Fruit growth regulator and bacteriostatic preservative as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fruit growth regulator and bacteriostatic preservative as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of preservation, pomace is taken as a raw material, and pomace microfibrillated cellulose, pectin and seed oil containing phenolic substances are extracted through organic acid treatment, DES reagent auxiliary mechanical treatment, ethanol water treatment and other treatments; then carrying out hydroformylation modification on nano cellulose, grafting chitosan, and compounding with pectin to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin composite particles with pH response performance, and taking the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin composite particles as a stabilizer of a Pickering emulsion; the green growth regulator solution is used as a continuous phase, the seed oil mixed Chinese herbal medicine extract is used as a dispersion phase, the controlled-release Pickering emulsion with growth regulation and bacteriostasis effects is prepared, the prepared emulsion is sprayed on berries to form a film layer, the growth process of the berries can be regulated, the fruit yield and quality are improved, and the quality of the berries is improved. And antibacterial substances can be slowly released for preservation when berries are picked and stored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fresh-keeping, and in particular to a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial fresh-keeping agent, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As people's demand for healthy food increases, the development of green agriculture and food preservation technology has received widespread attention. Berry fruits are rich in various vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, and have extremely high nutritional value and social benefits. However, they are prone to diseases and pests during their growth process, have uneven quality, are easily spoiled after picking, and have a short shelf life. Therefore, effective regulation of the growth process of berry fruits and improvement of post-harvest preservation technology have become important issues that need to be solved urgently.

[0003] Berries have a short growth cycle and are susceptible to pests and diseases. The traditional solution is to use chemical pesticides to eliminate pests and diseases by spraying. For example, in the invention patent "Nano-suspension for preventing and controlling fruit diseases" (CN117794366A), multiple components are diluted and mixed to prepare a mancozeb compound nano-suspension containing fluazinam and pyraclostrobin, which is a composite broad-spectrum fungicide that can prevent and control a variety of pests and diseases. However, chemical pesticides can cause soil and water pollution, pose a potential threat to human health, and destroy the ecological balance.

[0004] Common methods of preserving berries are low-temperature, high-humidity storage or chemical preservatives. For example, in the invention patent "A tangerine preservation storage device and storage method" (CN117204473A), a cooling water tank containing multiple connection frames is designed, which can be cleaned while the tangerines are stored at low temperature, thereby increasing the storage time; however, the energy consumption and operating costs of this refrigeration and humidification equipment are high and the scope of application is limited. In "The application of benzoyl-pyrazolyl in the post-harvest storage and preservation of fruits and vegetables and a method for post-harvest treatment and preservation of fruits" (CN118077751A), plums are sprayed or soaked with diluted benzoyl-pyrazolyl, then fumigated with 1-MCP and stored in a cold chain, which can maintain the hardness and freshness of the plums for a long time; however, benzoyl-pyrazolyl has certain toxicity and will remain on the surface of the fruit, causing pollution to the environment and endangering human health, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0005] In addition, growth regulators and antibacterial preservatives in the prior art are mostly prepared and used separately, and the application conditions are more restricted. They need to be used in different parts and stages, and the efficiency is low. In order to solve these problems, researchers have begun to seek greener, more environmentally friendly and more efficient preparation methods. Pickering emulsion is a new emulsion system that uses solid particles instead of traditional surfactants as emulsifiers. It has good physical stability and environmental friendliness and can be used for the protection and delivery of bioactive substances. Intelligent controlled-release Pickering emulsions can regulate the stability and release behavior of the emulsion according to environmental changes. As the environmental pH changes during the growth and storage of berry fruits, the coated bioactive substances are released to regulate the growth process, improve quality, and increase the storage shelf life. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention aims to provide a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to overcome the problems existing in the prior art. The invention can use pomace as raw material, and extract pomace microfibrillated cellulose, pectin and seed oil containing phenolic substances through organic acid treatment, DES reagent-assisted mechanical treatment, ethanol water treatment and the like; perform aldehyde modification on nanocellulose and graft chitosan, and obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin composite particles with pH response performance after compounding with pectin, and use the composite particles as a stabilizer for Pickering emulsion; use a green growth regulator solution as a continuous phase, and seed oil mixed with Chinese herbal medicine extract as a dispersed phase, to prepare a controlled-release Pickering emulsion with both growth regulation and antibacterial effects; the prepared emulsion is sprayed on berries to form a thin film layer, which can not only regulate the growth process of berries and improve the fruit yield and quality, but also slowly release antibacterial substances to preserve the berries when they are picked and stored.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative comprises the following steps: (1) sorting the pomace to remove the peel and the seed, crushing the peel and adding it to deionized water, adjusting the pH with an organic acid, and then reacting at a high temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; crushing the seed and adding it to an organic solvent, repeating the extraction several times, collecting the upper organic phase after standing and stratifying, and performing rotary evaporation to collect the undistilled matter to obtain polyphenol seed oil; (2) The solid-liquid mixture obtained in (1) is allowed to stand for separation, and after standing for separation, the upper layer is the water phase and the lower layer is the solid phase. The water phase is subjected to vacuum distillation, and an ethanol solution is added for precipitation to obtain a flocculent liquid. The flocculent liquid is subjected to vacuum filtration and then dried to obtain pectin. The solid phase is washed with deionized water for several times, and is subjected to vacuum filtration to obtain pomace crude fiber. A DES reagent is prepared, and the pomace crude fiber is added to the DES reagent for reaction to obtain pomace cellulose, and then high-pressure homogenization is performed for several times to obtain pomace microfibrillated cellulose. (3) adding the pomace microfibrillated cellulose obtained in (2) to a sodium periodate solution to carry out reaction A and stirring in the dark, adding ethylene glycol to terminate the reaction, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times and filtering, and then freezing to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose; dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid solution and stirring, adding dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose and the pectin obtained in (2) to carry out reaction B to obtain a dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex; (4) adding the polyphenol seed oil obtained in (1) to the Chinese herbal medicine extract solution, then adding inorganic nanoparticles, and performing ultrasonic emulsification to obtain a W / O type Pickering emulsion; (5) using the W / O type Pickering emulsion obtained in (4) as a dispersed phase, the growth regulator as a continuous phase, and the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex obtained in (3) as solid particles, mixing and stirring at a high speed to obtain a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative; Furthermore, in said (1), the peel is crushed to a particle size of 60-120 mesh; the mass ratio of the peel to deionized water is 1:(3-6); the pH is adjusted to 1-3; the reaction temperature at high temperature is 120-160°C and the reaction time is 60-90 min; the fruit seeds are crushed and added to the organic solvent, specifically: the fruit seeds are crushed to a particle size of 40-60 mesh, the fruit seeds are added to the organic solvent at a mass ratio of 1:(5-8), and the reaction temperature is stirred for 1-2 h at 40-60°C; the extraction is repeated twice; the standing time is 12 h; the rotary evaporation temperature is 50°C and the reaction time is 40 min; Furthermore, the pomace in (1) is a mixture of one or more of grape pomace, orange pomace, grapefruit pomace, pomegranate pomace, cherry pomace, plum pomace, and pear pomace; the organic acid is one of oxalic acid, formic acid, and maleic acid; the organic solvent is one of n-hexane, methanol, ether, and acetone; Furthermore, in (2), the standing time is 12 h; the temperature of the vacuum distillation is 60 °C, and the time is 30 min; the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 95%; the precipitation time is 12 h; the mass ratio of the aqueous phase to the ethanol solution is 1:(0.4-0.6); the vacuum filtration uses a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane; the drying temperature is 60 °C, and the time is 12 h; Furthermore, the washing step in (2) is performed 3 times; medium-speed qualitative filter paper is used for the reduced pressure filtration; the DES reagent is prepared by mixing choline chloride and oxalic acid in a mass ratio of 1:(1.2-1.5), and stirring at a temperature of 80-120°C for 30 minutes; the pomace crude fiber is added to the DES reagent for reaction by a mass ratio of 1:(10-30), and the reaction is carried out at 80-120°C for 50-80 minutes; the high-pressure homogenization is performed 3-7 times; Furthermore, the reaction temperature of reaction A in (3) is 40-60°C; the stirring time in the dark is 3-6 h; the mass ratio of pomace microfibrillated cellulose, sodium periodate solution and ethylene glycol is 1:(2-4):(5-8); the number of washings is 3 times; freezing is specifically: first freezing at -20°C for 12 h, and then freeze-drying at a temperature of a cold trap coil below -50°C for 48 h; dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution and stirring is specifically: dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 1% and stirring for 30 min; the mass ratio of dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose, chitosan, pectin and acetic acid solution is 1:(1-3):(2-5):(50-100); reaction B is specifically: stirring at 30-70°C for 40-60 min; the molecular weight of chitosan is 500,000-2,000,000; Furthermore, the mass concentration of the Chinese herbal extract solution in (4) is 0.5%~2%; the mass ratio of polyphenol seed oil, Chinese herbal extract solution and inorganic nanoparticles is 1:(0.5~2):(0.004~0.006); the power of ultrasonic emulsification is 200~400 W, and the time is 3~5 min; the inorganic nanoparticles are one of nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, nano-Al2O3, and nano-ZnO; the Chinese herbal extract is one of orange peel, ginkgo leaf, astragalus, and licorice; Furthermore, the mass concentration of the growth regulator in (5) is 0.001%~0.005%; the mass ratio of the W / O type Pickering emulsion, the growth regulator and the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex is 1:(2~4):(0.006~0.012); the high-speed stirring is specifically: stirring at 12000~16000 rpm for 2~3 min; the growth regulator is one of 14-hydroxybrassinolide, 28-homobassinolide, alginic acid, and polyglutamic acid; and the fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative are W / O / W type Pickering emulsion.

[0008] A fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative are obtained by the above preparation method.

[0009] An application of the above-mentioned fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative in the fields of promoting berry growth, improving quality, slowing down decay and deterioration, and extending shelf life is used during the fruit growth and expansion period, coloring period, fruit development period, and after fruit picking, and is sprayed on the surface of the berries to form a uniform protective film.

[0010] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: The invention provides a method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative. The method uses common pomace as a main raw material, and obtains an emulsion by subjecting the peel and the seed to a series of treatments respectively, and the emulsion is used for the growth regulation and preservation of berry fruits. The pomace waste is used to protect the berry fruits, thereby realizing the recycling of resources. Meanwhile, the pomace waste is used to separate pectin and microfibrillated cellulose from the peel through graded treatment, and polyphenol seed oil is extracted from the seed. Pectin and microfibrillated cellulose can be compounded as an emulsifier of Pickering emulsion to improve its stability, and the polyphenol seed oil can be used as a P The dispersed phase of the Pickering emulsion is coated with Chinese herbal extracts to improve the antibacterial range and antioxidant properties of the emulsion; the dialdehyde group is introduced by modifying the microfibrillated cellulose, which is combined with chitosan through the Schiff base reaction and pectin is added to form a complex with amino groups. As the pH value of the environment decreases, the stability of the complex decreases, and the active substances coated in the emulsion are slowly released, which can realize the pH response controlled release function of the Pickering emulsion; Chinese herbal extracts have poor stability and are easily oxidized and decomposed to lose their effects, so their application range is limited, and because they are hydrophilic, they are difficult to dissolve directly. The solution is mixed with the oil phase in the seed oil, which makes it difficult to be coated in the emulsion. The present invention uses the Chinese herbal medicine extract solution as the dispersed phase and the seed oil as the continuous phase to prepare a low internal phase Pickering emulsion, which can achieve a good coating effect of the seed oil on the Chinese herbal medicine extract, not only can it play a protective role but also can delay its release rate, prolong the action time of the Chinese herbal medicine extract, thereby improving the effect; the W / O / W type Pickering emulsion prepared by the present invention has the dual functions of regulating the growth process of berry fruits and preserving them after harvest, is convenient and safe to use, and the emulsion preparation uses biomass raw materials, which improves safety compared with traditional growth regulators and preservatives, reduces potential toxicity to the human body and the environment, has better preservation effect, and has a wider range of applications; the present invention uses a graded multi-component extraction design to make the product have higher efficiency in utilization, improve sustainability and multifunctionality; the W / O / W type Pickering emulsion prepared by the present invention successfully replaces traditional growth regulators and preservatives, has higher use efficiency, safety and biocompatibility, and brings a new, sustainable and efficient solution for growth regulation and preservation of berry fruits.

[0011] Furthermore, the peel was crushed to a particle size of 60-120 mesh, which helps to increase the contact area between the peel and deionized water, thereby improving the extraction efficiency; the mass ratio of the peel to deionized water was set to 1: (3-6), which not only ensured sufficient solvent to dissolve the useful components in the peel, but also avoided excessive use of solvent; the pH was adjusted to 1-3, and this acidic environment helped to stabilize and extract certain unstable components under acidic or neutral conditions; the reaction was carried out at high temperature (120-160 ° C) for 60-90 min, and high temperature can accelerate the chemical reaction rate and promote the dissolution of useful components; the fruit seeds were crushed to a particle size of 40-60 mesh, and compared with the peel, the fruit seeds had a smaller particle size; the mass ratio of the fruit seeds to the organic solvent was set to 1: (5-8), which can ensure sufficient solvent to dissolve the useful components in the fruit seeds; stirring at 40-60 ° C for 12 h, which not only avoided the destruction of the useful components by high temperature, but also ensured sufficient reaction time; the extraction was repeated twice and allowed to stand for 12 h, which can improve the extraction rate of useful components; the rotary evaporation temperature is 50 ℃ and the time is 40 min, which can remove the solvent and obtain pure useful components.

[0012] Furthermore, the diversity of pomace types means that a variety of different useful ingredients can be extracted from pomace from different sources, such as antioxidants, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and certain compounds with specific biological activities; by mixing different types of pomace, the complementarity of ingredients can be achieved and the comprehensive performance of the extract can be improved; the selected organic acid can be used as a catalyst or regulator in the extraction process to help destroy the cell wall structure in the pomace and promote the dissolution of useful ingredients; at the same time, the pH value of the extract can also be adjusted to retain certain ingredients that are more stable under specific pH conditions; different organic solvents have different solubility abilities for different ingredients in the pomace, and suitable solvents can significantly improve the extraction rate of useful ingredients. Furthermore, long-term standing helps the components in the solution to fully precipitate or stratify, thereby improving the efficiency and purity of subsequent operations; vacuum distillation is carried out at a lower temperature, which can reduce the damage of high temperature to useful components, shorten the distillation time, improve production efficiency, and effectively remove the solvent to obtain a purer product; selecting a high-concentration ethanol solution for precipitation operation helps to better separate and purify the target components; ethanol has moderate polarity and can form a precipitate with certain components in the aqueous phase without changing the properties of the solution too drastically; long-term precipitation helps to form a more stable and purer precipitate, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of subsequent filtration and drying; a reasonable mass ratio can ensure that the ethanol solution is fully in contact with and reacts with the components in the aqueous phase, while avoiding waste caused by excessive ethanol or incomplete precipitation caused by insufficient ethanol; the microporous filter membrane can effectively remove tiny particles and impurities in the solution, improve the purity of the product, 0.45 The pore size of μm can ensure the filtering effect without excessively prolonging the filtering time; the appropriate drying temperature and time can ensure that the moisture in the product is fully removed while avoiding the damage of high temperature to the useful ingredients. Long-term drying can also ensure the dryness of the product, which is convenient for subsequent storage and use.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple washings can effectively remove impurities and residues on the surface of pomace crude fiber, improve the efficiency and purity of subsequent extraction and purification, and three washings can not only ensure the washing effect, but also avoid the loss of components caused by excessive washing; medium-speed qualitative filter paper can not only meet the requirements of filtration speed, but also effectively intercept impurities and ensure the clarity of the filtrate; by mixing choline chloride and oxalic acid in a certain proportion and stirring at a certain temperature, a DES reagent with specific properties can be prepared, which has good solubility and extraction effect on certain components in pomace crude fiber. By adjusting the mass ratio of choline chloride and oxalic acid and the stirring temperature, the performance of the DES reagent can be further optimized and the extraction efficiency can be improved; adding pomace crude fiber to the DES reagent and reacting at a certain temperature can fully dissolve the useful components in the pomace; by adjusting the mass ratio of pomace crude fiber to the DES reagent and the reaction temperature and time, the extraction process can be controlled to obtain an ideal extraction effect; high-pressure homogenization treatment can significantly improve the extraction efficiency and make the useful components in the pomace dissolve more fully.

[0014] Furthermore, a temperature range of 40-60 °C helps maintain the stability of the reaction system and avoids side reactions or component degradation caused by excessively high temperatures; 3-6 h of light-proof stirring ensures sufficient contact and reaction between the reactants, while light-proof operation can prevent the decomposition of photosensitive components; setting the mass ratio of pomace microfibrillated cellulose, sodium periodate solution, and ethylene glycol to 1:(2-4):(5-8) helps optimize the reaction efficiency and ensure sufficient reaction between the reactants; washing three times can effectively remove impurities and unreacted products in the reaction product and improve the purity of the product; first freezing at -20 °C for 12 h, and then freeze-drying at a cold trap coil temperature below -50 °C for 48 h. This method of step-by-step freezing and long-term freeze-drying helps to maintain the structure and properties of the product while removing moisture to obtain a dry and stable product; chitosan was dissolved in 1% acetic acid solution and stirred for 30 minutes. The acetic acid solution, as a solvent, helps the dissolution of chitosan, and the appropriate stirring time ensures the full dissolution of chitosan; the mass ratio of dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose, chitosan, pectin and acetic acid solution was set to 1: (1-3): (2-5): (50-100) which helps to optimize the performance of the reaction product and ensure the synergistic effect between the components; chitosan with a molecular weight of 500,000 to 2 million was selected. The molecular weight in this range helps chitosan to exert its unique properties in the reaction, such as good film-forming properties and biocompatibility.

[0015] Furthermore, the concentration of the Chinese herbal extract solution is set within the range of 0.5% to 2%, which not only ensures the full dissolution of the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine, but also avoids the side effects or instability that may be caused by excessive concentration, which helps to exert the unique pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal medicine while maintaining the stability and safety of the product; by setting the mass ratio of polyphenol seed oil, Chinese herbal extract solution and inorganic nanoparticles, it is intended to achieve the synergistic effect of each component and improve the overall performance of the product. Polyphenol seed oil, as a base oil, has good antioxidant and moisturizing properties, Chinese herbal extracts give the product specific pharmacological effects, and inorganic nanoparticles can enhance the stability and functionality of the product, such as improving sun protection effects and enhancing antibacterial properties; ultrasonic emulsification is an effective mixing and dispersing technology that can evenly mix and finely disperse the components; selecting inorganic nanoparticles as additives can further enhance the functionality of the product; Chinese herbal extracts such as orange peel, ginkgo leaves, astragalus, and licorice have a wide range of pharmacological effects and enrich the types of product ingredients. Furthermore, the mass concentration of the growth regulator is set within the range of 0.001% to 0.005%, which not only ensures that the growth regulator can play its role in promoting plant growth or regulating plant physiological functions, but also avoids plant damage or physiological disorders that may be caused by excessive concentration, which helps to achieve refined and efficient plant growth regulation; by setting the mass ratio of W / O type Pickering emulsion, growth regulator and dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin composite, it is intended to achieve the synergistic effect of each component and improve the overall performance of the product; W / O type Pickering emulsion is used as a carrier to stably encapsulate and dispersed growth regulators; dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex serves as a sustained-release matrix, which can control the release rate of growth regulators and achieve long-lasting effects; high-speed stirring conditions can ensure that all components are fully mixed and evenly mixed in a very short time to form a stable emulsion system. High-speed stirring also helps to break up the agglomeration of droplets in the emulsion, making the droplet size smaller and more uniform, thereby improving the stability and use effect of the product; 14-hydroxybrassinolide, 28-homobassinolide, alginic acid, polyglutamic acid, etc. are selected as growth regulators. These substances have significant effects in promoting plant growth and increasing crop yield and quality.

[0016] The invention also provides a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative. The growth regulator is directly applied to the fruit growing plants as a continuous phase, which plays a role in promoting growth, improving the nutrition and yield of the fruit, and improving the effect and efficiency of growth regulation. The preservative makes full use of the processing waste of berry fruits, improves its economy and environmental friendliness, and can not only regulate the growth process of berry fruits, improve the yield and quality, and reduce the fruit drop rate, but also has an excellent preservative effect, can slow down the aging rate of fruits, and maintain good freshness and nutrients. The preservative prepared by the invention can be directly used in the growth process of berry fruits and sprayed during the expansion and maturity period of the fruits. The growth regulator added to the external water phase can promote the division of fruit cells, accelerate growth and increase the accumulation of nutrients in the fruit, reduce the fruit drop rate, and improve the fruit quality, thereby realizing the growth regulation of berry fruits. The seed oil in the oil phase and the Chinese herbal medicine extract added to the internal water phase can reduce the loss of water vapor, slow down the oxidation process of berry fruits, inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the surface, prevent decay and mildew, and maintain good taste and quality.

[0017] The present invention also provides an application of a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative in the field of promoting berry growth, improving quality, slowing down decay and deterioration, and extending shelf life. When used in the growth and expansion period of the fruit, the growth regulator can stimulate the division and expansion of berry cells, promote the rapid growth and expansion of the fruit, help increase the yield and size of the fruit, and improve the economic benefits of fruit farmers; when used in the coloring period and fruit development period, the growth regulator can promote the pigment synthesis and nutrient accumulation of the fruit, making the berry color more vivid and the taste fuller; at the same time, the antibacterial preservative can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms on the surface of the fruit, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and further improve the quality of the fruit; the antibacterial preservative forms a uniform protective film on the surface of the berry, which can effectively isolate oxygen and moisture in the air and reduce the fruit respiration and transpiration, thereby slowing down the decay and deterioration of the fruit; this protective film can also prevent the invasion of external microorganisms and protect the fruit from diseases; by slowing down decay and maintaining the quality of the fruit, the antibacterial preservative significantly extends the shelf life of berries, which means that the berries can maintain their freshness and taste for a longer time after picking, reducing losses caused by decay and improving the stability and reliability of market supply; the growth regulators and antibacterial preservatives used are all natural or low-toxic ingredients, harmless to the environment and human body, in line with the requirements of modern agriculture for green, environmental protection and safety, and are conducive to improving the market competitiveness of products; the method of spraying on the surface of berries is simple and quick, and easy to implement in orchards or processing plants, reducing production costs and labor intensity, and improving production efficiency and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative, and a preparation method and application thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it. In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0020] A method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative comprises the following steps: (1) The peel and seeds were separated from the pomace, the peel was crushed to a particle size of 60-120 mesh, and the peel was added to deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:(3-6), the pH was adjusted to 1-3 with an organic acid, and then the mixture was reacted at 120-160 °C for 60-90 min to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; the seeds were crushed to a particle size of 40-60 mesh, and the seeds were added to an organic solvent at a mass ratio of 1:(5-8), stirred at 40-60 °C for 1-2 h, and the extraction was repeated twice. After standing for 12 h, the upper organic phase was collected and stratified, and the undistilled matter was collected by rotary evaporation at 50 °C for 40 min to obtain polyphenol seed oil; The pomace is a mixture of one or more of grape pomace, orange pomace, grapefruit pomace, pomegranate pomace, cherry pomace, plum pomace, and pear pomace; the organic acid is one of oxalic acid, formic acid, and maleic acid; the organic solvent is one of n-hexane, methanol, ether, and acetone; (2) The solid-liquid mixture obtained in (1) was allowed to stand for 12 h. After separation, the upper layer was the aqueous phase and the lower layer was the solid phase. The aqueous phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 60 °C for 30 min, and 95% ethanol solution was added for precipitation for 12 h, wherein the mass ratio of the aqueous phase to the ethanol solution was 1:(0.4-0.6), to obtain a flocculent liquid. The flocculent liquid was filtered under reduced pressure using a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane, and then dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain pectin. The solid phase was washed with deionized water for 3 times, and filtered under reduced pressure using a medium-speed qualitative filter paper to obtain pomace crude fiber. Choline chloride and oxalic acid were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:(1.2-1.5), and stirred at a temperature of 80-120 °C for 30 min to obtain a DES reagent. The pomace crude fiber was added to the DES reagent at a mass ratio of 1:(10-30), and reacted at 80-120 °C for 50-80 min. min to obtain pomace cellulose, which is then homogenized under high pressure for 3 to 7 times to obtain pomace microfibrillated cellulose; (3) Add the pomace microfibrillated cellulose obtained in (2) to a sodium periodate solution, react at 40-60 °C and stir in the dark for 3-6 h, and then add ethylene glycol to terminate the reaction, wherein the mass ratio of pomace microfibrillated cellulose, sodium periodate solution and ethylene glycol is 1:(2-4):(5-8). Wash with deionized water and ethanol three times and filter, first freeze at -20 °C for 12 h, and then freeze-dry in a cold trap coil at a temperature below -50 °C for 48 h to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose; dissolve chitosan with a molecular weight of 500,000-2 million in a 1% acetic acid solution and stir for 30 min, add dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose and pectin obtained in S2 and stir at 30-70 °C for 40-60 min. min, wherein the mass ratio of dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose, chitosan, pectin and acetic acid solution is 1:(1-3):(2-5):(50-100), and a dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin composite is obtained; (4) adding the polyphenol seed oil obtained in (1) to a Chinese herbal medicine extract solution having a mass concentration of 0.5% to 2%, and then adding inorganic nanoparticles, wherein the mass ratio of the polyphenol seed oil, the Chinese herbal medicine extract solution and the inorganic nanoparticles is 1:(0.5-2):(0.004-0.006), and ultrasonic emulsification is performed at a power of 200-400 W for 3-5 min to obtain a W / O type Pickering emulsion; The inorganic nanoparticles are one of nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, nano-Al2O3, and nano-ZnO; the Chinese herbal extract is one of orange peel, ginkgo leaf, astragalus, and liquorice; (5) The W / O Pickering emulsion obtained in (4) is used as a dispersed phase, a growth regulator with a mass concentration of 0.001% to 0.005% is used as a continuous phase, and the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex obtained in (3) is used as solid particles, and the mixture is mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(2-4):(0.006-0.012), and stirred at 12000-16000 rpm for 2-3 min to obtain a W / O / W Pickering emulsion, that is, a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative; The growth regulator is one of 14-hydroxybrassinolide, 28-homobassinolide, alginic acid and polyglutamic acid.

[0021] A fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative are obtained by the above preparation method.

[0022] A method for applying fruit growth regulators and antibacterial preservatives in promoting berry growth, improving quality, slowing down decay and deterioration, and extending shelf life. The method is used during the fruit growth and expansion period, coloring period, fruit development period, and after fruit picking, and is sprayed on the surface of the berries to form a uniform protective film.

[0023] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative, comprising the following steps: (1) The peel and seeds were separated from the pomace. 30 g of grape peel was crushed to a particle size of 60-80 mesh, added to 90 mL of deionized water, and the pH was adjusted to 3 with oxalic acid. Then, the mixture was reacted at 120 °C for 90 min to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. 30 g of grape seeds were crushed to a particle size of 40 mesh, added to 150 g of n-hexane, stirred at 40 °C for 2 h, and the extraction was repeated twice. After standing for 12 h, the upper organic phase was collected and rotary evaporated at 50 °C for 40 min. The undistilled matter was collected to obtain polyphenol seed oil. (2) The solid-liquid mixture obtained in (1) was allowed to stand for 12 h. After separation, the upper layer was the aqueous phase and the lower layer was the solid phase. 60 g of the aqueous phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 60 °C for 30 min, and 24 g of 95% ethanol solution was added for precipitation for 12 h to obtain a flocculent liquid. The flocculent liquid was filtered under reduced pressure using a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane, and then dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain pectin. The solid phase was washed three times with deionized water and filtered under reduced pressure using a medium-speed qualitative filter paper to obtain pomace crude fiber. 15 g of choline chloride and 18 g of oxalic acid were mixed and stirred at 80 °C for 30 min to obtain DES reagent. 3.3 g of pomace crude fiber was added and reacted at 80 °C for 80 min to obtain pomace cellulose. The pomace microfibrillated cellulose was then homogenized three times under high pressure to obtain pomace microfibrillated cellulose. (3) Take 3 g of pomace microfibrillated cellulose obtained in (2) and add it to 6 g of sodium periodate solution, react at 40 °C and stir in the dark for 6 h, add 15 mL of ethylene glycol to terminate the reaction, wash with deionized water and ethanol three times and filter, freeze at -20 °C for 12 h, and then freeze-dry in a cold trap coil at a temperature below -50 °C for 48 h to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose; dissolve 2 g of chitosan with a molecular weight of 2 million in 100 g of 1% acetic acid solution and stir for 30 min, add 2 g of dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose and 4 g of pectin obtained in S2 and stir at 30 °C for 60 min to obtain a dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex; (4) 2 g of polyphenol seed oil obtained in (1) was added to 1 g of 0.5% tangerine peel extract solution, and then 8 mg of nano-TiO2 was added. The mixture was ultrasonically emulsified at a power of 200 W for 5 min to obtain a W / O type Pickering emulsion. (5) 3 g of the W / O Pickering emulsion obtained in (4) was added with 6 g of 0.005% 14-hydroxybrassinolide and 18 mg of the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex obtained in (3), and the mixture was stirred at 12000 rpm for 3 min to obtain a W / O / W Pickering emulsion, which is a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative. When applied to grape plants during their expansion period, the weight of 100 grapes reached 1042.75 g, the yield growth rate was 21.49%, and the soluble sugar content was 18.61 mg kg -1 After the grapes were picked and stored at 4°C for 28 days, the weight loss rate of the fruit was only 0.4%. The titratable acid content increased first and then decreased, and the rate of decrease slowed down. The hardness decreased slowly, which slowed down the corruption process of the grapes and extended the shelf life.

[0024] Table 1 Grape plant application data table

[0025] Embodiment 2: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative, comprising the following steps: (1) The peel and seeds were separated from the pomace. 40 g of orange peel and grapefruit peel were mixed and crushed to a particle size of 80-100 mesh, added to 160 mL of deionized water, and the pH was adjusted to 2 with formic acid. Then, the mixture was reacted at 140 °C for 70 min to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. 40 g of orange seeds and grapefruit seeds were mixed and crushed to a particle size of 50 mesh, added to 240 g of methanol, stirred at 50 °C for 1.5 h, and the extraction was repeated twice. After standing for 12 h, the upper organic phase was collected and rotary evaporated at 50 °C for 40 min. The undistilled matter was collected to obtain polyphenol seed oil. (2) The solid-liquid mixture obtained in (1) was allowed to stand for 12 h. After separation, the upper layer was the aqueous phase and the lower layer was the solid phase. 100 g of the aqueous phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 60 °C for 30 min, and 50 g of 95% ethanol solution was added for precipitation for 12 h to obtain a flocculent liquid. The flocculent liquid was filtered under reduced pressure using a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane, and then dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain pectin. The solid phase was washed with deionized water for 3 times, and filtered under reduced pressure using a medium-speed qualitative filter paper to obtain pomace crude fiber. 20 g of choline chloride and 26 g of oxalic acid were mixed, stirred at 95 °C for 30 min to obtain DES reagent, 3.1 g of pomace crude fiber was added, and the mixture was reacted at 95 °C for 70 min to obtain pomace cellulose. The mixture was then homogenized under high pressure for 5 times to obtain pomace microfibrillated cellulose. (3) Take 3 g of pomace microfibrillated cellulose obtained in (2) and add it to 9 g of sodium periodate solution, react at 50 °C and stir in the dark for 5 h, add 18 mL of ethylene glycol to terminate the reaction, wash with deionized water and ethanol three times and filter, freeze at -20 °C for 12 h, and then freeze-dry in a cold trap coil at a temperature below -50 °C for 48 h to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose; dissolve 6 g of chitosan with a molecular weight of 1.5 million in 210 g of 1% acetic acid solution and stir for 30 min, add 3 g of dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose and 9 g of pectin obtained in S2 and stir at 45 °C for 50 min to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex; (4) 4 g of polyphenol seed oil obtained in (1) was added to 4 g of 1% ginkgo leaf extract solution, and then 20 mg of nano-SiO2 was added. The mixture was ultrasonically emulsified at a power of 300 W for 4 min to obtain a W / O type Pickering emulsion. (5) 4 g of the W / O Pickering emulsion obtained in (4) was added with 12 g of 0.004% alginate and 32 mg of the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex obtained in (3), and the mixture was stirred at 13,000 rpm for 2.5 min to obtain a W / O / W Pickering emulsion, which is a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative. When applied to strawberry plants during their coloring period, the plants color and mature 3 days earlier on average, with a single fruit weight of 20.69 g and an increase in single-plant yield of 8.03%. When applied to strawberries after they are picked, the fruit weight loss rate after storage at 4°C for 28 days is only 0.36%, the titratable acid content increases first and then decreases, with a slower rate of decline, the hardness decreases slowly, and the storage time is extended.

[0026] Table 2 Application data of strawberry plants

[0027] Embodiment 3: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative, comprising the following steps: (1) The peel and seeds were separated from the pomace. 35 g of pomegranate peel, cherry peel and plum peel were mixed and crushed to a particle size of 70-100 mesh, added to 175 mL of deionized water, and the pH was adjusted to 2 with formic acid. Then, the mixture was reacted at 150 °C for 80 min to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. 35 g of pomegranate seeds, cherry seeds and plum seeds were mixed and crushed to a particle size of 60 mesh, added to 245 g of ether, stirred at 55 °C for 1 h, and the extraction was repeated twice. After standing for 12 h, the upper organic phase was collected and rotary evaporated at 50 °C for 40 min. The undistilled matter was collected to obtain polyphenol seed oil. (2) The solid-liquid mixture obtained in (1) was allowed to stand for 12 h. After separation, the upper layer was the aqueous phase and the lower layer was the solid phase. 120 g of the aqueous phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 60 °C for 30 min, and 60 g of 95% ethanol solution was added for precipitation for 12 h to obtain a flocculent liquid. The flocculent liquid was filtered under reduced pressure using a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane, and then dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain pectin. The solid phase was washed with deionized water for 3 times, and filtered under reduced pressure using a medium-speed qualitative filter paper to obtain pomace crude fiber. 18 g of choline chloride and 25 g of oxalic acid were mixed, stirred at 100 °C for 30 min to obtain DES reagent, 2.2 g of pomace crude fiber was added, and the mixture was reacted at 100 °C for 60 min to obtain pomace cellulose. The mixture was then subjected to high-pressure homogenization for 6 times to obtain pomace microfibrillated cellulose. (3) Take 2 g of pomace microfibrillated cellulose obtained in (2) and add it to 6 g of sodium periodate solution, react at 55 °C and stir in the dark for 5 h, add 14 mL of ethylene glycol to terminate the reaction, wash with deionized water and ethanol three times and filter, freeze at -20 °C for 12 h, and then freeze-dry in a cold trap coil at a temperature below -50 °C for 48 h to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose; dissolve 4 g of chitosan with a molecular weight of 1 million in 160 g of 1% acetic acid solution and stir for 30 min, add 2 g of dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose and 8 g of pectin obtained in S2 and stir at 60 °C for 45 min to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex; (4) 3 g of polyphenol seed oil obtained in (1) was added to 4.5 g of 1.5% astragalus extract solution, and then 15 mg of nano-Al2O3 was added. Ultrasonic emulsification was performed at a power of 350 W for 4 min to obtain a W / O type Pickering emulsion. (5) Take 5 g of the W / O Pickering emulsion obtained in (4), add 15 g of polyglutamic acid with a mass concentration of 0.002% and 50 mg of the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex obtained in (3), and stir at 14000 rpm for 2 min to obtain a W / O / W Pickering emulsion, which is a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative; When applied to cherry plants during the fruit development period, the fruit cracking rate was less than 5% and the yield growth rate was 13.19%. When applied to cherries after they were picked, the fruit weight loss rate was only 0.47% when stored at 4°C for 28 days, the rate of decrease of the titratable acid content was slowed down, the hardness decreased slowly, and the shelf life was extended.

[0028] Table 3 Cherry plant application data table

[0029] Embodiment 4: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative, comprising the following steps: (1) The peel and seeds were separated from the pomace. 50 g of pear peel was crushed to a particle size of 100-120 mesh, added to 300 mL of deionized water, adjusted to pH 1 with oxalic acid, and then reacted at 160 °C for 60 min to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. 40 g of grape seeds were crushed to a particle size of 60 mesh, added to 320 g of acetone, stirred at 60 °C for 1 h, and extracted twice. After standing for 12 h, the upper organic phase was collected and rotary evaporated at 50 °C for 40 min, and the undistilled matter was collected to obtain polyphenol seed oil. (2) The solid-liquid mixture obtained in (1) was allowed to stand for 12 h. After separation, the upper layer was the aqueous phase and the lower layer was the solid phase. 150 g of the aqueous phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 60 °C for 30 min, and 90 g of 95% ethanol solution was added for precipitation for 12 h to obtain a flocculent liquid. The flocculent liquid was filtered under reduced pressure using a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane, and then dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain pectin. The solid phase was washed with deionized water for 3 times, and filtered under reduced pressure using a medium-speed qualitative filter paper to obtain pomace crude fiber. 39 g of choline chloride and 60 g of oxalic acid were mixed, stirred at 120 °C for 30 min to obtain DES reagent, 3.3 g of pomace crude fiber was added, and the mixture was reacted at 120 °C for 50 min to obtain pomace cellulose. The mixture was then homogenized under high pressure for 7 times to obtain pomace microfibrillated cellulose. (3) Take 3 g of pomace microfibrillated cellulose obtained in (2) and add it to 12 g of sodium periodate solution, react at 60 °C and stir in the dark for 3 h, add 24 mL of ethylene glycol to terminate the reaction, wash with deionized water and ethanol three times and filter, freeze at -20 °C for 12 h, and then freeze-dry in a cold trap coil at a temperature below -50 °C for 48 h to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose; dissolve 9 g of chitosan with a molecular weight of 500,000 in 300 g of 1% acetic acid solution and stir for 30 min, add 3 g of dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose and 15 g of pectin obtained in S2 and stir at 70 °C for 40 min to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex; (4) 4 g of the polyphenol seed oil obtained in (1) was added to 8 g of a 2% licorice extract solution, and then 24 mg of nano ZnO was added. The mixture was ultrasonically emulsified at a power of 400 W for 3 min to obtain a W / O type Pickering emulsion. (5) taking 6 g of the W / O Pickering emulsion obtained in (4), adding 24 g of 0.001% 28-homobrassinolide and 72 mg of the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex obtained in (3), and stirring at 16000 rpm for 2 min to obtain a W / O / W Pickering emulsion, i.e., a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative; When applied to blueberry plants during the fruit development period, the fruit shedding rate was only 4% 20 days after spraying, and the yield growth rate was 14.47%. When applied to blueberries after they were picked, the fruit weight loss rate was only 0.25% after 28 days of storage at 4°C, the rate of decrease of titratable acid content slowed down, the hardness decreased slowly, and the shelf life was extended.

[0030] Table 4 Blueberry plant application data table

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, sorting the peel and the seed from the pomace, crushing the peel and adding it to deionized water, adjusting the pH with an organic acid, and then reacting at a high temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; crushing the seed and adding it to an organic solvent, repeating the extraction several times, collecting the upper organic phase after standing and stratifying, and performing rotary evaporation to collect the undistilled matter to obtain polyphenol seed oil; S2, the solid-liquid mixture obtained in S1 is allowed to stand, after standing and stratifying, the upper layer is the water phase and the lower layer is the solid phase, the water phase is subjected to vacuum distillation, an ethanol solution is added for precipitation to obtain a flocculent liquid, the flocculent liquid is subjected to vacuum filtration, and then dried to obtain pectin; the solid phase is washed with deionized water for several times, and is subjected to vacuum filtration to obtain pomace crude fiber; a DES reagent is prepared, the pomace crude fiber is added to the DES reagent for reaction to obtain pomace cellulose, and then high-pressure homogenization is performed for several times to obtain pomace microfibrillated cellulose; S3, adding the pomace microfibrillated cellulose obtained in S2 to a sodium periodate solution to carry out reaction A and stirring in the dark, adding ethylene glycol to terminate the reaction, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times and filtering, and then freezing to obtain dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose; dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid solution and stirring, adding dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose and the pectin obtained in S2 to carry out reaction B to obtain a dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex; S4, adding the polyphenol seed oil obtained in S1 to the Chinese herbal medicine extract solution, and then adding inorganic nanoparticles, performing ultrasonic emulsification to obtain a W / O type Pickering emulsion; S5, using the W / O type Pickering emulsion obtained in S4 as the dispersed phase, the growth regulator as the continuous phase, and the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex obtained in S3 as solid particles, mixing and stirring at a high speed to obtain a fruit growth regulator and an antibacterial preservative.

2. The method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S1, the peel is crushed to a particle size of 60-120 mesh; the mass ratio of the peel to deionized water is 1: (3-6); the pH is adjusted to 1-3; the reaction temperature at high temperature is 120-160°C, and the reaction time is 60-90 min; the fruit seeds are crushed and added to the organic solvent, specifically: the fruit seeds are crushed to a particle size of 40-60 mesh, and the fruit seeds are added to the organic solvent at a mass ratio of 1: (5-8), and stirred for 1-2 h at a reaction temperature of 40-60°C; the extraction is repeated twice; the standing time is 12 h; the temperature of the rotary evaporation is 50°C, and the time is 40 min.

3. The method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pomace in S1 is a mixture of one or more of grape pomace, orange pomace, grapefruit pomace, pomegranate pomace, cherry pomace, plum pomace and pear pomace; the organic acid is one of oxalic acid, formic acid and maleic acid; and the organic solvent is one of n-hexane, methanol, ether and acetone.

4. The method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standing time in S2 is 12 h; the temperature of the reduced pressure distillation is 60 ° C, and the time is 30 min; the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 95%; the precipitation time is 12 h; the mass ratio of the aqueous phase to the ethanol solution is 1: (0.4~0.6); a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane is used for reduced pressure filtration; the drying temperature is 60 ° C, and the time is 12 h.

5. The method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative according to claim 1, characterized in that: The washing times in S2 are 3 times; medium-speed qualitative filter paper is used for reduced pressure filtration; the DES reagent is prepared by mixing choline chloride and oxalic acid in a mass ratio of 1: (1.2-1.5), and stirring at a temperature of 80-120°C for 30 min; the pomace crude fiber is added to the DES reagent for reaction by adding the pomace crude fiber to the DES reagent in a mass ratio of 1: (10-30), and reacting at 80-120°C for 50-80 min; the high-pressure homogenization is performed 3-7 times.

6. The method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction temperature of reaction A in S3 is 40-60°C; the stirring time in the dark is 3-6 h; the mass ratio of pomace microfibrillated cellulose, sodium periodate solution and ethylene glycol is 1:(2-4):(5-8); the number of washings is 3 times; freezing is specifically: first freezing at -20°C for 12 h, and then freeze-drying at a temperature of a cold trap coil below -50°C for 48 h; dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution and stirring is specifically: dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 1% and stirring for 30 min; the mass ratio of dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose, chitosan, pectin and acetic acid solution is 1:(1-3):(2-5):(50-100); reaction B is specifically: stirring at 30-70°C for 40-60 min; the molecular weight of chitosan is 500,000-2,000,000.

7. The method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the Chinese herbal extract solution in S4 is 0.5%~2%; the mass ratio of polyphenol seed oil, Chinese herbal extract solution and inorganic nanoparticles is 1:(0.5~2):(0.004~0.006); the power of ultrasonic emulsification is 200~400 W, and the time is 3~5 min; the inorganic nanoparticles are one of nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, nano-Al2O3, and nano-ZnO; the Chinese herbal extract is one of orange peel, ginkgo leaf, astragalus, and licorice.

8. The method for preparing a fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the growth regulator in the S5 is 0.001%-0.005%; the mass ratio of the W / O type Pickering emulsion, the growth regulator and the dialdehyde microfibrillated cellulose-chitosan-pectin complex is 1:(2-4):(0.006-0.012); the high-speed stirring is specifically: stirring at 12000-16000 rpm for 2-3 min; the growth regulator is one of 14-hydroxybrassinolide, 28-homobassinolide, alginic acid and polyglutamic acid; the fruit growth regulator and the antibacterial preservative are W / O / W type Pickering emulsion.

9. A fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An application of the fruit growth regulator and antibacterial preservative according to claim 9 in the fields of promoting berry growth, improving quality, slowing down decay and deterioration, and extending shelf life, characterized in that: Use it during the fruit growth and expansion period, coloring period, fruit development period and after fruit picking, spray it on the surface of berries to form a uniform protective film.

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