Rapid wheat straw biodegradation device

Abstract

The invention relates to a wheat straw rapid biodegradation device which comprises a compaction box with two open ends, a support and a smashing box with a feeding hopper and a discharging hopper, the compaction box and the smashing box are connected through the support, the discharging hopper is arranged at the lower end of the smashing box, a driving part is arranged on the outer side wall of the smashing box, and the driving part is arranged on the lower end of the smashing box. A crushing shaft extending into the crushing box is arranged at the output end of the driving part, and a plurality of crushing cutters are arranged on the crushing shaft; a receiving hopper corresponding to the discharging hopper is arranged at the upper end of the compaction box, and a push plate is horizontally and slidably connected to the interior of the compaction box; after straw is smashed through the smashing cutter, the straw is pushed to the discharging end of the compaction box through the push plate, the straw is gradually extruded and compacted in the moving process, the compacted straw is discharged from the discharging end, the air permeability of the straw is reduced, the oxygen content is reduced, water loss in the straw in the degradation process is reduced, and the degradation efficiency is improved. Favorable conditions are provided for growth and activity of anaerobic microorganisms, and the degradation speed of the microorganisms on the wheat straw is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of straw processing, in particular to a wheat straw rapid biodegradation device. Background Art

[0002] Chinese farmers have a long history of using crop straw, but due to the low level of agricultural production and low yield in the past, the amount of straw was small. Except for a small amount of straw used as bedding, feeding livestock, and some used for composting, most of the straw was burned as fuel. With the development of agricultural production, China's grain output has increased significantly since the 1980s, and the amount of straw has also increased. In addition, the promotion of firewood and coal saving technology, the popularization of coal burning and the use of liquefied gas have resulted in a large amount of surplus straw in rural areas. If these straw resources are not effectively utilized and processed, it will cause great waste of resources and environmental pressure. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of straw is not only in line with the concept of sustainable development, but also has very important practical significance for ecological environmental protection and agricultural efficiency.

[0003] Straw degradation methods include chemical treatment, physical treatment and microbial treatment. Although chemical treatment has a good effect, it is costly, difficult to operate, and also has environmental pollution problems. Physical treatment has a relatively low cost and is easy to operate, but the processing time is long. Microbial treatment has the advantages of low cost, safety and practicality, and is recognized by more and more users. The method is to add microbial agents to wheat straw and then compost and ferment. However, the loose stacking of these straws is not conducive to the rapid degradation of microorganisms. The reasons are: (1) The cell structure of the straw is intact, the contact area between the straw and the microbial agent is small, and it is difficult to release nutrients for microorganisms to use; (2) Good air permeability means high oxygen content, which is not conducive to the activity of anaerobic microorganisms; (3) The moisture in the straw is easily lost due to looseness, and the humidity is reduced, which is not conducive to the growth and activity of microorganisms. Therefore, it is urgent to design a wheat straw rapid biodegradation device to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides a wheat straw rapid biodegradation device, which can solve the problem in the prior art that the wheat straw degradation method using direct composting fermentation is loosely stacked together, which is not conducive to rapid degradation by microorganisms.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a wheat straw rapid biodegradation device, comprising a compaction box with openings at both ends, a bracket and a crushing box with a feed hopper and a discharge hopper, the compaction box and the crushing box are connected by the bracket, the discharge hopper is arranged at the lower end of the crushing box, a driving part is arranged on the outer side wall of the crushing box, a crushing shaft extending into the crushing box is arranged at the output end of the driving part, and a plurality of crushing knives are arranged on the crushing shaft;

[0006] The upper end of the compaction box is provided with a receiving hopper corresponding to the discharge hopper, the interior of the compaction box is horizontally slidably connected with a push plate, the crushing shaft is provided with a driving bevel gear, the bracket is rotatably connected with a driven bevel gear meshing with the driving bevel gear, the driven bevel gear is coaxially provided with a disc, the disc is eccentrically rotatably connected with a first connecting rod, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the push plate.

[0007] Preferably, a baffle plate is provided at the upper end of the push plate and is sealingly and slidably connected to the inner top wall of the compaction box.

[0008] Preferably, the discharge end of the compaction box is a constricted structure.

[0009] Preferably, an avoidance groove is provided at the upper end of the crushing box, a cylindrical filter screen is rotatably connected inside the crushing box, the cylindrical filter screen coincides with the central axis of the crushing shaft, an outer gear ring is provided on the circumference of the cylindrical filter screen, a driving pulley is provided on the crushing shaft, and a driven pulley is rotatably connected to the upper end of the crushing box, a belt is connected between the driving pulley and the driven pulley, a first driving gear is coaxially provided on the driven pulley, and the first driving gear passes through the avoidance groove and is meshed with the outer gear ring.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of lifting plates are arranged in an annular array on the inner wall of the cylindrical filter, and the lifting plates are spaced apart from the crushing knives.

[0011] Preferably, two guide grooves are provided inside two opposite side walls of the crushing box, and the cylindrical filter is rotatably connected to the crushing box through the two guide grooves.

[0012] Preferably, the crushing shaft is a hollow structure, the surface of the crushing shaft located inside the crushing box is provided with a liquid outlet hole connected to the interior thereof, the compaction box is provided with a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is connected to a water pump, and the water pump is rotatably connected to the crushing shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the water pump includes a piston cylinder, a piston slidably connected to the piston cylinder, and a piston rod connected to the piston and extending out of the piston cylinder. The piston cylinder is provided with a liquid outlet pipe rotatably connected to the pulverizing shaft and a liquid suction pipe connected to the liquid storage tank.

[0014] Preferably, the liquid outlet pipe and the liquid suction pipe are respectively provided with a liquid one-way valve.

[0015] Preferably, a second driving gear is provided on the pulverizing shaft, a driven gear meshing with the second driving gear is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the pulverizing box, a second connecting rod is eccentrically rotatably connected to the driven gear, and the lower end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the piston rod.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention cooperates with a compaction box, a bracket, a feed hopper, a discharge hopper, a crushing box, a driving part, a crushing shaft, a crushing knife, a receiving hopper, a push plate, an active bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a disc and a first connecting rod. The driving part drives the crushing shaft and the active bevel gear to rotate, the crushing shaft drives the crushing knife to rotate, the active bevel gear drives the disc to rotate through the driven bevel gear, and the disc drives the push plate to perform reciprocating linear motion inside the compaction box through the first connecting rod, so that the wheat straw is fed from the feed hopper into the crushing box, and the rotating crushing knife crushes the wheat straw to destroy it. The cell structure of the straw increases the contact area between wheat straw and microorganisms, which is conducive to the release of nutrients for microorganisms to use. It is also easier to be squeezed and compacted. The crushed straw passes through the discharge hopper and the receiving hopper in turn and enters the compacting box. The push plate pushes the straw to the discharge end of the compacting box. The straw is gradually squeezed and compacted during the movement, and the compacted straw is discharged from the discharge end, which reduces the air permeability of the straw, reduces the oxygen content, and reduces the water loss in the straw during the degradation process, providing favorable conditions for the growth and activity of anaerobic microorganisms, and increasing the degradation rate of wheat straw by microorganisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the main view part of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front and cross-sectional structure of the compaction box of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the cylindrical filter screen of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the crushing shaft of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the guide groove structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the piston cylinder of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. compaction box; 2. bracket; 3. crushing box; 4. driving part; 5. crushing shaft; 6. crushing knife; 7. feed hopper; 8. discharge hopper; 9. receiving hopper; 10. push plate; 11. first connecting rod; 12. driving bevel gear; 13. driven bevel gear; 14. disc; 15. baffle; 16. cylindrical filter; 17. driving pulley; 18. driven pulley; 19. belt; 20. first driving gear; 21. outer gear ring; 22. guide groove; 23. liquid storage box; 24. liquid outlet; 25. lifting plate; 26. piston cylinder; 27. piston; 28. piston rod; 29. ​​liquid outlet pipe; 30. suction pipe; 31. second driving gear; 32. driven gear; 33. second connecting rod; 34. avoidance groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 to Figure 6 As shown, a wheat straw rapid biodegradation device comprises a compaction box 1 with openings at both ends, a bracket 2 and a crushing box 3 with a feed hopper 7 and a discharge hopper 8, wherein the feed hopper 7 is arranged at the upper end of the side wall of the crushing box 3, the compaction box 1 is connected to the crushing box 3 through the bracket 2, the discharge hopper 8 is arranged at the lower end of the crushing box 3, a driving part 4 is arranged on the outer side wall of the crushing box 3, the driving part 4 is preferably a motor, and a crushing shaft 5 extending into the interior of the crushing box 3 is arranged at the output end of the driving part 4, and a plurality of crushing knives 6 are arranged on the crushing shaft 5;

[0026] A receiving hopper 9 corresponding to the discharge hopper 8 is provided at the upper end of the compaction box 1, and a push plate 10 is horizontally slidably connected inside the compaction box 1. A driving bevel gear 12 is provided on the crushing shaft 5, and a driven bevel gear 13 meshing with the driving bevel gear 12 is rotatably connected to the bracket 2. A disc 14 is coaxially provided on the driven bevel gear 13, and a first connecting rod 11 is eccentrically rotatably connected to the disc 14. The other end of the first connecting rod 11 is hinged to the push plate 10.

[0027] During specific use, the motor drives the crushing shaft 5 and the active bevel gear 12 to rotate, the crushing shaft 5 drives the crushing knife 6 to rotate, the active bevel gear 12 drives the disc 14 to rotate through the driven bevel gear 13, and the disc 14 drives the push plate 10 to do reciprocating linear motion inside the compacting box 1 through the first connecting rod 11, so that the wheat straw is sent from the feed hopper 7 into the crushing box 3, and the rotating crushing knife 6 crushes the wheat straw to destroy the cell structure of the straw, increase the contact area between the wheat straw and the microorganism, and is conducive to releasing nutrients for the use of microorganisms. It is also easier to be squeezed and compacted. The crushed straw passes through the discharge hopper 8 and the receiving hopper 9 in turn and enters the compacting box 1. The push plate 10 pushes the straw to the discharge end of the compacting box 1. The straw is gradually squeezed and compacted during the movement, and the compacted straw is discharged from the discharge end, which reduces the air permeability of the straw, reduces the oxygen content, and reduces the water loss in the straw during the degradation process, providing favorable conditions for the growth and activity of anaerobic microorganisms.

[0028] In order to achieve the purpose of rapid biodegradation of wheat straw, preferably, the upper end of the push plate 10 is provided with a baffle 15 which is sealingly and slidably connected to the inner top wall of the compacting box 1. Through the setting of the baffle 15, when the push plate 10 pushes the straw to the discharge end of the compacting box 1, the baffle 15 seals the receiving hopper 9 to prevent the straw from falling to the side of the push plate 10 away from the discharge end of the compacting box 1. When the push plate 10 returns to its original position, the receiving hopper 9 opens and the straw falls into the compacting box 1.

[0029] In order to achieve the purpose of rapid biodegradation of wheat straw, preferably, the discharge end of the compaction box 1 is a constricted structure. When the push plate 10 pushes the straw to the discharge end of the compaction box 1, the space becomes smaller, which is conducive to compressing the straw, increasing the compaction degree, and achieving rapid biodegradation of wheat straw.

[0030] In order to achieve the purpose of rapid biodegradation of wheat straw, preferably, an avoidance groove 34 is opened at the upper end of the crushing box 3, and a cylindrical filter screen 16 is rotatably connected inside the crushing box 3, and the cylindrical filter screen 16 coincides with the central axis of the crushing shaft 5. An outer gear ring 21 is arranged on the circumference of the cylindrical filter screen 16, and a driving pulley 17 is arranged on the crushing shaft 5. The upper end of the crushing box 3 is rotatably connected to a driven pulley 18, and a belt 19 is transmission-connected between the driving pulley 17 and the driven pulley 18. The driven pulley 18 is coaxially provided with a first driving gear 20, and the first driving gear 20 passes through the avoidance groove 34 and is meshed with the outer gear ring 21. A plurality of lifting plates 25 are arranged in an annular array on the inner wall of the cylindrical filter screen 16, and the lifting plates 25 are spaced apart from the crushing knife 6. Two guide grooves 22 are arranged inside the two opposite side walls of the crushing box 3, and the cylindrical filter screen 16 is rotatably connected to the crushing box 3 through the two guide grooves 22.

[0031] When in use, the crushing shaft 5 simultaneously drives the active pulley 17 to rotate, the active pulley 17 drives the driven pulley 18 to rotate through the belt 19, and the driven pulley 18 drives the first active gear 20 to rotate. Under the guiding effect of the two guide grooves 22 on the cylindrical filter screen 16, the first active gear 20 drives the cylindrical filter screen 16 and the crushing knife 6 to rotate in the opposite direction through the outer gear ring 21. After crushing, the straw that meets the particle size requirements passes through the cylindrical filter screen 16 and falls, while the straw that does not meet the particle size requirements rises under the lifting effect of the cylindrical filter screen 16 and the lifting plate 25, falls to a high position, and is crushed again by the crushing knife 6. The rotating cylindrical filter screen 16 is beneficial to avoid the mesh being blocked by the straw, and also improves the uniformity of the straw crushing, which is beneficial to the compaction of the straw, thereby realizing the rapid biodegradation of the wheat straw.

[0032] In order to achieve the purpose of rapid biodegradation of wheat straw, preferably, the crushing shaft 5 is a hollow structure, the surface of the part of the crushing shaft 5 located inside the crushing box 3 is provided with a liquid outlet 24 connected to the interior thereof, a liquid storage tank 23 is provided on the compacting box 1, the liquid storage tank 23 is connected to a water pump, the water pump is rotatably connected to the crushing shaft 5, the water pump comprises a piston cylinder 26, a piston 27 slidably connected to the piston cylinder 26, and a piston rod 28 connected to the piston 27 and extending out of the piston cylinder 26, the piston cylinder 26 is provided with a liquid outlet pipe 29 rotatably connected to the crushing shaft 5 and a liquid suction pipe 30 connected to the liquid storage tank 23, the liquid outlet pipe 29 and the liquid suction pipe 30 are respectively provided with liquid one-way valves, a second driving gear 31 is provided on the crushing shaft 5, a driven gear 32 meshing with the second driving gear 31 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the crushing box 3, a second connecting rod 33 is eccentrically rotatably connected to the driven gear 32, and the lower end of the second connecting rod 33 is hinged to the piston rod 28.

[0033] When in use, the pulverizing shaft 5 simultaneously drives the second driving gear 31 to rotate, and the second driving gear 31 drives the driven gear 32 to rotate, and the driven gear 32 drives the piston 27 to perform piston movement inside the piston cylinder 26 through the second connecting rod 33 and the piston rod 28. Since the one-way valve in the pipette 30 only allows the microbial agent to flow from the liquid storage tank 23 to the piston cylinder 26, and the one-way valve in the liquid outlet pipe 29 only allows the microbial agent to flow from the piston cylinder 26 to the pulverizing shaft 5, the microbial agent in the liquid storage tank 23 is transported to the pulverizing shaft 5 and is rotated and sprayed out from the liquid outlet hole 24 on the pulverizing shaft 5. The sprayed microbial agent can evenly contact the pulverized straw, which is beneficial to the rapid biodegradation of the wheat straw. Moreover, the pulverization and the spraying of the microbial agent are carried out simultaneously, which is also beneficial to the rapid biodegradation of the wheat straw.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is provided with the cooperation of the compacting box 1, the bracket 2, the feed hopper 7, the discharge hopper 8, the crushing box 3, the driving part 4, the crushing shaft 5, the crushing knife 6, the receiving hopper 9, the push plate 10, the active bevel gear 12, the driven bevel gear 13, the disc 14 and the first connecting rod 11. The driving part 4 drives the crushing shaft 5 and the active bevel gear 12 to rotate, the crushing shaft 5 drives the crushing knife 6 to rotate, the active bevel gear 12 drives the disc 14 to rotate through the driven bevel gear 13, and the disc 14 drives the push plate 10 to make reciprocating linear motion inside the compacting box 1 through the first connecting rod 11, so as to feed the wheat straw from the feed hopper 7 into the crushing box 3, and rotate The crushing knife 6 crushes the wheat straw, destroys the cell structure of the straw, increases the contact area between the wheat straw and the microorganism, is conducive to the release of nutrients for the use of microorganisms, and is easier to be squeezed and compacted. The crushed straw passes through the discharge hopper 8 and the receiving hopper 9 in turn and enters the compacting box 1. The push plate 10 pushes the straw to the discharge end of the compacting box 1. The straw is gradually squeezed and compacted during the movement. The compacted straw is discharged from the discharge end, which reduces the air permeability of the straw, reduces the oxygen content, and reduces the water loss in the straw during the degradation process, providing favorable conditions for the growth and activity of anaerobic microorganisms, and increasing the degradation rate of wheat straw by microorganisms.

[0035] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wheat straw rapid biodegradation device, comprising a compaction box (1) with openings at both ends, a support (2) and a crushing box (3) having a feed hopper (7) and a discharge hopper (8), Features: The compaction box (1) and the crushing box (3) are connected via a bracket (2); the discharge hopper (8) is arranged at the lower end of the crushing box (3); a driving unit (4) is arranged on the outer wall of the crushing box (3); a crushing shaft (5) extending into the crushing box (3) is arranged at the output end of the driving unit (4); and a plurality of crushing knives (6) are arranged on the crushing shaft (5); The upper end of the compaction box (1) is provided with a receiving hopper (9) corresponding to the discharge hopper (8), the interior of the compaction box (1) is horizontally slidably connected with a push plate (10), the crushing shaft (5) is provided with an active bevel gear (12), the bracket (2) is rotatably connected with a driven bevel gear (13) meshing with the active bevel gear (12), the driven bevel gear (13) is coaxially provided with a disc (14), the disc (14) is eccentrically rotatably connected with a first connecting rod (11), and the other end of the first connecting rod (11) is hinged to the push plate (10).

2. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 1, Features: The upper end of the push plate (10) is provided with a baffle (15) which is sealingly and slidably connected to the inner top wall of the compaction box (1).

3. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 1 or 2, Features: The discharge end of the compaction box (1) is a constricted structure.

4. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 3, Features: The upper end of the crushing box (3) is provided with an avoidance groove (34), the interior of the crushing box (3) is rotatably connected with a cylindrical filter screen (16), the cylindrical filter screen (16) coincides with the central axis of the crushing shaft (5), an outer toothed ring (21) is arranged on the circumference of the cylindrical filter screen (16), a driving pulley (17) is arranged on the crushing shaft (5), the upper end of the crushing box (3) is rotatably connected with a driven pulley (18), a belt (19) is transmission-connected between the driving pulley (17) and the driven pulley (18), the driven pulley (18) is coaxially provided with a first driving gear (20), the first driving gear (20) passes through the avoidance groove (34) and is meshedly connected with the outer toothed ring (21).

5. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 4, Features: A plurality of lifting plates (25) are arranged in an annular array on the inner wall of the cylindrical filter screen (16), and the lifting plates (25) are arranged at intervals from the crushing blades (6).

6. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 5, Features: Two guide grooves (22) are arranged inside two opposite side walls of the crushing box (3), and the cylindrical filter screen (16) is rotatably connected to the crushing box (3) via the two guide grooves (22).

7. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 6, Features: The pulverizing shaft (5) is of a hollow structure. The surface of the pulverizing shaft (5) located inside the pulverizing box (3) is provided with a liquid outlet hole (24) connected to the inside of the pulverizing box (3). The compacting box (1) is provided with a liquid storage tank (23). The liquid storage tank (23) is connected to a water pump. The water pump is rotatably connected to the pulverizing shaft (5).

8. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 7, Features: The water pump comprises a piston cylinder (26), a piston (27) slidably connected to the piston cylinder (26), and a piston rod (28) connected to the piston (27) and extending out of the piston cylinder (26); the piston cylinder (26) is provided with a liquid outlet pipe (29) rotatably connected to the pulverizing shaft (5) and a liquid suction pipe (30) connected to the liquid storage tank (23).

9. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 8, Features: The liquid outlet pipe (29) and the liquid suction pipe (30) are respectively provided with a liquid check valve.

10. The wheat straw rapid biodegradation device according to claim 9, Features: The crushing shaft (5) is provided with a second driving gear (31), the outer wall of the crushing box (3) is rotatably connected to a driven gear (32) meshing with the second driving gear (31), the driven gear (32) is eccentrically rotatably connected to a second connecting rod (33), and the lower end of the second connecting rod (33) is hinged to a piston rod (28).

Images