Shield launching tool and shield launching method

Abstract

The invention provides a shield launching tool and a shield launching method, and belongs to the field of tunneling equipment. The shield launching tool comprises a launching counter-force frame and further comprises a guide frame, and a propelling counter-force frame is detachably fixed to the guide frame. The shield launching method comprises the steps that in the launching tunneling process, a propelling oil cylinder on the lower portion of a shield tunneling machine abuts against a negative semi-ring segment, a propelling oil cylinder on the upper portion of the shield tunneling machine abuts against a propelling counter-force frame, and after the shield tunneling machine is propelled forwards by a certain distance, fixation of the propelling counter-force frame and a guide frame is relieved; and after the propelling reaction frame is pushed forwards for a certain distance, the propelling reaction frame and the guide frame are fixed again, and the shield tunneling machine is propelled next time. Supporting counter force is provided for the thrust oil cylinder on the upper half portion of the shield tunneling machine, it is guaranteed that the shield tunneling machine and the negative semi-ring duct piece can be stressed evenly, and therefore the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction quality is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of tunnel excavation equipment, and in particular relates to a shield starting tool and a shield starting method. Background Art

[0002] Shield construction is an important way to construct tunnels and underground projects. When the shield machine starts, a special starting tooling is required to provide it with a propulsion reaction force. Generally, the starting site needs to be of sufficient length so that construction materials can be hoisted to the rear of the starting tooling, and then passed through the starting tooling from back to front and into the assembled negative ring segments.

[0003] However, it is difficult to provide enough starting construction space in the city, so the starting shaft for the shield machine to start operation is small in size, and it is necessary to assemble negative half-ring segments in the starting shaft to facilitate the vertical lifting of construction materials. For example, the Chinese utility model patent with the authorization announcement number CN214247328U discloses a shield starting reaction force device for use in a limited space, which includes a reaction frame, an inclined support member arranged behind the reaction frame, and a shield machine starting base arranged in front of the reaction frame. A negative half-ring segment is installed above the shield machine starting base, and a front reference steel ring and a rear reference steel ring are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the negative half-ring segment. A negative full-ring segment is assembled in front of the front reference steel ring, and the shield machine is located in front of the negative full-ring segment.

[0004] The negative half ring segment only has the lower half ring segment, and the upper part is an open structure. Materials can be directly hoisted from the construction shaft into the negative half ring segment, thus saving a lot of space. When assembling the entire ring of segments, since the upper half of the segments are not connected to the reaction frame, they cannot provide reaction force for the thrust cylinder on the upper part of the shield machine. In the above utility model patent, a horizontal steel pipe support is set between the front reference steel ring and the rear reference steel ring. The horizontal steel pipe support is above the negative half ring segment to make up for the missing support above the negative half ring segment.

[0005] However, at the initial stage of the shield machine, before the negative full ring segments are assembled, the horizontal steel pipe support cannot be used to provide the shield machine with a full circumferential reaction force. The reaction force obtained by the shield machine in the circumference is uneven. In addition, due to limited space, the shield machine cannot carry the supporting accessories, so the initial posture of the shield machine is difficult to control, resulting in the deviation of the center line of the shield body and the central axis of the tunnel. Moreover, at the initial stage, the negative half ring segments are unevenly stressed, which is easy to cause the negative half ring segments to break; the uneven stress of the negative half ring segments is also easy to cause the adjacent segments to misalign, which will make the sealing effect between the segments worse; the damage and misalignment of the negative half ring segments will affect the assembly quality of the full ring segments, making it easy for water and soil leakage to occur in the tunnel, and even cause surface collapse and safety accidents. Summary of the invention

[0006] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a shield starting tooling to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the shield machine is difficult to adjust its posture in the early stage of starting and the negative half-ring segments are damaged and misaligned due to uneven force.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a shield starting method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention is: A shield starting tooling comprises a starting reaction frame and a semi-ring segment support frame for supporting negative semi-ring segments, and also comprises a guide frame connected in front of the starting reaction frame and located above the semi-ring segment support frame, wherein a material passing space for materials to pass through in an up-and-down direction is provided on the guide frame or at least one side of the guide frame is provided with a material passing space, and a propulsion reaction frame is detachably fixed on the guide frame, and when the propulsion reaction frame is fixedly connected to the guide frame, it is used to provide a propulsion reaction force for the shield machine together with the negative semi-ring segment below, and when the propulsion reaction frame is unfixed from the guide frame, it can slide forward and backward along the guide frame, and a plurality of fixing positions arranged forward and backward are provided on the guide frame to fix the propulsion reaction frame after it slides into place.

[0009] As a further improvement, two groups of guide frames are provided, and the two groups of guide frames are arranged in a lateral interval, and the space between the two groups of guide frames constitutes the passing space, and the propulsion reaction frame includes a main body and sliding parts located on both sides of the main body, and the sliding parts are detachably fixedly connected to the corresponding guide frames and can slide back and forth relative to the guide frames after the fixed connection is released.

[0010] As a further improvement, the main body includes a main frame and a support frame located in front of the main frame, the support frame is used to extend into the tail shield of the shield machine and to be pushed together or fixedly connected with the corresponding thrust cylinder, the support frame is an arc-shaped structure and is provided with one, or the support frame is a columnar structure and is provided with at least two arranged along the circumferential direction.

[0011] As a further improvement, at least three support frames are provided, each of which is equipped with a bracket, which includes a supporting portion for supporting the support frame and a fixing portion for fixedly connecting to the tail shield of the shield machine during the starting process.

[0012] As a further improvement, a group of guide frames includes at least two guide slides for guiding the single-sided sliding part, and each guide slide is arranged up and down, and the single-sided sliding part includes at least two arranged up and down, and each sliding part can slide back and forth along the corresponding guide slide.

[0013] As a further improvement, a group of guide frames includes at least two pairs of guide beams, the two guide beams of the same pair are arranged up and down, and the space between the two guide beams of the same pair constitutes a guide slideway.

[0014] As a further improvement, a reinforcement body is fixedly connected between two adjacent guide beams in different pairs.

[0015] As a further improvement, the sliding part and the guide frame are fixed by fixing bolts, and the sliding part and the guide frame are provided with connecting holes for installing the fixing bolts, wherein a plurality of connecting holes are arranged on the guide frame along the front-to-back direction and each connecting hole constitutes a fixed position, or the connecting holes are arranged in groups, and a plurality of groups of connecting holes are arranged on the guide frame along the front-to-back direction and each group of connecting holes constitutes a fixed position.

[0016] As a further improvement, the front end of the guide frame is used to cooperate with the corresponding thrust cylinder of the shield machine, and the guide frame is also provided with a driving device for driving the thrust reaction frame to move forward along the guide frame.

[0017] As a further improvement, the driving device includes a stepping reaction frame located behind the propulsion reaction frame, a stepping oil cylinder is connected between the stepping reaction frame and the propulsion reaction frame, the stepping reaction frame and the guide frame are detachably fixedly connected, and are used to provide reaction force for the stepping oil cylinder when the stepping reaction frame and the guide frame are fixedly connected, and can slide forward and backward along the guide frame when the stepping reaction frame and the guide frame are released, and a plurality of front-to-back mounting positions are provided on the guide frame to fix the stepping reaction frame after it slides into place.

[0018] As a further improvement, the main frame includes an arched beam and a horizontal beam. The horizontal beam is fixedly connected to the arch of the arched beam. Both ends of the horizontal beam and the arched beam are provided with sliding parts, and the support frame is arranged on the arched beam.

[0019] As a further improvement, the front end of the guide frame is provided with a front end connecting portion for fixing to the well wall of the starting well.

[0020] The beneficial effect is that the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention is an improvement on the prior art. The present invention provides a support reaction force for the propulsion cylinder of the upper part of the shield machine by setting a propulsion reaction frame, and the lower part of the shield machine is provided with a support reaction force by the negative half-ring segment, so as to ensure that the shield machine can be evenly stressed in the entire circumference, which is beneficial to the posture control of the shield machine; at the same time, each negative half-ring segment can also be evenly stressed, preventing the damage and misalignment of the negative half-ring segment, ensuring a high construction quality, and improving construction safety.

[0021] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the shield starting method provided by the present invention is: A shield starting method comprises the following steps: after a starting well is excavated, a starting reaction frame is installed on opposite side walls of the starting well and a starting guide tunnel is excavated; during the initial excavation, a propulsion oil cylinder at the bottom of the shield machine abuts against a negative half-ring segment; before the initial excavation, a guide frame is installed between one side wall of the starting guide tunnel of the starting well and the other opposite side wall or between the starting reaction frame, and the propulsion reaction frame is detachably fixed on the guide frame; during the initial excavation, at least part of the propulsion oil cylinder at the top of the shield machine abuts against the propulsion reaction frame, and the propulsion reaction frame and the negative half-ring segment provide propulsion reaction force for the shield machine together; after the shield machine advances forward for a certain distance, the fixation of the propulsion reaction frame and the guide frame is released, and the propulsion reaction frame is moved forward for a certain distance and then fixed to the guide frame again, so as to realize the stepping of the propulsion reaction frame.

[0022] As a further improvement, the distance the shield machine advances each time is equal to the width of a ring of segments. After each advancement, the negative half ring of segments is assembled and the reaction frame is moved forward at the same time.

[0023] As a further improvement, when assembling the first ring of full-ring segments, the thrust reaction frame no longer moves forward, and the thrust reaction frame provides support for the first ring of full-ring segments behind the first ring of full-ring segments.

[0024] As a further improvement, the extension of each propulsion cylinder is adjusted according to the soil pressure distribution in front of the shield machine during the propulsion process to control the propulsion posture of the shield machine.

[0025] As a further improvement, under the working condition of starting downhill, the angle between the extension direction of the guide frame and the horizontal direction is smaller than the angle between the excavation direction of the shield machine and the horizontal direction.

[0026] The beneficial effect is that the shield starting method provided by the present invention is an improvement on the prior art. The present invention uses a propulsion reaction frame to provide a support reaction force for the propulsion cylinder of the upper part of the shield machine, and the lower part of the shield machine is provided with a support reaction force by the negative half-ring segment, so as to ensure that the shield machine can be evenly stressed in the entire circumference, which is beneficial to the posture control of the shield machine; at the same time, each negative half-ring segment can also be evenly stressed, preventing the damage and misalignment of the negative half-ring segment, ensuring a high construction quality, and improving construction safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 1 of the shield starting tooling in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the use state of Example 1 of the shield starting tooling in the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Section view along AA; Figure 4 for Figure 2Sectional view along BB; Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of Example 1 of the shield starting tooling in the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 View from the center C direction.

[0028] Description of reference numerals: 1. Starting reaction frame; 2. Guide frame; 21. Guide beam; 22. Guide slideway; 23. Support rib plate; 3. Push reaction frame; 31. Main body; 311. Main frame; 3111. Horizontal beam; 3112. Arched beam; 312. Support frame; 32. Sliding part; 4. Driving device; 41. Stepping reaction frame; 411. Reaction beam; 412. Guide matching part; 42. Stepping cylinder; 43. Hydraulic pump station; 5. Fixing bolts; 6. Bracket; 7. Shield Construction machine; 71. Cutterhead; 72. Tail shield; 73. Propulsion cylinder; 74. Shield tail wire brush; 75. Shield tail steel plate brush; 76. Segment assembler; 77. Screw conveyor; 78. Support shoe; 8. Starting well; 81. Starting guide tunnel; 82. Starting excavation face; 83. Starting sealing ring; 84. Strengthening foundation; 85. Starting guide platform; 86. Semi-ring segment support frame; 87. Negative semi-ring segment; 88. Enclosure structure; 9. Temporary slag trolley; 10. Temporary segment trolley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0030] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the basic concept of the present invention is to provide a supporting reaction force for the thrust cylinder of the upper part of the shield machine to ensure that the shield machine and the negative half-ring segments can be evenly stressed, thereby improving construction efficiency and ensuring construction quality.

[0031] Specific embodiment 1 of the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention: The shield starting tooling is installed in the starting shaft 8, see the attached Figure 1 The starting shaft 8 includes a vertical shaft, and the inner wall of the vertical shaft is provided with a retaining structure 88. The inner wall of the retaining structure 88 constitutes the inner wall of the starting shaft 8. A starting guide tunnel 81 is excavated on one of the side walls of the starting shaft 8, and the bottom of the starting guide tunnel 81 is the starting excavation surface 82. A starting sealing ring 83 is provided in the starting guide tunnel 81, and the starting sealing ring 83 is used to seal with the outer peripheral surface of the shield machine 7. A reinforced foundation 84 is provided at the bottom of the starting guide tunnel 81, and a starting guide platform 85 for supporting the shield machine 7 is provided on the upper side of the reinforced foundation 84. The starting guide platform 85 is adjacent to the side wall where the starting guide tunnel 81 of the starting shaft 8 is located, and a cushion layer is provided on the side of the starting guide platform 85 away from the starting guide tunnel 81.

[0032] The shield starting tooling includes a starting reaction frame 1, a guide frame 2, a propulsion reaction frame 3 and a semi-ring segment support frame 86. The semi-ring segment support frame 86 is arranged above the cushion layer, and negative semi-ring segments 87 arranged in sequence in the front-rear direction are arranged above the semi-ring segment support frame 86.

[0033] The starting reaction frame 1 is fixed on the other side wall of the starting well 8 opposite to the side wall where the starting guide tunnel 81 is located. The lower end of the starting reaction frame 1 is fixedly connected to the semi-ring segment support frame 86. The starting reaction frame 1 is directly opposite to the starting guide tunnel 81, and the rear side wall of the negative semi-ring segment 87 at the rear end is press-fitted with the starting reaction frame 1.

[0034] Combined with Figure 4 There are two sets of guide frames 2, which are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction (i.e., the left and right direction of the shield machine 7). During the initial operation, the two sets of guide frames 2 are respectively located obliquely above the two sides of the shield machine 7. The guide frames 2 are arranged on both sides of the shield machine 7, so that a passing space for materials to pass in the up and down direction can be formed between the two sets of guide frames 2, i.e., above the negative half-ring segment 87, which is convenient for vertical lifting of materials and effectively improves the construction efficiency.

[0035] The guide frame 2 includes two pairs of guide beams 21, and the guide beams 21 are made of H-shaped steel. One end of each guide beam 21 is fixedly connected to the starting reaction frame 1, and the other end of each guide beam 21 is fixed to the side wall of the starting guide tunnel 81 of the starting shaft 8 through the front end connection part. The two pairs of guide beams 21 are arranged up and down, and the two guide beams 21 in the same pair are also arranged up and down. The space between the two guide beams 21 in the same pair forms a guide slide 22. A reinforcement body is fixedly connected between two adjacent guide beams 21 in different pairs, and the reinforcement body is specifically a support rib 23. The reinforcement body can enhance the overall strength of the guide frame 2. In other embodiments, the reinforcement body can also be a support column or a diagonal brace. In other embodiments, when the strength of the guide beam 21 is relatively large or only one pair of guide beams 21 is provided, the reinforcement body may not be provided.

[0036] See attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 5The propulsion reaction frame 3 is arranged between the two groups of guide frames 2. The propulsion reaction frame 3 includes a main body 31 and a sliding part 32. The main body 31 includes a main frame body 311 and a support frame body 312. Four support frames 312 are provided. The support frames 312 are all columnar and cantilevered on the front side of the main frame body 311. Specifically, the main frame body 311 includes a circular arched arch beam 3112 and a horizontal beam 3111 extending horizontally. The horizontal beam 3111 is fixedly connected to the arch top of the arch beam 3112. Each support frame body 312 is fixedly connected to the arch beam 3112 and is evenly spaced along the arch beam 3112. During the initial operation, each support frame body 312 is used to provide support for the propulsion cylinder 73 on the upper part of the shield machine 7. The horizontal beam 3111 can provide support at the arch top position of the arch beam 3112 to ensure the high structural strength of the main frame body 311.

[0037] Both ends of the horizontal beam 3111 and both ends of the arched beam 3112 are provided with sliding parts 32, so two sliding parts 32 arranged up and down are provided on both sides of the entire main body 31. The sliding part 32 is located between the corresponding two guide beams 21 (that is, located in the corresponding guide slide 22), wherein the sliding part 32 on the horizontal beam 3111 is located between the two upper guide beams 21, and the sliding part 32 on the arched beam 3112 is located between the two lower guide beams 21. The upper and lower sides of the sliding part 32 are both in contact with the corresponding guide beams 21 and are limited in the up and down directions, and the sliding part 32 can move along the extension direction of the guide beam 21. A first detachable fixing structure is arranged between the sliding part 32 and the guide frame 2, and the first detachable fixing structure includes a fixing bolt 5. The sliding part 32 and the corresponding guide beam 21 are provided with connecting holes for installing the fixing bolt 5. The connecting holes are arranged in groups. One group of connecting holes is arranged on the sliding part 32, and multiple groups of connecting holes are arranged on the guide beam 21 at intervals along its extension direction, so that the sliding part 32 can be fixedly connected to the guide beam 21 at multiple positions.

[0038] When the propulsion reaction frame 3 is fixedly connected to the guide frame 2, the propulsion reaction frame 3 can provide a stable supporting reaction force for the propulsion of the shield machine 7. When the propulsion reaction frame 3 is released from the fixed connection with the guide frame 2, the propulsion reaction frame 3 can be pushed forward to prepare for the next propulsion of the shield machine 7.

[0039] The guide frame 2 is provided with a driving device 4 for driving the propulsion reaction frame 3 to move forward along the guide frame 2. Figure 1 and attached Figure 5The driving device 4 includes a stepping reaction frame 41 located behind the propulsion reaction frame 3, and the stepping reaction frame 41 is located between the two groups of guide frames 2. The stepping reaction frame 41 includes a laterally extending reaction beam 411 and a guide matching portion 412 located at both ends of the reaction beam 411. The guide matching portion 412 is guided and matched with the guide frame 2 on the corresponding side, and a second detachable fixing structure is also arranged between the guide matching portion 412 and the guide frame 2 on the corresponding side. The form of the second detachable fixing structure is similar to the first detachable fixing structure, which will not be repeated here.

[0040] The driving device 4 also includes a stepping oil cylinder 42 located between the stepping reaction frame 41 and the propulsion reaction frame 3, and the two ends of the stepping oil cylinder 42 are respectively hinged to the stepping reaction frame 41 and the propulsion reaction frame 3. There are two stepping oil cylinders 42, which are respectively located at the two ends of the reaction beam 411. In other embodiments, the number of stepping oil cylinders 42 can also be one, three, or four. The stepping oil cylinder 42 is configured with a hydraulic pump station 43, and the hydraulic pump station 43 is installed on the top of the horizontal beam 3111 of the propulsion reaction frame 3.

[0041] See attached Figure 2 In the preparation stage of the initial operation, the shield machine 7 is assembled on the initial guide platform 85, and the cutter head 71 of the shield machine 7 extends into the initial guide tunnel 81 and connects with the initial excavation surface 82. Figure 3 , the support shoes 78 of the six thrust cylinders 73 at the bottom of the shield machine 7 are supported on the negative half-ring segment 87, the four support frames 312 on the thrust reaction frame 3 and the negative half-ring segment 87 are on the same circumference, the four support frames 312 extend forward into the tail shield 72 of the shield machine 7, and the support shoes 78 of the four thrust cylinders 73 corresponding to the upper part of the shield machine 7 are supported on the support frame 312. There is a space for arranging pipelines between the thrust reaction frame 3 and the negative half-ring segment 87, so there are two thrust cylinders 73 at the upper part of the shield machine 7 without support, and these two thrust cylinders 73 do not play a role during the thrust of the shield machine 7. In other embodiments, six support frames 312 can also be provided to provide support for each thrust cylinder 73 located at the upper part of the shield machine 7. In this embodiment, the pipeline is arranged in the negative half-ring segment 87.

[0042] During the forward advancement of the shield machine 7, the supported thrust cylinders 73 are all extended, and after advancing a distance of one ring, each thrust cylinder 73 contracts. At this time, there is space between the thrust cylinder 73 at the bottom of the shield machine 7 and the original negative half-ring segment 87, and the segment assembly machine 76 can be used to assemble a new negative half-ring segment 87. Space is left between the thrust cylinder 73 at the top of the shield machine 7 and the thrust reaction frame 3, which facilitates the forward movement of the thrust reaction frame 3. During the forward movement of the thrust reaction frame 3, first, the fixing bolts 5 between the thrust reaction frame 3 and the guide frame 2 need to be removed so that the thrust reaction frame 3 can move along the guide frame 2; then, the stepping reaction frame 41 is kept fixedly connected to the guide frame 2, and the stepping cylinder 42 is extended, and during this process, the thrust reaction frame 3 will be pushed forward; finally, the thrust reaction frame 3 reaches the predetermined position, and the fixing bolts 5 are used again to fix the thrust reaction frame 3 to the guide frame 2. Before or after the propulsion reaction frame 3 moves, it is necessary to maintain the fixed connection between the propulsion reaction frame 3 and the guide frame 2, and remove the fixing bolts 5 between the stepping reaction frame 41 and the guide frame 2, so that the stepping reaction frame 41 can move along the guide frame 2, and then the stepping cylinder 42 is retracted to pull the stepping reaction frame 41 forward. After the stepping reaction frame 41 reaches the predetermined position, the fixing bolts 5 are used again to fix the stepping reaction frame 41 with the guide frame 2 to prepare for the next forward movement of the propulsion reaction frame 3.

[0043] By using the shield starting tooling in the present invention, the shield machine 7 can be continuously provided with circumferential support during the starting process of the shield machine 7, so that on the one hand, the reaction force obtained by the shield machine 7 in the circumferential direction can be more uniform, which is more conducive to the control of the posture of the shield machine 7; on the other hand, the force of the negative half-ring segment 87 can be made more uniform, avoiding the phenomenon of damage and misalignment of the negative half-ring segment 87, and effectively improving the construction quality. The posture of the shield machine 7 is well controlled, and after the construction quality is improved, the probability of water and soil leakage and surface collapse in the tunnel will be greatly reduced, thereby improving the safety of the construction.

[0044] Especially when the shield machine 7 shows a head-up phenomenon or shows a tendency to head-up, the shield starting tooling in the present invention can provide a supporting reaction force for the upper part of the shield machine 7 compared to the prior art, thereby better suppressing the head-up of the shield machine 7.

[0045] When starting downhill in a small well, since the shield machine 7 cannot carry the rear supporting trailer together, the rear end of the shield machine 7 cannot obtain sufficient pulling force, and the front end of the shield machine 7 is obviously heavier than the rear end, so the shield machine 7 is more likely to plunge. After the plunge occurs, it is necessary to stop the machine for adjustment, and the adjustment is difficult, so it is necessary to avoid this problem as much as possible during the excavation process. To address this problem, when installing the guide frame 2, the angle between the extension direction of the guide frame 2 and the horizontal direction can be made slightly smaller than the angle between the excavation direction of the shield machine 7 and the horizontal direction, so as to balance the force of the shield machine 7 and prevent the occurrence of the plunge. The installation angle of the guide frame 2 can be determined according to the geological conditions.

[0046] See attached Figure 2 When excavating and discharging slag, the temporary slag receiving trolley 9 is directly hoisted from the top of the starting shaft 8 to the negative half-ring segment 87, and then the temporary slag receiving trolley 9 moves forward to the rear of the screw conveyor 77 to receive the slag, and then moves backward and directly hoists it out from the starting shaft 8 after receiving the slag. The moving distance of the temporary slag receiving trolley 9 is short, and the slag discharging efficiency is high. After the shield machine 7 excavates a ring distance each time, a single segment is hoisted from the top of the starting shaft 8 to the temporary segment trolley 10, and the temporary segment trolley 10 transports the single segment to the lower grabbing area of ​​the segment assembly machine 76, and the segment assembly machine 76 completes the assembly of the negative half-ring segment 87.

[0047] The thrust cylinder 73 of the shield machine 7 cannot extend out of the tail shield 72. Figure 5 and attached Figure 6 , the support frame 312 can extend forward into the tail shield 72 to provide support for the propulsion cylinder 73. Each support frame 312 is a hollow column, which can reduce weight. However, in order to ensure the stability of each support frame 312, a bracket 6 is installed at the tail shield 72 of the shield machine 7. The bracket 6 is a U-shaped structure, including a supporting part located below the support frame 312 and used to support the support frame 312, and also includes a fixing part located at both ends of the supporting part and used to be fixedly connected to the tail shield 72. A shield tail wire brush 74 and a shield tail steel plate brush 75 are generally provided on the inner side of the tail shield 72 of the shield machine 7 to ensure a better seal between the tail shield 72 and the pipe segment. In the initial stage of starting, the shield tail wire brush 74 and the shield tail steel plate brush 75 cannot play a role, and will also rub against the support frame 312 to cause a large propulsion resistance of the shield machine 7. Therefore, in the initial stage of starting, the shield tail wire brush 74 and the shield tail steel plate brush 75 at the position of the support frame 312 are removed, and then all are installed before assembling the full ring of pipe segments.

[0048] In other embodiments, the first detachable fixing structure and the second detachable fixing structure may also be latches, which are inserted into corresponding connection holes, and a stop pin is provided at the upper end of the latch to prevent the latch from falling.

[0049] In other embodiments, three or four guide slides may be provided as required to enhance the supporting effect on the propulsion reaction frame. When the propulsion reaction frame is light in weight, only one guide slide may be provided.

[0050] In other embodiments, the bracket may also be an L-shaped structure, in which the fixing portion is provided at only one end of the supporting portion.

[0051] In other embodiments, the front end of the guide frame is not fixed to the side wall of the starting well, but a gate-shaped frame is set at the front end of the guide frame, the gate-shaped frame is fixedly installed at the bottom of the starting well, and then the guide frame is fixedly connected to the gate-shaped frame.

[0052] Specific embodiment 2 of the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that the guide frame in this embodiment also includes a guide rail and a rack, the driving device includes a sliding seat that cooperates with the guide rail, a motor and a reduction gearbox are mounted on the sliding seat, the motor is connected to the input end of the reduction gearbox, the output end of the reduction gearbox is connected to a gear meshing with the rack, and a pushing portion that cooperates with the thrust reaction frame is fixedly provided on the sliding seat.

[0053] When the propulsion reaction frame needs to be pushed forward, the motor is started, and the motor drives the gear to rotate through the reduction box. The rack provides a reaction force for the gear, so that the sliding seat moves forward, and then the propulsion reaction frame moves forward.

[0054] Specific embodiment 3 of the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in this embodiment, the main frame is a laterally extending straight structure, and the main frame has larger dimensions in the up and down directions, so that each supporting frame can be fixed on the main frame.

[0055] Moreover, in this embodiment, only one pair of guide beams is provided, that is, the guide frame has only one guide slideway, and only one sliding part is provided at both ends of the main frame, and the sliding part is located at the center position of the main frame in the up and down direction.

[0056] Specific embodiment 4 of the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in other implementations, the guide frame is composed of two I-shaped rails, each rail constituting a guide slideway, and in this embodiment, a T-slot that cooperates with the rail is provided on the sliding portion on the thrust reaction frame, and a T-slot that cooperates with the rail is also provided on the guide matching portion of the stepping reaction frame.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first detachable fixing structure and the second detachable fixing structure include fixing bolts, and connecting holes for installing the fixing bolts are provided on the rail, the sliding portion, and the guide matching portion.

[0058] Specific embodiment 5 of the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that only one group of guide frames is provided in this embodiment, and the guide frames are located directly above the semi-negative ring segments, and materials can be lifted from both sides of the guide frames into the semi-negative ring segments.

[0059] In this embodiment, the guide frame is an inverted T-shaped hanging rail, the sliding part on the propulsion reaction frame is located at the top thereof and the sliding part is provided with an inverted T-shaped groove that cooperates with the hanging rail guide, the guide matching part on the stepping reaction frame is located at the top thereof and the guide matching part is provided with an inverted T-shaped groove that cooperates with the hanging rail guide, and the propulsion reaction frame and the stepping reaction frame are both suspended below the hanging rail.

[0060] The tunnel diameter in this embodiment is relatively large, so there is also enough space on both sides of the guide frame to vertically lift materials. Therefore, the space on both sides of the guide frame in this embodiment constitutes a passing space for materials to pass through in the up and down directions.

[0061] Specific embodiment 6 of the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that the guide frame in this embodiment is a rectangular frame structure, and the guide slides are arranged on two opposite long sides of the frame structure. Therefore, in this embodiment, the space inside the guide frame constitutes a passing space.

[0062] Specific embodiment 7 of the shield starting tooling provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that a driving device is not provided in this embodiment, and a mounting hole is provided at the front end of the support frame body in this embodiment. Before use, the front end of the support frame body is fixedly connected to the support shoe of the corresponding propulsion cylinder by bolts.

[0063] When the shield machine moves forward a certain distance, the fixing bolts on the thrust reaction frame are first removed, and then the thrust cylinder of the shield machine is retracted. At the same time, the thrust cylinder drives the thrust reaction frame to move forward. Finally, after the thrust cylinder is retracted into place, the thrust reaction frame is fixedly connected to the guide frame.

[0064] Specific embodiment 1 of the shield starting method provided by the present invention: The shield starting method is as follows: Figure 1 and attached Figure 2After the starting well 8 is excavated, the maintenance structure 88 and the foundation reinforcement 84 are carried out in the starting well 8. The starting reaction frame 1 and the excavated starting guide tunnel 81 are respectively installed on the opposite side walls in the starting well 8, and the guide frame 2 is installed between the side wall where the starting guide tunnel 81 of the starting well 8 is located and the other opposite side wall or between the starting reaction frame 1, and the propulsion reaction frame 3 is detachably fixed on the guide frame 2. During the initial excavation, the propulsion cylinder 73 at the bottom of the shield machine 7 is against the negative half-ring segment 87, and the propulsion cylinder 73 at the top of the shield machine 7 is against the propulsion reaction frame 3. After the shield machine 7 is advanced forward for a distance, the fixation of the propulsion reaction frame 3 and the guide frame 2 is released, and the propulsion reaction frame 3 is pushed forward for a distance and then fixed to the guide frame 2 again, so as to realize the stepping of the propulsion reaction frame 3 and prepare for the next advancement of the shield machine 7.

[0065] The distance that the shield machine 7 advances each time is equal to the width of one ring of segments. After each advancement, the negative half ring of segments 87 is assembled and the reaction frame 3 is moved forward and advanced at the same time.

[0066] During each advancement of the shield machine 7, the extension of each advancement cylinder 73 can be adjusted according to the soil pressure distribution in front of the shield machine 7, so as to control the advancement posture of the shield machine. Specifically, soil pressure sensors can be installed at different positions at the front end of the shield machine 7, and the soil pressure sensors transmit the detected data to the control system, which controls each advancement cylinder 73 after data analysis.

[0067] When assembling the first ring of full ring segments, the push reaction frame 3 no longer moves forward, and the push reaction frame 3 provides support for the first ring of full ring segments behind the first ring of full ring segments. The first ring of full ring segments in this embodiment are the first ring of positive full ring segments in the tunnel.

[0068] The shield machine 7 in this embodiment is excavating downhill and starts downhill, and the underlying stratum is relatively soft. Therefore, in order to suppress the head-diving phenomenon of the shield machine 7, the angle between the extension direction of the guide frame and the horizontal direction in this embodiment is smaller than the angle between the excavation direction of the shield machine and the horizontal direction.

[0069] Specific embodiment 2 of the shield starting method provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in this embodiment, the distance that the shield machine advances each time is equal to the width of two rings of segments.

[0070] Specific embodiment 3 of the shield starting method provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that the first ring full ring segment in this embodiment is the first ring negative full ring segment outside the tunnel and located in the starting shaft or the starting pilot tunnel.

[0071] Specific embodiment 4 of the shield starting method provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that the formation conditions in this embodiment are relatively stable, and therefore there is no need to adjust the extension of the propulsion cylinder according to the soil pressure.

[0072] Specific embodiment 5 of the shield starting method provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that the shield machine in this embodiment excavates horizontally and starts horizontally, and the stratum conditions are good, so the extension direction of the guide frame and the excavation direction of the shield machine can be kept in the same direction.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments without creative work, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield starting tooling, comprising a starting reaction frame and a half-ring segment support frame for supporting a negative half-ring segment, characterized in that: The guide frame is provided with a material passage space for materials to pass through in the up and down directions on or on at least one side of the guide frame. A propulsion reaction frame is detachably fixed on the guide frame. When the propulsion reaction frame is fixedly connected to the guide frame, it is used to provide a propulsion reaction force for the shield machine together with the negative half-ring segment below. When the propulsion reaction frame is released from the guide frame, it can slide forward and backward along the guide frame. The guide frame is provided with a plurality of fixing positions arranged forward and backward to fix the propulsion reaction frame after it slides into place.

2. The shield starting tooling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are two groups of guide frames, and the two groups of guide frames are arranged at intervals in the lateral direction. The space between the two groups of guide frames constitutes the passing space. The propulsion reaction frame includes a main body and sliding parts located on both sides of the main body. The sliding parts are detachably fixedly connected to the corresponding guide frames and can slide back and forth relative to the guide frames after the fixed connection is released.

3. The shield starting tooling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The main body includes a main frame and a support frame located in front of the main frame. The support frame is used to extend into the tail shield of the shield machine and to be pushed or fixedly connected with the corresponding thrust cylinder. The support frame is an arc-shaped structure and is provided with one, or the support frame is a columnar structure and is provided with at least two arranged along the circumferential direction.

4. The shield starting tooling according to claim 3 is characterized in that: There are at least three support frames, each of which is equipped with a bracket, which includes a supporting part for supporting the support frame and a fixing part for fixedly connecting with the tail shield of the shield machine during the starting process.

5. The shield starting tooling according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: A set of guide frames includes at least two guide slideways for guiding the single-side sliding part, and each guide slideway is arranged up and down. The single-side sliding part includes at least two guide slideways arranged up and down, and each sliding part can slide forward and backward along the corresponding guide slideway.

6. The shield starting tooling according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A group of guide frames includes at least two pairs of guide beams, the two guide beams of the same pair are arranged up and down, and the space between the two guide beams of the same pair constitutes a guide slideway.

7. The shield starting tooling according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A reinforcement body is fixedly connected between two adjacent guide beams in different pairs.

8. The shield starting tooling according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The sliding part and the guide frame are fixed by fixing bolts, and both the sliding part and the guide frame are provided with connecting holes for installing the fixing bolts, wherein a plurality of connecting holes are arranged on the guide frame along the front-to-back direction and each connecting hole constitutes a fixing position, or the connecting holes are arranged in groups, and a plurality of groups of connecting holes are arranged on the guide frame along the front-to-back direction and each group of connecting holes constitutes a fixing position.

9. The shield starting tooling according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The front end of the guide frame is used to cooperate with the corresponding thrust cylinder of the shield machine, and the guide frame is also provided with a driving device for driving the thrust reaction frame to move forward along the guide frame.

10. The shield starting tooling according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The driving device includes a stepping reaction frame located behind the propulsion reaction frame, a stepping oil cylinder is connected between the stepping reaction frame and the propulsion reaction frame, the stepping reaction frame and the guide frame are detachably fixedly connected, and are used to provide reaction force for the stepping oil cylinder when the stepping reaction frame and the guide frame are fixedly connected, and can slide forward and backward along the guide frame when the stepping reaction frame and the guide frame are released, and a plurality of front-to-back mounting positions are provided on the guide frame to fix the stepping reaction frame after it slides into place.

11. The shield starting tooling according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The main frame includes an arched beam and a horizontal beam. The horizontal beam is fixedly connected to the arch of the arched beam. Both ends of the horizontal beam and the arched beam are provided with sliding parts. The support frame is arranged on the arched beam.

12. The shield starting tooling according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The front end of the guide frame is provided with a front end connecting portion for fixing to the well wall of the starting well.

13. A shield starting method, after excavating the starting well, installing starting reaction frames and excavating starting guide tunnels on opposite side walls of the starting well respectively, during the process of starting excavation, the thrust cylinder at the bottom of the shield machine abuts against the negative half ring segment, characterized in that: Before starting excavation, a guide frame is installed between one side wall of the starting guide tunnel of the starting well and the other opposite side wall or between the starting reaction frame, and a propulsion reaction frame is detachably fixed on the guide frame. During the initial excavation, at least part of the propulsion cylinder on the upper part of the shield machine rests on the propulsion reaction frame, and the propulsion reaction frame and the negative half-ring segment together provide propulsion reaction force for the shield machine. After the shield machine advances forward for a certain distance, the fixation of the propulsion reaction frame and the guide frame is released, and the propulsion reaction frame is moved forward for a certain distance and then fixed to the guide frame again, thereby realizing the step-by-step advancement of the propulsion reaction frame.

14. The shield starting method according to claim 13, characterized in that: The distance the shield machine advances each time is equal to the width of one ring of segments. After each advancement, the negative half ring of segments is assembled and the reaction frame is moved forward at the same time.

15. The shield starting method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: When assembling the first ring of full-ring segments, the thrust reaction frame no longer moves forward, and the thrust reaction frame provides support for the first ring of full-ring segments behind the first ring of full-ring segments.

16. The shield starting method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: During the advancement process, the extension of each thrust cylinder is adjusted according to the soil pressure distribution in front of the shield machine to control the advancement posture of the shield machine.

17. The shield starting method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: Under the working condition of starting from downhill, the angle between the extension direction of the guide frame and the horizontal direction is smaller than the angle between the excavation direction of the shield machine and the horizontal direction.

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