Anode potential regulating device and electron accelerator

Abstract

The present invention discloses an anode potential regulating device and an electron accelerator, wherein the electron accelerator comprises a first electrode sheet, a second electrode sheet and a high-voltage end, wherein the high-voltage end is connected to the first electrode sheet, and the anode potential regulating device comprises a rheostat and an oil cylinder, wherein the rheostat is connected between the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet; the oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pump through a hydraulic oil pipeline, and the piston of the oil cylinder is connected to the rheostat, wherein the piston is used to drive the rheostat to adjust the resistance value. The present invention can observe the change of the beam current in real time when the high voltage and the beam current exist at the same time, thereby making it easier to select the best anode resistance and enabling the electron gun to be in the best working state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an anode potential regulating device and an electron accelerator. Background Art

[0002] An electron accelerator is a device used to accelerate charged particles. High-frequency and high-voltage accelerators accelerate charged particles to high energies through the action of high-frequency electric fields and high-voltage electric fields. They are used in a wide range of research fields, including particle physics, nuclear physics, and materials science. Electron accelerators can work in different ways, including linear accelerators and circular accelerators. By continuously accelerating particles, electron accelerators are able to produce high-energy particle beams that are used to study high-energy physical phenomena or perform medical radiation therapy.

[0003] Electron accelerators have very high requirements for electron guns, which are related to the efficiency of the electron gun, the quality of the emitted electron beam, and the quality of the beam envelope after the subsequent electrons enter the acceleration tube.

[0004] Accelerators of different energies have different requirements for the main parameters of the electron gun. When its mechanical structure has been determined, the quality of the electron beam emitted can only be improved by changing the potential of the electron gun's extraction electrode (anode).

[0005] The adjustment of the anode potential is based on changing the voltage-dividing resistor on the anode. There are many methods for this. Currently, two methods are basically used in the accelerator industry: 1. Replacing the anode resistor with different resistance values; 2. Connecting resistors of different resistance values ​​in series.

[0006] Both of the above methods require breaking the circuit to change the resistance value of the anode resistor. The start and stop of the electron accelerator not only affects the working efficiency but also easily damages the machine. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art that the electron accelerator must be disconnected to change the resistance value of the anode resistor, which affects the working efficiency and is easy to damage the machine. The present invention provides an anode potential regulating device and an electron accelerator that can observe the change of the beam current in real time when high voltage and beam current exist at the same time, thereby making it easier to optimize the optimal anode resistance and enable the electron gun to be in the best working state.

[0008] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0009] An anode potential regulating device is used for an electron accelerator. The electron accelerator comprises a first electrode sheet, a second electrode sheet and a high-voltage terminal. The high-voltage terminal is connected to the first electrode sheet. The anode potential regulating device comprises a variable resistor and an oil cylinder.

[0010] The variable resistor is connected between the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet;

[0011] The oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pump through a hydraulic oil pipeline, the piston of the oil cylinder is connected to the variable resistor, and the piston is used to drive the variable resistor to adjust the resistance value.

[0012] Preferably, the variable resistor includes a plurality of anode resistors and a plurality of switches, the second electrode sheet is connected to the first electrode sheet through all the anode resistors connected in series, two adjacent anode resistors are connected to the first electrode sheet through the switches, and the piston is used to drive the opening and closing of each switch.

[0013] Preferably, the switch is a reed switch, the variable resistor includes two fixings, two circuit boards and a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixed between the two fixings, a magnet is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft, the reed switch is arranged around the outside of the cylindrical rotating shaft and the reed docking point of the reed switch is aligned with the axial position of the magnet, one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the piston through a ratchet pawl, and the piston drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the ratchet pawl.

[0014] Preferably, two ends of the reed switch are respectively connected to two circuit boards, two ends of the anode resistor are respectively connected to two circuit boards, and the reed switch and the anode resistor are connected to the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet through the circuit boards.

[0015] Preferably, the high-voltage power supply of the electron accelerator is divided into a first branch, a second branch and a third branch, the two circuit boards are respectively a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first branch is arranged on the first circuit board, the second branch is arranged on the second circuit board, and the third branch is a series of anode resistors, one end of each anode resistor is arranged on the first circuit board and the other end is arranged on the second circuit board;

[0016] For an anode resistor, when the current direction in the anode resistor is from the first circuit board to the second circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the first branch and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor; when the current direction in the anode resistor is from the second circuit board to the first circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the second branch and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor;

[0017] The first branch, the second branch and the third branch are connected after the last anode resistor.

[0018] Preferably, the rotating shaft is connected to the fixing member via a one-way bearing, the ratchet pawl is connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the piston is used to drive the ratchet pawl to reciprocate.

[0019] Preferably, the electron accelerator includes an outer shell cylinder, a base, an accelerating tube and a high-voltage bracket, the outer shell cylinder, the accelerating tube and the high-voltage bracket are all arranged on the base, the high-voltage bracket is arranged on the outside of the accelerating tube, and the liquid inlet of the hydraulic oil pipeline is arranged on the base.

[0020] Preferably, the outer shell is arranged outside the high-voltage support, and the electron accelerator further comprises a solid-state insulation device and a liquid cooling device.

[0021] The solid-state insulation device comprises a solid-state insulation cylinder and an insulation top cover, wherein the solid-state insulation cylinder is arranged between the outer shell cylinder and the high-voltage support, the top of the solid-state insulation cylinder is fixed to the insulation top cover, the solid-state insulation cylinder comprises several layers of insulation film, and the insulation top cover is arranged above the high-voltage support;

[0022] The liquid cooling device comprises a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet and an insulating liquid, and the insulating liquid flows through the outer side of the solid insulating tube, the high voltage bracket and the accelerating tube.

[0023] Preferably, the coolant inlet is divided into a first pipeline and a second pipeline in the outer shell cylinder.

[0024] The first pipeline is connected to the top of the outer shell cylinder, the second pipeline is connected to the high-voltage cap at the top of the high-voltage support, the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are both arranged on the base, the first pipeline is connected from the base to the top of the outer shell cylinder along the gap between the solid insulating tube and the outer shell cylinder, the second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the first pipeline and is connected to the high-voltage cap along the gap between the high-voltage support and the accelerating tube.

[0025] Preferably, the variable resistor is installed in the high-voltage cap, and the hydraulic oil pipeline is connected to the high-voltage cap along the gap between the high-voltage bracket and the accelerating tube.

[0026] The present invention also provides an electron accelerator, which includes the anode potential regulating device as described above.

[0027] On the basis of being in accordance with the common sense in the art, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] The positive and progressive effects of the present invention are:

[0029] The insulated hydraulic oil pipeline and hydraulic pump system are used to change the position of the reed switch, thereby determining the on and off of the reed switch and achieving the purpose of changing the anode point. The complicated mechanical structure is eliminated, and the risk of high-voltage creepage breakdown is eliminated.

[0030] The use of a reed switch ensures that the anode resistance value is continuously changed. The beam current change data can be collected in real time without stopping the machine (when high voltage and beam current exist at the same time), making it easier to select the best anode resistance and keep the electron gun in the best working state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the principle of the anode potential regulating device of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the anode potential regulating device of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the anode potential regulating device of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electron accelerator according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 Another structural schematic diagram of the electron accelerator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is further described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] In this embodiment, the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment provides an electron accelerator, which includes an anode potential regulating device, a first electrode sheet 201, a second electrode sheet 202, a high-voltage end 203, a shell cylinder 204, a base 205, an accelerating tube 206 and a high-voltage bracket 207.

[0040] The high voltage end 203 is connected to the first electrode sheet, and the anode potential regulating device includes a variable resistor 101 and an oil cylinder 102. The high voltage end includes a high voltage bracket top mounting flange, a high voltage cap and other parts, which are high voltage in the accelerating tube.

[0041] The variable resistor 101 is connected between the first electrode sheet 201 and the second electrode sheet 202 .

[0042] The oil cylinder 102 is connected to a hydraulic pump through a hydraulic oil pipeline, and the piston of the oil cylinder is connected to the variable resistor, and the piston is used to drive the variable resistor to adjust the resistance value.

[0043] The variable resistor 101 includes a plurality of anode resistors 1010 and a plurality of switches 1011 , and the second electrode sheet 202 is connected to the first electrode sheet through all the anode resistors 1010 connected in series.

[0044] Two adjacent anode resistors are connected to the first electrode sheet through the switch 1011, and the piston is used to drive each switch to open and close.

[0045] The switch 1011 is a reed switch.

[0046] The variable resistor 101 includes two fixing members 1012 , two circuit boards 1013 and a rotating shaft 1014 .

[0047] The rotating shaft 1014 is fixed between the two fixing members 1012 .

[0048] A magnet is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating shaft, and the reed switch is arranged around the cylindrical outer surface of the rotating shaft, and the reed docking point of the reed switch is aligned with the axial position of the magnet.

[0049] One end of the rotating shaft 1014 is connected to the piston of the oil cylinder 102 through a ratchet pawl 1015, and the piston drives the rotating shaft 1014 to rotate through the ratchet pawl.

[0050] The piston drives the rotating shaft 1014 to rotate. Each reciprocating motion of the piston can cause the rotating shaft to rotate by a preset angle through the ratchet pawl, such as 60 degrees each time when there are 6 resistors. Each time the magnet on the rotating shaft rotates, it can align with a reed switch. When the magnet is aligned with the reed switch, the reed switch is turned on. For details, see Figure 3 , each reed switch can change its resistance when it is turned on (other reed switches are disconnected), thereby changing the anode potential.

[0051] Two ends of the reed switch are respectively connected to two circuit boards, two ends of the anode resistor are respectively connected to two circuit boards, and the reed switch and the anode resistor are connected to the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet through the circuit boards.

[0052] Specifically, the high voltage power supply 2031 of the electron accelerator is divided into a first branch 1016 , a second branch 1017 and a third branch 1018 .

[0053] The two circuit boards are respectively a first circuit board 10131 and a second circuit board 10132 .

[0054] The first branch 1016 is disposed on the first circuit board 10131 , and the second branch 1017 is disposed on the second circuit board 10132 .

[0055] The third branch is a series of anode resistors 1010, one end of each anode resistor is disposed on the first circuit board and the other end is disposed on the second circuit board;

[0056] For an anode resistor, when the current direction 10101 in the anode resistor is from the first circuit board to the second circuit board, one end 10111 of the reed switch (switch 1011) corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the first branch 1016 and the other end 10112 is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor.

[0057] When the current direction 10101 in the anode resistor is from the second circuit board to the first circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the second branch 1017 and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor;

[0058] The first branch, the second branch and the third branch are connected after the last anode resistor, that is, they are connected at the node between the last anode resistor and the second electrode sheet.

[0059] The anode resistor is connected in series with the boost resistor. The last resistor (the bottom resistor) of the boost resistor is the sampling resistor. The voltage value of the anode under the current resistance value of the variable resistor can be obtained and calculated through the sampling resistor.

[0060] The rotating shaft is connected to the fixing member through a one-way bearing, the ratchet pawl is connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the piston is used to drive the ratchet pawl to reciprocate.

[0061] The electron accelerator comprises an outer shell, a base, an accelerating tube and a high-voltage bracket. The accelerating tube comprises the electrode sheet.

[0062] The outer shell cylinder, the accelerating tube and the high-pressure bracket are all arranged on the base, the high-pressure bracket is arranged on the outside of the accelerating tube, and the liquid inlet of the hydraulic oil pipeline is arranged on the base.

[0063] The outer shell cylinder is arranged on the outside of the high-voltage bracket, and the electron accelerator also includes a solid-state insulation device and a liquid cooling device.

[0064] The solid-state insulation device includes a solid-state insulation tube 31 and an insulation top cover 32 .

[0065] The solid insulating cylinder is arranged between the outer shell cylinder and the high-voltage support, and the top of the solid insulating cylinder is fixed to the insulating top cover.

[0066] The solid insulating cylinder includes several layers of insulating films, and the insulating top cover is arranged above the high-voltage support;

[0067] The liquid cooling device comprises a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet and an insulating liquid, and the insulating liquid flows through the outer side of the solid insulating tube, the high voltage bracket and the accelerating tube.

[0068] The coolant inlet is divided into a first pipeline 33 and a second pipeline 34 in the outer shell cylinder.

[0069] The first pipeline 33 is connected to the top of the outer shell cylinder, and the second pipeline 34 is connected to the high-voltage cap on the top of the high-voltage support.

[0070] The coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are both arranged on the base, and the first pipeline is connected from the base to the top of the outer shell cylinder along the gap between the solid insulating cylinder and the outer shell cylinder.

[0071] The second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the first pipeline and is connected to the high-voltage cap along the gap between the high-voltage support and the accelerating tube.

[0072] The variable resistor is installed in the high-voltage cap, and the hydraulic oil pipeline is connected to the high-voltage cap along the gap between the high-voltage bracket and the accelerating tube.

[0073] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but these changes and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anode potential regulating device for an electron accelerator, the electron accelerator comprising a first electrode sheet, a second electrode sheet and a high voltage terminal, the high voltage terminal being connected to the first electrode sheet, characterized in that: The anode potential regulating device includes a rheostat and an oil cylinder. The variable resistor is connected between the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet; The oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pump through a hydraulic oil pipeline, the piston of the oil cylinder is connected to the rheostat, and the piston is used to drive the rheostat to adjust the resistance value; The variable resistor includes a plurality of anode resistors and a plurality of switches, the second electrode sheet is connected to the first electrode sheet through all the anode resistors connected in series, two adjacent anode resistors are connected to the first electrode sheet through the switches, and the piston is used to drive each switch to open and close; The switch is a reed switch, and the variable resistor includes two fixing parts, two circuit boards and a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is fixed between the two fixing parts, and a magnet is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft. The reed switch is arranged around the outside of the cylindrical rotating shaft, and the reed docking point of the reed switch is aligned with the axial position of the magnet. One end of the rotating shaft is connected to the piston through a ratchet pawl, and the piston drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the ratchet pawl.

2. The anode potential regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two ends of the reed switch are respectively connected to two circuit boards, two ends of the anode resistor are respectively connected to two circuit boards, and the reed switch and the anode resistor are connected to the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet through the circuit boards.

3. The anode potential regulating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-voltage power supply of the electron accelerator is divided into a first branch, a second branch and a third branch. The two circuit boards are respectively a first circuit board and a second circuit board. The first branch is arranged on the first circuit board, the second branch is arranged on the second circuit board, and the third branch is a series of anode resistors. One end of each anode resistor is arranged on the first circuit board and the other end is arranged on the second circuit board. For an anode resistor, when the current direction in the anode resistor is from the first circuit board to the second circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the first branch and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor; when the current direction in the anode resistor is from the second circuit board to the first circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the second branch and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor; The first branch, the second branch and the third branch are connected after the last anode resistor.

4. The anode potential regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft is connected to the fixing member through a one-way bearing, the ratchet pawl is connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the piston is used to drive the ratchet pawl to reciprocate.

5. The anode potential regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron accelerator comprises an outer shell, a base, an accelerating tube and a high-voltage bracket, wherein the outer shell, the accelerating tube and the high-voltage bracket are all arranged on the base, the high-voltage bracket is arranged on the outside of the accelerating tube, and the liquid inlet of the hydraulic oil pipeline is arranged on the base; The outer shell cylinder is arranged on the outside of the high-voltage bracket, and the electron accelerator also includes a solid-state insulation device and a liquid cooling device. The solid-state insulation device comprises a solid-state insulation cylinder and an insulation top cover, wherein the solid-state insulation cylinder is arranged between the outer shell cylinder and the high-voltage support, the top of the solid-state insulation cylinder is fixed to the insulation top cover, the solid-state insulation cylinder comprises several layers of insulation film, and the insulation top cover is arranged above the high-voltage support; The liquid cooling device comprises a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet and an insulating liquid, and the insulating liquid flows through the outer side of the solid insulating tube, the high voltage bracket and the accelerating tube.

6. The anode potential regulating device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coolant inlet is divided into a first pipeline and a second pipeline in the outer shell cylinder. The first pipeline is connected to the top of the outer shell cylinder, the second pipeline is connected to the high-voltage cap at the top of the high-voltage support, the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are both arranged on the base, the first pipeline is connected from the base to the top of the outer shell cylinder along the gap between the solid insulating tube and the outer shell cylinder, the second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the first pipeline and is connected to the high-voltage cap along the gap between the high-voltage support and the accelerating tube.

7. The anode potential regulating device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The variable resistor is installed in the high-voltage cap, and the hydraulic oil pipeline is connected to the high-voltage cap along the gap between the high-voltage bracket and the accelerating tube.

8. An electron accelerator, characterized in that: The electron accelerator comprises the anode potential regulating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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