Device and method for preparing multi-component product by pyrolyzing multi-source organic solid waste

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing a multi-component product by pyrolyzing multi-source organic solid waste, which can realize one-step preparation of biomass activated carbon and can recycle fuel oil generated by pyrolyzing the organic solid waste. Pyrolysis gas and tar generated by carbonization and pyrolysis of biomass, rubber and plastic and other multi-source organic solid waste are condensed through a condenser, the pyrolysis gas enters a combustor to be fully combusted, when the pyrolysis gas is insufficient, a natural gas valve is adjusted, part of natural gas is added for coupling combustion, and combusted flue gas provides energy for an activation furnace, a pyrolysis furnace and a carbonization furnace in sequence; subsequently, tail gas discharged from a gas outlet of the carbonization furnace exchanges heat with water through a heat exchanger, and the water is gasified into water vapor from liquid and enters the activation furnace to provide an activating agent for the biomass activation process; tar enters a fuel oil tank after being condensed, and can be used as emergency energy when fuel gas is insufficient to be atomized and sprayed into a combustor for combustion to provide heat energy. According to the device, the whole technological process of carbonizing the biomass precursor and then activating the biomass precursor with water vapor is realized, and meanwhile, the high-value fuel oil is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, and in particular to a device and method for preparing multi-products by pyrolyzing multi-source organic solid waste. Background Art

[0002] Using biomass as a precursor to prepare activated carbon can realize the resource utilization of waste, help reduce environmental pollution, and promote the development of a circular economy. Existing activated carbon preparation devices are mainly carbonization furnaces and activation furnaces. It is difficult to achieve the entire carbonization-activation process with one set of devices. If the pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas products produced during the preparation process are not properly handled, it will cause resource waste. During the carbonization and activation process, the energy utilization efficiency is low. At present, the preparation of activated carbon has the disadvantages of discontinuous production process, relatively high energy consumption, low heat utilization efficiency, and complex process and structure. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a device and method for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste, which can realize the one-step preparation of biomass activated carbon and at the same time recycle the fuel oil produced by pyrolysis of organic solid waste.

[0004] The object of the present invention is achieved in that:

[0005] A device for preparing multi-products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste, comprising a carbonization furnace (1), a pyrolysis furnace (12) and an activation furnace (22), wherein the carbonization furnace (1) and the pyrolysis furnace (12) are arranged side by side, a first screw feeding device (16) is installed on one side of the pyrolysis furnace (12), the first screw feeding device (16) has a first feeding port (15), a second screw feeding device (33) is installed on one side of the carbonization furnace (1), the second screw feeding device has a second feeding port (34), the activation furnace (22) is located below the carbonization furnace (1) and is connected to the upper part of the carbonization furnace (1), and the upper parts of the carbonization furnace (1) and the pyrolysis furnace (12) are both provided with pyrolysis gas outlets;

[0006] The carbonization furnace (1) is covered with a carbonization furnace jacket (5), the pyrolysis furnace (12) is covered with a pyrolysis furnace jacket (13), and the activation furnace (22) is covered with an activation furnace jacket (23). The carbonization furnace jacket (5) has a carbonization furnace air inlet (6) and a carbonization furnace air outlet (30), the pyrolysis furnace jacket (13) has a pyrolysis furnace air inlet (11) and a pyrolysis furnace air outlet (20), the activation furnace jacket (23) has an activation furnace air inlet (26) and an activation furnace air outlet (21), and the activation furnace (22) is also provided with an activation furnace water vapor inlet (27);

[0007] The invention also comprises a burner (8), wherein the smoke outlet of the burner (8) is connected to the air inlet (26) of the activation furnace, the air outlet (21) of the activation furnace is connected to the air inlet (11) of the pyrolysis furnace, the air outlet (20) of the pyrolysis furnace is connected to the air inlet (6) of the carbonization furnace, the air outlet (30) of the carbonization furnace is connected to the heating channel of the heat exchanger (28), one end of the heating channel of the heat exchanger (28) is connected to the water pump (29), and the other end is connected to the water vapor inlet (27) of the activation furnace, the pyrolysis gas outlets of the carbonization furnace (1) and the pyrolysis furnace (12) are respectively connected to the inlet of the condenser (7), and the pyrolysis gas outlet of the condenser (7) is connected to the fuel inlet of the burner (8).

[0008] Preferably, a conical spiral mechanism (4) is installed inside the carbonization furnace, the small diameter end of the conical spiral mechanism (4) corresponds to the discharge end of the second spiral feeding device (33), the large diameter end of the conical spiral mechanism (4) corresponds to the upper part of the carbonization furnace (1), and the small diameter end of the conical spiral mechanism (4) extends out of the carbonization furnace and is connected to the screw motor (31).

[0009] Preferably, the conical spiral mechanism (4) has a spiral blade (3), and a wall column (2) is provided in the carbonization furnace (1) corresponding to the spiral blade (3), and a carbonization feed channel is formed between the spiral blade (3) and the wall column (2).

[0010] Preferably, an agitator (14) is installed in the pyrolysis furnace (12), and one end of the agitator (14) extends out of the pyrolysis furnace (12) and is connected to the agitator motor (18).

[0011] Preferably, a pyrolysis furnace discharge port (19) is provided at the lower portion of the pyrolysis furnace (12), and an activated carbon outlet (24) is provided at the lower portion of the activation furnace (22).

[0012] Preferably, an activation plate (25) is provided inside the activation furnace (22), holes are distributed on the activation plate (25), and the activation plate (25) is provided with an oblique deceleration plate arranged in steps along the feeding direction.

[0013] Preferably, the fuel inlet of the burner (8) is also connected to a natural gas source via a natural gas valve (9).

[0014] Preferably, the tar outlet of the condenser (7) is connected to the inlet of the fuel oil tank (10), and the outlet of the fuel oil tank (10) is connected to the fuel inlet of the burner (8).

[0015] A method for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste, and a device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste.

[0016] Carbonization process in the carbonization furnace (1):

[0017] The biomass enters the carbonization furnace (1) through the second feed port (34) and the second spiral feed device (33). The biomass is heated by the high-temperature flue gas in the jacket (5) of the carbonization furnace and gradually carbonized from the outside to the inside. The conical spiral mechanism (4) pushes the carbonized material forward. The carbonized material falls off under the pressure of the spiral blades (3) and the wall column (2), so that the uncarbonized biomass begins to be carbonized. The generated pyrolysis gas and tar enter the condenser (7) for condensation.

[0018] Pyrolysis process in the pyrolysis furnace (12):

[0019] Organic solid wastes such as rubber and plastic enter the pyrolysis furnace (12) through the first feed port (15) and the first screw feed device (16), and the stirrer (14) operates to fully exchange heat between the organic solid wastes such as rubber and plastic and the high-temperature flue gas in the pyrolysis furnace jacket (13). The organic solid wastes such as rubber and plastic are pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace (12), and the generated pyrolysis gas and tar enter the condenser (7) for condensation;

[0020] Activation process in the activation furnace (22):

[0021] The biomass carbonized material after carbonization in the carbonization furnace (1) enters the activation plate (25) in the activation furnace (22), and the water vapor inlet (27) of the activation furnace provides water vapor activating agent for the activation process;

[0022] The high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner (8) enters the activation furnace jacket (23) to provide sufficient heat for the activation process, and the temperature is 1000-1200°C. Afterwards, the high-temperature flue gas enters the pyrolysis furnace jacket (13) to provide sufficient heat for the pyrolysis process, and the temperature is 800-900°C. Afterwards, the high-temperature flue gas enters the carbonization furnace jacket (5) to provide sufficient heat for the carbonization process, and the temperature is 650°C-750°C.

[0023] Preferably, the pyrolysis gas enters the burner (8) for combustion, and the insufficient heat is regulated by the natural gas valve (9) to control the natural gas flow rate, and the tar in the fuel oil tank (10) is used as an emergency energy source when the natural gas is insufficient.

[0024] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention uses the pyrolysis gas generated by natural gas, biomass, and organic solid wastes such as rubber and plastic as the heat source, which makes up for the shortcoming that the pyrolysis gas of single biomass has low heat and is difficult to provide heat for carbonization-activation at the same time. At the same time, it also solves the problem of difficulty in recycling and reusing the pyrolysis gas of organic solid wastes such as biomass and rubber and plastic, and the heat energy is used in a cascade manner to provide heat energy for the activation furnace, pyrolysis furnace, and carbonization furnace in turn, thereby reducing energy consumption. The biomass activated carbon adopts a water vapor activation method to realize the entire process flow of carbonization-activation; the pyrolysis gas of organic solid waste is used as a heat source to reduce energy consumption and improve overall efficiency, and the prepared fuel oil can be used as an emergency energy source when natural gas is insufficient, and sprayed into the burner to provide heat for the carbonization-activation process. The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention is a device and method for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste, which has a simple structure and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0026] 2. The present invention is to burn the pyrolysis gas produced by organic solid waste such as biomass and rubber and plastic to produce high-temperature flue gas (1000-1200℃), which is then passed into the activation furnace (800-900℃), pyrolysis furnace (about 700℃) and carbonization furnace (400-500℃) in sequence. When the pyrolysis gas flow is insufficient and the heat energy is insufficient, part of the natural gas is coupled to be burned to increase the heat energy of the flue gas. The heat energy is cascaded to improve the energy utilization efficiency.

[0027] 3. Compared with the traditional carbonization and activation device, the present invention introduces high calorific value organic solid waste such as rubber and plastic. The high calorific value pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis is converted into high-temperature flue gas through a burner, which provides energy for the carbonization and activation process, reduces the use of external energy, and obtains fuel oil at the same time. According to the organic components in the domestic waste, they can be processed at the same time.

[0028] 4. The fuel oil obtained by the present invention can be used as an emergency energy source when fuel gas is insufficient to provide energy for the carbonization activation process.

[0029] 5. The conical spiral mechanism can thin the material, and the wall column can scrape off the material to ensure full carbonization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the activation board.

[0032] Reference numerals DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 A device for preparing multi-products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste comprises a carbonization furnace 1, a pyrolysis furnace 12 and an activation furnace 22, characterized in that: a second spiral feeding device 33 is installed on the left side of the carbonization furnace 1, a second feeding port 34 is provided on the upper left of the second spiral feeding device, a conical spiral mechanism 4 is installed inside the carbonization furnace, a spiral motor 31 is connected to one side of the conical spiral mechanism 4, a carbonization furnace jacket 5 is provided on the outside of the carbonization furnace 1, and a carbonization furnace air inlet 6 and a carbonization furnace air outlet 30 are respectively provided on both sides, the carbonization furnace air inlet 6 is connected to the pyrolysis furnace air outlet 20, the carbonization furnace air outlet 30 is connected to the heat exchanger 28, the carbonization furnace 1 is connected to the activation furnace 22 at the bottom, the conical spiral mechanism 4 has spiral slices 3, and a wall column 2 is provided in the carbonization furnace 1 corresponding to the spiral slices 3.

[0034] The pyrolysis furnace 12 is arranged on the right side of the carbonization furnace 1, and a first spiral feeding device 16 is installed on the right side of the pyrolysis furnace 12, and a first feeding port 15 is arranged on the upper right side of the first spiral feeding device 16. A stirrer 14 is installed inside the pyrolysis furnace 12, and a stirrer motor 18 is connected to the right side of the stirrer 14. A pyrolysis furnace jacket 13 is provided on the outside of the pyrolysis furnace 12, and a pyrolysis furnace air inlet 11 and a pyrolysis furnace air outlet 20 are respectively provided on both sides. The pyrolysis furnace air inlet 11 is connected to the activation furnace air outlet 21, and the pyrolysis furnace air outlet 20 is connected to the carbonization furnace air inlet 6. A pyrolysis furnace outlet 19 is provided on the right side of the pyrolysis furnace 12.

[0035] The activation furnace 22 is arranged below the carbonization furnace 1 and connected to the end of the carbonization furnace 1. An activation plate 25 is arranged inside the activation furnace 22. Small holes are distributed on the activation plate 25 to facilitate heat exchange and the passage of water vapor to react with the carbonized material. An activation furnace jacket 23 is arranged on the outside of the activation furnace 22. An activation furnace air inlet 26 and an activation furnace air outlet 21 are respectively arranged on both sides. The activation furnace air inlet 26 is connected to the burner 8, and the activation furnace air outlet 21 is connected to the pyrolysis furnace air inlet 11. An activated carbon outlet 24 is arranged on the right side of the activation furnace 22.

[0036] The lower side of the condenser 7 is connected to the pyrolysis gas of the carbonization furnace 1 and the pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis furnace 12, the right side is connected to the fuel oil tank 10, and the upper side is connected to the burner 8.

[0037] The burner 8 is connected to the condenser 7 at its lower side and to the natural gas valve 9 at its right side. The burner 8 is connected to the fuel oil tank 10 .

[0038] A method for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste:

[0039] During the carbonization process of the carbonization furnace 1, the biomass enters the second spiral feeding device 33 through the second feeding port 34, and enters the carbonization furnace 1 driven by the second motor 32. The biomass begins to be gradually carbonized from the outside to the inside under the heating of the high-temperature flue gas of the carbonization furnace jacket 5. The conical spiral mechanism 4 pushes the carbonized material forward under the action of the spiral motor 31. The carbonized material falls off under the squeezing of the spiral blades 3 and the wall columns 2, and the uncarbonized biomass begins to be carbonized, thereby improving the carbonization efficiency.

[0040] During the pyrolysis process of the pyrolysis furnace 12, organic solid waste such as rubber and plastic enters the first spiral feeding device 16 through the first feeding port 15, and enters the pyrolysis furnace 12 driven by the first motor 17. The agitator 14, driven by the agitator motor 18, fully exchanges heat between the organic solid waste such as rubber and plastic and the high-temperature flue gas in the pyrolysis furnace jacket 13. The high-temperature flue gas flows in through the pyrolysis furnace air inlet 11 and is discharged from the pyrolysis furnace air outlet 20. The organic solid waste such as rubber and plastic is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace 12, and the generated pyrolysis gas and tar enter the condenser 7 for condensation.

[0041] During the activation process of the activation furnace 22, the activation furnace 22 is arranged below the carbonization furnace 1 and is connected to the end of the carbonization furnace 1. The biomass carbonized material after carbonization in the carbonization furnace 1 enters the activation plate 25 in the activation furnace. The water vapor inlet 27 of the activation furnace is connected to the heat exchanger 28 to provide a water vapor activator for the activation process. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner 8 enters the activation furnace jacket 23 through the activation furnace air inlet 26 to provide sufficient heat for the activation process.

[0042] The pyrolysis gas and tar produced by the carbonization furnace 1 and the pyrolysis furnace 12 are condensed by the condenser 7. The tar enters the fuel oil tank 10 as a multi-product and also an emergency energy source when the gas is insufficient. The pyrolysis gas enters the burner 8 and fully burns with an appropriate amount of natural gas to produce high-temperature flue gas (1000-1200℃), which enters the activation furnace (800-900℃)-pyrolysis furnace (about 700℃)-carbonization furnace (400-500℃) in sequence. The thermal energy is used in a cascade manner to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy consumption. The tail gas discharged from the carbonization furnace outlet exchanges heat with the liquid water in the heat exchanger, and the liquid water is vaporized into water vapor, which enters the activation furnace through the water vapor inlet. The water vapor gasification agent reacts with the biomass carbonization material to generate an activated carbon product with a high specific surface area.

[0043] The pyrolysis gas and tar produced by carbonization and pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste such as biomass and rubber and plastic are condensed by the condenser, and the pyrolysis gas enters the burner for full combustion. When the pyrolysis gas flow is insufficient, the natural gas valve is adjusted to add some natural gas for coupled combustion. The high-temperature flue gas produced after combustion provides energy for the activation furnace-pyrolysis furnace-carbonization furnace in turn. The tail gas discharged from the carbonization furnace outlet is subsequently exchanged with water through a heat exchanger. The water is gasified from liquid to water vapor and enters the activation furnace to provide an activator for the biomass activation process; the tar enters the fuel oil tank after condensation and is sprayed into the burner as an emergency energy source when natural gas is insufficient to provide heat energy. The full process flow of carbonization of biomass precursors first and then water vapor activation is realized, and high-value fuel oil is obtained at the same time.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste, comprising a carbonization furnace (1), a pyrolysis furnace (12) and an activation furnace (22), characterized in that: The carbonization furnace (1) and the pyrolysis furnace (12) are arranged side by side, a first screw feeding device (16) is installed on one side of the pyrolysis furnace (12), the first screw feeding device (16) has a first feeding port (15), a second screw feeding device (33) is installed on one side of the carbonization furnace (1), the second screw feeding device (33) has a second feeding port (34), the activation furnace (22) is located below the carbonization furnace (1) and is connected to the upper part of the carbonization furnace (1), and the upper parts of the carbonization furnace (1) and the pyrolysis furnace (12) are both provided with pyrolysis gas outlets; The carbonization furnace (1) is covered with a carbonization furnace jacket (5), the pyrolysis furnace (12) is covered with a pyrolysis furnace jacket (13), and the activation furnace (22) is covered with an activation furnace jacket (23). The carbonization furnace jacket (5) has a carbonization furnace air inlet (6) and a carbonization furnace air outlet (30), the pyrolysis furnace jacket (13) has a pyrolysis furnace air inlet (11) and a pyrolysis furnace air outlet (20), the activation furnace jacket (23) has an activation furnace air inlet (26) and an activation furnace air outlet (21), and the activation furnace (22) is also provided with an activation furnace water vapor inlet (27); The invention also comprises a burner (8), wherein the smoke outlet of the burner (8) is connected to the air inlet (26) of the activation furnace, the air outlet (21) of the activation furnace is connected to the air inlet (11) of the pyrolysis furnace, the air outlet (20) of the pyrolysis furnace is connected to the air inlet (6) of the carbonization furnace, the air outlet (30) of the carbonization furnace is connected to the heating channel of the heat exchanger (28), one end of the heating channel of the heat exchanger (28) is connected to the water pump (29), and the other end is connected to the water vapor inlet (27) of the activation furnace, the pyrolysis gas outlets of the carbonization furnace (1) and the pyrolysis furnace (12) are respectively connected to the inlet of the condenser (7), and the pyrolysis gas outlet of the condenser (7) is connected to the fuel inlet of the burner (8).

2. The device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conical spiral mechanism (4) is installed inside the carbonization furnace, the small diameter end of the conical spiral mechanism (4) corresponds to the discharge end of the second spiral feeding device (33), the large diameter end of the conical spiral mechanism (4) corresponds to the upper part of the carbonization furnace (1), and the small diameter end of the conical spiral mechanism (4) extends out of the carbonization furnace and is connected to the spiral motor (31).

3. The device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conical spiral mechanism (4) has a spiral sheet (3), and a wall column (2) is provided in the carbonization furnace (1) corresponding to the spiral sheet (3), and a carbonization feed channel is formed between the spiral sheet (3) and the wall column (2).

4. The device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stirrer (14) is installed in the pyrolysis furnace (12), one end of the stirrer (14) extends out of the pyrolysis furnace (12) and is connected to a stirrer motor (18).

5. The device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pyrolysis furnace discharge port (19) is provided at the lower portion of the pyrolysis furnace (12), and an activated carbon outlet (24) is provided at the lower portion of the activation furnace (22).

6. The device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: An activation plate (25) is arranged inside the activation furnace (22), holes are distributed on the activation plate (25), and an oblique deceleration plate is arranged in steps along the feeding direction on the activation plate (25).

7. The device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel inlet of the burner (8) is also connected to a natural gas source via a natural gas valve (9).

8. The device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tar outlet of the condenser (7) is connected to the inlet of the fuel oil tank (10), and the outlet of the fuel oil tank (10) is connected to the fuel inlet of the burner (8).

9. A method for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste, characterized in that: The device for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste as claimed in claim 1 is used. Carbonization process in the carbonization furnace (1): The biomass enters the carbonization furnace (1) through the second feed port (34) and the second spiral feed device (33). The biomass is heated by the high-temperature flue gas in the jacket (5) of the carbonization furnace and gradually carbonized from the outside to the inside. The conical spiral mechanism (4) pushes the carbonized material forward. The carbonized material falls off under the pressure of the spiral blades (3) and the wall column (2), so that the uncarbonized biomass begins to be carbonized. The generated pyrolysis gas and tar enter the condenser (7) for condensation. Pyrolysis process in the pyrolysis furnace (12): Organic solid wastes such as rubber and plastic enter the pyrolysis furnace (12) through the first feed port (15) and the first screw feed device (16), and the stirrer (14) operates to fully exchange heat between the organic solid wastes such as rubber and plastic and the high-temperature flue gas in the pyrolysis furnace jacket (13). The organic solid wastes such as rubber and plastic are pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace (12), and the generated pyrolysis gas and tar enter the condenser (7) for condensation; Activation process in the activation furnace (22): The biomass carbonized material after carbonization in the carbonization furnace (1) enters the activation plate (25) in the activation furnace (22), and the water vapor inlet (27) of the activation furnace provides water vapor activating agent for the activation process; The high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner (8) enters the activation furnace jacket (23) to provide sufficient heat for the activation process, and the temperature is 1000-1200°C. Afterwards, the high-temperature flue gas enters the pyrolysis furnace jacket (13) to provide sufficient heat for the pyrolysis process, and the temperature is 800-900°C. Afterwards, the high-temperature flue gas enters the carbonization furnace jacket (5) to provide sufficient heat for the carbonization process, and the temperature is 650°C-750°C.

10. The method for preparing multiple products by pyrolysis of multi-source organic solid waste according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pyrolysis gas enters the burner (8) for combustion, and the insufficient heat is regulated by the natural gas valve (9) to control the natural gas flow to participate in the combustion. The tar in the fuel oil tank (10) can be used as an emergency energy source when the natural gas is insufficient, and is atomized and enters the burner to assist combustion.

Images