Observation and quantitative analysis device for field composite erosion of sandstone

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of erosion monitoring and analysis, and particularly discloses a sandstone field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device which comprises a first runoff plot, a second runoff plot, a third runoff plot and a fourth runoff plot which are arranged side by side. The first runoff plot comprises a metal shell and a weighing assembly arranged in the metal shell; the second runoff plot comprises the metal shell and the weighing assembly, and a rain cover plate is arranged above the metal shell; the third runoff plot comprises the metal shell and the weighing assembly, and a transparent windproof plate is arranged above the metal shell; the fourth runoff plot comprises the metal shell and the weighing assembly, and a water-permeable and air-permeable layer is arranged above the metal shell. By adopting the sandstone field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device, the problems of insufficient single power monitoring, data processing limitation and poor field environment adaptability are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of erosion monitoring and analysis, and in particular to a field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone. Background Art

[0002] As a typical ecologically extremely fragile area in the Yellow River Basin, the Pisha Sandstone area is the main source of coarse sediment in the Yellow River, and its soil and water loss problem has always attracted much attention. Due to its unique rock structure and complex erosion mechanism, the Pisha Sandstone faces the challenge of multi-phase erosion, including multiple dynamic factors such as rainfall erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion.

[0003] In the prior art, erosion observation methods mostly focus on monitoring a single erosion force, such as measuring the impact of hydraulic erosion or wind erosion alone, ignoring the interaction and superposition effect between multiple forces. For example, the invention patent with application number 202211340720.3 discloses a field composite erosion quantitative stripping device and observation method, which provides an original soil erosion measurement device, but cannot monitor the dynamic process of soil erosion, and the measurement error is large.

[0004] In addition, existing quantitative analysis devices have limitations in data processing and model building. Because the erosion process of arsenic sandstone is complex and involves the interaction of multiple factors, traditional data analysis methods are difficult to accurately capture the dynamic changes of these factors and their contribution to the erosion process. For example, the invention patent with application number 202010360177.8 discloses a field composite erosion observation cell structure and its application method. The device provides an observation device that can quantitatively strip freeze-thaw erosion, wind erosion, and water erosion. Regular three-dimensional terrain scanning is required to determine the amount of erosion. There may be problems with poor image quality, lack of accurate posture and position information, pixel matching and texture loss, as well as difficulties in missing navigation points and landmarks.

[0005] Therefore, in response to existing problems, combined with the influence of water, wind, freeze-thaw erosion and environmental factors, it is urgent to develop a device that can comprehensively observe multiple erosion forces, realize the stripping of composite erosion, and perform quantitative analysis on it, so as to more accurately reveal the mechanism and laws of arsenic sandstone erosion. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone, which ensures the stable operation of the equipment under harsh conditions, facilitates researchers to quickly install and move for observation in the field, and solves the problems of insufficient single power monitoring, data processing limitations and poor adaptability to the field environment.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone, comprising a first runoff area, a second runoff area, a third runoff area and a fourth runoff area arranged side by side, wherein the first runoff area comprises a metal shell and a weighing component arranged inside the metal shell; The second runoff area includes the metal shell and the weighing assembly, and a rain cover is provided above the metal shell; The third runoff area includes the metal shell and the weighing assembly, and a transparent windproof plate is provided above the metal shell; The fourth runoff area includes the metal shell and the weighing component, and a water-permeable and air-permeable layer is provided above the metal shell.

[0008] Preferably, the first runoff area, the second runoff area, the third runoff area and the fourth runoff area are arranged in sequence along the upwind direction of the mainstream wind direction in the monitoring area; The distances between the first runoff cell and the second runoff cell, between the second runoff cell and the third runoff cell, and between the third runoff cell and the fourth runoff cell are not less than two meters.

[0009] Preferably, a notch is provided in the upper center of the metal shell, a tray is provided at the notch, a collecting groove is provided at the center position of one side of the tray, one end of the collecting groove is fixedly connected to the tray, and the other end of the collecting groove extends downward along the edge of the tray to the interior of the metal shell, and the extended end of the collecting groove is connected to the collecting barrel.

[0010] Preferably, the collecting barrel comprises a barrel body and a barrel cover arranged above the barrel body, and a drainage valve is arranged below the barrel body.

[0011] Preferably, the weighing assembly comprises an electronic scale and an electric telescopic support, the electronic scale is located directly below the tray, the electric telescopic support is located below the electronic scale, the electric telescopic support is connected to the metal bottom plate by screws, the electric telescopic support is connected to the electronic scale by screws, and the electronic scale is connected to the tray by screws; The electric telescopic support is connected to a driving component, the driving component is electrically connected to a power supply component, and the electronic scale is electrically connected to a data transmission and control component.

[0012] Preferably, the sum of the height of the electric telescopic support after extension and the height of the electronic scale is greater than the height of the metal shell, and the sum of the height of the electric telescopic support when not extended and the height of the electronic scale is slightly less than the height of the metal shell.

[0013] Preferably, the four corners of the rain cover are fixedly connected to the four vertices of the metal shell through brackets, and the rain cover is a lighting arc-shaped endurance plate.

[0014] Preferably, the transparent windshield is arranged around the upper edge of the metal shell, and the height of the transparent windshield is 1.3 to 1.5 meters.

[0015] Preferably, the rain cover plate and the transparent windproof plate are both made of PC solid material.

[0016] Preferably, the water-permeable and air-permeable layer is arranged on the upper edge and top surface of the metal shell, and the water-permeable and air-permeable layer is made of spunbond polypropylene polymer material.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned arsenic sandstone field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device, and the beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The present invention integrates modules such as field monitoring, data collection, data transmission, data analysis, and command control to realize the analysis of the composite erosion characteristics of arsenic sandstone. The whole process is remotely wirelessly operated. The data collection, transmission, and control system operation are all automated, which reduces the use of manpower and improves production efficiency. It has stronger applicability to most layout schemes, data collection device types, and erosion amount calculation principles.

[0018] (2) The present invention observes composite erosion, water erosion separation, wind erosion separation and freeze-thaw erosion at different observation periods, weighs the original soil respectively, obtains the weight change process of the original soil at different observation periods, and then obtains the weight change of the original soil in each observation period by comparing the weight data of different observation periods. After conversion, the water erosion amount, wind erosion amount and freeze-thaw erosion amount are obtained respectively. The influence of environmental factors on wind erosion monitoring and analysis is fully considered, and the error caused by precipitation or excessive air humidity in wind erosion monitoring is effectively avoided, the monitoring accuracy is improved, and a more accurate and efficient method is provided for the analysis and summary of soil wind erosion laws.

[0019] (3) The present invention realizes real-time monitoring of wind erosion and data transmission, which can better analyze the dynamic process and laws of soil wind erosion.

[0020] (4) The processing process of the present invention is relatively simple, which can reduce costs to a certain extent. The operation process is relatively simple, which can improve the efficiency of the device.

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of the first runoff area of ​​an embodiment of a field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second runoff area of ​​an embodiment of a field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the third runoff area of ​​an embodiment of a field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fourth runoff area of ​​an embodiment of a field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone of the present invention.

[0023] Reference numerals 100. Metal shell; 200. Tray; 300. Electric telescopic support; 400. Collecting trough; 500. Collecting barrel; 600. Electronic scale; 700. Rain cover; 800. Bracket; 900. Transparent windproof board; 1000. Water-permeable and breathable layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0026] Embodiment 1 A field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone includes a first runoff area, a second runoff area, a third runoff area, and a fourth runoff area arranged side by side. The first runoff area, the second runoff area, the third runoff area, and the fourth runoff area are arranged in sequence along the upstream wind direction of the monitoring area, and the spacing between them is not less than two meters to ensure that the wind force is not affected by other runoff areas. In this embodiment, the first runoff area, the second runoff area, the third runoff area, and the fourth runoff area are all single-body standard monitoring runoff areas, and their lengths and widths are all 1 meter, and the heights and other dimensions and structures are adjusted according to the actual conditions of the internal device, and are suitable for installation procedures under various terrain conditions in the field.

[0027] The first runoff plot is used for the observation of fully exposed composite erosion of freeze-thaw, wind erosion and water erosion in the field of arsenic sandstone, that is, to observe the composite erosion characteristics of the soil under the free action of hydraulic (rainfall), wind and freeze-thaw under fully exposed conditions. The second runoff plot is used for the observation of composite erosion and water erosion stripping in the field of arsenic sandstone, that is, on the basis of the first runoff plot, the water erosion effect is separated, and only the erosion effects of wind erosion and freeze-thaw are retained. The third runoff plot is used for the observation of composite erosion and wind erosion stripping in the field of arsenic sandstone, that is, on the basis of the first runoff plot, the wind erosion effect is separated, and only the erosion effects of water erosion and freeze-thaw are retained. The fourth runoff plot is used for the observation of composite erosion, wind erosion and water erosion stripping in the field of arsenic sandstone, that is, on the basis of the first runoff plot, the water erosion and wind erosion effects are separated, and only the freeze-thaw erosion effect is retained.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the first runoff area includes a metal shell 100 and a weighing assembly arranged inside the metal shell 100. In this embodiment, the length of the metal shell 100 is 1 meter, the width is 1 meter, and the height is 0.5 meters. The metal shell 100 is assembled from metal plates with intact sealing at the joints. A notch is provided in the center of the metal plate on the upper part of the metal shell 100. In this embodiment, the size of the notch is 0.5×0.5 meters. A tray 200 is provided at the notch, and the side length of the tray 200 is slightly larger than the side length of the notch, the tray 200 has a certain depth, and the edge of the tray 200 has a certain width, so as to ensure that it can be in the notch without falling, and can be easily picked up from the notch. A collecting trough 400 is provided at the center position of one side of the tray 200, one end of the collecting trough 400 is fixedly connected to the tray 200, and the other end of the collecting trough 400 extends downward along the edge of the tray 200 to the inside of the metal shell 100, and the extended end of the collecting trough 400 is connected to the collecting barrel 500.

[0029] According to the slope of the metal shell 100, the side of the tray 200 close to the collecting trough 400 is placed on the side of the metal shell 100 that is slightly lower, so that the water on the tray 200 can flow in more easily, effectively avoiding the error caused by precipitation or excessive air humidity in wind erosion monitoring. The collecting barrel 500 is placed inside the metal shell 100, and the collecting barrel 500 includes a barrel body and a barrel cover arranged above the barrel body. A drainage valve is arranged under the barrel body to facilitate timely cleaning of the collecting barrel 500.

[0030] The weighing assembly includes an electronic scale 600 and an electric telescopic support 300. The electronic scale 600 is used for data collection. The electric telescopic support 300 is connected to a driving assembly, which uses a motor. The driving assembly is electrically connected to a power supply assembly. The electronic scale 600 is electrically connected to a data transmission and control assembly (not marked in the figure). The data transmission and control assembly is used for data transmission, data analysis, and command control to achieve full remote wireless operation. The electronic scale 600 is located directly above the electric telescopic support 300. The electronic scale 600 and the electric telescopic support 300 are fixedly connected by screws. The electronic scale 600 and the tray 200 are fixedly connected by screws. The cross-sectional size of the electronic scale 600 is smaller than that of the tray 200, ensuring that the electronic scale 600 can successfully lift the tray 200 completely from the gap through the extension of the electric telescopic support 300. When the motor is not started, the sum of the height of the electric telescopic support 300 when it is not extended and the height of the electronic scale 600 needs to be slightly smaller than the height of the metal shell 100, that is, less than 0.5 meters, and is connected to the bottom of the tray 200 with screws; when the motor is started, the sum of the height of the electric telescopic support 300 after being extended and the height of the electronic scale 600 needs to be greater than the height of the metal shell 100.

[0031] During the natural erosion process, when the motor is not started, the electronic scale 600 and the electric telescopic support 300 are not working, and the original soil placed on the tray 200 is subjected to composite erosion. The electric telescopic support 300 is placed at the bottom of the metal shell 100 and connected to the bottom plate of the metal shell 100 with screws. The electronic scale 600 is placed on the electric telescopic support 300, and the bottom is connected to the electric telescopic support 300 with screws, and the top is connected to the tray 200 with screws. During weighing, the electronic scale 600 is started, the motor is started, the electric telescopic support 300 is extended, and the electric telescopic support 300 rises until the electronic scale 600 and the tray 200 are completely separated from the metal shell 100. At this time, the electric telescopic support 300 stops extending. The reading of the electronic scale 600 is converted by the slope inclination angle to obtain the total mass of the tray 200 and the original soil placed on the tray 200 under this slope. In this embodiment, the electronic scale 600 uses a high-precision balance.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown, the second runoff area adjusts the structure on the basis of the first runoff area. The second runoff area includes a metal shell 100 and a weighing assembly. A rain cover 700 is provided above the metal shell 100. The four corners of the rain cover 700 are fixedly connected to the four vertices of the metal shell 100 through a bracket 800. The rain cover 700 is used to block rainfall and prevent the erosion of rainwater. In this embodiment, the rain cover 700 is made of PC solid material. The rain cover 700 is a light-collecting arc-shaped endurance plate with good light transmittance, which ensures air circulation and lighting on the upper part of the original soil body. The original soil body has the same temperature as the surrounding soil, and does not affect wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion. The specifications of the metal shell 100, the placement of the tray 200 and the weighing assembly are consistent with the first runoff area, thereby separating the water erosion effect and retaining only the wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion effects.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the third runoff area adjusts the structure on the basis of the first runoff area. The third runoff area includes a metal shell 100 and a weighing assembly. A transparent windshield 900 is provided above the metal shell 100. In this embodiment, the transparent windshield 900 is made of four-sided PC solid material, and there is no top cap. The transparent windshield 900 is arranged around the upper edge of the metal shell 100, and its height is 1.3 to 1.5 meters. The transparent windshield 900 surrounds the original soil in the middle, effectively blocking the wind force from all sides, while ensuring that the lighting, rainfall erosion and freeze-thaw erosion of the original soil are not affected, and ensuring that the original soil has the same soil temperature and humidity as the surrounding environment, thereby separating the wind erosion effect and retaining only the erosion effects of water erosion and freeze-thaw.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the fourth runoff cell adjusts its structure on the basis of the first runoff cell. The fourth runoff cell includes a metal shell 100 and a weighing assembly. A water-permeable and air-permeable layer 1000 is provided above the metal shell 100. In this embodiment, the water-permeable and air-permeable layer 1000 is arranged on the four sides and the top surface of the upper part of the metal shell 100. The water-permeable and air-permeable layer 1000 is made of spunbond polypropylene polymer material. The original soil is completely surrounded by the water-permeable and air-permeable layer 1000. The water-permeable and air-permeable layer 1000 can effectively prevent the water erosion caused by direct rainfall hitting the soil, and the wind erosion caused by the direct effect of wind on the soil, and can allow rainwater to infiltrate freely, thereby ensuring the consistency of the water content of the original soil and the surrounding soil, so that the freeze-thaw erosion is not affected, thereby separating the water erosion and wind erosion, and retaining only the freeze-thaw erosion.

[0035] The installation method is as follows: First, four single-body runoff monitoring cells are built: a 0.3-meter-deep trench is dug on the slope, the metal shell 100 is buried in the trench, and the soil is backfilled to fix it. The weighing component is installed in the metal shell 100, including the electric telescopic support 300, the electronic scale 600 and the tray 200, which are installed in sequence and fixed in sequence with screws.

[0036] Then, four runoff cells are built respectively: the first runoff cell, the second runoff cell, the third runoff cell and the fourth runoff cell. The first single-body monitoring runoff cell does not need to add other structures, that is, the first runoff cell. The second single-body monitoring runoff cell has a rain cover 700 built on top of it through a bracket 800 to form a second runoff cell. The third single-body monitoring runoff cell has a transparent windbreak 900 built on top of it using PC solid material, without a cap on the top, and the transparent windbreak 900 is fixed with reinforcing ribs around it to form a third runoff cell. The fourth single-body monitoring runoff cell has a water-permeable and breathable layer 1000 made of spunbond polypropylene polymer material fixed on top by wavy spring clips and reinforcing ribs, so that the spunbond polypropylene polymer material completely wraps the runoff cell to form a fourth runoff cell.

[0037] Here’s how to use it: In different observation periods, the original soil in the first runoff area of ​​composite erosion, the second runoff area separated by water erosion, the third runoff area separated by wind erosion and the fourth runoff area of ​​freeze-thaw erosion were observed respectively to obtain the weight change process of the original soil. Then, by comparing the weight data of different observation periods, the weight change of the original soil in the observation period was obtained. After conversion, the water erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion in the observation period were obtained respectively. By analyzing the data obtained in the observation period, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of arsenic sandstone erosion.

[0038] The main erosion types and their characteristics are different in different observation periods. The erosion process of arsenic sandstone is significantly affected by the season. The turn of spring and summer is the peak period of freeze-thaw and weathering. From March to June and November to April of the following year, the erosion power of arsenic sandstone slopes is mainly freeze-thaw and wind, while from July to October is the peak period of water erosion. Environmental factors during the observation period, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, etc., have an important influence on the erosion process of arsenic sandstone. By comparing the erosion rate and degree in different observation periods, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of arsenic sandstone erosion can be revealed. It helps to assess the severity of erosion and provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures.

[0039] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned arsenic sandstone field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device, fully considering the complexity and variability of the field environment, and adopts high-strength and corrosion-resistant materials to ensure the stable operation of the equipment under harsh conditions. At the same time, it is convenient for researchers to quickly install and move for observation in the field, solving the problems of insufficient single power monitoring, data processing limitations and poor adaptability to the field environment.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis device for arsenic sandstone, characterized by: It includes a first runoff area, a second runoff area, a third runoff area and a fourth runoff area arranged side by side, wherein the first runoff area includes a metal shell and a weighing component arranged inside the metal shell; The second runoff area includes the metal shell and the weighing assembly, and a rain cover is provided above the metal shell; The third runoff area includes the metal shell and the weighing assembly, and a transparent windproof plate is provided above the metal shell; The fourth runoff area includes the metal shell and the weighing component, and a water-permeable and air-permeable layer is provided above the metal shell.

2. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first runoff area, the second runoff area, the third runoff area and the fourth runoff area are arranged in sequence along the upwind direction of the mainstream wind direction in the monitoring area; The distances between the first runoff cell and the second runoff cell, between the second runoff cell and the third runoff cell, and between the third runoff cell and the fourth runoff cell are not less than two meters.

3. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 2, characterized in that: A notch is provided at the center of the upper part of the metal shell, a tray is provided at the notch, a collecting groove is provided at the center position of one side of the tray, one end of the collecting groove is fixedly connected to the tray, and the other end of the collecting groove extends downward along the edge of the tray to the interior of the metal shell, and the extended end of the collecting groove is connected to the collecting barrel.

4. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 3 is characterized by: The collecting barrel comprises a barrel body and a barrel cover arranged above the barrel body, and a drainage valve is arranged below the barrel body.

5. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 4, characterized in that: The weighing assembly includes an electronic scale and an electric telescopic support, the electronic scale is located directly below the tray, the electric telescopic support is located below the electronic scale, and the electric telescopic support and the electronic scale are connected by screws; The electric telescopic support is connected to a driving component, the driving component is electrically connected to a power supply component, and the electronic scale is electrically connected to a data transmission and control component.

6. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sum of the height of the electric telescopic support after being extended and the height of the electronic scale is greater than the height of the metal shell, and the sum of the height of the electric telescopic support when not extended and the height of the electronic scale is less than the height of the metal shell.

7. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 6, characterized in that: The four corners of the rain cover are fixedly connected to the four vertices of the metal shell through brackets, and the rain cover is a lighting arc-shaped endurance plate.

8. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transparent windproof plate is arranged around the upper edge of the metal shell, and the height of the transparent windproof plate is 1.3 to 1.5 meters.

9. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rain cover plate and the transparent windproof plate are both made of PC solid material.

10. The device for field composite erosion observation and quantitative analysis of arsenic sandstone according to claim 9, characterized in that: The water-permeable and air-permeable layer is arranged on the upper edge and the top surface of the metal shell, and the water-permeable and air-permeable layer is made of spunbonded polypropylene high molecular polymer material.

Images