Asparagus planting method for preventing and treating root rot

Abstract

The invention discloses an asparagus planting method capable of preventing and treating root rot. The asparagus planting method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) selecting healthy asparagus seedlings without disease spots and insect pests; (2) preparing a seedling raising substrate, planting seedlings, and culturing for 4-5 weeks; (3) taking out the survived seedlings from the seedling substrate, sterilizing the roots of the seedlings with a bactericide, cleaning with clear water, and airing; (4) deeply ploughing planting soil before transplanting the seedlings, applying a base fertilizer, applying 10-30t of biochar as a soil conditioner per hectare, and ridging; (5) planting the seedlings in the step (3) on the ridges in the step (4); according to the method, asparagus seedlings are cultivated through the seedling raising substrate, the survival rate of the seedlings is increased, then the survived seedlings are sterilized and then planted, charcoal is applied in a combined mode to serve as a soil improvement agent, and the planting method can reduce the lesion rate of root rot of the roots of the asparagus, reduce the production cost of the asparagus and increase the yield of the asparagus; the economic benefits of the asparagus are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of asparagus planting, in particular to an asparagus planting method for preventing and controlling root rot. Background Art

[0002] Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), also known as Asparagus officinalis, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Asparagus in the family Liliaceae. It is a vegetable with extremely high nutritional and medicinal value, and is known as the "king of vegetables". Studies have shown that asparagus is very rich in vitamins and minerals, as well as trace elements such as asparagine, aspartic acid, iron, manganese, as well as folic acid, nucleic acid and other substances, which can meet the increasingly diversified nutritional needs of consumers and is an excellent food supplement with both medicinal and edible properties.

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid development of asparagus planting industry, large-scale and long-term planting of asparagus, irrational application of fertilizers and pesticides, and the perennial nature of asparagus have led to the loss of soil organic matter in the planting area and the destruction of the soil microecological environment, which has aggravated the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of asparagus, among which root rot is particularly prominent, and the incidence of root rot in seriously diseased plots is as high as 60%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an asparagus planting method for preventing and controlling root rot, so as to reduce the economic losses caused by root rot to asparagus cultivation and improve the economic benefits of asparagus cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for planting asparagus seedlings for preventing and controlling root rot, which is specifically achieved through the following technical solutions: Step 1: Select healthy asparagus seedlings without disease spots or insect pests; Step 2: Prepare the seedling medium and plant the seedlings for cultivation for 4-5 weeks; The seedling medium is prepared by uniformly mixing 10%-20% by mass of straw, 20%-40% by mass of mature compost, 40%-60% by mass of peat, and 5%-15% by mass of sandy loam, and then uniformly mixing a carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution with the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:250-1:300, covering the mixture tightly with a plastic film, leaving the mixture to stand for 7-10 days, spreading the mixture for ventilation for 5-7 days, and adjusting the pH of the sterilized mixture to 7.0-7.5. The mass content of organic matter in the seedling medium is 1-3%, and the mass content of organic carbon is 0.5-2%; The carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 50% carbendazim wettable powder and water at a mass volume ratio of g:mL of 1:800-1000; Step 3: Take the cultivated seedlings out of the seedling medium, sterilize the roots of the seedlings with fungicides, wash with clean water and dry them; The fungicide for the seedling roots is a hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 3-5%, and the soaking time is 15-30 minutes; Step 4: Before transplanting the seedlings, deep plow the planting soil, apply base fertilizer, apply 10-30t of biochar per hectare as a soil conditioner, and make ridges; The biochar is obtained by pyrolyzing agricultural waste (selected from rice husks, corn stalks, wheat, and sugarcane bagasse) or forestry waste (selected from sawdust, branches, and leaves) at 300° C. to 700° C. in an oxygen-free or oxygen-reduced atmosphere. The ridge length is 15m, the width is 1.2-1.5m, the ridge height is 25-30cm, and the ridge bottom width is 50-60cm; the seedling planting spacing is 30-35cm; Step 5: Planting the seedlings from step (3) on the ridges from step (4); Step 6: Field and water and fertilizer management Micro-sprinkler irrigation is used for fertilization. Soluble organic fertilizers are dissolved in irrigation water and applied evenly through the micro-spray system. 30-50 kg of soluble organic fertilizers are applied per hectare, and fertilizers are applied every 30 days. Irrigate once every 5-7 days to maintain soil moisture at 65-75% to ensure healthy growth of asparagus.

[0005] Field management includes timely clearing of weeds, attention to irrigation in the dry season, and timely drainage in the rainy season; if pests and diseases occur, fungicides and pesticides should be sprayed in the early stages of the disease.

[0006] Advantages and technical effects of the present invention: The present invention cultivates asparagus seedlings through a seedling culture medium to improve the survival rate of the seedlings, and then sterilizes the surviving seedlings before planting. By applying biochar as a soil conditioner, the planting method of the present invention can reduce the pathological rate of root rot of asparagus roots, reduce the production cost of asparagus, increase the yield of asparagus, and effectively improve the economic benefit of asparagus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 A comparison of healthy asparagus plants (left) and plants with root rot (right). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The present invention is further described in detail below by way of examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is limited to the contents described above. The methods in the implementation are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents are conventional reagents or reagents prepared according to conventional methods unless otherwise specified; Example 1: Growing asparagus in a rain-proof plastic greenhouse 1. Select healthy asparagus seedlings without disease spots and insect pests. The asparagus variety is UC157F1; 2. After 20% corn stalks, 30% mature compost, 40% peat and 10% sandy loam are mixed evenly, a carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution (mass volume ratio g:mL is 1: 1000) is added to the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:300, the mixture is covered with a plastic film and allowed to stand for 7 days, then spread out for ventilation for 5 days, and the pH of the mixture after disinfection is adjusted to 7.0 with lime to obtain a seedling medium, wherein the mass content of organic matter is 3%, and the mass content of organic carbon is 2%; Plant the selected asparagus seedlings in a seedling medium and cultivate them for 4 weeks; After 3 or 4 weeks, take the grown seedlings out of the seedling medium, soak the roots of the seedlings in a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for 20 minutes, wash with clean water and dry; 4. Before transplanting the seedlings, deep plow the planting soil and apply sheep manure organic fertilizer (Liaoning Kunningwang Agricultural Co., Ltd., 40kg / hm 2 ), apply 15t or 30t of biochar per hectare as soil conditioner, and make ridges with a ridge length of 15m, a width of 1.2m, a ridge height of 25cm, and a ridge bottom width of 50cm; The biochar was made from tree branches by pyrolysis at 500°C in the absence of oxygen. The initial conductivity of the biochar was 11.0 ms / cm, pH 7.8, cation exchange capacity was 28.8 cmol / kg, and the organic matter content was 901.7 g / kg. 5. Plant the seedlings from step 3 on the ridges from step 4, with a spacing of 30 cm between the seedlings. 6. During the planting period, micro-sprinkler irrigation is used for fertilization, with an application of 30kg / hm 2 Stanley water-soluble compound fertilizer (Shandong Stanley Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) is evenly applied once every 30 days through a micro-spraying system; at the same time, water is irrigated once every 7 days to maintain soil moisture at 65-70%; weeds are removed in time during planting, irrigation is carried out in the dry season, and drainage is carried out in time during the rainy season; if pests and diseases occur, fungicides and pesticides should be sprayed at the early stage of the disease; At the same time, a control group was set up, in which the selected asparagus seedlings were directly planted in the planting soil (without adding biochar), and the post-planting management was the same as above; The asparagus of this example was planted on March 5, 2023, and the root rot of the planted asparagus was observed 6 months later. The results are shown in Table 1. Figure 1It can be seen from the table that compared with the control group, the roots of asparagus plants infected with root rot have severe water loss. When 15t of biochar is added in the planting method of this embodiment, the number of asparagus roots obtained increases by 4.56%, the root fresh weight increases by 20.03%, the root dry weight increases by 20.69%, the root diameter increases by 2.51%, and the root rot lesion rate is significantly reduced by 53.2%; when 30t of biochar is added in the planting method of this embodiment, the number of asparagus roots increases by 37.24%, the root fresh weight increases by 30.96%, the root dry weight increases by 29.61%, the root diameter increases by 3.77%, and the root rot lesion rate is significantly reduced by 60.1%.

[0009] The planting method of the present invention significantly reduces the severity of asparagus root rot, reduces asparagus production costs, increases asparagus yield, and effectively improves the economic benefits of asparagus; Table 1: .

[0010] Example 2: Planting asparagus in a rain-proof plastic greenhouse in a Yunnan red soil test field 1. Select healthy asparagus seedlings without disease spots and insect pests. The asparagus variety is UC157F1; 2. After 10% corn stalks, 25% mature compost, 50% peat and 15% sandy loam are mixed evenly, a carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution (mass volume ratio g:mL is 1:800) is added to the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:250, the mixture is covered with plastic film and left to stand for 9 days, then spread out for ventilation for 7 days, and the pH of the mixture after disinfection is adjusted to 7.5 with lime to obtain a seedling medium, in which the mass content of organic matter is 2.8% and the mass content of organic carbon is 1.5%; The selected asparagus seedlings were planted in a seedling medium and cultured for 5 weeks; After 3 to 5 weeks, take the grown seedlings out of the seedling medium, soak the roots of the seedlings in a 4% hydrogen peroxide solution for 15 minutes, wash with clean water and dry; 4. Before transplanting the seedlings, deep plow the planting soil and apply sheep manure organic fertilizer (Liaoning Kunningwang Agricultural Co., Ltd., 50kg / hm 2 ), 20t biochar was applied per hectare as soil conditioner, ridges were formed, the ridge length was 15m, the width was 1.5m, the ridge height was 30cm, and the ridge bottom width was 60cm; Biochar is made from rice husks and leaves, which are pyrolyzed at a high temperature of 600°C; 5. Plant the seedlings from step 3 on the ridges from step 4, with a spacing of 35 cm between the seedlings. 6. During the planting period, micro-sprinkler irrigation is used for fertilization, with an application of 50kg / hm 2Yuanfutang vegetable water-soluble compound fertilizer (Zhengzhou Futang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) is evenly applied once every 30 days through a micro-spraying system; at the same time, water is irrigated once every 7 days to maintain soil moisture at 65-70%; weeds are removed in time during planting, irrigation is carried out in the dry season, and drainage is carried out in time in the rainy season; if pests and diseases occur, fungicides and pesticides should be sprayed at the early stage of the disease; At the same time, a control group was set up. The selected asparagus seedlings were directly planted in the planting soil (without adding biochar), and 50kg / hm2 of biochar was applied during the planting period. 2 Conventional Sanyuan general-purpose fertilizer (Shijiazhuang Sanyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) is applied once every 30 days. The application method is to spread the fertilizer evenly on the surface of the cultivated land, plow evenly, and the field management is the same as above; The asparagus of this example was planted on March 5, 2023. The root rot of the planted asparagus was observed after 1 month and 3 months. The results are shown in Table 2. The planting method of this example did not add biochar and applied 50 kg / hm 2 When conventional fertilizer and ternary universal fertilizer were used, the incidence of root rot was significantly reduced by 54.29% in the first month and by 49.06% in the third month.

[0011] It can be seen from this that the planting method of the present invention using water-soluble fertilizer combined with biochar significantly reduces the incidence of asparagus root rot compared to traditional planting methods, which not only improves the disease resistance of asparagus, but also promotes the healthy development of the root system, thereby providing a better nutrient absorption environment for asparagus.

[0012] Table 2 .

Claims

1. A method for planting asparagus seedlings for preventing and controlling root rot, characterized in that: Here are the steps: (1) Select healthy asparagus seedlings without disease spots or insect pests; (2) preparing a seedling culture medium and planting seedlings for cultivation for 4-5 weeks; (3) Take the grown seedlings out of the seedling medium, sterilize the roots of the seedlings with a fungicide, wash them with clean water and dry them; (4) Before transplanting the seedlings, deep plow the planting soil, apply base fertilizer, apply 10-30t of biochar per hectare as a soil conditioner, and form ridges; (5) Planting the seedlings from step (3) on the ridges from step (4); (6) Field and water and fertilizer management.

2. The asparagus seedling planting method for preventing and controlling root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling medium is prepared by uniformly mixing 10%-20% by weight of straw, 20%-40% by weight of mature compost, 40%-60% by weight of peat and 5%-15% by weight of sandy loam, and then uniformly mixing a carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution with the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:250-1:300, covering the mixture tightly with a plastic film, leaving it to stand for 7-10 days, spreading it out for ventilation for 5-7 days, and adjusting the pH of the sterilized mixture to 7.0-7.

5. The mass content of organic matter in the seedling medium is 1-3%, and the mass content of organic carbon is 0.5-2%.

3. The asparagus seedling planting method for preventing and controlling root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aqueous solution of carbendazim wettable powder is prepared by mixing 50% carbendazim wettable powder and water in a mass volume ratio of 1:800-1000. The fungicide for the roots of seedlings is a hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 3-5%, and the soaking time is 15-30 minutes.

4. The asparagus seedling planting method for preventing and controlling root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: Biochar is produced by pyrolyzing agricultural or forestry waste at 300-700°C in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere.

5. The asparagus seedling planting method for preventing and controlling root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agricultural waste is selected from rice husks, corn straw, wheat, and sugarcane bagasse, and the forestry waste is selected from wood chips, branches, and leaves.

6. The asparagus seedling planting method for preventing and controlling root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ridge length is 15m, the width is 1.2-1.5m, the ridge height is 25-30cm, and the ridge bottom width is 50-60cm; the spacing between seedlings is 30-35cm.

7. The asparagus seedling planting method for preventing and controlling root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: Micro-sprinkler irrigation is used for fertilization. Soluble organic fertilizers are dissolved in irrigation water and applied evenly through the micro-spray system. 30-50 kg of soluble organic fertilizers are applied per hectare, and fertilizers are applied every 30 days. Irrigate once every 5-7 days to maintain soil moisture at 65-75% to ensure healthy growth of asparagus.

8. The asparagus seedling planting method for preventing and controlling root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: Field management includes timely clearing of weeds, attention to irrigation in the dry season, and timely drainage in the rainy season; if pests and diseases occur, fungicides and pesticides should be sprayed in the early stages of the disease.

Images