Gravity type structure revetment and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a gravity type structure revetment and a construction method thereof.The gravity type structure revetment comprises a pile foundation, a gravel filling layer is arranged on the outer side of the pile foundation, a plain concrete cushion layer is arranged on the upper side of the pile foundation, a gravel cushion layer is arranged on the lower side of the plain concrete cushion layer, and a revetment body is arranged on the upper side of the plain concrete cushion layer; the revetment main body comprises a bottom plate, a wall body and a coping, one side of the revetment main body is filled with backfill soil, geotechnical cloth is laid on the lower side of the backfill soil, and a road surface is arranged on the upper side of the backfill soil; a drainage pipe is arranged on the inner side of the wall body in an inclined mode, a slope surface is arranged on the side, close to the backfill soil, of the wall body, the end, close to the slope surface, of the drainage pipe is communicated with a soft drainage pipe, and a wheel protection ridge is arranged at the top of the coping. The gravel pile method is adopted for treating the foundation, the gravel filling layer is formed around the foundation, meanwhile, the gravel cushion layer and the plain concrete cushion layer are arranged, the bearing capacity of the foundation is improved, the soft foundation is improved, and the stability of the revetment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular to a gravity-type structural revetment and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Gravity-type structural revetment is an important water conservancy engineering structure, mainly used to resist the scouring of water bodies such as rivers and waves and river bank erosion, thereby protecting nearby buildings and land from water erosion.

[0003] Gravity-type revetments primarily utilize heavy, difficult-to-move or displace components such as boulders, concrete blocks, and steel blocks. These components inherently possess significant weight and inertia, resulting in a low center of gravity and strong resistance to overturning. The heavy components and large cross-sections of gravity-type revetments maintain their stability under earth pressure. Furthermore, well-prepared foundations further enhance their stability. However, due to the large size of the components, more manpower and mechanical equipment are required for transportation and installation, the construction cost is high, and coordination and management are difficult, which affects efficiency. At the same time, the requirements for the foundation are high. The river and sea coast foundation is weak, so foundation treatment is generally required first. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a gravity-type structural revetment and a construction method thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A gravity-type structural revetment and a construction method thereof, comprising a pile foundation, a sand and gravel filling layer being provided on the outside of the pile foundation, a plain concrete cushion layer being provided on the upper side of the pile foundation, a crushed stone cushion layer being provided on the lower side of the plain concrete cushion layer, a revetment body being provided on the upper side of the plain concrete cushion layer, the revetment body comprising a base plate, a wall body and a pressure top, one side of the revetment body being filled with backfill soil, a geotextile being laid on the lower side of the backfill soil, and a road surface being provided on the upper side of the backfill soil; a drainage pipe being provided on the inner side of the wall body, the drainage pipe being arranged obliquely, a slope being provided on the side of the wall body close to the backfill soil, one end of the drainage pipe close to the slope being connected to a soft drainage pipe, and a wheel guard being provided on the top of the pressure top.

[0006] Preferably, the wall body is made of C25 plain concrete, the bottom plate and the top are made of C30 reinforced concrete, and the bottom plate close to the river channel is provided with a grouted block stone bottom protection, and the grouted block stone bottom protection is located on the upper side of the gravel cushion layer.

[0007] Preferably, the upper surface of the bottom plate is at the same height as the designed river bottom elevation, and the height of the wall is set corresponding to the designed high water level.

[0008] Preferably, the drainage pipe is made of Φ75PVC pipe and is provided in multiple groups. The diameter of the soft drainage pipe is 100 mm and the soft drainage pipe is connected to the ground drainage facility.

[0009] Preferably, the construction steps include: Step S1: excavation of the revetment foundation pit and pouring of the cushion layer. The foundation is treated by the gravel pile method and the pile foundation is buried. After the pile foundation construction is completed, the excavation is carried out downward to the bottom of the gravity retaining wall. The bottom of the foundation pit is leveled by manual labor and an excavator. A crushed stone cushion layer is laid on the bottom. After fixing the plain concrete cushion layer template, the plain concrete cushion layer is poured as the steel bar binding operation surface. Then, the steel bar connection construction between the pile foundation and the superstructure is carried out. Step S2: The gravity-type revetment breast wall is poured in three times, the formwork is installed in three times, the gravity-type retaining wall formwork is installed, the steel bars are tied, and then the concrete is poured. The first pouring is for the bottom plate, the second pouring is for the wall body, and the third pouring is for the capping; First install the bottom plate reinforcement, then install the wall and top embedded reinforcement. When pouring concrete, adopt the process of adding ash and vibrating layer by layer. The concrete adopts the process of secondary vibration, with fast insertion and slow withdrawal. Step S3: Formwork removal: When the concrete strength reaches 2.5 MPa or above, the concrete temperature is in the cooling period, and the temperature difference between the core concrete and the surface concrete, and between the surface concrete and the environment is no more than 20°C, the foundation formwork can be removed; The formwork should be removed in the order of installation first and removal later, or installation first and removal later. After that, apply concrete curing solution for maintenance, and promptly cover with plastic film or geotextile for moisture and heat preservation maintenance; Step S4: Backfill behind the wall. After the wall concrete strength reaches 80%, the wall soil is backfilled. Sealing measures are taken during transportation. The backfill soil is backfilled in layers and compacted in layers. The layer thickness does not exceed 30 cm. The layered backfill can ensure the density and uniformity of the backfill. The backfill behind the wall is compacted by rollers and small tamping equipment. The backfill behind the wall uses the soil excavated from the foundation pit and is made of sand or non-expanding clay. Step S5: Secondary slope protection grid, sidewalk construction, and interlocking block prefabrication and installation. A 10 cm gravel cushion is laid at the bottom of the grid, and steel bars are laid. After the steel bars are laid, the grid is poured. After pouring, the grid is finished. The sidewalk is paved with a cushion layer made of graded crushed stone or concrete, and drainage grates are installed to complete the paving of the sidewalk; According to the design drawings, the mold of the interlocking blocks is made, and the casting and curing are carried out. The interlocking blocks are laid on the foundation in sequence. After the laying is completed, the interlocking blocks are adjusted and fixed; Step S6: clean up debris, construction waste and construction equipment in the construction area, restore the site, maintain the concrete structure, configure corresponding facilities, and wait for subsequent opening for use.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the template is a standardized steel template, the template surface is a 6mm steel plate, the wall template height is 4710 to 9600mm, and for easy transportation, it can be divided into two parts and assembled on site. A channel steel frame is set on the outside of the wall template to facilitate assembly and reinforcement; Use a 25mm diameter screw rod to pass through a 32mm diameter PVC pipe to reinforce the concrete, and drill a 34mm diameter hole for the water stop screw rod on the template.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, when the concrete strength of the bottom plate reaches 80% of the design strength after pouring, the bottom plate is roughened and flushed clean before the wall construction is carried out and the formwork is erected. The wall height is formed by pouring concrete in one time; In order to enhance the shear resistance of the interface between the base plate and the wall, sufficient exposed stones are embedded in the contact surface between the base plate foundation and the wall. The embedded stones should be evenly distributed, the embedded depth and exposed height should not be less than 10cm, and the total amount should not be less than 15% of the contact area to increase the shear resistance of the interface between the base plate and the wall.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention uses the gravel pile method to treat the foundation, forming a gravel filling layer around the foundation, and setting a crushed stone cushion layer and a plain concrete cushion layer at the same time, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the foundation, improving the weak foundation, and improving the stability of the bank protection; 2. The present invention casts the gravity-type revetment breast wall in batches, and the template is installed in multiple times, which reduces equipment investment, enables fluid construction, and improves efficiency. At the same time, wire drawing rods are provided to reinforce the template to ensure construction reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a gravity-type structural revetment proposed in the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a gravity-type structural revetment proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the mold for a gravity-type structural revetment proposed in this invention Figure 4 This is a workflow diagram of a gravity-type structural revetment construction method proposed in the present invention.

[0014] In the figure: 1. Road surface; 2. Backfill soil; 3. Geotextile; 4. Pile foundation; 5. Plain concrete cushion; 6. Bottom plate; 7. Drain pipe; 8. Wall; 81. Slope; 9. Top pressure; 10. Wall formwork; 11. Channel steel frame; 12. Operating table. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Reference Figure 1-4 A gravity-type structural revetment and a construction method thereof include a pile foundation 4, a plain concrete cushion layer 5 is provided on the upper side of the pile foundation 4, a crushed stone cushion layer is provided on the lower side of the plain concrete cushion layer 5, a revetment body is provided on the upper side of the plain concrete cushion layer 5, and the revetment body includes a bottom plate 6, a wall body 8 and a capping 9. The wall body 8 adopts C25 plain concrete, and the bottom plate 6 and the capping 9 adopt C30 reinforced concrete. A grouting block stone bottom protection is provided on the side of the bottom plate 6 close to the river channel, and the grouting block stone bottom protection is located on the upper side of the crushed stone cushion layer. A sand and gravel filling layer is provided on the outer side of the pile foundation 4. The upper surface of the bottom plate 6 is at the same height as the designed river bottom elevation. The height of the wall body 8 is set corresponding to the designed high water level. The designed high water level refers to the high water level of the port hydraulic structure under normal use conditions. When designing the height of the wall body 8, it is necessary to refer to the designed high water level to improve the reliability of the revetment. One side of the main body of the revetment is filled with backfill soil 2, a geotextile 3 is laid under the backfill soil 2, a road surface 1 is set on the upper side of the backfill soil 2, and drainage facilities are set on the road surface 1, generally sewers or drainage ditches, for road surface drainage; A drainage pipe 7 is provided on the inner side of the wall 8. The drainage pipe 7 is tilted and made of Φ75PVC pipe. There are multiple sets of soft drainage pipes with a diameter of 100mm. The soft drainage pipes are connected to the ground drainage facilities for drainage. A slope 81 is provided on one side of the wall body 8 close to the backfill soil 2 , one end of the drainage pipe 7 close to the slope 81 is connected to a soft drainage pipe, and a wheel guard is provided on the top of the top cap 9 .

[0017] The construction method of gravity structure revetment includes the following steps: Step S1, excavation of the revetment foundation pit and pouring of the cushion layer, treating the foundation by the gravel pile method, burying the pile foundation, forming holes in the soft foundation by vibration, impact or water flushing, and then squeezing gravel or sand into the soil holes to form a dense pile body composed of large-diameter gravel or sand, forming a sand and gravel filling layer on the outside of the pile foundation 4 to improve the foundation strength. After completing the pile foundation construction, excavate downward to the bottom of the gravity retaining wall, use manual labor and excavators to level the bottom of the foundation pit, lay a gravel cushion layer at the bottom, fix the plain concrete cushion layer template, pour the plain concrete cushion layer as the steel bar binding working surface, and then carry out the steel bar construction connecting the pile foundation and the superstructure; Step S2: The gravity-type revetment breast wall is poured in three times, the formwork is installed in three times, the gravity-type retaining wall formwork is installed, the steel bars are tied, and then the concrete is poured. The first pouring is for the 0.8m bottom plate, the second pouring is for the 5.91m wall body, and the third pouring is for the 0.6m capping; The formwork is made of standardized steel, with a 6mm steel plate as the surface. The wall formwork 10 has a height of 4710 to 9600mm. For easy transportation, it can be divided into two parts and assembled on site. A channel steel frame 11 is set on the outside of the wall formwork 10 to facilitate assembly and reinforcement. An operating table is set on the wall formwork 10 as needed to facilitate construction workers to stand and operate. For further reinforcement, a 25mm diameter screw rod can be used to pass through a 32mm diameter PVC pipe to penetrate the concrete for reinforcement. A 34mm diameter water stop screw hole needs to be drilled on the formwork. First install the bottom plate reinforcement, then install the wall and top embedded reinforcement. During the reinforcement installation process, wooden planks should be used for temporary support to prevent the reinforcement from deformation. When pouring concrete, the process of adding ash and vibrating layer by layer is adopted. The concrete adopts the process of secondary vibration. The thickness of each layer is 300-600mm, generally 500mm. Use 50-type and 70-type concrete vibrators for vibration, and insert quickly and withdraw slowly. When the concrete strength of the bottom plate reaches 80% of the design strength after pouring, the bottom plate is roughened and flushed clean before the wall construction formwork is erected. The wall height is formed by one-time formwork and concrete pouring; To enhance the shear resistance of the interface between the base plate and the wall, sufficient exposed stones should be embedded in the contact surface between the base plate foundation and the wall, with 2 stones per square meter. The size of each stone should be between 0.3×0.3×0.3m and 0.3×0.3×0.4m. The embedded stones should be evenly distributed, with both the embedded depth and exposed height not less than 10cm. The total amount should not be less than 15% of the contact area, so as to enhance the shear resistance of the interface between the base plate and the wall. Step S3: Formwork removal: When the concrete strength reaches 2.5 MPa or above, ensuring that its surface and edges are not damaged by removal; when the concrete temperature is in the cooling period, and the temperature difference between the core concrete and the surface concrete, and between the surface concrete and the environment is no more than 20°C, the foundation formwork can be removed; The formwork should be removed in the order of installation first and removal later, or installation first and removal later. A 25t truck crane is used to assist in the erection and removal of the formwork. Afterwards, concrete curing solution is applied for curing, and plastic film or geotextile is promptly covered for moisture and heat preservation. Step S4: Backfill behind the wall. After the wall concrete strength reaches 80%, the wall soil is backfilled. Sealing measures are taken during transportation. The backfill soil is backfilled in layers and compacted in layers. The layer thickness does not exceed 30 cm. The layered backfill can ensure the density and uniformity of the backfill. The backfill behind the wall is compacted by rollers and small tamping equipment. The backfill behind the wall uses the soil excavated from the foundation pit and is made of sand or non-expanding clay. Step S5, secondary slope protection grid, sidewalk construction, and interlocking block prefabrication and installation, laying a 10cm gravel cushion at the bottom of the grid, the grid includes upper and lower grids of grouted block stone slope protection, and longitudinal and transverse grids of concrete slope protection. The width of the gravel cushion exceeds 5cm on each side of the grid, and steel bars are laid, paying attention to the distance between the steel bars to ensure the fullness and strength of the concrete; after the steel bars are arranged, welding is performed at the nodes of the grid, using methods such as arc welding or gas welding, and the welding points are polished and anti-corrosion treated. After the cushion layer is accepted, the grid is poured. Before pouring, the layout of the template and steel bars should be checked again. During pouring, an inserted vibrator should be used for vibration to ensure the fullness of the concrete. After pouring, the concrete is finished. After the grid is poured, the slope surface is constructed. First, the excess soil on the slope is cleared, and then the slope is cut and leveled. Then, geotextile and gravel cushion are laid, and the slope surface is poured. When pouring, it should be done in blocks, and attention should be paid to vibration and finishing. The sidewalk is paved with a cushion layer made of graded crushed stone or concrete. Appropriate drainage pipe materials and specifications are selected and installed according to design requirements. Drain grates are installed to facilitate the drainage of rainwater. The sidewalk is then paved. According to the design drawings, make the mold of the interlocking blocks, mix the prepared raw materials in a certain proportion, and stir them thoroughly. Then, pour the concrete into the mold and cast it; During the pouring process, it is important to control the slump and vibration intensity of the concrete to ensure the internal and external quality of the interlocking blocks. After pouring, the interlocking blocks should be cured. During the curing process, it is important to maintain appropriate temperature and humidity to promote the hardening and strength of the concrete. Before installing the interlocking blocks, the foundation should be treated to ensure that it is flat, solid, and meets the design requirements. If necessary, operations such as leveling, compacting, or laying a cushion layer can be performed. According to the design drawings and the measurement and positioning results, the interlocking blocks are laid on the foundation in sequence. During the laying process, pay attention to controlling the gaps and misalignment between the interlocking blocks to ensure a smooth and beautiful laying. After laying, adjust and fix the interlocking blocks. Use special tools or equipment to fine-tune the interlocking blocks to ensure their accurate and flat position. If necessary, use mortar or other bonding materials to fix them. Step S6: clean up debris, construction waste and construction equipment in the construction area, restore the site, maintain the concrete structure, configure corresponding facilities, and wait for subsequent opening for use.

[0018] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0020] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, the numerical expressions and the numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The techniques, methods and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the techniques, methods and equipment should be considered as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as being merely exemplary and not as limiting. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, and therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent figures.

Claims

1. A gravity-type structural revetment, comprising a pile foundation (4), characterized in that: A sand and gravel filling layer is provided on the outside of the pile foundation (4), a plain concrete cushion layer (5) is provided on the upper side of the pile foundation (4), a crushed stone cushion layer is provided on the lower side of the plain concrete cushion layer (5), a revetment body is provided on the upper side of the plain concrete cushion layer (5), the revetment body comprises a bottom plate (6), a wall body (8) and a capping (9), one side of the revetment body is filled with backfill soil (2), a geotextile (3) is laid on the lower side of the backfill soil (2), and a road surface (1) is provided on the upper side of the backfill soil (2); A drainage pipe (7) is provided on the inner side of the wall body (8), the drainage pipe (7) is arranged at an inclination, a slope surface (81) is provided on the side of the wall body (8) close to the backfill soil (2), one end of the drainage pipe (7) close to the slope surface (81) is connected to a soft drainage pipe, and a wheel guard is provided on the top of the capping (9).

2. A gravity-type structural revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall body (8) is made of C25 plain concrete, the bottom plate (6) and the capping (9) are made of C30 reinforced concrete, and a cast-in-place block stone bottom protection is provided on the side of the bottom plate (6) close to the river channel, and the cast-in-place block stone bottom protection is located on the upper side of the crushed stone cushion layer.

3. A gravity-type structural revetment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the bottom plate (6) is at the same height as the designed river bottom elevation, and the height of the wall (8) is set corresponding to the designed high water level.

4. A gravity-type structural revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (7) is a Φ75 PVC pipe and is provided in multiple groups. The diameter of the soft drainage pipe is 100 mm and the soft drainage pipe is connected to the ground drainage facilities.

5. A construction method for a gravity-type structural revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction steps include: Step S1, excavation of the revetment foundation pit and pouring of the cushion layer, the foundation is treated by the gravel pile method, the pile foundation is buried, and after the pile foundation construction is completed, the bottom of the gravity retaining wall is excavated downwards, the bottom of the foundation pit is leveled by manual cooperation with an excavator, a crushed stone cushion layer is laid on the bottom, and after the plain concrete cushion layer template is fixed, the plain concrete cushion layer is poured as a steel bar binding operation surface, and then the pile foundation and the upper structure are connected to the steel bar construction; Step S2, the gravity-type revetment breast wall is poured three times, the formwork is installed three times, the gravity-type retaining wall formwork is installed, and after the steel bars are tied, the concrete is poured. The first pouring is for the bottom plate, the second pouring is for the wall body, and the third pouring is for the top; First install the bottom plate steel bars, then install the wall and top embedded steel bars. When pouring concrete, use the process of pouring ash layer by layer and vibrating layer by layer. The concrete adopts the process of secondary vibration, fast insertion and slow withdrawal. Step S3, formwork removal: when the concrete strength reaches 2.5 MPa or above, the concrete temperature is in the cooling period, and the temperature difference between the core concrete and the surface concrete, and between the surface concrete and the environment is no more than 20°C, the foundation formwork can be removed; The formwork should be removed by the method of installing first and then removing, or installing first and then removing. After that, apply concrete curing liquid for maintenance, and cover with plastic film or geotextile in time for moisture and heat preservation maintenance; Step S4, backfilling behind the wall. After the concrete strength of the wall reaches 80%, the wall soil is backfilled. Sealing measures are taken during transportation. The backfill soil is backfilled in layers and compacted in layers. The layer thickness does not exceed 30 cm. The layered backfilling can ensure the density and uniformity of the backfill. The backfill behind the wall is compacted by rollers and small tamping equipment. The backfill behind the wall uses the earth excavated from the foundation pit, and the backfill is made of sand or non-expanding clay; Step S5, secondary slope protection grid, sidewalk construction, and interlocking block prefabrication and installation, laying a 10 cm gravel cushion at the bottom of the grid, laying steel bars, and after the steel bars are arranged, pouring the grid, and after pouring, finishing treatment is performed; The sidewalk is paved with a cushion layer made of graded crushed stone or concrete, and drainage grates are set to complete the paving of the sidewalk; According to the design drawings, the mold of the interlocking blocks is made, and the casting and curing are carried out. The interlocking blocks are laid on the foundation in sequence. After the laying is completed, the interlocking blocks are adjusted and fixed; Step S6: clean up the debris, construction waste and construction equipment in the construction area, restore the site, maintain the concrete structure, configure the corresponding facilities, and wait for subsequent opening for use.

6. The construction method of gravity-type structural revetment according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the template is prepared as a standardized steel template, the template surface is a 6mm steel plate, the wall template (10) has a height of 4710 to 9600 mm, and can be divided into two pieces for easy transportation and assembled on site. A channel steel frame (11) is provided on the outside of the wall template (10) to facilitate assembly and reinforcement; Use a 25mm diameter screw rod and a 32mm diameter PVC pipe to penetrate the concrete for reinforcement, and drill a 34mm diameter waterstop screw rod hole on the template.

7. The construction method of gravity-type structural revetment according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, when the concrete strength of the bottom plate reaches 80% of the design strength after pouring, the bottom plate is roughened and flushed clean before the wall construction is carried out. The wall height is formed by pouring concrete in one time. In order to enhance the shear resistance of the interface between the base plate and the wall, sufficient exposed stones are embedded in the contact surface between the base plate foundation and the wall. The embedded stones should be evenly distributed, the embedded depth and exposed height should not be less than 10cm, and the total amount should not be less than 15% of the contact area to increase the shear resistance of the interface between the base plate and the wall.

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