Novel caisson revetment repairing method

Abstract

The invention provides a novel caisson revetment repairing method. The repairing method sequentially comprises the steps of dismantling a ground surface layer and a revetment breast wall above a connecting seam part, cleaning an original filter material and an insertion plate of the caisson connecting seam, preparing a reinforced concrete insertion plate with a semicircular or arc-shaped section and a reinforced concrete insertion plate with two arc-shaped ends, installing the insertion plate of the caisson connecting seam, backfilling the caisson connecting seam with a gravel filter material, and repairing the caisson connecting seam. And breast wall recovery processing and ground recovery. According to the method, only half of the breast wall area above the caisson joint needs to be broken, the original filter materials and plain concrete inserting plates at the caisson joint can be removed in a small construction space, the novel inserting plates can be replaced, the problems of sand leakage and the like of an original caisson revetment can be effectively solved, and the influence of construction on a site can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of caisson revetment repair, and in particular relates to a novel caisson revetment repair method. Background Art

[0002] The commercial plaza is built near the water, and the stability and safety of its quayside are of vital importance. As the foundation of heavy structures in hydraulic engineering and quayside engineering, caisson revetment can effectively enhance the stability of the quayside and prevent the collapse of the quayside caused by water scouring, wave impact or geological changes, thereby protecting the safety of the commercial plaza and its surrounding facilities. The stability and durability of the quayside structure can be enhanced through caisson revetment. In areas with frequent floods or tides, revetment caissons can improve the flood control standards of the quayside and reduce the threat of floods or tides to the commercial plaza. Caissons are prone to various damages and displacements in long-term wave scouring or ship docking and collision. After years of erosion, the filter layer on the rear side is damaged by seawater erosion, causing sand leakage from the seam of the coastal caisson.

[0003] The existing caisson revetment construction is to place a prefabricated caisson filled with sand on the riprap cushion layer, vertically hoist plain concrete plugs on the outermost and innermost sides of the caisson joints, fill the caisson joints with a filter material layer mixed with two pieces of stone and inverted filter material, and then cast the revetment breast wall above the prefabricated caisson. The back side of the caisson is backfilled with filter materials of different particle sizes separated by geotextiles by layered slope, as shown in the attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. The displacement of the caisson causes the gap in the caisson to become larger, which causes the inverted filter layer at the rear to be damaged and unable to filter effectively, and there will be a problem of sand loss. The current method for repairing the caisson revetment is to excavate the rear side of the caisson and replace all the inverted filter layers to prevent the sand leakage at the rear side of the revetment from the source; the existing repair method has a large construction scope, high construction difficulty, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and has a large impact on the surrounding environment and disturbances to surrounding buildings during the construction process, and is therefore not suitable for caisson revetment repair work near busy areas such as commercial and square areas.

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the above scheme in actual production and implementation, it is necessary to provide a new caisson revetment repair method that is simple, easy to operate, and has low construction cost to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the existing problems, the present invention proposes a novel caisson revetment repair method, which can reduce the excavation area and does not require the complete replacement of the filter layer on the rear side of the caisson. It can narrow the construction scope and reduce the construction difficulty. It can be applied to the repair work of caisson revetments near busy and prosperous areas.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the present invention provides a novel caisson revetment repair method, including a caisson revetment, wherein the caisson revetment includes a foundation cushion layer, a row of prefabricated caissons filled with sand placed above the foundation cushion layer, a revetment breast wall cast on the top of the prefabricated caisson, and a backfill filter layer backfilled in layers on the rear side of the caisson, a joint portion is provided between adjacent prefabricated caissons, and a plain concrete plug plate is vertically hoisted at the outermost side of the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment and the innermost side of the backfill layer adjacent to the joint portion, and a filter material layer is backfilled at the joint portion, and the repair method is for repairing the joint portion between two adjacent prefabricated caissons in the caisson revetment that has become enlarged or damaged, and is characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Determine the location of the joint, first remove the construction surface layer of the top of the revetment breast wall above the joint, and then remove the rear half of the revetment breast wall above the composite joint, and install a steel casing in the demolition area of ​​the revetment breast wall 3 to protect the formation of a construction opening;

[0008] S2. For the cleaning of the original filter material layer and the plain concrete plugboard at the joint, the divers conduct underwater surveys of the size and depth of the caisson joints from the outside of the caisson, and use the telescopic arm excavator to extend from the construction opening in step S1 into the joint for preliminary cleaning. For the parts that the telescopic arm cannot reach, the divers enter the joint through the construction opening for secondary cleaning;

[0009] S3. Prepare three reinforced concrete plugs, including type I, type II and type III plugs in sequence, wherein the type I and type III plugs are reinforced concrete plugs with semicircular or arc-shaped cross-sections, and the type II plug is a strip-shaped reinforced concrete plug with arc-shaped sides; the length of the type I and type II plugs is less than the depth of the prefabricated caisson, the length of the type III plug is greater than the depth of the prefabricated caisson, and the widths of the type I, type II and type III plugs are the same as the original design width of the joint, upper drain outlets and lower drain outlets are reserved at both ends of the length direction of the three plugs, and lifting rings are provided at the ends of the length direction of the three plugs;

[0010] S4. Installation of reinforced concrete plugs: First install the type I plugs, which are installed on the outermost side of the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment near the joint; after the type I plugs are installed, the type II plugs 15 and the type III plugs are installed in sequence. The specific process is as follows:

[0011] S401: Wrap geotextile on the outside of the type I plugboard, and insert a steel wire rope into the upper and lower drainage outlets of the type I plugboard respectively, and fix the other end of the first steel wire rope at the lower drainage outlet to the ground, and use the lifting equipment to vertically lift the type I plugboard through the construction opening in step S1 and vertically insert it into the joint part, and during the lowering process, the first steel wire rope fixed on the ground has an upward traction force on the type I plugboard, and when the bottom end of the type I plugboard contacts the bottom surface of the joint part, the type I plugboard is horizontally laid down by releasing the lifting rope, and when the plugboard is laid flat, its bottom can support the outermost side of the joint part;

[0012] S402. After the Type I plugboard is laid flat, loosen the first steel wire rope fixed on the ground, and lead the second steel wire rope of the drainage outlet of the Type I plugboard out of the joint, and pull up the Type I plugboard by lifting and pulling the second steel wire rope, and fix it vertically at the outermost side of the joint near the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment;

[0013] S403. Wrap geotextiles around the outside of the type II and type III plugs, lift them vertically using lifting equipment, and insert them vertically into the joint directly through the construction opening, wherein the type II plug is inserted into the middle of the joint from the front side of the construction opening, and the type III plug is inserted into the innermost side of the joint from the back side of the construction opening. The bottoms of the type II and type III plugs are both close to the bottom surface of the joint, and a backfill gap is provided between the top of the type II plug and the bottom surface of the revetment breast wall;

[0014] S5. Backfill the joints with graded sand and gravel. First, check the sealing and integrity of the caisson joints. Then, backfill two pieces of stone with a particle size of 8-15 cm between the outer side of the type II plug and the type I plug through the backfill gap at the construction opening and the top of the type II plug. After the backfill is completed, backfill the mixed filter material between the inner side of the type II plug and the type III plug.

[0015] S6. After the backfilling of the joints is completed, the revetment breast wall is restored and the damaged breast wall steel bars are planted. The steel bars need to be restored with staggered welding of the same specifications and poured with high-grade concrete; then the ground layer on the top surface of the revetment breast wall is repaired and paved with stones.

[0016] A further technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the revetment breast wall is L-shaped, and its higher side is the front water-adjacent surface; the construction opening in the step S1 is opened in an area of ​​the L-shaped revetment breast wall away from the lower water-adjacent surface; the width of the construction opening is 1 to 1.5 m, and the length is 1.5 to 2 m; and the length direction of the construction opening is consistent with the length direction of the joint; the steel casing is a square steel casing whose cross-sectional shape and size match the construction opening; and the steel casing is fixed in the soil layer on the top surface of the construction opening.

[0017] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: in the step S1, the demolition range of the construction surface layer on the top of the revetment breast wall is controlled within the range of 1.8 to 2.2*2.2 to 2.5 m; specifically, the ground stones are first demolished, and after the stones within the excavation range are cleared, a cutting machine is used to crush the permeable concrete; the breast wall of the revetment is demolished by a water drill construction machine, and the reinforced concrete is ring-cut on the breast wall above the rear half of the joint by drilling a circle of holes with the water drill, and during the ring-cutting process, the integrity of the breast wall is reduced and the surrounding buried cable structure is protected from damage, and then the surrounding soil layers are isolated by a square steel casing for safety protection.

[0018] A better technical solution of the present invention: in the step S2, the forearm of the telescopic arm excavator is vertically inserted into the seam of the caisson to dig out the original filter material and the plain concrete plug plate at the joint, and a camera is installed on the telescopic arm so that the excavator operator can clearly understand the conditions in the joint; for the filter material that the telescopic arm bucket cannot reach, a diver carries diving equipment and cleaning tools to dive into the joint, uses a high-pressure water gun to flush the filter material to move it to the excavation surface area, and then cooperates with the long-arm excavator to dig, and for large pieces of construction waste and original plug plates, the diver dives and uses a sling to tie them up and then the excavator hoists them for removal.

[0019] A preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the type I, type II and type III plug plates in step S3 are used to pour concrete into a pre-prepared mold with reinforcement according to their shapes and sizes, and after the concrete is initially solidified in the mold, it is moved to a curing area for curing; the length of the type I and type II plug plates is 20 to 30 cm less than the depth of the caisson, and the length of the type III plug plate is 35 to 45 cm higher than the caisson.

[0020] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: in step S402 of step S4, the second steel wire rope is led out of the joint from the outside of the joint, and the second steel wire rope is connected to the lifting equipment, and the type I plug board is pulled up by the lifting equipment, so that the type I plug board is vertically fixed at the outermost side of the joint; in step S403, the spacing between the type II plug board and the type III plug board is 1.5 to 1.7 m.

[0021] A better technical solution of the present invention: in the step S4, three layers of geotextile are wrapped around the Type I plug-in plate, the Type II plug-in plate and the Type III plug-in plate, and when they are hoisted and inserted into the connection seam, they are reasonably rotated at a certain angle according to the size of the caisson seam so that the arc edge of the plug-in plate fits the seam walls on both sides of the connection seam.

[0022] A more preferred technical solution of the present invention: During the S5 process, the backfill of the two pieces of stone and the filter material are backfilled in layers, and the thickness of each layer is between 20 and 30 cm. After each layer is backfilled, a flat vibrator is used to compact it to ensure close contact between the two pieces of stone or the filter material; after the two pieces of stone are backfilled under the breast wall, a high-pressure water gun is used to flush the outer two pieces of stone under the breast wall to make the backfill dense; the backfill of the filter material is stopped when it is 10 to 20 cm below the top of the caisson.

[0023] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the step S6, when the revetment breast wall is restored, the concrete is poured in combination with the type III plug plate, so that the front and rear sides of the joint are sealed to ensure that water is permeable but sand is not.

[0024] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: in the step S6, after the repair of the revetment breast wall is completed, the soil layer is backfilled in the steel casing, and the steel casing is hoisted out, and then the stone is paved for the construction surface layer, and the corresponding stone slabs are paved through trial assembly, line marking, trial arrangement, brushing cement slurry and laying mortar bonding layer, laying stone slabs and grouting processes; the trial assembly of the stone slabs in each part should be trial assembled according to the pattern, color and texture, and after the trial assembly, they are numbered and arranged in two directions; the line marking is to draw a cross control line, which is marked on the concrete cushion layer and led to the bottom of the wall. When the horizontal line is marked It should be noted that the elevation of the surface layer should be consistent; the trial arrangement is to lay two strips of dry sand in two mutually perpendicular directions, and arrange the stone slabs in order to check the gaps between the slabs; the brushing of cement slurry and laying of mortar bonding layer is to first brush a layer of plain cement slurry, and then lay the bonding layer DS mortar. The thickness should be controlled to be 3-4mm higher than the horizontal line of the surface layer when the stone slabs are placed. After laying, use a large bar to scrape it flat; for the grouting, choose mineral pigments of the same color and cement, mix them evenly, dilute the cement slurry, and use a slurry pot to slowly pour it into the gaps between the slabs to make the surface of the stone surface layer clean, flat and solid.

[0025] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] (1) The present invention utilizes a water drill construction machine to break the revetment breast wall, proceeding step by step according to the structural level and stability requirements, and removes the reinforced concrete of the breast wall at the rear half of the caisson seam by drilling holes with a water drill, thereby reducing the excavation area, retaining the integrity of the breast wall, and avoiding overall damage to the breast wall that causes the excavation surface to be connected to the open sea. The present invention also utilizes a special square steel casing to maintain the surrounding areas, thereby effectively avoiding the risks of seawater scouring, foundation pit collapse, and worker safety in the pit.

[0027] (2) The present invention uses a long-arm excavator in conjunction with an underwater diving cleaning method to clean the caisson gaps. It only needs to open an excavation working surface of about 1.2m*1.9m on the breast wall above the caisson gap, and use the long-arm excavator to vertically insert the forearm into the caisson gap to dig out the original filter material, thereby achieving the removal of caisson gap debris in a smaller space. A camera is installed at the telescopic arm so that the excavator operator can clearly understand the situation in the pit and can perform preliminary cleaning of the caisson gap in a smaller space. For the filter material that the telescopic arm bucket of the caisson gap cannot reach, a diver can carry diving equipment and cleaning tools to dive to the bottom of the caisson, use a high-pressure water gun to flush the filter material to move it to the excavation surface area, and then cooperate with the long-arm excavator to dig. Some large pieces of construction waste and original plug boards are tied with slings by the diver after diving and then hoisted and removed by the excavator. The cleaning process in the present invention requires a large-scale excavation of the original caisson structure, which reduces the construction scope and reduces the disturbance to the surrounding environment during the construction process.

[0028] (3) The plug plate in the present invention is a reinforced concrete plug plate prepared by pouring concrete into a pre-prepared mold with reinforcement, which can ensure that the concrete is evenly distributed and densely filled in the mold to ensure the quality and performance of the precast concrete; the plug plate includes three pieces, of which the type I plug plate on the front side of the joint and the type III plug plate on the rear side are both semicircular or arc-shaped plug plates, and the type II plug plate in the middle is a strip plug plate with arc-shaped surfaces at both ends. Since the width of the caisson seam is inconsistent after scouring, the arc-shaped edge of the plug plate can make it better adapt to different gap sizes; the height of the two plug plates on the front and middle sides of the joint is lower than the depth of the caisson, which can facilitate the installation of the plug plate from the removal port, and the rear plug plate is about 40 cm higher than the top of the caisson. When the breast wall is restored, the pouring of concrete is combined with the plug plate to seal the front and rear sides of the caisson seam to ensure water permeability but not sand permeability.

[0029] (4) The plug plate in the present invention is installed from the breast wall removal opening with the assistance of a crane and manual labor. During the installation process, steel wire ropes are fixed to the two ends of the type I plug plate on the front side of the joint. After being vertically hoisted through the removal opening, the other end of the lower steel wire rope is fixed to the ground, so that an upward traction force can be exerted on the plug plate when it is lowered to the bottom of the caisson. After the plug plate is inserted into the bottom surface of the gap, the steel wire rope is always used to pull the upper part of the plug plate during the process of inserting the plug plate into the caisson seam. After the plug plate is inserted into the bottom surface of the caisson seam, the plug plate can be laid down by laying down the lifting rope, and there is a forward swinging force during the laying down process, so that the bottom of the plug plate can support the outermost side of the caisson seam. Then, the steel wire rope at the drainage outlet end above the plug plate is passed through the caisson seam to the outside and lifted by a hook, so that the plug plate can be pulled up vertically, so that it can fit tightly against the outer side of the caisson seam to form a blockage. The installation process can be completed in a small space, reducing the site that was originally destroyed to a smaller construction scope.

[0030] (5) The graded sand and gravel backfill of the caisson seam in the present invention is first backfilled with two pieces of stone with a particle size of 8-15cm on the outside of the type II plug-in plate. The thickness each time should not be too large, and is generally controlled between 20 and 30cm. After each layer of backfilling, a flat vibrator is used for compaction to ensure that the two pieces of stone are in close contact and reduce gaps. After quickly backfilling to the bottom of the breast wall, a diver uses a high-pressure water gun to flush the two pieces of stone on the outside into the bottom of the breast wall to make it backfilled densely. The mixed filter material on the inside of the type II plug-in plate is backfilled to 5-10cm below the top of the caisson and stopped. The thickness of each backfill is generally controlled between 20 and 30cm. After each layer of backfilling, a flat vibrator is used for compaction to ensure that the mixed filter material is in close contact and reduce gaps. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A longitudinal section of the original caisson revetment repaired by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A transverse cross-sectional view of the original caisson revetment repaired by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a transverse cross-sectional view of the repaired caisson revetment in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the caisson revetment repair structure in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steel sleeve for repairing the caisson revetment in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6-1 , Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3 They are schematic diagrams of the structures of type I, II and III plug boards in the present invention respectively;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the type I plug-in board wire rope in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the plugboard hoisting structure in the present invention;

[0039] Figures 9 to 14 It is a schematic diagram of the seam repair process in the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 1-foundation cushion layer, 2-prefabricated caisson, 3-bank protection breast wall, 4-backfill filter layer, 5-joint part, 6-plain concrete plug board, 7-filter material layer, 8-steel casing, 9-construction opening, 10-upper drainage outlet, 11-lower drainage outlet, 12-first steel wire rope, 13-type I plug board, 14-second steel wire rope, 15-type II plug board, 16-type III plug board, 17-backfill gap, 18-bank protection front line, 19-two pieces of stone, 20-lifting ring, 21-lock buckle, 22-lifting rope, 23-surface layer, DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The embodiment provides a novel caisson revetment repair method, which is specifically for repairing a caisson revetment in a coastal area near a shopping mall. The original structure of the caisson revetment is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a foundation cushion layer 1 backfilled with riprap, a row of prefabricated caissons 2 filled with sand placed above the foundation cushion layer 1, a revetment breast wall 3 cast on the top of the prefabricated caissons 2 and a backfill filter layer 4 backfilled in layers on the rear side of the caisson, and a joint part 5 is provided between adjacent prefabricated caissons 2. The foundation cushion layer 1 is located below the original mud surface line, and the prefabricated caissons 2 are placed on the foundation cushion layer 1, most of which are located in the sea water above the original mud surface line. The filter material is backfilled on the rear side of the caisson away from the water surface, and the bottom layer is backfilled with riprap, and the slope ratio of the backfill is 1:1. Then, two stone cushion layers larger than 50 cm are backfilled, and the slope ratio of the two stone cushion layers is 1:1.25. Then, a concrete filter layer larger than 80 cm is backfilled, and the slope ratio of the concrete filter layer is 1:1.5. Finally, two layers of 400g / m2 non-woven geotextiles are laid and backfilled with sand, forming a backfill filter layer 4 on the rear side of the caisson as a whole. Plain concrete insert plates 6 are vertically hoisted at the joint 5 adjacent to the outermost side of the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment and the innermost side adjacent to the inverted filter layer 4, and a filter material layer 7 is backfilled at the joint 5.

[0043] The above-mentioned caisson revetment is prone to various damages and displacements in the long-term scouring of waves or collisions with ships docked. After years of erosion, the back filter layer is damaged by seawater erosion, causing the coastal caisson to leak sand from the joints 5 of the caisson. If conventional repair methods are used, it is necessary to excavate from the rear side of the caisson to replace the entire back filter layer, which requires a large amount of construction. Since the project is close to the business district, the large construction scope will affect the normal traffic around it and will also affect the surrounding buildings. Therefore, the repair method of the present invention is used to repair the enlarged or damaged joints 5 between two adjacent prefabricated caissons 2 in the caisson revetment, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. Determine the location of the joint 5 (the joint 5 is relatively large, and the location of the joint 5 where sand is leaking can be determined by diving directly into the water), and demolish the construction surface layer on the top of the revetment breast wall 3 above the joint 5. First, remove the upper stone and permeable concrete. According to the construction requirements, remove the ground stone. The demolition range is about 2m*2.3m. Remove the stone within the excavation range, and then use the cutting machine to crush the permeable concrete. Adjust the parameters of the mechanical equipment according to the hardness and thickness of the permeable concrete to ensure that the crushing effect meets the requirements. Different types of stone have different physical properties and demolition difficulties in the demolition of stone and permeable concrete. Removing all the stone within the entire demolition range will help improve construction efficiency. For local hard concrete that is difficult to handle by mechanical crushing, manual demolition can be used. Carefully knock and chisel the hard concrete to avoid damage to surrounding buildings and facilities.

[0045] S2. Then, the rear half of the revetment breast wall 3 above the multiple joint part 5 is demolished, and a steel casing 8 is installed in the demolished area of ​​the revetment breast wall 3 for protection to form a construction opening 9; the demolition of the revetment breast wall 3 is carried out by using a water drill construction machine, and the reinforced concrete is cut in a circle on the breast wall above the rear half of the joint part by drilling a circle with the water drill, and the damage to the integrity of the breast wall is reduced during the cutting process, and the surrounding buried cable structure is protected from damage; since the revetment breast wall 3 is L-shaped, its high side is the front side adjacent to the water surface, and the construction opening 9 is opened in the L-shaped revetment breast wall away from the lower area of ​​the adjacent water surface, the width of the construction opening 9 is 1 to 1.5 m, the length is 1.5 to 2 m, and the length direction of the construction opening 9 is consistent with the length direction of the joint part. There is a soil layer above the construction opening 9. In order to isolate the surrounding soil layers, as shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown in the figure, a square steel casing 8 is installed above the construction opening 9, and the steel casing 8 is fixed in the soil layer on the top surface of the construction opening 9. Since the excavation opening of the surface layer is larger than the construction opening 9 on the revetment breast wall, as shown in the figure, Figure 5 As shown, one side of the lower part of the square steel casing 8 is set as an inclined surface, which can make a good transition. The square steel casing can effectively avoid the risks of seawater scouring, foundation pit collapse, and workers' working safety in the pit.

[0046] S3. For the cleaning of the original filter material layer and the plain concrete plug board at the joint part 5, the diver conducts an underwater survey of the size and depth of the caisson seam from the outside of the caisson, and uses the telescopic arm excavator to extend from the construction opening 9 in step S1 into the joint part 5 for preliminary cleaning. Specifically, the telescopic arm excavator inserts the forearm vertically into the caisson seam to dig out the original filter material and the plain concrete plug board at the joint part, and a camera is installed on the telescopic arm so that the excavator operator can clearly understand the situation in the joint part; for the filter material that the telescopic arm bucket cannot reach, the diver carries the diving equipment and the cleaning tool to dive into the joint part, uses the high-pressure water gun to flush the filter material to move the filter material to the excavation surface area, and then cooperates with the long arm excavator to dig. For large pieces of construction waste and the original plug board, the diver dives and uses the sling to tie them up, and then the excavator hoists and removes them. The original caisson seam is cleaned in a limited opening space by the telescopic arm excavator cleaning method and the underwater diving cleaning method, and damage to the caisson structure is avoided.

[0047] S4. Prepare three reinforced concrete plugs, including type I, type II and type III plugs, such as Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-3 As shown, the type I plug board 13 and the type III plug board 16 are semi-cylindrical reinforced concrete plug boards. Figure 6-2 As shown, the type II plug plate 15 is a strip reinforced concrete plug plate with arc-shaped sides; the length of the type I and type II plug plates is 20-30 cm lower than the depth of the prefabricated caisson, the length of the type III plug plate 16 is about 40 cm higher than the depth of the prefabricated caisson, and the widths of the type I, type II and type III plug plates are the same as the original design width of the joint part, and upper drain outlets 10 and lower drain outlets 11 are reserved at both ends of the length direction of the three plug plates; and rings 20 are provided at the ends of the length direction of the three plug plates. The type I, type II and type III plug plates are all poured into the mold prepared in advance with reinforcement according to the shape and size of the C4 concrete, ensuring that the concrete is evenly distributed and densely filled in the mold, and maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity during the curing process to prevent the concrete from cracking and deformation; after the concrete is initially solidified in the mold, it is moved to the curing area for curing, the length of the type I and type II plug plates is 20-30 cm less than the depth of the caisson, and the length of the type III plug plate is 35-45 cm higher than the caisson. Since the width of the caisson connection seams is inconsistent after scouring, the curved edge of the plug plate can be rotated at a certain angle to better fit gaps of different sizes.

[0048] S5. Installation of reinforced concrete plugs: First install the type I plug 13, which is installed on the outermost side of the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment near the joint 5; after the type I plug 13 is installed, the type II plug 15 and the type III plug 16 are installed in sequence, and all three plugs must be inserted to the bottom. The specific process is as follows:

[0049] (1) Wrap three layers of geotextile on the outside of the type I plug plate 13, such as Figure 7 As shown, a steel wire rope is inserted into the upper drain port 10 and the lower drain port 11 of the type I plug plate 13, and the two steel wire ropes are fixed and locked by the lock buckle 20, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown, the I-type plug plate is lifted vertically by the lifting equipment through the construction opening 9 in step S1 and vertically inserted into the joint part 5, and during the lowering process, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, the other end of the first steel wire rope 12 at the lower drain outlet 11 is fixed on the ground, and the first steel wire rope 12 fixed on the ground has an upward traction force on the type I plug board 13. When the bottom end of the type I plug board 13 contacts the bottom surface of the joint part 5, the type I plug board 13 is horizontally laid down by releasing the lifting rope, and when the type I plug board 13 is laid flat, its bottom can support the outermost side of the joint part 5; the type I plug board 13 needs to be installed by using a vehicle crane, and it needs to be placed into the caisson seam with the help of a diver, and the upper part of the plug board is always pulled by the steel wire rope;

[0050] (2) After the I-type plug board 13 is laid flat, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown, the first steel wire rope 12 fixed on the ground is loosened, and the second steel wire rope 14 of the drainage outlet on the type I plug board 13 is led out of the joint part 5 through the water-facing surface, and the type I plug board is pulled up by lifting and pulling the second steel wire rope 14, and is vertically fixed to the outermost side of the joint part 5 adjacent to the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment, so that it can fit the outer caisson seam tightly to form a blockage, so as to achieve water permeability but not sand permeability;

[0051] (3) The outside of the type II plug plate 15 and the type III plug plate 16 are wrapped with three layers of geotextile, such as Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, they are lifted vertically by hoisting equipment respectively, and directly inserted vertically into the joint part through the construction opening 9, wherein the type II plug plate 15 is inserted into the middle of the joint part from the front side of the construction opening 9, and the type III plug plate 16 is inserted into the innermost side of the joint part from the rear side of the construction opening 9, the bottoms of the type II plug plate and the type III plug plate are both close to the bottom surface of the joint part 5, a backfill gap 17 is provided between the top of the type II plug plate 15 and the bottom surface of the revetment breast wall 3, and the spacing between the type II plug plate 15 and the type III plug plate 16 is 1.5 to 1.7 m; when the three plug plates are hoisted and inserted into the connection joint part 5, they are reasonably rotated at a certain angle according to the size of the caisson seam so that the arc edge of the plug plate fits the seam walls on both sides of the connection joint part.

[0052] S6. Backfill the joints with graded sand and gravel. First check the tightness and integrity of the caisson joints. Fig.14As shown, two pieces of stone 19 with a particle size of 8 to 15 cm are backfilled between the outer side of the type II plug board 15 and the type I plug board through the construction opening 9 and the backfill gap 17 at the top of the type II plug board; after the backfilling is completed, the mixed filter material (i.e., fine crushed stone) is backfilled between the inner side of the type II plug board 15 and the type III plug board 16; the backfilling of the two pieces of stone and the filter material is backfilled in layers, and the thickness of each layer is between 20 and 30 cm. After each layer is backfilled, a flat vibrator is used for compaction to ensure close contact between the two pieces of stone or the filter material; after the two pieces of stone are backfilled to the bottom of the breast wall, the outer two pieces of stone are flushed into the bottom of the breast wall by means of a high-pressure water gun to make the backfill dense; the backfilling of the filter material is stopped when it is 10 to 20 cm below the top of the caisson.

[0053] S7. After the backfill of the joint is completed, the revetment breast wall is restored and the damaged breast wall steel bars are planted. The steel bars need to be restored with staggered welding of the same specifications and poured with high-grade concrete. When the revetment breast wall is restored, the poured concrete is combined with Type III plug plates to seal the front and rear sides of the joint to ensure water permeability but not sand.

[0054] S8. After the repair of the revetment breast wall is completed, the soil layer is backfilled in the steel casing and the steel casing is hoisted out. Then, the stone is paved for the construction surface layer. The corresponding stone slabs are paved through trial assembly, line marking, trial arrangement, cement slurry brushing, mortar bonding layer laying, stone slab laying and joint filling technology; the trial assembly of the stone slabs in each part should be trial assembled according to the pattern, color and texture, and after the trial assembly, they are numbered and arranged in two directions; the line marking is to draw a cross control line, which is marked on the concrete cushion layer and led to the bottom of the wall. When marking the horizontal line, it is necessary to pay attention to the consistency of the surface layer elevation. ; The trial arrangement is to lay two strips of dry sand in two mutually perpendicular directions, and arrange the stone slabs in order to check the gaps between the slabs; the brushing of cement slurry and laying of mortar bonding layer is to first brush a layer of plain cement slurry, and then lay the bonding layer DS mortar. The thickness is controlled to be 3-4mm higher than the horizontal line of the surface layer when the stone slabs are placed. After laying, it is scraped flat with a large bar; for the grouting, mineral pigments of the same color and cement are mixed evenly to make a 1:1 thin cement slurry, and slowly poured into the gaps between the slabs with a slurry pot to make the surface of the stone surface layer clean, flat and solid.

[0055] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel caisson revetment repair method comprises a caisson revetment, wherein the caisson revetment comprises a foundation cushion layer (1), a row of prefabricated caissons (2) filled with sand placed above the foundation cushion layer (1), a revetment breast wall (3) cast on the top of the prefabricated caissons (2) and a backfill filter layer (4) backfilled in layers on the rear side of the caissons, a joint portion (5) is provided between adjacent prefabricated caissons (2), a plain concrete plug plate (6) is vertically hoisted at the joint portion (5) adjacent to the outermost side of the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment and the innermost side of the backfill filter layer (4), and a filter material layer (7) is backfilled at the joint portion (5), the repair method is used to repair the joint portion (5) between two adjacent prefabricated caissons (2) in the caisson revetment that has become enlarged or damaged, and is characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Determine the location of the joint, first remove the construction surface layer of the top of the revetment breast wall above the joint, and then remove the rear half of the revetment breast wall above the composite joint, and install a steel casing in the demolition area of ​​the revetment breast wall 3 to protect the formation of a construction opening; S2. For the cleaning of the original filter material layer and the plain concrete plugboard at the joint, the divers conduct underwater surveys of the size and depth of the caisson joints from the outside of the caisson, and use the telescopic arm excavator to extend from the construction opening in step S1 into the joint for preliminary cleaning. For the parts that the telescopic arm cannot reach, the divers enter the joint through the construction opening for secondary cleaning; S3. Prepare three reinforced concrete plugs, including type I, type II and type III plugs in sequence, wherein the type I and type III plugs are reinforced concrete plugs with semicircular or arc-shaped cross-sections, and the type II plug is a strip-shaped reinforced concrete plug with arc-shaped sides; the length of the type I and type II plugs is less than the depth of the prefabricated caisson, the length of the type III plug is greater than the depth of the prefabricated caisson, and the widths of the type I, type II and type III plugs are the same as the original design width of the joint, upper drain outlets and lower drain outlets are reserved at both ends of the length direction of the three plugs, and lifting rings are provided at the ends of the length direction of the three plugs; S4. Installation of reinforced concrete plugs: First install the type I plugs, which are installed on the outermost side of the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment near the joint; after the type I plugs are installed, the type II plugs 15 and the type III plugs are installed in sequence. The specific process is as follows: S401: Wrap geotextile on the outside of the type I plugboard, and insert a steel wire rope into the upper and lower drainage outlets of the type I plugboard respectively, and fix the other end of the first steel wire rope at the lower drainage outlet to the ground, and use the lifting equipment to vertically lift the type I plugboard through the construction opening in step S1 and vertically insert it into the joint part, and during the lowering process, the first steel wire rope fixed on the ground has an upward traction force on the type I plugboard, and when the bottom end of the type I plugboard contacts the bottom surface of the joint part, the type I plugboard is horizontally laid down by releasing the lifting rope, and when the plugboard is laid flat, its bottom can support the outermost side of the joint part; S402. After the Type I plugboard is laid flat, loosen the first steel wire rope fixed on the ground, and lead the second steel wire rope of the drainage outlet of the Type I plugboard out of the joint, and pull up the Type I plugboard by lifting and pulling the second steel wire rope, and fix it vertically at the outermost side of the joint near the water-facing surface of the caisson revetment; S403. Wrap geotextiles around the outside of the type II and type III plugs, lift them vertically using lifting equipment, and insert them vertically into the joint directly through the construction opening, wherein the type II plug is inserted into the middle of the joint from the front side of the construction opening, and the type III plug is inserted into the innermost side of the joint from the back side of the construction opening. The bottoms of the type II and type III plugs are both close to the bottom surface of the joint, and a backfill gap is provided between the top of the type II plug and the bottom surface of the revetment breast wall; S5. Backfill the joints with graded sand and gravel. First, check the sealing and integrity of the caisson joints. Then, backfill two pieces of stone with a particle size of 8-15 cm between the outer side of the type II plug and the type I plug through the backfill gap at the construction opening and the top of the type II plug. After the backfill is completed, backfill the mixed filter material between the inner side of the type II plug and the type III plug. S6. After the backfilling of the joints is completed, the revetment breast wall is restored and the damaged breast wall steel bars are planted. The steel bars need to be restored with staggered welding of the same specifications and poured with high-grade concrete; then the ground layer on the top surface of the revetment breast wall is repaired and paved with stones.

2. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The revetment breast wall (3) is L-shaped, and its higher side is the front water surface. The construction opening (9) in step S1 is opened in a lower area of ​​the L-shaped revetment breast wall away from the water surface. The width of the construction opening (9) is 1 to 1.5 m, and the length is 1.5 to 2 m. The length direction of the construction opening (9) is consistent with the length direction of the joint. The steel casing (8) is a square steel casing with a cross-sectional shape and size matching the construction opening (9). The steel casing (8) is fixed in the soil layer on the top surface of the construction opening (9).

3. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step S1, the range of the construction surface layer removal on the top of the revetment breast wall is controlled within the range of 1.8-2.2*2.2-2.5m; specifically, the ground stones are first removed, and after the stones within the excavation range are cleared, the permeable concrete is crushed using a cutting machine; the breast wall of the revetment is broken using a water drill construction machine, and the reinforced concrete is ring-cut on the breast wall above the rear half of the joint by drilling a circle of holes with the water drill, and the damage to the integrity of the breast wall is reduced during the ring-cutting process and the surrounding buried cable structure is protected from damage, and then the surrounding soil layers are isolated and protected by a square steel casing.

4. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the telescopic arm excavator inserts the forearm vertically into the caisson seam to dig out the original filter material and plain concrete plug board at the joint, and a camera is installed on the telescopic arm so that the excavator operator can clearly understand the conditions in the joint. For the filter material that the telescopic arm bucket cannot reach, the diver carries the diving equipment and cleaning tools to dive into the joint, uses the high-pressure water gun to flush the filter material to move it to the excavation surface area, and then cooperates with the long-arm excavator to dig. For large pieces of construction waste and original plug boards, the diver dives and uses the sling to tie them up and then the excavator hoists them for removal.

5. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The type I, type II and type III plug plates in step S3 are all poured into a pre-prepared mold with reinforcement according to their shapes and sizes. After the concrete is initially solidified in the mold, it is moved to the curing area for curing; the length of the type I and type II plug plates is 20 to 30 cm less than the depth of the caisson, and the length of the type III plug plate is 35 to 45 cm higher than the caisson.

6. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step S402 of step S4, the second steel wire rope is led out of the joint from the outside of the joint, and the second steel wire rope is connected to the lifting equipment, and the type I plug board is pulled up by the lifting equipment to vertically fix the type I plug board at the outermost side of the joint; in step S403, the spacing between the type II plug board and the type III plug board is 1.5 to 1.7 m.

7. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step S4, three layers of geotextile are wrapped around the Type I plug plate, the Type II plug plate and the Type III plug plate, and when hoisted and inserted into the connection seam, the plug plate is rotated at a certain angle according to the size of the caisson seam so that the arc edge of the plug plate fits the seam walls on both sides of the connection seam.

8. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the S5 process, the backfill of the two pieces of stone and the filter material is backfilled in layers, and the thickness of each layer is between 20 and 30 cm. After each layer is backfilled, a flat vibrator is used to compact it to ensure that the two pieces of stone or the filter material are in close contact; after the two pieces of stone are backfilled under the breast wall, the outer two pieces of stone are flushed under the breast wall by means of a high-pressure water gun to make the backfill dense; the backfill of the filter material is stopped when it is 10 to 20 cm below the top of the caisson.

9. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step S6, when the revetment breast wall is restored, the concrete is poured in combination with the type III plug plate to seal the front and rear sides of the joint to ensure that water is permeable but sand is not.

10. A novel caisson revetment repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step S6, after the repair of the revetment breast wall is completed, the soil layer is backfilled in the steel casing, and the steel casing is hoisted out, and then the stone is paved for the construction surface layer, and the corresponding stone slabs are paved through trial assembly, line marking, trial arrangement, brushing cement slurry and laying mortar bonding layer, laying stone slabs and grouting technology; the trial assembly of the stone slabs in each part should be trial assembled according to the pattern, color and texture, and after the trial assembly, they are numbered and arranged in two directions; the line marking is to draw a cross control line, which is marked on the concrete cushion layer and led to the bottom of the wall. When marking the horizontal line, attention should be paid to the surface layer. The elevation should be consistent; the trial arrangement is to lay two strips of dry sand in two mutually perpendicular directions, and arrange the stone slabs in order to check the gaps between the slabs; the brushing of cement slurry and laying of mortar bonding layer is to first brush a layer of plain cement slurry, and then lay the bonding layer DS mortar. The thickness should be controlled to be 3-4mm higher than the horizontal line of the surface layer when the stone slabs are placed. After laying, use a large bar to scrape it flat; for the grouting, choose mineral pigments of the same color and cement, mix them evenly, dilute the cement slurry, and use a slurry pot to slowly pour it into the gaps between the slabs to make the surface of the stone surface layer clean, flat and solid.

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