AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system

Abstract

The invention discloses an AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system. The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system comprises an AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device used for storing and releasing hydrogen; the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is used for generating power through hydrogen in the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device; the water circulation system is used for performing heat management on the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; the control system is used for operation monitoring and scheduling control of the thermal management system; the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, the water circulation system and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system are connected in pairs. The Y-shaped fins are additionally arranged between the PCM heat storage material and the inner pipe shell, the structure is simplified, the cost is reduced, meanwhile, the heat exchange efficiency of cold and hot fluid and the phase change material is optimized, the hydrogen supply, oxygen supply, power generation and water circulation processes are integrated, and efficient and energy-saving heat management is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage management, and in particular relates to an AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is widely regarded as the most promising clean energy in the 21st century. Due to its high calorific value and very environmentally friendly characteristics, it is regarded as a key clean energy industry for development. Phase change thermal storage is to store waste heat from human production and life by utilizing the latent heat of PCM, such as solar energy, valley electricity and industrial waste heat, and then release it in different spaces or at different times to achieve the effect of shifting peaks and filling valleys, which will reduce energy waste. Phase change thermal storage technology is the key development object of waste heat recovery technology due to its low price and the wide spread of PCM materials. Phase change materials can be divided into organic materials, inorganic materials and composite materials according to their properties. When selecting suitable PCM materials, its latent heat and phase change temperature should be considered. The latent heat and phase change temperature of the casing latent heat energy storage technology (LHTES) is the most common technology in latent heat storage. In the latent heat storage system, due to the poor thermal conductivity of PCM, how to improve the device structure and improve the melting performance of PCM, and quickly and efficiently store the heat in HTF into PCM to achieve efficient heat exchange has always been a hot topic of research. In addition, the atoms in the hydrogen storage metal are arranged neatly according to certain rules, which is called "crystal". There are many gaps between atoms inside the crystal. The hydrogen atom, which consists of only one proton and one electron, is the smallest atom and can enter almost all metals. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage alloy and first catalytically decomposes into hydrogen atoms on its surface. The hydrogen atoms then diffuse into the gaps inside the material lattice and are stored in the metal crystal point in an atomic state to form metal hydride. The reaction process is reversible, so the absorption and release of hydrogen can be achieved under mild reaction conditions. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system to solve the problems existing in the above prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system, comprising:

[0005] AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, water circulation system, hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, control system;

[0006] The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device is used to store and release hydrogen;

[0007] The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is used to generate electricity through the hydrogen in the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device;

[0008] The water circulation system is used for heat management of the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system;

[0009] The control system is used for operation monitoring and scheduling control of the thermal management system;

[0010] The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, the water circulation system and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system are connected in pairs.

[0011] Optionally, the AB-type solid alloy hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen storage tank, a Y-shaped structural fin, a PCM heat storage material and a heat storage device casing.

[0012] Optionally, the hydrogen storage tank is an inner tube shell with a hollow interior, and the inner tube shell is cylindrical; the Y-shaped structure fins are evenly arranged on the outside of the hydrogen storage tank, and PCM thermal storage material is used between the heat storage device shell, the hydrogen storage tank and the Y-shaped structure fins, wherein the PCM thermal storage material is paraffin, and the distribution density of the Y-shaped structure fins is obtained according to the properties of the selected PCM thermal storage material.

[0013] Optionally, the water circulation system includes a first water circulation branch, a second water circulation branch, and a third water circulation branch;

[0014] The first water circulation branch includes a chiller and a hydrogen charging circulation water circuit; the chiller interacts with the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen charging circulation water circuit;

[0015] The second water circulation branch includes a water circulation pump, a PTC heater, a heat exchanger, and a water tank; the water circulation pump and the heat exchanger are connected to the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device through a water pipeline, a PTC heater is connected between the water circulation pump and the heat exchanger, and the water tank is connected to the heat exchanger;

[0016] The third water circulation branch includes a water circulation pump, a PTC heater, a heat exchanger, a water tank, and a radiator;

[0017] The heat exchanger is connected to the control system and the radiator, and the PTC heater is connected to the control system; the water tank and the PTC heater are respectively connected to a water circulation pump, and the water tank is connected to the PTC heater; both water circulation pumps are connected to the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system.

[0018] Optionally, the second water circulation branch and the third water circulation branch share a heat exchanger.

[0019] Optionally, the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system includes a stack power generation module, a hydrogen supply module, an oxygen supply module, a DC-DC converter, an inverter, and a power battery;

[0020] The stack power generation module is connected to the hydrogen supply module, the oxygen supply module and the DC-DC converter respectively, and the inverter and the power battery are both connected to the DC-DC converter;

[0021] Among them, the hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen circulation pump and a gas-water separator, the gas-water separator is unidirectionally connected to the hydrogen circulation pump, the hydrogen circulation pump is unidirectionally connected to the fuel cell power generation module, and the fuel cell power generation module is unidirectionally connected to the gas-water separator.

[0022] Optionally, the oxygen supply module includes an intercooler, an air compressor, and an air filter; the air filter, air compressor, and intercooler are connected in sequence; the intercooler is unidirectionally connected to the battery stack power generation module and the PTC heater; and the intercooler is connected to a water circulation pump.

[0023] Optionally, the control system includes a thermostat, a sensor, and a controller; wherein the thermostat is connected to the fuel cell power generation module and the heat exchanger, respectively; the sensor is arranged in a water pipeline and connected to the controller; and the controller controls each component in the thermal management system.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0025] The present invention comprises an AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, a water circulation system, a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and a control system; the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device is used for storing and releasing hydrogen; the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is used for generating electricity through the hydrogen in the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device; the water circulation system is used for heat management of the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; the control system is used for operation monitoring and dispatching control of the thermal management system; the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, the water circulation system and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system are connected in pairs.

[0026] The present invention has a simple structure, convenient processing and low cost. Y-shaped structural fins are added between the PCM thermal storage material and the inner tube shell to strengthen the heat exchange process between the cold and hot fluids and the phase change material, thereby achieving efficient heat exchange between the cold fluid, the hot fluid and the solid-liquid phase change material. The process flow of the entire thermal management system is divided into four parts, namely the hydrogen supply process, the oxygen supply process, the power generation process and the water circulation process, which can achieve an efficient and energy-saving thermal management process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] 1. Y-shaped structural fins; 2. PCM thermal storage material; 3. Hydrogen storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0035] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] The storage and dehydrogenation process of the solid alloy hydrogen storage device requires a stable external environment. Therefore, a thermal management system needs to be designed and configured to achieve cooling and heat dissipation during the hydrogen absorption process, and to provide heat and maintain a constant temperature during the hydrogen release process. Figure 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides an AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system, including:

[0038] AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, water circulation system, hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, control system;

[0039] The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device is used to store and release hydrogen;

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen storage tank 3, a Y-shaped structural fin 1, a PCM heat storage material and a heat storage device housing.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen storage tank 3 is an inner tube shell with a hollow interior, and the inner tube shell is cylindrical; the Y-shaped structure fins 1 are evenly arranged outside the hydrogen storage tank 3, and PCM thermal storage material 2 is used between the heat storage device shell, the hydrogen storage tank 3 and the Y-shaped structure fins 1, wherein the PCM thermal storage material 2 is paraffin, and the distribution density of the Y-shaped structure fins 1 is obtained according to the properties of the selected PCM thermal storage material 2.

[0042] Specifically, the hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen storage tank 3, an inner tube shell of the heat storage device, a Y-shaped structure fin 1, a PCM heat storage material 2 and a heat storage device shell. The inner tube shell of the heat storage device is hollow to form a cylindrical hydrogen storage tank 3 body, and 8 Y-shaped structure fins 1 are connected to the outside. The outer side of the Y-shaped structure fin 1 is covered with a heat storage device shell. The gap formed by the Y-shaped structure fin 1 and the heat storage device shell is filled with PCM heat storage material 2. The heat of the hydrogen storage tank 3 is quickly transferred to the PCM heat storage material 2 through the Y-shaped structure fin. The PCM heat storage material 2 melts and uses the latent heat of phase change to store thermal energy, and then uses the stored thermal energy for subsequent heat exchange. PCM material uses paraffin, which is a low-cost, non-toxic, pollution-free phase change material with high latent heat value, and is widely used in various thermal management industrial equipment.

[0043] As an emerging technology, solid alloy hydrogen storage has the advantages of high safety, high volume hydrogen storage density, rapid hydrogen charging and discharging, and convenient transportation compared to high-pressure gas energy storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage. The AB-type solid alloy hydrogen storage device consists of manganese-cobalt rare earth metal alloy powder, a cylindrical hydrogen storage tank 3, and a circulating water device. The hydrogen storage alloy powder is filled in the hydrogen storage tank 3, and the heat is transferred by the hydrogen storage tank 3 body accompanied by the thermal effect of the hydrogen storage material in the process of absorbing / discharging hydrogen. Studies have shown that the cylindrical hydrogen storage tank 3 body with a circulating water device added to the outer layer has greatly improved heat exchange efficiency and the fastest kinetic reaction rate.

[0044] The water circulation system is used for heat management of the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; its main function is to complete the cooling and heat dissipation, heat exchange and supply of the fuel cell stack and the solid hydrogen storage device.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the water circulation system includes a first water circulation branch, a second water circulation branch, and a third water circulation branch;

[0046] The first water circulation branch includes a chiller and a hydrogen charging circulation water circuit; the chiller interacts with the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen charging circulation water circuit;

[0047] The second water circulation branch includes a water circulation pump, a PTC heater, a heat exchanger, and a water tank; the water circulation pump and the heat exchanger are connected to the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device through a water pipeline, a PTC heater is connected between the water circulation pump and the heat exchanger, and the water tank is connected to the heat exchanger;

[0048] The third water circulation branch includes a water circulation pump, a PTC heater, a heat exchanger, a water tank, and a radiator;

[0049] The heat exchanger is connected to the control system and the radiator, and the PTC heater is connected to the control system; the water tank and the PTC heater are respectively connected to a water circulation pump, and the water tank is connected to the PTC heater; both water circulation pumps are connected to the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system.

[0050] As a preferred implementation, the second water circulation branch and the third water circulation branch share a heat exchanger.

[0051] The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is used to generate electricity through the hydrogen in the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device;

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system includes a stack power generation module, a hydrogen supply module, an oxygen supply module, a DC-DC converter, an inverter, and a power battery;

[0053] The stack power generation module is connected to the hydrogen supply module, the oxygen supply module and the DC-DC converter respectively, and the inverter and the power battery are both connected to the DC-DC converter;

[0054] Among them, the hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen circulation pump and a gas-water separator, the gas-water separator is unidirectionally connected to the hydrogen circulation pump, the hydrogen circulation pump is unidirectionally connected to the fuel cell power generation module, and the fuel cell power generation module is unidirectionally connected to the gas-water separator.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment, the oxygen supply module includes an intercooler, an air compressor, and an air filter; the air filter, the air compressor and the intercooler are connected in sequence; the intercooler is unidirectionally connected to the stack power generation module and the PTC heater; the intercooler is connected to a water circulation pump.

[0056] Specifically, the system needs to supply a certain amount of hydrogen to maintain operation during operation, which is just connected in series with the hydrogen release process of the solid-state alloy hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the fuel cell stack is generally around 45%, and about 45% is its own heat loss. This part of the heat loss can be captured and utilized to provide heat for the hydrogen release process of the solid-state alloy hydrogen storage device, thereby realizing closed-loop control of temperature variables during the entire hydrogen release process.

[0057] The control system is used for operation monitoring and scheduling control of the thermal management system; specifically, the control system consists of components such as a controller, upper-level operation configuration, a thermostat, and sensors, which can realize process monitoring and precise adjustment of parameters such as temperature and water supply, and realize operation monitoring and scheduling control of the entire thermal management system.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment, the control system includes a thermostat, a sensor, and a controller; wherein the thermostat is connected to the fuel cell power generation module and the heat exchanger respectively; the sensor is arranged in a water pipeline and connected to the controller; and the controller controls each component in the thermal management system.

[0059] The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, the water circulation system and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system are connected in pairs.

[0060] The process flow of the entire thermal management system is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the thermal management process is divided into four parts, namely, hydrogen supply process, oxygen supply process, power generation process and water circulation process.

[0061] (1) Hydrogen supply process;

[0062] The solid alloy hydrogen storage device is used as a hydrogen source to transport hydrogen to the fuel cell stack through pipelines. During operation, the stack will discharge some of the mixed gases of water vapor, hydrogen and oxygen that have not reacted fully, and then re-enter the stack for reaction after gas-water separation and hydrogen circulation pump.

[0063] (2) oxygen supply process;

[0064] The air contains about 21% natural oxygen, which can be used as oxygen supply for fuel cell power generation. The air is filtered through filters for impurities, compressed to working pressure by air compressors, and then humidified and cooled by intercoolers before being transported to the fuel cell stack.

[0065] (3) Power generation technology;

[0066] Inside the fuel cell stack, hydrogen and oxygen undergo an electrochemical reaction, converting chemical energy into electrical energy, which is then transmitted to electrical equipment after DC / DC voltage stabilization and DC / AC inversion. Power batteries are used for power buffering and energy storage during the operation of the fuel cell stack.

[0067] (iv) water circulation process;

[0068] (1) Hydrogen absorption process;

[0069] During the hydrogen absorption process, the fuel cell stack stops running. The external chiller supplies heat to the solid alloy hydrogen storage device through the water pump and cooling water circulation pipeline.

[0070] (2) Hydrogen release process;

[0071] ① Cooling and heat dissipation of fuel cells: When the fuel cell stack starts running, the intercooler begins to draw water from the circulating water tank, cools down the pressurized gas, and exchanges heat to the water circulation pipe. After heating and temperature control by PTC, the water pump pumps warm water into the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell generates heat and performs heat exchange. The exchanged water flows out through the pipe and passes through the thermostat. Since the fuel cell stack needs a heat engine after cold start in the early stage, the working efficiency is low. Therefore, the thermostat will control the water flow when the temperature is low, and the water flow will be divided into the PTC for heating and then re-enter the fuel cell stack to complete the water circuit circulation. When the temperature reaches the normal heating temperature of the stack, the thermostat controls the water flow to flow through the heat exchanger, and after heat exchange, it flows into the radiator for heat dissipation, and then flows into the fuel cell stack after PTC temperature control to complete the cycle.

[0072] ②Solid alloy hydrogen storage device absorbs heat: cold water supplied by the circulating water tank flows through the water path of the heat exchanger and becomes warm water after heat exchange. Then the temperature is adjusted by the PTC heater and sent to the solid hydrogen storage device by the water pump for heat supply, completing the water cycle.

[0073] Control strategy:

[0074] The control strategy of the entire thermal management system includes several parts: (1) power supply control; (2) operation control; (3) temperature control;

[0075] Power supply control:

[0076] The power supply control mainly realizes the power switching of the solid alloy hydrogen storage device during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process. During the hydrogen absorption process, the fuel cell system stops running, and the system needs to design an external AC power supply circuit to provide power for the cooling water pump of the solid alloy hydrogen storage device. During the hydrogen desorption process, the fuel cell system starts running, the power supply circuit automatically cuts off the external circuit, and the fuel cell system supplies power to the entire thermal management system components. In addition, the fuel cell system is equipped with a DC battery, which can be used as the starting power supply of the fuel cell system.

[0077] Operation Control:

[0078] Operation control includes start-stop control and emergency control.

[0079] (1) Start-Stop Control

[0080] After the system is in place, start the fuel cell system and start generating electricity. At the same time, start the radiator, water pump and other components. After the stop command is executed, each component first performs the stop action and finally stops the fuel cell system.

[0081] (2) Emergency control

[0082] Because the fuel cell system requires external electrical equipment during its operation, this control mode is mainly used to protect the fuel cell system in the event of external load fluctuations, as well as to stop the entire system in the event of unexpected situations.

[0083] Temperature Control:

[0084] The ambient temperature requirement for hydrogen discharge in solid alloy hydrogen storage devices is 10°C to 30°C, and the ambient temperature requirement for fuel cells is 40°C. During the cooling cycle of the solid alloy hydrogen storage device and the cooling cycle of the fuel cell system, a temperature sensor is installed to detect the water flow temperature, and the appropriate temperature is adjusted through the PTC heater and thermostat.

[0085] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system, characterized in that: include: AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, water circulation system, hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, control system; The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device is used to store and release hydrogen; The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is used to generate electricity through the hydrogen in the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device; The water circulation system is used for heat management of the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; The control system is used for operation monitoring and scheduling control of the thermal management system; The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device, the water circulation system and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system are connected in pairs.

2. The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a Y-shaped structural fin, a PCM heat storage material and a heat storage device shell.

3. The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage tank is an inner tube shell with a hollow interior, and the inner tube shell is cylindrical; the Y-shaped structure fins are evenly arranged outside the hydrogen storage tank, and PCM thermal storage material is used between the heat storage device shell, the hydrogen storage tank and the Y-shaped structure fins, wherein the PCM thermal storage material is paraffin, and the distribution density of the Y-shaped structure fins is obtained according to the properties of the selected PCM thermal storage material.

4. The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water circulation system comprises a first water circulation branch, a second water circulation branch, and a third water circulation branch; The first water circulation branch includes a chiller and a hydrogen charging circulation water circuit; the chiller interacts with the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen charging circulation water circuit; The second water circulation branch includes a water circulation pump, a PTC heater, a heat exchanger, and a water tank; the water circulation pump and the heat exchanger are connected to the AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage device through a water pipeline, a PTC heater is connected between the water circulation pump and the heat exchanger, and the water tank is connected to the heat exchanger; The third water circulation branch includes a water circulation pump, a PTC heater, a heat exchanger, a water tank, and a radiator; The heat exchanger is connected to the control system and the radiator, and the PTC heater is connected to the control system; the water tank and the PTC heater are respectively connected to a water circulation pump, and the water tank is connected to the PTC heater; both water circulation pumps are connected to the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system.

5. The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second water circulation branch and the third water circulation branch share a heat exchanger.

6. The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system includes a stack power generation module, a hydrogen supply module, an oxygen supply module, a DC-DC converter, an inverter, and a power battery; The stack power generation module is connected to the hydrogen supply module, the oxygen supply module and the DC-DC converter respectively, and the inverter and the power battery are both connected to the DC-DC converter; Among them, the hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen circulation pump and a gas-water separator, the gas-water separator is unidirectionally connected to the hydrogen circulation pump, the hydrogen circulation pump is unidirectionally connected to the fuel cell power generation module, and the fuel cell power generation module is unidirectionally connected to the gas-water separator.

7. The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oxygen supply module includes an intercooler, an air compressor, and an air filter; The air filter, air compressor and intercooler are connected in sequence; the intercooler is unidirectionally connected to the stack power generation module and the PTC heater; the intercooler is connected to the water circulation pump.

8. The AB type solid alloy hydrogen storage thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control system includes a thermostat, a sensor, and a controller; The thermostat is connected to the stack power generation module and the heat exchanger respectively; the sensor is arranged in the water pipeline and connected to the controller; the controller controls each component in the thermal management system.

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