Reactor for producing syngas by partial oxidation with improved syngas cooling

Abstract

The invention relates to a reactor for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a carbonaceous fuel, comprising: a reaction space having a burner, a fuel feed and an oxidant feed for producing synthesis gas from a fuel and an oxidant; the cooling space is provided with a coolant feeding part, a synthesis gas outlet and a coolant outlet and is used for cooling the synthesis gas; a gas guide tube connecting the reaction space and the cooling space to each other and having a gas inlet region adjoining the reaction space and a gas outlet region adjoining the cooling space, the gas guide tube having an inner tube and an outer tube such that an annular gap is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube, the gap being fluidly connected to the coolant feed, the inner tube has an opening in the gas inlet region leading to the annular gap, a baffle is arranged in the region of the opening such that a liquid film of the coolant is generated on the inner side of the inner tube, and an orifice is arranged in the gas outlet region such that a coolant spray is generated in the cooling space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a reactor for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of carbonaceous fuels. The invention is particularly characterized by improved direct cooling of the synthesis gas in the reactor. Background Art

[0002] The partial oxidation of carbon-containing gaseous, liquid or solid fuels, in particular hydrocarbons, is a process which is usually applied on an industrial scale to produce a hydrogen / carbon monoxide mixture (synthesis gas). In so-called entrained-flow gasification, the carbon-containing fuel is converted into synthesis gas in a reaction space together with an oxygen-containing oxidant and, where appropriate, a moderator (e.g. steam and / or carbon dioxide). Typical conditions here in the reactor, in particular in the reaction space, are high temperatures (1300° C. to 1500° C.) and high pressures (up to 100 bar).

[0003] In processes where the heat in the syngas cannot be used in a waste heat boiler, the hot syngas must be cooled, usually to a temperature below 300°C, before further scrubbing and use. This is usually achieved by direct contact with a coolant, i.e. direct cooling. In this case, the coolant is often referred to as a quench medium. The quench medium is usually water, or in some cases an organic liquid (e.g. in the case of coal gasification or biomass gasification).

[0004] This type of cooling, also referred to as quench cooling, is described in the relevant literature and is familiar to the person skilled in the art. In principle, a distinction is made between three embodiments of this type of cooling, namely immersion quenching, free quenching and quench tube.

[0005] In the case of immersion quenching, the outlet of the reaction space is usually directly adjacent to a gas guide pipe immersed in a coolant, which carries the hot gas out of the reaction space into a water reservoir, where it is cooled as it flows through the water reservoir. Such systems are described, for example, in US 2010 / 0325957 A1, US 2013 / 0189165 A1 and WO 2017 / 102945 A1.

[0006] In the case of free quenching, the hot gases flow directly out of the reaction space via a guide pipe directly into a cooling space (quenching space) into which water is injected via one or more nozzles. Such systems are described, for example, in US 2007 / 0051043 A1 and US 2009 / 0007487 A1.

[0007] In the case of a quench tube, a cooling liquid is introduced at high velocity into the gas flow guided in the tube via a nozzle system before the gas flow guided in the tube flows into the widened quench space for direct cooling by means of the coolant. Such a system is described in DD 215 326. Summary of the invention

[0008] When using immersion quenching, a disadvantage is that the liquid level / filling level of the quench water / quench water in the cooling space of the reactor through which the gas to be cooled passes must be controlled within a narrow range. A liquid level that is too high can easily lead to increased pressure fluctuations in the reactor system. If the liquid level is too low, there is a risk that uncooled synthesis gas will break through, with possible damage to components as a result.

[0009] There is a risk with a free quenching arrangement that if some of the nozzles become blocked, parts of the gas flow will not be adequately cooled and this may carry the risk that a hot gas flow will form and therefore cause overheating and damage to the component.

[0010] Although the use of simple gas guide tubes that are not immersed in combination with water injection in the case of individual multiple nozzles reduces the risk of hot gas flow formation in the event of blockage or jet deflection, it has the following disadvantages at higher operating pressures: The high density and viscosity of the synthesis gas require that the cooling medium have a high momentum to enable it to penetrate into the core of the gas flow. This requires a high pressure difference and a sufficiently large coolant jet diameter, which is contrary to the requirement to form coolant droplets that are as small as possible for rapid and effective cooling. Insufficient atomization of the cooling medium or insufficient penetration of the cooling medium into the gas jet to be cooled means that reliable cooling of the gas cannot be guaranteed, especially at high pressures and in transient operating conditions (the reactor is ramped up from low pressure to normal load).

[0011] In general, therefore, the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art. This applies in particular to the disadvantages mentioned in connection with the non-immersed gas guide tube (quench tube).

[0012] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to achieve cooling of the hot synthesis gas by direct cooling with a coolant so as to contain the entire gas flow to be cooled, thereby ensuring that no hot synthesis gas flow is formed, which could lead to overheating and damage to the load-bearing walls of the cooling space or downstream components.

[0013] Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to configure the cooling of the synthesis gas in such a way that it is carried out reliably and safely over a wide operating range from reactor warming up under ambient conditions to full load at high pressure and under drastic changes in flow rate, density and viscosity of the medium.

[0014] The independent claims help to at least partially achieve at least one of the above objects. The dependent claims provide preferred embodiments that help to at least partially achieve at least one of the objects.

[0015] The terms "having", "comprising" or "including" etc. do not exclude the possible presence of other elements / components, components etc. The indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude the possible presence of a plurality.

[0016] The objects of the present invention are achieved at least in part by a reactor for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a carbonaceous fuel, the reactor comprising:

[0017] (a) a reaction space having a burner, a fuel feed section and an oxidant feed section, the reaction space being used to produce synthesis gas from fuel and oxidant in the reaction space;

[0018] (b) a cooling space having a coolant feed, a synthesis gas outlet and a coolant outlet, the cooling space being used to cool the synthesis gas by direct cooling of the coolant;

[0019] (c) a gas guide pipe which connects the reaction space and the cooling space to each other, wherein

[0020] The gas guide tube has a gas inlet region adjacent to the reaction space and a gas outlet region adjacent to the cooling space,

[0021] Therein, according to the invention, it is envisaged that the gas guide tube has an inner tube and an outer tube, such that an annular gap is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube, wherein the annular gap is fluidically connected to the coolant feed so that the coolant can flow through the gap, and

[0022] The inner tube has an opening to the annular gap in the gas inlet region of the gas guiding tube, and the baffle is arranged in the region of the opening so that a liquid film of the coolant can be generated on the inner side of the inner tube, and

[0023] The openings are arranged in the gas outlet region of the gas-conducting tube, so that a coolant spray can be generated in the cooling space.

[0024] According to the invention, the hot synthesis gas flow is first fed completely through a cooled gas guide tube after leaving the reaction space. The gas guide tube can also be referred to as a quench tube. The gas guide tube is embodied as a double-walled system with an inner tube and an outer tube, whereby an annular gap is formed. The annular gap is fluidically connected to the coolant feed, so that the volume of the gas guide tube through which the synthesis gas flows is cooled. The inner tube has an opening to the annular gap in the gas inlet region of the gas guide tube, so that a fluid connection is formed between the annular gap and the inner tube, in particular between the annular gap and the interior of the inner tube and / or the inner side of the inner tube. There can also be a plurality of such openings.

[0025] The baffle is arranged in the region of the opening of the annular gap to the inside / inner side of the inner tube. With the aid of the baffle, the coolant flowing out of the opening is deflected so that a liquid film can form on the inner side of the inner tube. As a result, the gas guide tube is additionally cooled on its inner side, thereby preventing overheating. In addition, the formation of a water film on the inner side of the gas guide tube by the continuous flow on the inner side of the inner tube provides effective protection against possible deposits.

[0026] Furthermore, the orifice is arranged in the gas outlet region of the gas guiding tube. In the region of the gas outlet region, the orifice reduces the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow of the gas guiding tube, i.e. the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the gas guiding tube. This leads to turbulence in the gas outlet region of the gas guiding tube, in particular in the region of the orifice, so that the coolant is atomized by the flowing synthesis gas, thereby forming a coolant spray in the cooling space. The formation of this coolant spray leads to a thorough mixing of the hot gas flow with the coolant. This ensures that the entire synthesis gas flow is contained and cooled.

[0027] The reactor cooling system according to the invention also offers the advantage that no high pressure injection of the coolant is required. Since the system can in principle be implemented without nozzles, the risk of (partial) blockage of the coolant feed and the resulting reduced cooling and formation of a hot synthesis gas stream is greatly reduced.

[0028] The reactor configuration according to the present invention is used to produce synthesis gas by partial oxidation of carbonaceous fuel. The carbonaceous fuel can be any gaseous, liquid or solid fuel suitable for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation. According to one embodiment, the reactor configuration is used for entrained flow gasification. The carbonaceous fuel is preferably a hydrocarbonaceous fuel. The oxidant preferably contains oxygen. Examples of suitable oxidants are air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen. The synthesis gas produced contains at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and usually also contains carbon dioxide as a further product of the synthesis gas forming reaction.

[0029] The reaction space of the reactor is configured for the actual partial oxidation. Typical temperatures at which the partial oxidation takes place are 1300° C. to 1500° C. The pressure in the reaction space can be as high as 100 bar.

[0030] Therefore, the reaction space has at least one burner. The reaction space also has a fuel feed section, which is configured to feed fuel into the reaction space of the reactor and / or into at least one burner. The reaction space also has an oxidant feed section, which is configured to feed an oxidant into the reaction space of the reactor and / or into at least one burner.

[0031] The cooling space of the reactor is configured to cool the hot synthesis gas produced in the reaction space. In this case, the cooling of the hot synthesis gas is achieved by direct cooling of the synthesis gas, i.e. by direct transfer of heat from the synthesis gas to the coolant by mixing the two media and at least partially gasifying the cooling medium. This direct cooling is to be distinguished from indirect cooling, for example in a heat exchanger.

[0032] The cooling space has a coolant feed. The coolant feed is configured to feed coolant into the cooling space of the reactor. Before the coolant enters the cooling space of the reactor, it first flows through the annular gap of the gas guide tube and the inner side of the inner tube of the gas guide tube. The coolant feed is preferably at least partially arranged in the cooling space and thus extends at least partially through the cooling space. The coolant feed is preferably a tubular feed.

[0033] The cooling space also has a syngas outlet. The syngas outlet is configured to discharge a cooled syngas / coolant mixture from the cooling space of the reactor. In this article, the syngas / coolant mixture refers to a mixture of cooled syngas and gasified coolant. The above mixture may also contain a certain proportion of moderator steam, which has been introduced into the reaction space for thermal control of the reaction. The syngas outlet is preferably a tubular discharge port. The syngas outlet may also be referred to as a cold gas outlet.

[0034] The cooling space also has a coolant outlet. The coolant outlet is configured to discharge excess coolant from the cooling space of the reactor. Thus, the synthesis gas accompanying the cooling is discharged from the reactor via the synthesis gas outlet, and the excess liquid coolant leaving the reactor in a non-gaseous form is discharged from the reactor via the coolant outlet. The coolant outlet is preferably a tubular discharge port. The coolant outlet is preferably arranged in the storage tank area of ​​the cooling space. Excess coolant will accumulate in the storage tank area of ​​the cooling space. The liquid level of the excess coolant can be monitored by a liquid level control system, and the cooling space of the reactor is preferably equipped with this liquid level control system.

[0035] The reaction space and the cooling space of the reactor are connected to each other through the gas guiding pipe. Therefore, the gas guiding pipe forms a passage for the synthesis gas to be cooled from the reaction space to the cooling space.

[0036] The gas-conducting tube has a gas inlet region which adjoins the reaction space. The gas inlet region of the gas-conducting tube can also be referred to as the first end of the gas-conducting tube. The first end directly adjoins the reaction space, so that the gas-conducting tube first “sees” the hot, not yet cooled synthesis gas at its first end or gas inlet region.

[0037] The gas guiding pipe also has a gas outlet region adjoining the cooling space. The gas outlet region of the gas guiding pipe can also be referred to as the second end of the gas guiding pipe. The second end directly adjoins the cooling space. After passing through the gas outlet region or the second end, the precooled synthesis gas thus enters the cooling space of the reactor.

[0038] The orifice is arranged in the region of the gas outlet or in the region of the second end of the gas guiding tube. The orifice is configured such that it defines a constriction with respect to the flow cross section / area of ​​the gas guiding tube, so that the flow cross section of the gas guiding tube is reduced in the region of the orifice. The orifice preferably reduces the flow cross section / area of ​​the gas guiding tube by a factor of 2 / 3 to 1 / 16, preferably by a factor of 1 / 2 to 1 / 7.

[0039] A preferred embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that an intermediate partition wall is arranged between the reaction space and the cooling space, the intermediate partition wall spatially separating the reaction space and the cooling space from one another, and the gas-conducting tube extends as a channel through the intermediate partition wall.

[0040] In particular, the intermediate partition wall is a load-bearing intermediate partition wall which defines a space and a fluid-tight separation between the reaction space and the cooling space. The gas guide pipe extends from the reaction space through the intermediate partition wall into the cooling space, thereby defining a passage for the fluid from the reaction space into the cooling space.

[0041] A preferred embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that the reaction space is formed as an upper region of the reactor and the cooling space is formed as a lower region of the reactor.

[0042] In particular, the reactor is arranged vertically so that the reaction medium and the cooling medium can flow downward from the top. In particular, the at least one burner and the fuel feed and the oxidant feed are arranged in the top region of the reactor, in particular in the top region of the reaction space. This arrangement is also referred to as top combustion.

[0043] A preferred embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that the gas-conducting tube is arranged vertically.

[0044] The gas guiding pipe is preferably arranged vertically or at least substantially vertically. This allows the synthesis gas and the coolant to flow naturally through the gas guiding pipe under the effect of gravity.

[0045] A preferred embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that:

[0046] The gas-conducting tube is fluidically connected to the coolant feed in the lower region, so that the coolant can flow from the bottom upwards through the annular gap.

[0047] The annular gap of the gas guiding tube is preferably fluidically connected to the coolant feed in the gas outlet region. This ensures that the coolant flows in the annular gap over the entire length of the gas guiding tube. The gas guiding tube can thus be cooled by the flow through the annular gap.

[0048] Particularly in the case of a vertical arrangement of the gas guiding tube, the annular gap is therefore preferably fluidically connected to the coolant feed in the lower region of the gas guiding tube, so that the coolant can flow through the annular gap from the bottom upwards over the maximum length of the gas guiding tube.

[0049] A preferred embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that the baffles have a region which extends parallel to the inner tube.

[0050] The region of the baffle extending parallel to the inner tube is preferably connected to the inner side of the inner tube above the opening of the inner tube to the annular gap via one end of the region, in particular the upper end of the region. This connection can be achieved by means of an additional element of the baffle, for example a substantially horizontally extending connecting element.

[0051] The known connection is preferably a material-integrated connection, such as a welded joint.

[0052] In the case of a vertical arrangement of the gas-conducting tube, the baffle is in principle fixed above the opening of the inner tube leading to the annular gap in order in this way to cause the coolant to flow downwards from the top along the inside of the inner tube.

[0053] A preferred embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that the synthesis gas outlet is arranged transversely / laterally to the cooling space of the reactor.

[0054] As mentioned above, the syngas outlet can also be referred to as a cold gas outlet. The cold gas outlet is used to discharge a cooled mixture of syngas and a gaseous coolant, in particular a cooled mixture of syngas and steam, from the cooling space of the reactor. The syngas outlet is preferably arranged as a horizontally extending pipe or a substantially horizontally extending pipe. As a further preference, the pipe is arranged as high as possible in the region of the cooling space, thereby ensuring that as little syngas / coolant mixture as possible can accumulate in the dead space above the syngas outlet where there is almost no flow.

[0055] The coolant feed is preferably also arranged transversely / laterally on the cooling space of the reactor as a horizontally extending tube or as a substantially horizontally extending tube. According to one embodiment, the coolant feed has a slope, in particular a gradient from an edge region of the cooling space in a direction towards a central region of the cooling space. In this case, in particular, the coolant feed extends through a side wall of the cooling space of the reactor.

[0056] As a further preference, the coolant outlet is arranged in the lower region of the cooling space of the reactor.

[0057] The coolant outlet is preferably arranged in the lower region or sump region of the cooling space of the reactor. In particular, the coolant outlet extends through the lower wall of the cooling space, usually the bottom. In this case, the coolant outlet can be arranged in the central region of the bottom, or can be laterally offset. In the case of a central arrangement, the coolant outlet is preferably configured as a vertical pipe. In the case of a laterally offset arrangement, the coolant outlet can be arranged obliquely.

[0058] Excess coolant can collect in the cooling space above the coolant outlet. The amount of this excess coolant is regulated by the liquid level. It is preferred that the liquid level is always controlled in such a way that the upper limit of the liquid level, in other words the stationary cooling liquid, is never above the gas outlet region of the gas guiding tube.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the reactor is therefore configured such that the cooling space has a level control system for coolant, in particular for excess coolant, wherein the level control system is configured such that during operation of the reactor the level is below the gas outlet region of the gas guiding duct.

[0060] Therefore, the reactor is preferably configured such that the gas outlet region of the gas guide tube is arranged such that it is not immersed in a liquid, in particular not immersed in a coolant liquid, under operating conditions. Therefore, the reactor is preferably configured as a reactor with a quench tube as a cooling system, rather than a reactor with an immersion tube (immersion quench) as a cooling system.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the cooling space of the reactor may comprise additional nozzles or other suitable means for injecting coolant into the cooling space, whereby the reactor will additionally have a cooling system which may be referred to as free quenching.

[0062] A preferred embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that the coolant comprises water, preferably consists of water.

[0063] A preferred exemplary embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that a resistance element is arranged in the annular gap, which resistance element causes a pressure loss of the coolant flow in the annular gap.

[0064] According to one example, the resistance element is a circumferential ring, preferably a ring with a web.

[0065] The arrangement of the resistance element in the annular gap improves the uniform distribution of the coolant flow in the annular gap. In other words, the flow of the coolant in the annular gap becomes more uniform.

[0066] A preferred embodiment of the reactor is characterized in that the inner tube has an opening to the annular gap in the gas outlet region of the gas-conducting tube, thereby enabling a coolant bypass flow into the interior of the gas-conducting tube. A plurality of such openings may also be present.

[0067] By means of the additional openings of the inner tube in the region of the gas outlet area, a coolant bypass flow can be generated, which prevents deposits in the gas outlet region of the annular gap, in particular in the lower region of the annular gap. Such deposits can form in particular in the case of an uneven coolant supply or uneven or poor cooling of this region. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] The present invention is described in detail below by means of the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0069] In the figure:

[0070] Figure 1a shows an overview of a reactor according to the present invention; and

[0071] Figure 1b A detail of a portion of a reactor according to the invention is shown, wherein components of the gas guide tube are shown on an enlarged scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] Figure 1a A reactor according to the invention is shown which is suitable for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon mixture.

[0073] The reactor 1 has an upper reaction space 2 and a lower cooling space 7. The reaction space 2 and the cooling space 7 form two main areas of the reactor 1. The reaction space 2 and the cooling space 7 are separated from each other by an intermediate partition wall 26. The fluid connection between the reaction space 2 and the cooling space 7 is established by a gas guide pipe 14, which connects the reaction space 2 and the cooling space 7 to each other. In this case, the gas guide pipe 14 is configured as a channel from the reaction space 2 into the cooling space 7 through the intermediate partition wall 26.

[0074] The reactor has a reactor shell and a heat-resistant lining (not shown in detail) on the inside in order to withstand the reaction conditions of the partial oxidation.

[0075] The reaction space 2 has a feed section 4 for fuel (hydrocarbon mixture) and oxidant (oxygen or air) in the upper region (top region). Therefore, a fuel and oxidant stream 5 flows through the feed section 4. By means of a burner 3 with a burner flame 6 pointing downward during operation of the reactor 1, the hydrocarbon mixture is converted into a synthesis gas mixture by partial oxidation with oxygen. The synthesis gas stream 10 flowing from top to bottom inside the reaction space mainly contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The synthesis gas stream 10 may contain other undesirable by-products. The temperature of the synthesis gas stream 10 can be significantly higher than 1000°C.

[0076] In order to cool the hot synthesis gas stream 10 , it first passes through a gas conducting pipe 14 and then through the interior of the cooling space 7 before it leaves the reactor 1 via the synthesis gas outlet 11 and is further processed, for example drying and removal of carbon dioxide.

[0077] The gas guiding tube 14 has an upper end (first end) which adjoins the reaction space 2, in particular the interior of the reaction space 2. The upper end of the gas guiding tube 14 is a gas inlet region 19 of the gas guiding tube 14. The gas guiding tube 14 also has a lower end (second end) which adjoins the cooling space 7, in particular the interior of the cooling space 7. The lower end of the gas guiding tube 14 is a gas outlet region 20 of the gas guiding tube 14.

[0078] exist Figure 1b The gas guide tube 14 shown in an enlarged scale in FIG. 1 has an outer tube 21 and an inner tube 22, so that an annular gap 23 is formed between the wall of the inner tube 22 and the wall of the outer tube 21. The annular gap 23 allows the coolant to flow through the gas guide tube 14 in the region of the annular gap. The coolant is fed into the gas guide tube 14 via a coolant feed 8. The coolant feed 8 is formed as part of the cooling space 7 and extends through the side wall of the cooling space 7. The coolant feed 8 is configured as a tube, the interior of which is fluidically connected to the annular gap 23. In other words, the outer tube 21 of the gas guide tube 14 has an opening that allows the coolant feed 8 to pass into the annular gap 23 (not shown) of the gas guide tube 14. The coolant feed 8 is connected to the gas guide tube in the lower region or gas outlet region 20 of the gas guide tube so as to form the fluid connection with the annular gap 23. As a result, the coolant of the coolant flow 9, for example water, initially flows from the bottom upwards in the annular gap 23.

[0079] The inner tube 22 has an opening (not shown) leading to the annular gap 23 in the upper region or gas inlet region 19 of the gas guiding tube 14. In other words, the inner tube has an opening in the gas inlet region 19 which establishes a fluid connection between the space of the annular gap 23 and the interior of the inner tube 22. As a result, the coolant from the coolant flow 9 can in particular reach the inside of the inner tube 22, so that the gas guiding tube 14 is cooled from the inside.

[0080] The baffle 24 is arranged in the gas inlet region 19 of the gas guide tube in the region of the opening of the inner tube 22 into the annular gap 23. In particular, the baffle 24 is connected to the inner side of the inner tube 22 in a materially integrated manner, for example via a welded joint. Here, the baffle performs the function of diverting the coolant after it has left the opening from the annular gap 23 to the inner tube 22. Thus, in particular, the baffle 24 has the function of a film laying mechanism, so that a coolant film that is as continuous as possible can be formed along the inner side of the inner tube 22. As a result, the inner tube 22 is additionally cooled from the inside. In addition, deposits are prevented from forming on the inner side of the inner tube 22.

[0081] The gas outlet region 20 of the gas guiding tube 14 has an orifice 25. The orifice 25 defines a constriction in the gas outlet region 20 of the gas guiding tube 14. By means of the orifice 25, the flow cross section of the gas guiding tube 14 in the gas outlet region 20 is reduced. As a result, a spray 13 of coolant is formed (indicated by a dashed line), thereby ensuring effective and complete mixing of the synthesis gas to be cooled with the coolant. The synthesis gas stream, which initially has a temperature of more than 1000° C., is thus cooled to below 300° C.

[0082] The cooled synthesis gas is discharged from the reactor via the synthesis gas outlet 11. Ungasified excess coolant accumulates in the sump region of the cooling space 7. The accumulated water, which can also be referred to as excess coolant 16, accumulates in the sump region of the cooling space 7. This excess coolant is continuously discharged from the cooling space 7 via the coolant outlet 15 in the form of an excess coolant flow 17. The liquid level of this excess coolant is regulated by means of a liquid level controller 18 so that the excess coolant does not come into contact with the gas outlet region 20 of the gas guiding pipe 14. In other words, the liquid level of the excess coolant 16 is regulated by means of the liquid level controller 18 so that the gas guiding pipe is not immersed in the coolant of the excess coolant 16 at any time.

[0083] Reference numerals list

[0084] 1 Reactor

[0085] 2 Reaction Space

[0086] 3 Burners

[0087] 4. Fuel and oxidant feeding section

[0088] 5 Fuel and Oxidant Flow

[0089] 6 Burner Flame

[0090] 7 Cooling space

[0091] 8Coolant feeding section

[0092] 9 Coolant flow

[0093] 10Hot Synthesis Gas Stream

[0094] 11Synthesis gas export

[0095] 12Cooled Syngas and Coolant Streams

[0096] 13 Coolant spray

[0097] 14 Gas guide tube

[0098] 15 Coolant outlet

[0099] 16 Excess coolant

[0100] 17 Excess coolant flow

[0101] 18Level controller / regulator for excess coolant

[0102] 19 Gas inlet area of ​​the gas guide pipe

[0103] 20 Gas outlet area of ​​the gas guide pipe

[0104] 21 Outer tube of gas guide tube

[0105] 22 Inner tube of gas guide tube

[0106] 23 Annular gap

[0107] 24 baffles

[0108] 25 holes

[0109] 26 Middle partition wall

Claims

1. A reactor (1) for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a carbon-containing fuel, the reactor comprising: (a) a reaction space (2), the reaction space having a burner (3), a fuel feed section and an oxidant feed section (4), the reaction space being used to produce synthesis gas from fuel and oxidant in the reaction space (2); (b) a cooling space (7) having a coolant feed (8), a synthesis gas outlet (11) and a coolant outlet (15), the cooling space being used to cool the synthesis gas by direct cooling via a coolant; (c) a gas guide pipe (14) connecting the reaction space (2) and the cooling space (7) to each other, wherein: The gas guide tube (14) has a gas inlet region (19) adjacent to the reaction space (2) and a gas outlet region (20) adjacent to the cooling space. It is characterized in that The gas guide tube (14) has an inner tube (22) and an outer tube (21), so that an annular gap (23) is formed between the inner tube (22) and the outer tube (21), wherein the annular gap (23) is fluidically connected to the coolant feed (8) so that the coolant can flow through the annular gap, and The inner tube (22) has an opening leading to the annular gap (23) in the gas inlet region (19) of the gas guide tube (14), and a baffle (24) is arranged in the region of the opening so that a liquid film of the coolant can be generated on the inner side of the inner tube (22); and Orifices (25) are arranged in the gas outlet region (20) of the gas guiding tube (14) so ​​as to enable a spray (13) of coolant to be generated in the cooling space (7).

2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that An intermediate partition wall (26) is arranged between the reaction space (2) and the cooling space (7), the intermediate partition wall spatially separating the reaction space (2) and the cooling space (7) from each other, and the gas guiding tube (14) extends as a channel through the intermediate partition wall (26).

3. A reactor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The reaction space (2) is formed as an upper region of the reactor (1), and the cooling space (7) is formed as a lower region of the reactor.

4. The reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that The gas guide pipe (14) is arranged vertically.

5. The reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that The gas guide tube (14) is fluidically connected to the coolant feed (8) in the lower region, so that the coolant can flow from the bottom upwards through the annular gap (23).

6. A reactor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The baffle (24) has a region extending parallel to the inner tube (22).

7. A reactor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The cooling space (7) has a level control system (18) for coolant, in particular for excess coolant, wherein the level control system (18) is configured such that during operation of the reactor (1) the liquid level is below a gas outlet region (20) of the gas guide pipe (14).

8. A reactor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The coolant comprises water, preferably, the coolant consists of water.

9. A reactor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that A resistance element is arranged in the annular gap (23), which causes a pressure loss of the coolant flow in the annular gap (23).

10. A reactor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The inner tube (22) has an opening to the annular gap (23) in the gas outlet region (20) of the gas-conducting tube (14), thereby enabling a coolant bypass flow into the interior of the gas-conducting tube (14).

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