Rapid monitoring device and method for ballast water

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid monitoring device and method for ballast water, relates to the technical field of ballast water monitoring, and provides a more reliable, rapid, effective and standardized monitoring method, a portable device and an enrichment device for entry and exit inspection and quarantine departments. The device comprises a box body, a connecting flange arranged outside the box body and an enrichment device located outside the box body and used for enriching ballast water environment DNA related substances, an inner cavity of the box body is hollow, a positive pressure pump is fixed in the inner cavity of the box body, and a negative pressure pump is fixed in the inner cavity of the box body. A water delivery port and a water discharge port are formed in the box body, the connecting flange is communicated with the water delivery port of the box body through a connecting pipe, a water inlet of the positive pressure pump is communicated with the water delivery port of the box body through a pipeline, a water outlet of the positive pressure pump is communicated with a water inlet of the enrichment device through a pipeline, and a water outlet of the enrichment device is communicated with the water discharge port of the box body through a pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ballast water monitoring, and in particular to a device and method for rapid monitoring of ballast water. Background Art

[0002] With the need for global ecological diversity detection and assessment and ecological health diagnosis, in aquatic ecology, the prevention and control of biological invasions, the protection of endangered species, the evaluation of biodiversity and the assessment of biomass have become common environmental protection behaviors.

[0003] During the voyage, the ballast water of international ships is constantly exchanged with the outside world, which may bring various aquatic organisms and microorganisms. Under normal working conditions, ballast water is required to be exchanged in the high seas or near the coast before entering the country. It is treated and discharged in the port according to the situation. Although it has been treated, it may not be thoroughly treated, resulting in the entry of important invasive species or pathogenic microorganisms into the port, which will spread to the port area and multiply locally, threatening the local ecological environment and human health, and causing various threats. At present, the health and epidemic prevention departments of transit ports are responsible for monitoring the hazards of ballast water of international ships. Among them, ballast water installed in cholera-epidemic areas, ballast water installed from other intestinal infectious disease epidemic areas, ballast water installed from non-epidemic areas of the above-mentioned infectious handles but discharged at the berthing port, imported old steel ships and repaired ships ballast water, and other ballast water required to be monitored by the state shall be subject to health monitoring. According to the Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China (SN / T The key monitoring items in the "Microbiological Monitoring Procedures for Ballast Water of Inbound and Outbound Ships" (1875-2007) mainly include hygienic indicator bacteria, Salmonella, Shigella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus and other microorganisms for monitoring.

[0004] The standard also stipulates the monitoring methods for the above-mentioned different microorganisms (see the test methods in the test procedures for details). The operation includes sampling a certain amount of ballast water through a natural diversion pipe to a 50um plankton collection net for enrichment, and finally backwashing the residual material in the collection net and collecting the backwash liquid to the laboratory for subsequent re-enrichment, lysis, purification, amplification, electrophoresis, and gel imaging processing to determine the results. However, the existing ballast water monitoring methods have problems such as difficult standardization of sampling processes, slow enrichment speed, simple sampling equipment, easy contamination of environmental samples, inconvenient carrying of water samples, repetitive work, and incomplete monitoring objects. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a rapid monitoring device for ballast water, comprising a box body, a connecting flange arranged outside the box body, and an enricher located outside the box body and used for enriching environmental DNA-related substances in ballast water. The inner cavity of the box body is hollow, and a positive pressure pump is fixed in the inner cavity of the box body. A water inlet and a drain outlet are provided on the box body. The connecting flange is connected to the water inlet of the box body through a connecting pipe, the water inlet of the positive pressure pump is connected to the water inlet of the box body through a pipeline, the water outlet of the positive pressure pump is connected to the water inlet of the enricher through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the enricher is connected to the drain outlet of the box body through a pipeline.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the ballast water drainage pipe is connected to the connecting pipe through the connecting flange. The ballast water enters the water inlet of the box through the connecting pipe through the positive pressure pump. The ballast water entering the water inlet of the box enters the enricher. The environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water are enriched by the enricher. The remaining ballast water is discharged through the drainage port of the box. After that, the enricher is removed and the sampled enricher is sent to the laboratory. Based on the mature equipment and process of environmental DNA technology, the elution, DNA extraction, purification, fragment amplification, QPCR technology real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system are accurately Accurately and quickly determine the targeted species monitoring in the water body, so as to achieve the analysis, monitoring and management of the ballast water environment, provide data support for the early warning and monitoring of invasive species in the water environment, and provide technical support for the standardization of ballast water monitoring methods, management and protection policy formulation of the testing department, realize the rapid monitoring of invasive species in ballast water, and provide a more reliable, fast, effective and standardized monitoring method for the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department, solving the problems of slow enrichment speed, simple sampling equipment, easy contamination of environmental samples, inconvenient water sample carrying, repetitive work and incomplete monitoring objects.

[0007] Furthermore, a V1 solenoid valve is provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump and the enricher, the water outlet of the positive pressure pump is connected to the water inlet of the V1 solenoid valve through a pipeline, the water outlet of the V1 solenoid valve is connected to the water inlet of the enricher through a pipeline, and a pressure regulating pipeline is provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump and the V1 solenoid valve.

[0008] Through the above technical scheme, the V1 solenoid valve is used to control the on-off of the pipeline between the positive pressure pump and the enricher, and the pipeline flow is controlled by the pressure regulating pipeline, so as to adjust the ballast water flow and pressure entering the enricher.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressure regulating pipeline includes a pressure regulating valve, the pipeline between the positive pressure pump and the V1 solenoid valve is connected to the water inlet of the pressure regulating valve through the pipeline, and the water outlet of the pressure regulating valve is connected to the drain outlet of the box through the pipeline.

[0010] Through the above technical solution, part of the ballast water entering the positive pressure pump enters the enricher through the V1 solenoid valve, and the other part enters the pressure regulating valve. The pressure regulating valve is a valve used to control pipeline flow and guidance. It controls the diversion in the pipeline through manual opening, closing or adjustment, thereby achieving the adjustment of the ballast water flow and pressure entering the enricher, thereby protecting the pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the box body is provided with an air inlet, and the box body is provided with a drain pipeline that cooperates with the air inlet and discharges all the ballast water remaining in the enricher.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, when the ballast water flow through the enricher reaches the set value, the positive pressure pump and the V1 solenoid valve are closed, and the ballast water remaining in the enricher is completely discharged through the emptying pipeline to achieve the purpose of emptying the enricher.

[0013] Furthermore, the emptying pipeline includes a V2 solenoid valve, the input port of the V2 solenoid valve is connected to the air inlet of the box through a pipeline, the output port of the V2 solenoid valve is connected to the pipeline between the V1 solenoid valve and the enricher, a negative pressure pump is provided on the pipeline between the enricher and the drain outlet of the box, the water outlet of the enricher is connected to the water inlet of the negative pressure pump through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the negative pressure pump is connected to the water inlet of the box through a pipeline.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, when the amount of enriched water reaches the set value, the system controls to close the positive pressure pump and V1 solenoid valve, and to open the V2 solenoid valve and the negative pressure pump. Through the action of the negative pressure pump, air is sucked through the air inlet, and the residual ballast water in the enricher is discharged from the drain port of the box through the negative pressure pump, thereby achieving the purpose of emptying the enricher.

[0015] Furthermore, the enricher includes an outer shell, which is a tubular structure with a hollow inner cavity and openings at both upper and lower ends. A filter element A is arranged inside the enricher, and the filter element A is a tubular structure with a hollow inner cavity and openings at both upper and lower ends. The outer diameter of the filter element A is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer shell, and the center line of the outer shell coincides with the center line of the filter element A. An upper cover is fixed to the top of the outer shell for closing the top opening part of the outer shell and the top opening part of the filter element A, and an upper joint is provided on the upper cover for communicating with the inner cavity of the outer shell and facilitating water inlet, and a lower cover is fixed to the bottom end of the outer shell for closing the bottom opening part of the outer shell and the bottom opening part of the filter element A, and a lower joint is provided on the lower cover for communicating with the inner cavity of the filter element A and facilitating water drainage.

[0016] Through the above technical scheme, the ballast water enters the cavity formed by the outer shell, the upper cover, the lower cover and the outside of the A filter element through the upper joint, then enters the inner cavity of the A filter element after being filtered by the A filter element, and is discharged through the lower joint connected to the inner cavity of the A filter element. Through the cooperation between the outer shell, the upper cover, the lower cover and the A filter element, the ballast water entering the inner cavity of the outer shell through the upper joint cannot enter the inner cavity of the A filter element directly without being filtered by the A filter element and is discharged through the lower joint.

[0017] Furthermore, the connection between the upper cover and the outer shell, the connection between the upper cover and the A filter element, the connection between the lower cover and the outer shell, and the connection between the lower cover and the A filter element are all provided with O-rings to improve sealing performance.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the sealing performance of the connection between the upper cover and the outer shell, the connection between the upper cover and the A filter element, the connection between the lower cover and the outer shell, and the connection between the lower cover and the A filter element is improved by the action of the O-ring, thereby reducing the possibility of ballast water leakage.

[0019] Furthermore, the enricher includes an outer cover, the inner cavity of the outer cover is hollow, an upper end tube connected to the inner cavity of the outer cover is provided in the middle position of the top end of the outer cover, a B filter element is fixed in the middle position of the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer cover, the center line of the B filter element coincides with the center line of the outer shell, the outer diameter of the B filter element is smaller than the diameter of the inner cavity of the outer cover, the inner cavity of the B filter element is hollow, and a lower end tube connected to the inner cavity of the B filter element is fixed in the middle position of the bottom end of the outer cover.

[0020] Through the above technical scheme, the cavity formed by the upper end tube and the inner cavity of the outer cover and the cavity formed by the inner cavity of the B filter element and the lower end tube are two cavities that are not connected to each other. Therefore, the ballast water enters the inner cavity of the outer cover through the upper end tube. Through the action of the B filter element, the ballast water can only enter the inner cavity of the B filter element through the B filter element but cannot directly enter the lower end tube. The environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water are enriched in the enricher, and the remaining ballast water is discharged through the lower end tube connected to the inner cavity of the B filter element.

[0021] A method for rapid monitoring of ballast water, the specific steps are as follows:

[0022] Step 1: sterilize the standardized enricher at high temperature;

[0023] Step 2: Bring the standardized enricher to the site, build the pipeline between the water inlet of the tank and the ballast water drainage pipe through the connecting flange and the connecting pipe, and connect the enricher to the tank;

[0024] Step 3: Enriching environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water in an enricher;

[0025] Step 4: Bring the sampled enrichment device to the laboratory. Based on the mature equipment and processes of environmental DNA technology, the targeted species monitoring in the water body can be accurately and quickly determined through elution, DNA extraction, purification, fragment amplification, and QPCR technology real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system.

[0026] In summary, the device and method for rapid monitoring of ballast water have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The device and method for rapid monitoring of ballast water, through the function of the connecting flange, facilitates the connection between the ballast water drainage pipe and the connecting pipe. Through the function of the positive pressure pump, the ballast water enters the water inlet of the box through the connecting pipe, and the ballast water entering the water inlet of the box enters the enricher. The environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water are enriched by the enricher, and the remaining ballast water is discharged through the drainage port of the box. After that, the enricher is removed and the sampled enricher is sent to the laboratory. Based on the mature equipment and process of environmental DNA technology, the ballast water is eluted, extracted, purified, amplified, and the real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification of QPCR technology is carried out. The detection system can accurately and quickly determine the targeted species monitoring in the water body, so as to achieve the analysis, monitoring and management of the ballast water environment, provide data support for the early warning and monitoring of invasive species in the water environment, and provide technical support for the standardization of ballast water monitoring methods, management and protection policy formulation of the detection department, realize the rapid monitoring of invasive species in ballast water, and provide a more reliable, fast, effective and standardized monitoring method for the entry-exit inspection and quarantine departments, solving the problems of slow enrichment speed, simple sampling equipment, easy contamination of environmental samples, inconvenient water sample carrying, repetitive work and incomplete monitoring objects.

[0028] (2) The device and method for rapid monitoring of ballast water, through the action of a negative pressure pump, sucks air from the air inlet, and discharges the residual ballast water in the enricher from the drain port of the box through the negative pressure pump. The positive pressure and negative pressure are combined to achieve the purpose of rapid and speed-adjustable enrichment sampling, improve the enrichment efficiency and meet the needs of various sampling and enrichment conditions, and achieve the maximum enrichment of total environmental DNA within a quantitative time, saving manpower, material resources, and time costs.

[0029] (3) The device and method for rapid monitoring of ballast water can adjust the sampling enrichment speed at any time according to the sampling environment through a pressure regulating pipeline to meet the full coverage of the sample sampling environment.

[0030] (4) The ballast water rapid monitoring device and method adopts a pressure-bearing seal and tubular filter element structure in the enrichment device, which is small in size and large in filtering area, meeting the needs of large-capacity, high-pressure rapid enrichment. It is more effective in evaluating special species (such as endangered species), and is suitable for more complex aquatic ecological eDNA sample full coverage enrichment environments. The sampling process and enrichment device are easy to standardize and promote.

[0031] (5) The rapid monitoring device and method for ballast water adopts enrichment, emptying and other processes in the sampling process and a rapid disassembly and assembly structure of the enricher, which can easily meet the standardization of the sampling process and the modularization of the enricher product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention will be further described and explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention for reflecting the code scanning window;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a box body according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter element A of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 is a piping diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a box body according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter element B of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 is a piping diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 It is a control circuit schematic diagram of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure numerals: 1. Box body; 101. Water inlet; 102. Drain outlet; 103. Air inlet; 104. Positive pressure pump; 105. V1 solenoid valve; 106. Pressure regulating valve; 107. V2 solenoid valve; 108. Negative pressure pump; 109. Pressure sensor; 110. V3 solenoid valve; 111. F1 flowmeter; 112. Pressure gauge; 113. F2 flowmeter; 2. Connecting flange; 3. Connecting pipe; 4. Enricher; 401. Housing; 402. Filter element A; 403. Upper cover; 404. Upper joint; 405. Lower cover; 406. Lower joint; 407. O-ring; 408. Outer cover; 409. Upper end pipe; 410. Filter element B; 411. Lower end pipe; 5. Circuit board; 6. Human-machine interface; 7. QR code scanning window; 8. Pressure relief valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be more clearly and completely explained below through description of preferred embodiments of the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-6 A rapid monitoring device for ballast water comprises a box body 1, a connecting flange 2 located outside the box body 1 and connected to the ballast water drainage pipe, and an enricher 4 located outside the box body 1 and used for enriching environmental DNA-related substances in ballast water. The inner cavity of the box body 1 is hollow, and a positive pressure pump 104 is fixed in the inner cavity of the box body 1. A water inlet 101 and a drain outlet 102 are provided on the box body 1. The end of the connecting flange 2 away from the ballast water drainage pipe is connected to the water inlet 101 of the box body 1 through a connecting pipe 3, the water inlet of the positive pressure pump 104 is connected to the water inlet 101 of the box body 1 through a pipeline, the water outlet of the positive pressure pump 104 is connected to the water inlet of the enricher 4 through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the enricher 4 is connected to the drain outlet 102 of the box body 1 through a pipeline.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 and Figure 3, through the action of the connecting flange 2, the ballast water drainage pipe is connected to the connecting pipe 3, and through the action of the positive pressure pump 104, the ballast water enters the water inlet 101 of the box 1 through the connecting pipe 3, and the ballast water entering the water inlet 101 of the box 1 enters the enricher 4, and the environmental DNA related substances in the ballast water are enriched by the enricher 4, and the remaining ballast water is discharged through the drainage port 102 of the box 1, and then the enricher 4 is removed, and the sampled enricher 4 is sent to the laboratory. Based on the mature equipment and process of environmental DNA technology, through elution, DNA extraction, purification, fragment amplification, QPCR technology real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid The acid amplification detection system can accurately and quickly determine the targeted species monitoring in the water body, so as to achieve the analysis, monitoring and management of the ballast water environment, provide data support for the early warning and monitoring of invasive species in the water environment, and provide technical support for the standardization of ballast water monitoring methods, management and protection policy formulation of the detection department, realize the rapid monitoring of invasive species in ballast water, and provide a more reliable, fast, effective and standardized monitoring method for the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department, solving the problems of slow enrichment speed, simple sampling equipment, easy contamination of environmental samples, inconvenient water sample carrying, repetitive work and incomplete monitoring objects.

[0047] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 A V1 solenoid valve 105 is provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump 104 and the enricher 4. The water outlet of the positive pressure pump 104 is connected to the water inlet of the V1 solenoid valve 105 through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the V1 solenoid valve 105 is connected to the water inlet of the enricher 4 through a pipeline. The pipeline between the positive pressure pump 104 and the enricher 4 is controlled to be open and closed by the action of the V1 solenoid valve 105.

[0048] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 In order to adjust the flow rate and pressure of the ballast water entering the enricher 4, a pressure regulating pipeline is provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105.

[0049] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 The pressure regulating pipeline includes a pressure regulating valve 106. The pipeline between the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105 is connected to the water inlet of the pressure regulating valve 106 through the pipeline. The water outlet of the pressure regulating valve 106 is connected to the drain port 102 of the box body 1 through the pipeline. A part of the ballast water entering the positive pressure pump 104 enters the enricher 4 through the V1 solenoid valve 105, and the other part enters the pressure regulating valve 106. The pressure regulating valve 106 is a valve used to control the pipeline flow and guide. The diversion in the pipeline is controlled by manual opening, closing or adjustment, so as to adjust the ballast water flow and pressure entering the enricher 4, thereby protecting the pipeline.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 A pressure sensor 109 is provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump 104 and the pressure regulating valve 106, and the pressure of the water flow passing through the pressure regulator is read through the pressure sensor 109.

[0051] like Figure 5 When the ballast water flow through the enricher 4 reaches the set value, the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105 are closed. At this time, the remaining ballast water in the enricher 4 is difficult to discharge, so the box body 1 is provided with an emptying pipeline for discharging all the remaining ballast water in the enricher 4.

[0052] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 The box 1 is also provided with an air inlet 103, and the emptying pipeline includes a V2 solenoid valve 107. The input port of the V2 solenoid valve 107 is connected to the air inlet 103 of the box 1 through a pipeline, and the output port of the V2 solenoid valve 107 is connected to the pipeline between the V1 solenoid valve 105 and the enricher 4. A negative pressure pump 108 is provided on the pipeline between the enricher 4 and the drain port 102 of the box 1, and the water outlet of the enricher 4 is connected to the water inlet of the negative pressure pump 108 through a pipe. The water outlet of the negative pressure pump 108 is connected with the water inlet of the box 1 through a pipeline. When the amount of enriched water reaches the set value, the system controls to close the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105, and open the V2 solenoid valve 107 and the negative pressure pump 108. Through the action of the negative pressure pump 108, the air inlet 103 sucks air, and the residual ballast water in the enricher 4 is discharged from the drain port 102 of the box 1 through the negative pressure pump 108, so as to achieve the purpose of emptying the enricher 4.

[0053] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 A V3 solenoid valve 110 is provided on the pipeline between the enricher 4 and the negative pressure pump 108. The water outlet of the enricher 4 is connected to the water inlet of the V3 solenoid valve 110 through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the V3 solenoid valve 110 is connected to the water inlet of the negative pressure pump 108 through a pipeline. The opening and closing of the pipeline between the enricher 4 and the negative pressure pump 108 is controlled by the action of the V3 solenoid valve 110.

[0054] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 An F1 flowmeter 111 is provided in the pipeline between the negative pressure pump 108 and the drain outlet 102 of the box body 1. The water outlet of the negative pressure pump 108 is connected to the water inlet of the F1 flowmeter 111 through a pipeline. The water outlet of the F1 flowmeter 111 is connected to the drain outlet 102 of the box body 1 through a pipeline. The flow rate of the ballast water in the enricher 4 discharged from the drain outlet 102 is read by the action of the F1 flowmeter 111.

[0055] like Figure 3 and Figure 5One-way valves for controlling the opening and closing of pipelines are provided on the pipelines between the water inlet 101 of the box body 1 and the positive pressure pump 104, the pipelines between the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105, the pipelines between the V3 solenoid valve 110 and the negative pressure pump 108, and the pipelines between the negative pressure pump 108 and the drain outlet 102 of the box body 1.

[0056] like Figure 4 The enricher 4 includes a shell 401, which is a tubular structure with a hollow inner cavity and openings at both ends. A filter element 402 is arranged inside the enricher 4. The filter element 402 is a tubular structure with a hollow inner cavity and openings at both ends. The outer diameter of the filter element 402 is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell 401. The center line of the shell 401 coincides with the center line of the filter element 402. An upper cover 403 is fixed to the top of the shell 401 to close the top opening part of the shell 401 and the top opening part of the filter element 402. An upper joint 404 is arranged on the upper cover 403, which is connected to the inner cavity of the shell 401 and is convenient for water inlet. A lower cover 405 is fixed to the bottom end of the shell 401 to close the bottom opening part of the shell 401 and the bottom opening part of the filter element 402. The lower cover 405 is provided with a lower joint 406 which is connected to the inner cavity of the filter element 402 and is convenient for drainage.

[0057] like Figure 4 O-rings 407 are provided at the connection between the upper cover 403 and the outer shell 401, the connection between the upper cover 403 and the A filter element 402, the connection between the lower cover 405 and the outer shell 401, and the connection between the lower cover 405 and the A filter element 402 to improve the sealing performance. The outer shell 401, the upper cover 403, the A filter element 402 and the lower cover 405 form two cavities that are not connected to each other through the O-ring 407.

[0058] like Figure 4 The ballast water enters the cavity formed by the outer shell 401, the upper cover 403, the lower cover 405 and the A filter element 402 through the upper joint 404, and then enters the inner cavity of the A filter element 402 after being filtered by the A filter element 402, and is discharged through the lower joint 406 connected to the inner cavity of the A filter element 402. Through the cooperation between the outer shell 401, the upper cover 403, the lower cover 405 and the A filter element 402, the ballast water entering the inner cavity of the outer shell 401 through the upper joint 404 cannot enter the inner cavity of the A filter element 402 directly and is discharged through the lower joint 406 without being filtered by the A filter element 402.

[0059] like Figure 4 The housing 401, the upper cover 403, the lower cover 405 and the filter element A 402 can be split or integrated. The filter element A 402 adopts a microporous filter membrane with a filtration accuracy of 2-5um. It has the characteristics of small size, large filtration area, large dirt holding capacity, corrosion resistance, high pressure resistance, low cost, heat resistance, easy sterilization, and easy elution. The filter element A 402 is a tubular or umbrella-shaped structure and can be a multi-layer type made of polyester fiber, polyethersulfone and other materials.

[0060] like Figure 2 The pipeline between the V1 solenoid valve 105 and the enricher 4 passes through the box 1, the upper joint 404 and the part of the pipeline between the V1 solenoid valve 105 and the enricher 4 passing through the box 1 are connected by a quick plug, the pipeline between the water inlet of the V3 solenoid valve 110 and the enricher 4 passes through the box 1, and the lower joint 406 and the part of the pipeline between the water inlet of the V3 solenoid valve 110 and the enricher 4 passing through the box 1 are connected by a quick plug. After the sampling is completed, the upper joint 404 and the lower joint 406 are disassembled from the pipeline by the quick plug, so that the enricher 4 is disconnected from the box 1, and the enricher 4 after sampling is conveniently sent to the laboratory.

[0061] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 A circuit board 5 is also fixed in the box body 1. The circuit board 5 is provided with a control module, a power supply module for powering the device, a wireless module and a code scanning module. The control module is an independently programmable single-chip microcomputer. The power supply module can be a battery, a solar panel or AC power. The power supply module is connected to the circuit board 5 by wire. A human-machine interface 6 and a code scanning window 7 are provided on the outer wall of the box body 1. An identification code is provided on the outer wall of the enricher 4. V1 solenoid valve 105, V2 solenoid valve 107, V3 solenoid valve 110, positive pressure pump 104, negative pressure pump 108, pressure sensor 109, F1 flowmeter 111, code scanning window 7, code scanning module and human-machine interface 6 are connected with the circuit board 5 wiring. V1 solenoid valve 105, V2 solenoid valve 107, V3 solenoid valve 110, positive pressure pump 104, negative pressure pump 108, pressure sensor 109, F1 flowmeter 111, code scanning window 7 and human-machine interface 6 are electrically connected with the control module.

[0062] like Figure 6 The data collected by the pressure sensor 109 and the F1 flow meter 111 are transmitted to the control module. Through the control module, the data collected by the pressure sensor 109 and the F1 flow meter 111 will be displayed in a visual manner on the human-machine interface 6. The control module is also provided with a timer and a memory.

[0063] like Figure 6 , also includes an intelligent display terminal, a server, a GPS and a wireless module are also provided on the circuit board 5, the control module is electrically connected to the GPS, and the GPS is used to transmit the current GPS valid position, longitude, altitude and other data to the designated server through the GPRS or 3G network, and the server is used to identify the position and trajectory on the map software of the intelligent display terminal.

[0064] When in use, firstly, the standardized enricher 4 is sterilized at high temperature. After the device is brought to the site, the identification code of the enricher 4 is identified through the code scanning window 7 of the box 1, and then the water inlet of the box 1 and the ballast water drainage pipe are built through the connecting flange 2 and the connecting pipe 3, and the upper joint 404 and the lower joint 406 of the enricher 4 are respectively connected to the pipeline interface on the box 1 by quick plugs, and the power is turned on to work, and the ballast water is sucked into the pipeline through the connecting pipe 3 by the positive pressure pump 104. The positive pressure pump 104 is a self-priming pump or a submersible pump. Part of the water enters the V1 solenoid valve 105, the enricher 4, the V3 solenoid valve 110, the negative pressure pump 108 and the F1 flow meter 111 in turn, and then discharged through the drain port 102 of the box 1;

[0065] Another part of the ballast water passes through the pressure sensor 109 and the pressure regulating valve 106 in sequence, and then is discharged through the drain port 102 of the box body 1. The pressure of the ballast water in the pipeline is detected by the pressure sensor 109, and the diversion in the pipeline is controlled by the pressure regulating valve 106 to adjust the internal water flow. Under the condition that the flow rate of the water inlet 101 is constant, the ballast water flow entering the enricher 4 is adjusted, and then the pressure passing through the filter element 402 of the enricher 4A is adjusted, so as to adjust the enrichment speed;

[0066] When the ballast water flows through the filter element A 402, the environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water are adsorbed on the surface of the filter element A 402, thereby achieving the purpose of enrichment;

[0067] The ballast water flow setting value flowing through the enricher 4 is set by the control module. When the ballast water flow through the enricher 4 reaches the set value, the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105 are closed, and the V2 solenoid valve 107 and the negative pressure pump 108 are opened. The negative pressure pump 108 is a negative pressure vacuum pump. Through the action of the negative pressure pump 108, the air inlet 103 sucks air, and the residual ballast water in the enricher 4 is discharged from the drain port 102 of the box 1 through the V3 solenoid valve 110, the negative pressure pump 108 and the F1 flow meter 111, so as to achieve the purpose of emptying the enricher 4 and complete the sampling and enrichment process. It has a high degree of intelligence, fast sampling efficiency, and saves time and effort;

[0068] After that, the enricher 4 is removed and the sampled enricher 4 is sent to the laboratory. Based on the mature equipment and process of environmental DNA technology, the targeted species monitoring in the water body is accurately and quickly determined through elution, DNA extraction, purification, fragment amplification, and QPCR technology real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system;

[0069] At the same time, the device control module combines the enricher 4 identification code, sampling time, and location coordinates, and realizes the trajectory marking of the sample sampling location on the map software through GPS and remote control terminals, thereby achieving the location and trajectory positioning identification of the enricher 4 sample.

[0070] Example 2: Based on Figure 1 A rapid monitoring device for ballast water, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0071] See also Figure 7-10 The emptying pipeline also includes a pressure gauge 112 and an F2 flowmeter 113. The pressure gauge 112 and the F2 flowmeter 113 are provided on the pipeline between the V1 solenoid valve 105 and the enricher 4. The water outlet of the V1 solenoid valve 105 is connected to the water inlet of the pressure gauge 112 through a pipeline, the water outlet of the pressure gauge 112 is connected to the water inlet of the F2 flowmeter 113 through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the F2 flowmeter 113 is connected to the water inlet of the enricher 4 through a pipeline. The pressure gauge 112 and the F2 flowmeter 113 are used to monitor the water flow pressure and flow of the ballast water flowing into the enricher 4.

[0072] like Figure 7 and Fig. 9 A pressure relief valve 8 is also provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105. The pipeline between the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105 is connected to the water inlet of the pressure relief valve 8 through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the pressure relief valve 8 is connected to the drain port 102 of the box body 1 through a pipeline. Based on the protection of the pipeline system and the blockage of the enricher 4, when the pipeline pressure flowing through the enricher 4 reaches the threshold value of the pressure relief valve 8, the pressure relief valve 8 automatically opens to relieve pressure, and the water is discharged from the pressure relief valve 8 to the drain port 102, thereby achieving the pipeline purpose of the protection device.

[0073] like Figure 7 and 9 One-way valves are provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump 104 and the pressure regulating valve 106, the pipeline between the enricher 4 and the drain port 102 of the box 1, and the pipeline between the V2 solenoid valve 107 and the F2 flowmeter 113.

[0074] like Figure 7 and 9 The water inlet of the negative pressure pump 108 is connected to the pipeline between the water outlet of the enricher 4 and the water inlet of the one-way valve to form a sealed pipeline, and the water outlet of the negative pressure pump 108 is connected to the pipeline between the water outlet of the one-way valve and the drain port 102 of the box body 1 to form a sealed pipeline.

[0075] like Figure 8 The enricher 4 includes an outer cover 408, which is a tubular structure with a hollow inner cavity and openings at both ends. A B filter element 410 is fixed to the inner cavity of the outer cover 408. The B filter element 410 is preferably a columnar or umbrella-shaped 0.45-micron PES material microporous filter membrane structure. The B filter element 410 is a barrel-shaped structure with a hollow inner cavity, a closed top and an open bottom. The center line of the B filter element 410 coincides with the center line of the inner cavity of the outer cover 408. An upper end tube 409 connected to the inner cavity of the outer cover 408 is fixed on the upper end surface of the outer cover 408, and a lower end tube 411 connected to the inner cavity of the B filter element 410 is fixed on the lower surface of the outer cover 408.

[0076] like Figure 8 The inner cavity of the outer cover 408 and the inner cavity of the B filter element 410 form two cavities that are not connected to each other. Therefore, through the action of the B filter element 410, the ballast water can only enter the inner cavity of the B filter element 410 through the B filter element 410, and the environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water are enriched in the enricher 4, and the remaining ballast water is discharged through the lower end tube 411 connected to the inner cavity of the filter element.

[0077] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 The pipeline between the upper end pipe 409 and the water outlet of the F2 flow meter 113 is connected by a quick plug connector, and the pipeline between the lower end pipe 411 and the one-way valve is connected by a quick plug connector, which is convenient for installation and disassembly of the enricher 4.

[0078] like Fig.10 The F2 flow meter 113 and the pressure gauge 112 are both connected to the circuit board 5 by wires, and the F2 flow meter 113 and the pressure gauge 112 are electrically connected to the control module.

[0079] When in use, firstly, the standardized enricher 4 is sterilized at high temperature, and after the device is brought to the site, the identification code of the enricher 4 is identified through the code scanning window 7 of the box 1, and then the water inlet of the box 1 and the ballast water drainage pipe are built through the connecting flange 2 and the connecting pipe 3, and the upper end pipe 409 and the lower end pipe 411 of the enricher 4 are respectively connected to the pipeline interface on the box 1 by quick plug, and the power is turned on to work, and the ballast water is sucked into the pipeline through the connecting pipe 3 by the positive pressure pump 104, and a part of the water enters the V1 solenoid valve 105, the pressure gauge 112, the F2 flow meter 113, and the enricher 4 in turn, and then discharged through the drain port 102 of the box 1;

[0080] Another part of the ballast water enters the pressure regulating valve 106, and then is discharged through the drain port 102 of the box 1. The pressure regulating valve 106 controls the flow in the pipeline and adjusts the internal water flow. When the flow rate at the water inlet 101 is constant, the ballast water flow entering the enricher 4 is adjusted, and then the pressure passing through the filter element 410 of the enricher 4B is adjusted, so as to adjust the enrichment speed.

[0081] When the ballast water flows through the B filter element 410, the environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water are adsorbed on the surface of the B filter element 410, thereby achieving the purpose of enrichment;

[0082] The ballast water flow setting value flowing through the enricher 4 is set by the control module. When the ballast water flow through the enricher 4 reaches the set value, the positive pressure pump 104 and the V1 solenoid valve 105 are closed, and the V2 solenoid valve 107 and the negative pressure pump 108 are opened. Through the action of the negative pressure pump 108, the air inlet 103 sucks air, and the residual ballast water in the enricher 4 is discharged from the drain port 102 of the box body 1, so as to achieve the purpose of emptying the enricher 4 and complete the sampling and enrichment process, with high intelligence, fast sampling efficiency, and time and labor saving;

[0083] After that, the enricher 4 is removed and the sampled enricher 4 is sent to the laboratory. Based on the mature equipment and process of environmental DNA technology, the targeted species monitoring in the water body is accurately and quickly determined through elution, DNA extraction, purification, fragment amplification, and QPCR technology real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system.

[0084] Based on the two devices of the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, a method for rapid monitoring of ballast water is proposed, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0085] Step 1: subjecting the standardized enricher 4 to high temperature sterilization;

[0086] Step 2: Bring the standardized enricher 4 to the site, build the pipeline between the water inlet 101 of the tank 1 and the ballast water drainage pipe through the connecting flange 2 and the connecting pipe 3, and connect the enricher 4 and the tank 1 pipeline through a quick plug;

[0087] Step 3: When the ballast water rapid monitoring device in Example 1 is used, the ballast water is sucked into the pipeline through the positive pressure pump 104, and a part of the ballast water passes through the V1 solenoid valve 105, the enricher 4, the V3 solenoid valve 110, the negative pressure pump 108 and the flow meter in sequence, and then is discharged through the drain port 102 of the box 1, and the other part of the ballast water enters the pressure regulating valve 106 through the pressure sensor 109, and then is discharged through the drain port 102 of the box 1. The environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water are adsorbed on the surface of the A filter element 402. When the ballast water flow through the enricher 4 reaches the set value, the V1 solenoid valve 105 is closed, the V2 solenoid valve 107 and the negative pressure pump 108 are opened, and the air inlet 103 is inhaled, and the residual ballast water in the enricher 4 is discharged from the drain port 102 of the box 1 through the V3 solenoid valve 110, the negative pressure pump 108 and the F1 flow meter 111, so as to achieve the purpose of emptying the enricher 4 and complete the sampling and enrichment process;

[0088] When the ballast water rapid monitoring device in Example 2 is used, the ballast water is sucked into the pipeline by the positive pressure pump 104, and a part of the ballast water passes through the V1 solenoid valve 105, the pressure gauge 112, the F2 flow meter 113 and the enricher 4 in sequence, and then discharged through the drain port 102 of the box 1. The environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water are adsorbed on the surface of the A filter element 402, and the other part of the ballast water enters the pressure regulating valve 106 to adjust the enrichment speed. When the pipeline pressure flowing through the enricher 4 reaches When the pressure relief valve 8 reaches the threshold value, the pressure relief valve 8 automatically opens to release the pressure, and the water is discharged through the pressure relief valve 8 to the drain port 102, thereby achieving the pipeline purpose of the protection device. When the ballast water flow through the enricher 4 reaches the set value, the V1 solenoid valve 105 is closed, the V2 solenoid valve 107 and the negative pressure pump 108 are opened, and the air inlet 103 is inhaled to discharge the residual ballast water in the enricher 4 from the drain port 102 of the box 1 through the negative pressure pump 108, thereby achieving the purpose of emptying the enricher 4 and completing the sampling and enrichment process.

[0089] Step 4: After the device has finished the set water enrichment volume, enrichment, and emptying processes, the sampling process is completed, and the enricher 4 is removed from the box 1 and sealed for storage; finally, the connecting flange 2 is removed, and the on-site pipeline is restored to complete the entire set of process sampling.

[0090] Step 5: Bring the sampled filter to the laboratory. Based on the mature equipment and process of environmental DNA technology, through elution, DNA extraction, purification, fragment amplification, QPCR technology real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system, accurately and quickly determine the targeted species monitoring in the water body, so as to achieve the analysis, monitoring and management of the ballast water environment; to provide data support for the early warning and monitoring of invasive species in the water environment; and to provide technical support for the standardization of ballast water monitoring methods, management and protection policy formulation of the testing department. This method has the characteristics of high maturity, more accurate and rapid analysis of the relevant products, processes and analysis involved in sampling, DNA extraction, amplification and QPCR analysis.

[0091] The above specific implementations are only descriptions of the preferred implementations of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design concept and spirit of the present invention, various modifications, substitutions and improvements made by ordinary technicians in this field to the technical solution of the present invention based on the text description and drawings provided by the present invention should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A rapid monitoring device for ballast water, characterized in that: The invention comprises a housing (1), a connecting flange (2) arranged outside the housing (1), and an enricher (4) located outside the housing (1) and used for enriching environmental DNA-related substances in ballast water. The inner cavity of the housing (1) is hollow, a positive pressure pump (104) is fixed in the inner cavity of the housing (1), a water inlet (101) and a water outlet (102) are provided on the housing (1), the connecting flange (2) is connected to the water inlet (101) of the housing (1) through a connecting pipe (3), the water inlet of the positive pressure pump (104) is connected to the water inlet (101) of the housing (1) through a pipeline, the water outlet of the positive pressure pump (104) is connected to the water inlet of the enricher (4) through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the enricher (4) is connected to the water outlet (102) of the housing (1) through a pipeline.

2. A rapid monitoring device for ballast water according to claim 1, characterized in that: A V1 solenoid valve (105) is provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump (104) and the enricher (4); the water outlet of the positive pressure pump (104) is connected to the water inlet of the V1 solenoid valve (105) via a pipeline; the water outlet of the V1 solenoid valve (105) is connected to the water inlet of the enricher (4) via a pipeline; and a pressure regulating pipeline is provided on the pipeline between the positive pressure pump (104) and the V1 solenoid valve (105).

3. A rapid monitoring device for ballast water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure regulating pipeline comprises a pressure regulating valve (106), the pipeline between the positive pressure pump (104) and the V1 solenoid valve (105) is connected to the water inlet of the pressure regulating valve (106) through the pipeline, and the water outlet of the pressure regulating valve (106) is connected to the water outlet (102) of the box body (1) through the pipeline.

4. A rapid monitoring device for ballast water according to claim 3, characterized in that: The box body (1) is provided with an air inlet (103), and the box body (1) is provided with a drain pipeline that cooperates with the air inlet (103) and discharges all the ballast water remaining in the enricher (4).

5. A rapid monitoring device for ballast water according to claim 4, characterized in that: The emptying pipeline comprises a V2 solenoid valve (107), the input port of the V2 solenoid valve (107) is connected to the air inlet (103) of the housing (1) via a pipeline, the output port of the V2 solenoid valve (107) is connected to the pipeline between the V1 solenoid valve (105) and the enricher (4), a negative pressure pump (108) is provided on the pipeline between the enricher (4) and the drain port (102) of the housing (1), the water outlet of the enricher (4) is connected to the water inlet of the negative pressure pump (108) via a pipeline, and the water outlet of the negative pressure pump (108) is connected to the water inlet of the housing (1) via a pipeline.

6. A rapid monitoring device for ballast water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enricher (4) comprises a shell (401), wherein the shell (401) is a tubular structure with a hollow inner cavity and openings at both ends. An A filter element (402) is arranged inside the enricher (4), wherein the A filter element (402) is a tubular structure with a hollow inner cavity and openings at both ends. The outer diameter of the A filter element (402) is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell (401), the center line of the shell (401) coincides with the center line of the A filter element (402), and a closed shell (401) is fixed to the top of the shell (401). The upper cover (403) is provided with an upper joint (404) which is in communication with the inner cavity of the housing (401) and is convenient for water inlet; the lower end of the housing (401) is fixed with a lower cover (405) which closes the lower end opening of the housing (401) and the lower end opening of the filter element (402); the lower cover (405) is provided with a lower joint (406) which is in communication with the inner cavity of the filter element (402) and is convenient for water outlet.

7. A rapid monitoring device for ballast water according to claim 6, characterized in that: O-rings (407) for improving sealing properties are provided at the connection between the upper cover (403) and the outer shell (401), the connection between the upper cover (403) and the A filter element (402), the connection between the lower cover (405) and the outer shell (401), and the connection between the lower cover (405) and the A filter element (402).

8. The device for rapid monitoring of ballast water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enricher (4) comprises an outer cover (408), the inner cavity of the outer cover (408) is hollow, an upper end tube (409) communicating with the inner cavity of the outer cover (408) is provided at the middle position of the top end of the outer cover (408), a B filter element (410) is fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer cover (408), the center line of the B filter element (410) coincides with the center line of the outer shell (401), the outer diameter of the B filter element (410) is smaller than the diameter of the inner cavity of the outer cover (408), the inner cavity of the B filter element (410) is hollow, and a lower end tube (411) communicating with the inner cavity of the B filter element (410) is fixed at the middle position of the bottom end of the outer cover (408).

9. A method for rapid monitoring of ballast water, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: subjecting the standardized enricher (4) to high temperature sterilization; Step 2: Bring the standardized enricher (4) to the site, build a pipeline between the water inlet (101) of the tank (1) and the ballast water drainage pipe through the connecting flange (2) and the connecting pipe (3), and connect the enricher (4) to the tank (1); Step 3: enriching the environmental DNA-related substances in the ballast water in the enrichment device (4); Step 4: Bring the sampled enrichment device (4) to the laboratory, and based on the mature equipment and process of environmental DNA technology, accurately and quickly determine the targeted species monitoring in the water body through elution, DNA extraction, purification, fragment amplification, and QPCR technology (real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system).

Images