for anions. Because the addition of lysine hydrochloride, choline chloride and other chloride salts in low-protein and low-soybean meal feeds will increase the Cl content in the diet. -As the concentration increases, the hydrotalcite used in the present invention will adsorb Cl in the intestine of piglets. - , thereby alleviating the high Cl - Adverse effects on piglets.

[0015] (2) The hydrotalcite used in the present invention is Mg-A1 hydrotalcite, the main elements of which are magnesium, aluminum, CO3 2- 、SO4 2- Magnesium and sulfur are essential mineral elements for piglets, which can promote the growth of piglets, improve the body's immunity and resist stress. Mg-A1 hydrotalcite has been successfully used to treat digestive diseases. It has good biocompatibility and gastrointestinal mucosal affinity, high surface activity and huge specific surface area, and can improve the bioavailability of potassium and sodium in the electrolyte balance regulator of the present invention.

[0016] (3) The potassium-containing zeolite used in the present invention can play a controlled-release role in the absorption and utilization of potassium. The regular interconnected pore structure and cage-like space, high surface activity and huge specific surface area enable it to have a controlled-release effect on the loaded potassium, thereby greatly improving the absorption and utilization rate of potassium.

[0017] (4) Adding the electrolyte balance regulator of the invention to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for piglets can effectively regulate the body's acid-base balance and electrolyte balance, significantly relieve piglet diarrhea, improve piglet growth performance, improve piglet intestinal health, improve the digestion and absorption of feed crude protein, and promote efficient absorption and utilization of amino acids.

[0018] (5) The electrolyte balance regulator of the present invention has significant interactions among its components and has a positive significant synergistic combination effect. Through the optimized ratio of each component and the synergistic effect of the combination, the electrolyte balance regulator-added group with a dietary dEB of 182 mEq / kg has a better application effect than the group with a dietary dEB of 250 mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 for pig nutritional requirements).

[0019] (6) Zeolite and hydrotalcite are easy to form a uniform dispersion system, have stable performance and do not absorb moisture, so that the electrolyte balance regulator of the present invention has good fluidity and is easy to mix with feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples.

[0021] The reagents and materials in the following examples can be commercially available products or prepared by methods reported in the prior art without limitation.

[0022] Embodiment 1

[0023] 1. Preliminary experiment: According to the literature "Oral vanadium supplement with bimetallic oxide as carrier and its preparation and use method" (see: Ye Ying, Feng Lujia, Zheng Libo, Shen Zhongyue, Han Jie, Chen Zhifei, Li Shanshan. Invention patent number: ZL02137166.0.), Mg-Al hydrotalcite was prepared by coprecipitation method, the steps are as follows:

[0024] 1) Dissolve 0.225 mol Mg(NO3)2 and 0.075 mol Al(NO3)2 in 250 mL water to prepare salt solution A of Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)2;

[0025] 2) Dissolve 0.675 mol NaOH and 0.225 mol Na2CO3 in 250 mL water to prepare alkaline solution B of NaOH and Na2CO3;

[0026] 3) Add salt solution A and alkaline solution B dropwise into 100 mL of strongly stirred distilled water for 4 hours to form a suspension;

[0027] 4) Place the suspension in a water bath and stir for crystallization at 80°C for 24 hours;

[0028] 5) The product of step 4) was filtered, washed with water until neutral, dried at 80° C., and ground to 300 mesh to obtain the hydrotalcite used in this example.

[0029] In addition, commercially available potassium-containing zeolite was crushed to 300 meshes, and the potassium content in the zeolite was 4% by weight.

[0030] 2. Preparation and addition of electrolyte balance regulator: 40 kg of potassium sulfate, 27 kg of sodium bicarbonate, 30 kg of potassium-containing zeolite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 3 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment are mixed and stirred to obtain an electrolyte balance regulator for low protein diet of piglets (EBLP). The electrolyte balance regulator is added in an amount of 0.5 wt.% in the low protein and low soybean meal feed for piglets.

[0031] 3. Piglet feeding: A total of 108 Duroc piglets (35 days old, 9.8 kg) were randomly divided into three groups: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 16.5%, potassium, sodium, and chloride contents of the feed were 0.72%, 0.21%, and 0.44%, respectively, and dEB was 150 mEq / kg; (2) EBLP group: 0.5 wt.% EBLP was added to the control group feed, crude protein 16.5%, potassium, sodium, and chloride contents of the feed were 0.82%, 0.25%, and 0.43%, respectively, and dEB was 195 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group (optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 pig nutritional requirements): 0.45wt.% potassium sulfate, 0.38wt.% sodium bicarbonate, 16.5% crude protein were added to the control group feed, the potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.96%, 0.30% and 0.44% respectively, and the dEB was 250mEq / kg. The experimental period was 30 days, and the piglets had free access to food and water. The piglets were immunized and fed according to the routine procedures.

[0032] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the EBLP group significantly alleviated piglet diarrhea, increased average daily weight gain (P<0.05), reduced feed-to-weight ratio (P<0.05), increased apparent digestibility of crude protein (P<0.05), increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P<0.05), and increased serum K + The results showed that EBLP can significantly improve the intestinal health of piglets, improve the growth performance of piglets, and facilitate the absorption and metabolism of amino acids. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the EBLP group had a better improvement effect on the above indicators than the high dEB group.

[0033] The above results show that adding EBLP to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for piglets can significantly improve the intestinal health of piglets, improve the growth performance of piglets, and facilitate the absorption and metabolism of amino acids. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBLP, the EBLP group with a dEB of 195mEq / kg has a better application effect than the high dEB group with a dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutritional Requirements).

[0034] Example 2

[0035] 1. Preliminary experiment: The commercially available Mg-Al hydrotalcite was ground to 350 mesh. In addition, the commercially available potassium-containing zeolite was crushed to 350 mesh, and the potassium content in the zeolite was 2% by weight.

[0036] 2. Preparation and addition of electrolyte balance regulator: 50 kg of potassium sulfate, 35 kg of sodium bicarbonate, 13 kg of potassium-containing zeolite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 2 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment are mixed and stirred to obtain an electrolyte balance regulator for low protein diet of piglets (EBLP). The addition amount of the electrolyte balance regulator in the low protein and low soybean meal feed of piglets is 0.4 wt.%.

[0037] 3. Piglet feeding: 108 Duroc piglets (35 days old, 9.8 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 16.5%, potassium, sodium, and chloride content in the feed were 0.72%, 0.21%, and 0.44%, respectively, and dEB was 150 mEq / kg; (2) EBLP group: 0.4 wt.% EBLP was added to the control group's feed, crude protein 16.5%, 0.81%, 0.25%, and 0.43% in the feed, and dEB was 194 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group: 0.45 wt.% potassium sulfate and 0.38 wt.% sodium bicarbonate were added to the control group's feed, crude protein 16.5%, potassium, sodium, and chloride content in the feed were 0.96%, 0.30%, and 0.44%, respectively, and dEB was 250 mEq / kg. The experimental period was 30 days. The piglets had free access to food and water, and were immunized and raised according to routine procedures.

[0038] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the arterial blood pH and HCO3 of the piglets in the EBLP group were - The serum K + The content of EBLP increased (P<0.1), improved diarrhea and fecal scores in piglets (P<0.05), increased average daily weight gain of piglets (P<0.05), reduced feed-to-weight ratio (P<0.05), increased apparent digestibility of crude protein (P<0.05), increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P<0.05), made the arrangement of microvilli more regular and dense, increased the expression of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) (P<0.05), improved the mitochondrial function of intestinal epithelial cells (P<0.05), induced the differentiation of jejunal stem cells into absorptive cells, and promoted the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that EBLP can significantly improve the intestinal health and digestion and absorption of nutrients in piglets, improve the growth performance of piglets, and relieve diarrhea in piglets. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the improvement effect of the EBLP group on the above indicators was better than that of the high dEB group.

[0039] The above results show that adding EBLP to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for piglets can significantly promote the structural integrity of intestinal villi and increase the expression of tight junction proteins between intestinal epithelial cells to enhance intestinal barrier function, improve intestinal health of piglets, improve digestion and absorption of crude protein, and improve growth performance of piglets. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBLP, the EBLP group with dEB of 194mEq / kg has better application effect than the high dEB group with dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutritional Requirements).

[0040] Example 3

[0041] 1. Preliminary experiment: According to the literature "Oral vanadium supplement with bimetallic oxide as carrier and its preparation and use method" (see: Ye Ying, Feng Lujia, Zheng Libo, Shen Zhongyue, Han Jie, Chen Zhifei, Li Shanshan. Invention patent number: ZL02137166.0.), hydrotalcite was prepared by hydrothermal method, the steps are as follows:

[0042] 1) Dissolve 0.225 mol MgCl2 and 0.075 mol AlCl2 in 250 mL water to prepare a salt solution A of MgCl2 and AlCl2;

[0043] 2) Dissolve 0.675 mol NaOH and 0.225 mol Na2CO3 in 250 mL water to prepare alkaline solution B of NaOH and Na2CO3;

[0044] 3) The salt solution A and the alkaline solution B are quickly mixed to obtain a white slurry; the white slurry is quickly placed in an autoclave and crystallized at 140° C. for 8 hours;

[0045] 4) After crystallization, the slurry was filtered, and the solid part obtained by filtration was washed to neutrality, dried at 80° C., and ground to 400 mesh to obtain the hydrotalcite used in this example.

[0046] In addition, commercially available potassium-containing zeolite was crushed to 400 meshes, and the potassium content in the zeolite was 5% by weight.

[0047] 2. Preparation and addition of electrolyte balance regulator: 54 kg of potassium sulfate, 40 kg of sodium bicarbonate, 2 kg of potassium-containing zeolite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 4 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment are mixed and stirred to obtain an electrolyte balance regulator for low protein diet of piglets (EBLP). The electrolyte balance regulator is added in an amount of 0.2 wt.% in the low protein and low soybean meal feed for piglets.

[0048] 3. Piglet feeding: 108 Duroc piglets (35 days old, 9.8 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 16.5%, potassium, sodium, and chloride content in the feed were 0.72%, 0.21%, and 0.44%, respectively, and dEB was 150 mEq / kg; (2) EBLP group: 0.2 wt.% EBLP was added to the control group's feed, crude protein 16.5%, 0.77%, 0.23%, and 0.41% in the feed, and dEB was 182 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group: 0.45 wt.% potassium sulfate and 0.38 wt.% sodium bicarbonate were added to the control group's feed, crude protein 16.5%, potassium, sodium, and chloride content in the feed were 0.96%, 0.30%, and 0.44%, respectively, and dEB was 250 mEq / kg. The experimental period was 30 days. The piglets had free access to food and water, and were immunized and raised according to routine procedures.

[0049] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain of piglets in the EBLP group was significantly increased, the feed-to-weight ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the levels of methionine, leucine, aspartic acid and arginine in the serum of piglets were significantly increased (P<0.05), the mRNA expression of amino acid transporters ASCT2, B0AT1 and CAT1 in the jejunal mucosa of piglets was increased (P<0.05), the jejunal TER value was increased (P<0.05), the jejunal FD4 permeability was decreased (P<0.05), the protein expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 in the jejunal mucosa was increased (P<0.05), the mitochondrial ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells was improved, and the expression levels of mTORC1 signaling pathway proteins p-4EBP1 / 4EBP1, p-mTOR / mTOR and p-S6K1 / S6K1 were increased (P<0.05). The results showed that EBLP can significantly improve the intestinal health of piglets, improve the growth performance of piglets, and promote the absorption, metabolism and efficient utilization of amino acids. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the improvement effect of the EBLP group on the above indicators was better than that of the high dEB group (P>0.05).

[0050] The above results show that adding EBLP to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for piglets can significantly relieve piglet diarrhea, improve piglet growth performance, improve piglet intestinal health, and promote amino acid absorption, metabolism and efficient utilization. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBLP, the EBLP group with dEB of 182mEq / kg has better application effect than the high dEB group with dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutritional Requirements).

[0051] The above-described embodiments are only some preferred implementations of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the relevant technical field may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein diets for piglets, characterized in that The composition is: 40-54 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 27-40 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate, 2-30 parts by weight of potassium-containing zeolite and 2-4 parts by weight of hydrotalcite.

2. The electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein diets for piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that The granularity of the potassium-containing zeolite is 300-400 meshes, and the potassium content in the zeolite is 2-5%.

3. The electrolyte balance regulator for low-protein diets for piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that The hydrotalcite is Mg-Al hydrotalcite.

4. A low-protein feed for piglets added with the electrolyte balance regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The low-protein feed for piglets according to claim 4, characterized in that: The addition amount of the electrolyte balance regulator in the feed is 0.2wt.% to 0.5wt.%.