Micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device and treatment method

Abstract

The invention provides a micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device and a treatment method, the micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device comprises a tank body, the tank body is internally provided with a filtration area and a water storage area, and the filtration area is located above the water storage area; the filter material layer is arranged in the filter area; the water distribution mechanism is arranged above the filter material layer, sewage is discharged towards the filter material layer through the water distribution mechanism, and the discharged sewage is filtered through the filter material layer and enters the water storage area; and the natural ventilation mechanism comprises an air exhaust cap, the air exhaust cap is communicated with the tank body, and the air draft phenomenon is formed through natural air, so that the internal air and the external air of the tank body are exchanged. The problems that in the prior art, good ventilation cannot be formed when the temperature difference is small in winter, an anaerobic environment is easily formed in a tank body, and the biochemical efficiency is reduced are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sewage treatment equipment, and in particular to a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device and a treatment method. Background Art

[0002] As living standards improve, people are paying more and more attention to environmental protection issues. In particular, the demand for rural domestic sewage treatment is related to the improvement of rural environmental quality and the improvement of living standards.

[0003] Rural domestic sewage is quite different from urban domestic sewage, with characteristics such as large water volume fluctuations, small discharge volume, scattered sites, unstable water quality, etc., and different sensitivities to receiving water bodies and the environment, resulting in large differences in effluent discharge standards. Due to the characteristics of rural domestic sewage, the treatment processes used in the market include artificial wetlands, activated sludge method, biofilm method and their derivative treatment processes, among which biofilm and its derivative treatment processes are the main ones. Among them, the application processes in the biofilm method include A2O, AO or modified AO processes, which require the establishment of independent aeration systems, stirring systems, sludge return or nitrification liquid return systems, and require many parameters to be manually controlled. However, remote rural areas lack a large number of sewage treatment technicians, resulting in sewage treatment technology or equipment being unable to operate according to design requirements, and the treatment efficiency is far lower than the design value. The environmental governance effect is not obvious, and some treatment equipment points have even formed centralized pollution sources.

[0004] According to the different characteristics of rural domestic sewage collection, discharge and water quality, it is usually impossible for a certain process or equipment to be used in all projects or sites. In order to ensure the treatment effect in remote rural areas with scattered houses, low water treatment volume, etc., processes or equipment with less electromechanical equipment, simple operation control parameters, flexible operation and wide application range will be the choice of biochemical sewage treatment in remote rural areas. Low-load biological tanks or high-efficiency biological tanks will be a rural sewage treatment equipment with strong adaptability.

[0005] For low-load biological tanks, also known as ordinary biological tanks, drip tanks or traditional biological tanks, they are early types of biological tanks, that is, the first generation of biological tanks. It has the advantages of good purification effect (BOD removal rate of 85% to 95%), low infrastructure investment and low operating costs. However, it has the disadvantages of large floor space and poor sanitary conditions. It is suitable for small-scale sewage treatment. According to the water quality conditions and effluent standards of sewage, pretreatment facilities such as sand settling tanks, high-efficiency sedimentation tanks or anaerobic hydrolysis tanks can be set in front of the tank. The low-load biological tank consists of four parts: tank body, filter material, water distribution mechanism and drainage system. The plane shape of the tank body is rectangular or circular. The filter material is generally gravel, pebbles, slag, etc.; the water distribution mechanism is divided into two types: fixed water distribution system and mobile water distributor; the drainage system at the bottom of the tank plays the role of drainage and ventilation of the treated sewage and tank. The tank adopts natural ventilation to supply oxygen. The height of the bottom space of the tank should not be less than 0.6m, and natural ventilation holes are set along the lower part of the tank wall. In the early days, low-load biological tanks were widely used when the self-purification capacity of drainage water bodies was strong and the application environment requirements were not high. However, with the restrictions on the application conditions of low-load biological tanks and the development and application of new treatment processes, the number of use scenarios is decreasing.

[0006] In particular, the ventilation technology uses holes around the bottom and an open top to form natural ventilation, which usually creates a natural ventilation effect through the temperature difference between the inside and outside. In winter, when the temperature difference is small, good ventilation cannot be formed, which can easily cause an anaerobic environment to form in the tank, leading to reduced biochemical efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, the prior art still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device and treatment method, which solves the problem in the prior art that good ventilation cannot be formed when the temperature difference is small in winter, which easily causes an anaerobic environment to form in the tank, resulting in reduced biochemical efficiency.

[0009] On the one hand, the present application provides a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device, comprising: a tank body, wherein a filtration area and a water storage area are arranged in the tank body, and the filtration area is located above the water storage area;

[0010] A filter material layer, wherein the filter material layer is arranged in the filter area;

[0011] A water distribution mechanism is arranged above the filter material layer, and the sewage is discharged toward the filter material layer through the water distribution mechanism. The discharged sewage is filtered through the filter material layer and enters the water storage area;

[0012] The natural ventilation mechanism comprises an exhaust hood which is connected to the tank body and utilizes natural wind to form an air extraction phenomenon so as to exchange air inside and outside the tank body.

[0013] Optionally, the natural ventilation mechanism further includes: an air inlet portion, the air inlet portion communicating with the outside and the inside of the tank body;

[0014] The air guide and exhaust duct is arranged in the up-down direction and extends from the inside of the tank body to the outside of the tank body, and the exhaust cap is connected to the upper end of the air guide and exhaust duct.

[0015] Optionally, the air inlet portion includes a first air inlet, and the first air inlet is opened above the filter material layer;

[0016] The air guide and exhaust pipe comprises a second air outlet, and the second air outlet is arranged below the filter material layer;

[0017] The exhaust hood is a non-powered exhaust hood.

[0018] Optionally, the filter material layer includes non-clogging filter materials, and a plurality of non-clogging filter materials form a porous space and are used to adsorb pollutants in the sewage;

[0019] A microbial growth layer is attached to the surface of the non-clogging filter material and is used to degrade organic pollutants in the sewage.

[0020] Optionally, the microbial growth layer on the surface of the non-clogging filter material forms an aerobic layer, and the microbial growth layer inside the non-clogging filter material forms an anaerobic layer through the action of air that naturally enters the sewage under the action of gravity.

[0021] Optionally, the thickness of the microbial growth layer on the non-clogging filter material gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0022] Optionally, the water storage area is connected to a reflux member, and the water outlet end of the reflux member is connected to a water distribution mechanism to reflux the treated filtered water to maintain the activity of the microbial growth layer.

[0023] Optionally, a pumping fluid component is provided outside the tank body, and the pumping fluid component is used to pump the sewage into the water distribution mechanism;

[0024] The pump liquid part acts as a return part, realizing sewage pumping and filtered water return treatment after treatment at the same time.

[0025] Optionally, the water distribution mechanism includes: a porous water dispersion plate, which is located above the filter material layer and is used to evenly scatter the sewage into fine dispersed raindrops.

[0026] On the other hand, the present application also proposes a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment method, which is applied to the micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device as described above, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

[0027] The mixed sewage formed by mixing the sewage in the regulating tank with the treated filtered water is transported to the water distribution mechanism, and the water droplets formed by the mixed sewage are dispersed by the water distribution mechanism and fall evenly;

[0028] The falling mixed sewage is filtered through the filter material layer to purify the mixed sewage. During the filtering process, the exhaust cap of the natural ventilation mechanism uses natural wind to form a wind extraction phenomenon to exchange the air inside and outside the tank for forced ventilation.

[0029] The filtered sewage flows into the water storage area by gravity. Under the sedimentation effect in the water storage area, the precipitated clean water is discharged through the overflow hole at the top of the water storage area, and the precipitated biofilm sludge is discharged regularly.

[0030] Beneficial effects: The micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device and treatment method in the present application are composed of an integrated tank body, a water distribution mechanism, a filter material layer and a natural ventilation mechanism. The sewage in the regulating tank is transported to the water distribution mechanism in the tank body. Through the uniform water distribution function of the water distribution mechanism, the fine water droplets formed are evenly distributed on the filter material layer in the filtration area. The pollutants are adsorbed and biotreated through the filtering effect of the filter material layer. The filtered sewage flows into the water storage area by gravity. Under the sedimentation effect of the water storage area, the precipitated clean water is discharged through the overflow hole at the top of the water storage area, and the precipitated biofilm sludge is discharged regularly. In addition, during the filtration process, the exhaust cap of the natural ventilation mechanism uses natural wind to form a wind-drawing phenomenon to exchange the air inside and outside the tank for forced ventilation, forming a good ventilation and oxygen supply effect, increasing the dissolved oxygen in the sewage in the filter layer, strengthening the removal effect of organic matter, and greatly reducing the occurrence of odor. It can not only form a stable temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank, which is conducive to the temperature difference to increase the natural ventilation volume and improve the sewage oxygen supply effect; and it is driven by external wind to drive the impeller of the exhaust cap to rotate, forming a wind-drawing effect, and forced exhaust. Especially in winter when the temperature difference between the inside and outside is lower than 2°C, the temperature difference airflow effect cannot be achieved, resulting in poor air exchange effect inside and outside the tank. In this case, the device can still use natural wind to drive the exhaust cap to rotate to form a ventilation effect. It effectively avoids the breeding of mosquitoes and flies and the occurrence of odor and odor, and can greatly improve the environment around the treatment device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the main parts of a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 A top view of a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the water flow direction of a water distribution mechanism of a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the filtering principle of a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtering treatment device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the wind direction flow principle of a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device in an air downstream mode according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the wind direction flow principle of a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device in an air countercurrent mode according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] In the figure: 100, tank body; 110, filter area; 120, water storage area; 121, overflow hole; 130, reflux component; 140, regulating tank; 150, pump liquid component; 200, filter material layer; 210, non-clogging filter material; 300, water distribution mechanism; 310, porous water dispersion plate; 400, natural ventilation mechanism; 410, exhaust hood; 420, air inlet; 421, air inlet pipe; 422, second air inlet; 423, first multi-way valve; 424, first air inlet; 430, air guide exhaust pipe; 431, second air outlet; 432, second multi-way valve; 433, first air outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer and more specific, the present application is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described here are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0039] The sewage treatment scheme of low-load biological tanks commonly used in the prior art not only has the problem of being unable to form good ventilation when the temperature difference is small in winter, resulting in reduced biochemical efficiency. In addition, the filter material is made of gravel, slag, honeycomb and other materials, which have a high density, a small specific surface area, and are easy to clog; the construction and operation and maintenance are relatively complicated, especially when the filler is replaced, it is difficult to replace, and it is inconvenient for subsequent maintenance. In addition, the openings for ventilation are located around the bottom of the pool body, and they cannot be buried underground when natural ventilation is formed with the open area on the top, and they are easy to breed mosquitoes and produce odors. When the water volume fluctuates, the water quality of the effluent is unstable. When the equipment stops taking in water for a long time, the activity of the microorganisms will be greatly reduced, and there may even be a phenomenon of microbial death. The microorganisms on the filler are naturally grown and domesticated, and the debugging cycle is relatively long, especially in winter. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present application proposes the following embodiments:

[0040] Embodiment 1:

[0041] It is aimed at the characteristics of low-load biological tanks that are easy to clog, poor sanitary conditions during operation, insufficient utilization of the tank body and fillers, and unstable effluent water quality. Figure 1 , Figure 4As shown, this embodiment proposes a micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device, which is intended to treat rural decentralized domestic sewage, especially to achieve 3-30m 3 / d treatment scale, it has the advantages of small footprint, low clogging of filler, high purification efficiency of microorganisms on filler membrane, stable effluent quality, stable microbial activity (not affected by short-term cessation of water inlet), simple operation and maintenance, and short commissioning cycle.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device in this embodiment mainly includes: a tank body 100, a filter material layer 200, a water distribution mechanism 300 and a natural ventilation mechanism 400. The tank body 100 can be made of PPH and PE materials, and the structural material is light, high in strength, strong in corrosion resistance, and has a long service life, which can achieve a service life of 30 to 50 years. The tank body 100 is produced in a skid-mounted manner to form an integrated tank body 100 structure, and at the same time, the scale, standardization, and robot automatic welding production of the integrated tank body 100 can be realized, which greatly shortens the project delivery cycle and reduces production costs, which is conducive to transportation and installation, and reduces the construction cycle. In addition, a filtration area 110 and a water storage area 120 are arranged in the tank body 100. The filtration area 110 is located above the water storage area 120. The upper and lower structures can be used to filter and precipitate the sewage by gravity, save energy, and reduce the floor space. In particular, the tank body 100 can be buried underground to reduce space occupancy and optimize the rural environment. The integrated relatively closed tank body 100, on the one hand, can form a stable temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank body 100, forming a stable ventilation condition, thereby increasing the natural ventilation volume and improving the oxygen supply effect of sewage; on the other hand, it effectively avoids the breeding of mosquitoes and flies and the occurrence of foul odors in summer, which can greatly improve the environment around the treatment device.

[0043] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the filter material layer 200 is arranged in the filter area 110, and the water distribution mechanism 300 is arranged above the filter material layer 200. The sewage is discharged toward the filter material layer 200 through the water distribution mechanism 300, and the discharged sewage is filtered through the filter material layer 200 and enters the water storage area 120. By lifting the sewage to the water distribution mechanism 300 at the upper part of the tank body 100, the sewage is evenly broken up into fine water droplets distributed on the upper end of the entire filter material layer 200 in a porous dispersion manner. And by utilizing the dripping effect of the water droplets, the oxygen in the air is dissolved in the sewage to form dissolved oxygen. The sewage filtered by the filter layer flows into the water storage area 120 below by gravity, and is precipitated under the sedimentation effect of the water storage area 120.

[0044] like Figure 1 , Figure 4As shown, the natural ventilation mechanism 400 includes an exhaust hood 410, and the exhaust hood 410 is connected to the inside and outside of the tank body 100. The exhaust hood 410 is a high-efficiency non-powered exhaust hood 410, and the exhaust hood 410 can rotate to form a ventilation effect under the push of natural wind (even if the static wind is 0.2m / s). The exhaust hood 410 uses natural wind to form a wind extraction phenomenon to exchange the air inside and outside the tank body 100. The exhaust effect of the exhaust hood 410 forces the gas inside the tank body 100 to be extracted, so that fresh air from the outside can be replenished into the tank body 100, forming a good ventilation and oxygen supply effect, increasing the dissolved oxygen in the sewage on the filter material layer 200, strengthening the removal effect of organic matter, and greatly reducing the occurrence of odor.

[0045] The tank 100 is composed of an integrated tank body 100, a water distribution mechanism 300, a filter material layer 200 and a natural ventilation mechanism 400. The sewage in the regulating tank 140 is transported to the water distribution mechanism 300 in the tank body 100. Through the uniform water distribution function of the water distribution mechanism 300, the fine water droplets formed are evenly distributed on the filter material layer 200 in the filter area 110. The pollutants are adsorbed and biotreated through the filtering effect of the filter material layer 200. The filtered sewage flows into the water storage area 120 by gravity. Under the sedimentation effect of the water storage area 120, the precipitated clean water is discharged through the overflow hole 121 at the top of the water storage area 120, and the precipitated biofilm sludge is discharged regularly. In addition, during the filtering process, the exhaust cap 410 of the natural ventilation mechanism 400 uses natural wind to form a wind extraction phenomenon so that the air inside and outside the tank body 100 are exchanged for forced ventilation, forming a good ventilation and oxygen supply effect, increasing the dissolved oxygen in the sewage in the filter material layer 200, strengthening the removal effect of organic matter, and greatly reducing the occurrence of odor. Not only can a stable temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank body 100 be formed, which is conducive to the temperature difference to increase the natural ventilation volume and improve the sewage oxygen supply effect; and the impeller of the exhaust cap 410 is driven by external wind to rotate, forming a wind extraction effect, and forced exhaust. Especially in winter when the temperature difference between the inside and outside is lower than 2°C, the temperature difference airflow effect cannot be achieved, resulting in a poor air exchange effect inside and outside the tank body 100. In this case, the device can still use natural wind to drive the exhaust cap 410 to rotate to form a draft effect. It effectively avoids the breeding of mosquitoes and flies and the occurrence of odor and odor, and can greatly improve the environment around the treatment device.

[0046] like Figure 1 , Figure 3As shown, further, the water distribution mechanism 300 is located above the filter material layer 200, and the sewage in the sewage pool below is pumped into the water distribution mechanism 300. The water distribution mechanism 300 specifically includes a porous water dispersion plate 310, which is located above the filter material layer 200 and is used to evenly scatter the sewage into fine dispersed raindrops. The surface shape of the porous water dispersion plate 310 matches the filter material layer 200 below. For example, in a circular tank body 100, a square filter material layer 200 is set, so the porous water dispersion plate 310 is located directly above the filter material layer 200 and can also be square. The middle of the porous water dispersion plate 310 is high and the outer side is low, which is conducive to the flow and dispersion of sewage. The porous water dispersion plate 310 can also be circular.

[0047] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, further, the filter material layer 200 in this embodiment includes a non-clogging filter material 210, and a plurality of non-clogging filter materials 210 form a porous space and are used to adsorb pollutants in sewage. The non-clogging filter material 210 can be a spherical built-in biological enhanced sponge filter material or a PP plastic corrugated plate filler. The non-clogging filter material 210 has the characteristics of large specific surface area, easy film formation, easy oxygen enrichment, and not easy to clog, and the spherical built-in biological enhanced sponge filter material or the PP plastic corrugated plate filler is easy to accumulate in the grid net, so it is easy to replace and maintain. Compared with common fillers such as pebbles, ceramsite, volcanic rocks, and quartz sand, it has the advantages of light weight and simple operation and maintenance. A microbial growth layer is attached to the surface of the non-clogging filter material 210, and is used to degrade organic pollutants in sewage. With this form of filter material layer 200, the numerous tiny porous spaces on and between the non-clogging filter material 210 have a filtering effect on the one hand, adsorbing pollutants, and on the other hand, as a carrier for microbial attachment and growth, a microbial growth layer is formed on its surface. Biological filtration is achieved through the microbial growth layer on the non-clogging filter material 210 to degrade organic pollutants in the sewage.

[0048] Furthermore, through the action of air naturally entering the sewage under the action of gravity, the microbial growth layer on the surface of the non-clogging filter material 210 forms an aerobic state layer, and the microbial growth layer inside the non-clogging filter material 210 forms an anaerobic state layer. In the specific process, the sewage flows down the filter material layer 200 under the action of gravity, and under the exhaust action of the natural ventilation mechanism 400, a negative pressure is formed in the tank body 100, so that air naturally enters the filter area 110, and an aerobic or micro-aerobic state (dissolved oxygen is 0.5-1.5 mg / L) is gradually formed on the surface of the non-clogging filter material 210, and an anaerobic state is formed in the inner layer of the non-clogging filter material 210. A large number of microbial growth layers (microorganisms) with rich species are formed at different positions of the non-clogging filter material 210. When the sewage flows through the non-clogging filter material 210, the organic pollutants in the sewage are efficiently degraded by the microorganisms to achieve the purpose of sewage purification.

[0049] Furthermore, the thickness of the microbial growth layer on the non-clogging filter material 210 gradually becomes thinner from top to bottom. During the filtering operation of the device, with the difference in dissolved oxygen and water quality in the filter material layer 200 at different heights, the sewage pollutant concentration treated in the upper part of the filter material layer 200 is relatively high, so a high-load area is formed in the upper part. The sewage pollutant concentration treated in the lower part of the filter material layer 200 is relatively low, so a low-load area is formed in the lower part. When the air flow direction is the same as the water flow path (flowing from top to bottom), the upper part of the filter material layer 200 needs a lot of oxygen and is in a high-load and high-oxygen state; the lower part has a relatively small oxygen demand and is in a low-load and low-oxygen state. Therefore, the thickness of the microbial growth layer on the non-clogging filter material 210 is gradually thinned from top to bottom, the thickness of the microbial growth layer in the upper part is thicker, the number of microorganisms is larger, the pollutant concentration in the sewage to be treated is high, and the dissolved oxygen in the sewage is high. The dissolved oxygen in the sewage can be fully utilized to improve the degradation efficiency. The thinner microbial growth layer at the bottom can fully utilize the dissolved oxygen in the sewage with less dissolved oxygen, thereby improving the degradation efficiency of the entire filter area. Therefore, the microbial growth layer on the non-clogging filter material 210 can be fully utilized, which is beneficial to the removal and degradation of pollutants in the sewage.

[0050] After physical filtration and biological filtration in the filter layer 200, the sewage naturally drips into the water storage area 120 for temporary storage. Under the sedimentation effect of the water storage area 120, the precipitated clean water is discharged through the overflow hole 121 at the top of the water storage area 120, and the precipitated biofilm sludge is discharged regularly.

[0051] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, further, the natural ventilation mechanism 400 also includes: an air inlet 420 and an air guide exhaust pipe 430. The air inlet 420 communicates the outside and the inside of the tank body 100, and the air inlet 420 can be an air inlet or an air inlet pipe 421. The air inlet 420 is used for fresh air outside the tank body 100 to enter the inside of the tank body 100. The air guide exhaust pipe 430 is arranged in the up-down direction and extends from the inside of the tank body 100 to the outside of the tank body 100, and the exhaust cap 410 is connected to the upper end of the air guide exhaust pipe 430. Under the action of the exhaust cap 410, the CO2, CH4 and other gases released by the biochemical reaction of the filter layer can be quickly discharged from the tank body 100, thereby generating negative pressure in the tank body 100, which accelerates the fresh air outside the tank body 100 to enter the tank body 100 through the air inlet 420, forming a good ventilation and oxygen supply effect, improving the dissolved oxygen rate in the sewage, strengthening the removal effect of organic matter, ensuring that the surface of the filter layer 200 has sufficient oxygen, and greatly reducing the generation of odor. The air intake and exhaust system uses corrosion-resistant PE pipes inside the tank body 100, which has corrosion-resistant function. The air intake and exhaust system is set inside to solve the disadvantage that the existing biological filter can only be placed on the ground and cannot be buried underground.

[0052] A relatively long air guide and exhaust duct 430 is arranged in the tank body 100 and extended to 2 to 3 m above the top of the tank body 100, and a high-efficiency non-powered exhaust cap 410 is installed on the top of the air guide and exhaust duct 430 so that the high-efficiency non-powered exhaust cap 410 is more than 5 m above the ground. The natural wind in the horizontal direction at the exhaust cap 410 (even if the wind is still at 0.2 m / s) is used to push the exhaust cap 410 with almost no resistance to rotate at high speed. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation accelerates the air in the tank body 100 to be drawn out, thereby accelerating the air exchange in the tank body 100 and making full use of the oxygen in the air. This ensures that the mixed liquid on the surface of the filler fully absorbs the dissolved oxygen in the air, thereby improving the biochemical treatment effect on the filler. The unpowered exhaust hood 410 is driven by a composite power, in which the thrust is generated by the external natural wind, and the air pressure formed by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank body 100 generates power, which together pushes the hood to rotate and forms a high-speed airflow. The air pressure generated by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank body 100 only needs to exceed 0.5°C to push the exhaust hood 410 to rotate at a high speed. The high-speed rotation of the exhaust hood 410 reduces the surrounding air pressure, thereby forming a pressure difference between the upper part of the air guide exhaust pipe 430 and the inside of the tank body 100, and the tank body 100 has a negative pressure effect, forming a chimney-like wind extraction effect, which accelerates the exchange of air inside and outside the tank body 100. The natural ventilation mechanism 400 is a composite power superposition effect of breeze and temperature difference, which makes the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank body 100 (even if the temperature difference is less than 0.5°C, a ventilation effect can be formed) and the air pressure generated by the rotation of the wind cap more obvious, producing an enhanced chimney effect. The strong negative pressure effect accelerates the extraction of air in the tank body 100, strengthens the rapid entry of air on the surface of the tank body 100 to achieve a better mixing effect with sewage, and enhances the oxygenation efficiency, forming a good continuous oxygen supply effect. An aerobic environment for the survival of microorganisms is guaranteed, and the removal effect of organic matter is enhanced. The air guide and exhaust duct 430 and the upper wind cap can be flexibly designed with different pipe diameters according to the size of the treatment scale and the filter tank body 100, which is conducive to forming a good wind speed and ventilation volume.

[0053] At the same time, according to the different positions of the tank body 100, the height of the air guide exhaust duct 430 in this embodiment is adjustable, for example, the top height of the air guide exhaust duct 430 is 5m to 10m from the ground. When the height of the air guide exhaust duct 430 is low, and the wind force at a lower position from the ground is insufficient, the height of the air guide exhaust duct 430 is adjusted to make the exhaust cap 410 rise to a certain height. Since there is greater wind force at a higher altitude, the exhaust cap 410 can be driven to rotate continuously, ensuring the continuous rotation and exhaust of the unpowered hood. In order to facilitate the height adjustment of the air guide exhaust duct 430, the air guide exhaust duct 430 is designed as a multi-section telescopic tube structure, so that the air guide exhaust duct 430 can be telescopically adjusted like a telescopic umbrella.

[0054] like Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, further, the air inlet 420 and the air guide and exhaust pipe 430 are uniquely designed, so that the air flow direction can be consistent with the sewage flow direction to form an air downstream mode; the air flow direction can also be opposite to the sewage flow direction to form an air upstream mode. In the specific structure, the air inlet 420 includes an air inlet pipe 421, which extends to the bottom of the filter material layer 200, and the lower end of the air inlet pipe 421 forms a second air inlet 422. A first multi-way valve 423 is provided on the air inlet pipe 421, wherein the first multi-way valve 423 is located above the filter material layer 200, and a first air inlet 424 is provided on the first multi-way valve 423. By adjusting the first multi-way valve 423, the first air inlet 424 can be connected to the external air or the second air inlet 422 can be connected to the external air. The air guide and exhaust duct 430 extends downward to the bottom of the filter material layer 200, and a second air outlet 431 is formed at the lower end of the air guide and exhaust duct 430. A second multi-way valve 432 is arranged on the air guide and exhaust duct 430, wherein the second multi-way valve 432 is located above the filter material layer 200, and a first air outlet 433 is arranged on the second multi-way valve 432. By adjusting the second multi-way valve 432, the first air outlet 433 can be connected to the external air or the second air outlet 431 can be connected to the external air.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, in the air downstream mode, the first multi-way valve 423 opens the first air inlet 424, and the second multi-way valve 432 opens the second air outlet 431. As the water drops fall, oxygen is dissolved, and negative pressure is formed in the upper space of the filter layer 200, sucking in air outside the tank. In addition, the rotation of the exhaust cap 410 on the top forms a negative pressure inside the tank, and further sucks in air outside the tank through the first air inlet 424. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank also forms an air circulation, so that the internal cold air sucks in the external air during the downward flow. Figure 6 As shown, in the air countercurrent mode, the first multi-way valve 423 allows the second air inlet 422 to be turned on, and the second multi-way valve 432 allows the first air outlet 433 to be turned on. The water droplets fall and dissolve oxygen, and the upper space of the filter material layer 200 forms a negative pressure, sucking in the air outside the tank. In addition, the rotation of the exhaust cap 410 on the top forms a negative pressure inside the tank, and further sucks in the air outside the tank through the first air inlet 424. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank also forms an air flow cycle, so that the internal hot air sucks in the external air during the upward flow. Using different modes can adapt to different ambient temperatures and is more practical.

[0056] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the air inlet 420 is arranged at the top of the tank body 100. The air inlet 420 is opened at the top of the tank body 100. While performing the rapid air intake function, the tank body 100 can be installed in an underground manner, with only the tank top exposed, and the tank top can be in the form of a cover, with only the air inlet exposed. The air flow mode can be adopted, that is, the first air inlet 424 of the air inlet 420 is opened, so that the first air inlet 424 is located above the filter material layer 200 for air intake. The air guide and exhaust pipe 430 is connected to the second air outlet 431 below, so that the second air outlet 431 is located below the filter material layer 200 for air outlet. In addition, the air guide and exhaust duct 430 is extended downward by a longer length so that the lower end of the air guide and exhaust duct 430 is located below the filter material layer 200, thereby enabling air to be taken in through the upper air inlet and air to be exhausted through the lower end opening of the air guide and exhaust duct, which not only improves the ventilation efficiency, but also makes the air flow direction consistent with the sewage flow direction, thereby improving the dissolved oxygen efficiency of the sewage.

[0057] In addition, a square filter material layer 200 is arranged in the circular tank body 100, so that a gap is formed between the outer edge of the square filter layer and the inner wall edge of the circular filter layer, thereby facilitating gas circulation in the upper and lower filter areas 110 and the water storage area 120 in the tank body 100, facilitating air extraction by the air guide exhaust pipe, and improving the ventilation efficiency inside and outside the tank body 100.

[0058] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, further, the water storage area 120 is connected to a reflux member 130, and the water outlet end of the reflux member 130 is connected to the water distribution mechanism 300, so as to reflux the treated filtered water to maintain the activity of the microbial growth layer. The reflux member 130 uses a pumping method to deliver water, and pumps the treated sewage back into the water distribution mechanism 300 to form an internal circulation function. In this way, when rural domestic sewage is in a long-term waterless state, water can still be supplied to the filter layer 200, thereby preventing the microorganisms in the filter layer 200 from drying and dying. In addition, the internal circulation function is realized by the reflux member 130, which can solve the problem of reprocessing the treated sewage when there is no domestic sewage in the regulating tank 140 for a long time, which is equivalent to extending the contact time between the sewage and the filter material and microorganisms, accelerating the shedding of the biofilm on the filter material, the renewal of the biofilm, ensuring the activity of the microorganisms, and increasing the filter material processing load.

[0059] The reflux member 130 can be used together with the sewage conveying structure in the regulating tank 140, or it can be used alone. When the reflux member 130 is used alone, the amount of sewage in the regulating tank 140 can be detected, for example, by using an ultrasonic liquid level detector. When it is detected that the liquid level drops to a preset lower limit, the reflux member 130 is turned on to perform the internal circulation function, thereby preventing the microorganisms in the filter material layer 200 from drying and dying. When it is detected that the liquid level drops to a preset upper limit, the reflux member 130 is turned off, the internal circulation function is turned off, the sewage conveying amount in the regulating tank 140 is increased, and the amount of sewage in the regulating tank 140 is prevented from being too large. When it is between the preset lower limit and the preset upper limit, the reflux member 130 can be selectively turned on or off.

[0060] When the return element 130 is used together with the sewage conveying structure in the regulating tank 140, the treated sewage is conveyed through the return element 130 and the sewage is conveyed through the sewage conveying structure in the regulating tank 140. At the same time, the treated sewage and the sewage in the regulating tank 140 are mixed to form mixed sewage, so that the treated low-concentration water dilutes the original high-concentration sewage, which is beneficial to reduce the organic load of the filter material, improve the processing capacity, and ensure the reliability of meeting the discharge standards. In this way, the problem of unstable water quality of rural sewage discharge is avoided.

[0061] Furthermore, a pumping member 150 is provided outside the tank body 100, and the pumping member 150 is used to pump the sewage in the regulating tank 140 into the water distribution mechanism 300. The pumping member 150 and the reflux member 130 can use the same pump or different pumps. When a micro pump is used, both the internal circulation function and the sewage pumping function in the regulating tank 140 can be realized, thereby improving the sewage treatment efficiency.

[0062] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, when the pumping liquid part 150 and the return part 130 use the same pump, the pumping liquid part 150, as the return part 130, realizes sewage pumping and the reflux circulation of the treated filtered water through a micro pump at the same time, and has the functions of water intake and internal circulation, making the system structure simpler. The sewage of the regulating tank 140 is pumped in and the treated filtered water is pumped in at the same time. Once the rural domestic sewage is in a state of long-term waterlessness, the process of pumping the treated filtered water will not be interrupted, which not only solves the adverse consequences of the drying and death of microorganisms in the filter tank under the condition of long-term waterlessness of rural domestic sewage, but also plays the role of diluting the original high-concentration sewage with the low-concentration water after treatment, which is beneficial to reduce the organic load of the filter material and improve the treatment capacity. The reliability of standard discharge is guaranteed.

[0063] The sewage degraded by microorganisms in the filter layer 200 flows into the water storage area 120 at the bottom of the integrated tank 100 by gravity. The sewage in the water storage area 120 is returned to the water distribution structure in the filter area for circulation treatment through a micro-power lifting pump, thereby improving the purification efficiency of the filter area, prolonging the microbial treatment time on the filler, and ensuring that the effluent meets the design requirements, especially when the coefficient of variation of the drainage water quality is large, when sewage is lifted into the integrated tank 100 from the regulating tank 140, the treated sewage (standard water) is discharged through the overflow hole 121 at the top of the water storage area 120. At the same time, the water storage area 120 has a sedimentation function, which separates the biofilm that falls off from the filter material from time to time from the sewage, and regularly discharges the biofilm sludge at the bottom of the water storage area 120 to ensure that the suspended particles in the effluent meet the design requirements.

[0064] The following is a detailed introduction to the actual application of the micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device: In a domestic sewage treatment project, the treatment object is typical domestic sewage mixed with black and ash. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device is used to treat 5m 3 / d, the treatment process is: sewage collection network → grid regulating tank 140 → micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device → external discharge.

[0065] The treatment object is domestic sewage discharged from a farmer's home. The influent indicators are as follows: COD: 350mg / L, BOD5: 180mg / L, NH3-N: 35mg / L, SS: 200mg / L. The designed treatment scale is 5.0m 3 / d, actual sewage collection volume 4.0-5.0m 3 / d, this project uses 5.0m 3 / d specification micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device, the equipment appearance size is: φ2300×4450mm. Domestic sewage flows into the regulating tank 140 from the collection pipe network, and the sewage is lifted to the top of the tank body 100 by the micro pump, and evenly distributed to the surface of the filter layer 200 through the water distribution device. The sewage forms fine and dispersed raindrops and is evenly scattered, achieving the purpose of uniform water distribution. In the process of falling, the sewage uses the effect of falling water to dissolve the oxygen in the air into the water to form dissolved oxygen. The dripping sewage droplets are evenly scattered on the surface of the filter layer 200. The height of the filter layer 200 is 1400mm. The non-clogging filter material 210 in the filter layer 200 of this project adopts spherical fillers filled with biological enhanced sponge filter material. Other projects can use PP plastic corrugated plate filter material. The selected non-clogging filter material 210 has the characteristics of large area, strong adsorption, long service life, and not easy to clog. The carbon source microorganisms and nitrifying microorganisms living in the filter layer 200 degrade and remove the carbon source and nitrogen source pollutants in the sewage. After passing through the filter material, the sewage drips into the water storage area 120 at the bottom of the tank body 100. The trace suspended matter that drips with the water is deposited to the bottom of the pool, and the treated sewage supernatant is discharged through the overflow pipe.

[0066] In order to improve the utilization efficiency of filter media, enhance the treatment effect, and ensure that the microorganisms on the filter media layer 200 are protected from death due to lack of water when there is no water inflow, the facultative action of the micropump (micropump) is utilized to return the treated and qualified water in the water storage area 120 to the water distribution mechanism 300 for internal circulation treatment, so as to dilute the influent concentration, maintain the activity of microorganisms, and extend the treatment time, so as to achieve the goal of efficient treatment.

[0067] After nearly half a year of use of this device, the effluent indicators of the equipment are as follows: COD≤60mg / L, NH3-N≤15mg / L, SS≤20mg / L.

[0068] Embodiment 2:

[0069] This embodiment provides a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment method, which is applied to the micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device as described above, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

[0070] Step S100: The mixed sewage formed by mixing the sewage in the regulating tank with the treated filtered water is transported to a water distribution mechanism, and the water droplets formed by dispersing the mixed sewage are uniformly dropped by the water distribution mechanism.

[0071] Step S200, the falling mixed sewage is filtered through the filter material layer to purify the mixed sewage. During the filtering process, the exhaust cap of the natural ventilation mechanism uses natural wind to form a wind extraction phenomenon to exchange the air inside and outside the tank for forced ventilation.

[0072] Step S300, the filtered sewage flows into the water storage area by gravity, and under the sedimentation effect in the water storage area, the precipitated clean water is discharged through the overflow hole at the top of the water storage area, and the precipitated biofilm sludge is discharged regularly.

[0073] This sewage treatment method innovatively adopts micro-power water inlet and circulating water return, and the circulation ratio can reach 100% to 300%. By circulating the filtered water, the problem of large fluctuations in rural sewage quality and water volume is solved. For the phenomenon of no sewage discharge for a long time, it is necessary to establish a regulating pool (water storage tank) with large regulating capacity at the front end of the treatment facility. In the process of internal circulation treatment, under the condition of ensuring the effluent, the investment cost of the regulating pool can be greatly reduced. The main principle is that the effluent from the filter area and the sewage from the regulating pool enter the water distribution area of ​​the tank body together, which plays a role in diluting the concentration of the inlet water quality, reducing the total load of the inlet water, and enhancing the removal efficiency of the high-efficiency biological tank. It is more conducive to ensuring the stability of the effluent reaching the standard. Through the internal circulation function, when there is no domestic sewage in the regulating pool for a long time, the treated sewage can be re-processed, which is equivalent to prolonging the contact time between sewage and filter material and microorganisms, accelerating the shedding of the biofilm on the filter material, the renewal of the biofilm, ensuring the activity of microorganisms, and increasing the filter material treatment load. At the same time, internal circulation treatment can avoid the problem of microorganisms on the filter material drying up and dying when the biological tank has no water for a long time (2 to 3 hours), and the need to re-cultivate and domesticate the microorganisms when water is added again, thereby improving the stability of the efficient and continuous operation of the biological tank.

[0074] In summary, the present application proposes a micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device and treatment method. The natural wind driving function and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank are utilized to increase the air exchange volume in the tank and improve the oxygen utilization rate in sewage treatment. A micro pump is used to simultaneously realize the water inlet lifting and the circulating treatment of the tank sewage, thereby improving the sewage treatment efficiency. In addition, water can still be supplied to the filter material layer when rural domestic sewage is in a long-term waterless state, thereby preventing the microorganisms in the filter material layer from drying up and dying. A spherical built-in non-clogging, large specific surface area, and long-life biological sponge composite filler or PP plastic corrugated plate filter material is selected to improve the filtration efficiency.

[0075] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device, characterized in that: include: A tank body, wherein a filtering area and a water storage area are arranged in the tank body, and the filtering area is located above the water storage area; A filter material layer, wherein the filter material layer is arranged in the filter area; A water distribution mechanism, the water distribution mechanism is arranged above the filter material layer, and sewage is discharged toward the filter material layer through the water distribution mechanism, and the discharged sewage is filtered through the filter material layer and enters the water storage area; The natural ventilation mechanism comprises an exhaust hood which is connected to the tank body and utilizes natural wind to form an air extraction phenomenon so as to exchange air inside and outside the tank body.

2. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The natural ventilation mechanism further includes: an air inlet portion, the air inlet portion communicating with the outside and the inside of the tank; The air guide and exhaust duct is arranged in the up-down direction and extends from the inside of the tank body to the outside of the tank body, and the exhaust cap is connected to the upper end of the air guide and exhaust duct.

3. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The air inlet portion comprises a first air inlet, and the first air inlet is opened above the filter material layer; The air guide and exhaust pipe comprises a second air outlet, and the second air outlet is arranged below the filter material layer; The exhaust hood is a non-powered exhaust hood.

4. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filter material layer includes non-clogging filter materials, and a plurality of the non-clogging filter materials form a porous space and are used to adsorb pollutants in the sewage; A microbial growth layer is attached to the surface of the non-clogging filter material and is used to degrade organic pollutants in sewage.

5. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The microbial growth layer on the surface of the non-clogging filter material forms an aerobic state layer, and the microbial growth layer inside the non-clogging filter material forms an anaerobic state layer due to the action of air that naturally enters the sewage under the action of gravity.

6. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The thickness of the microbial growth layer on the non-clogging filter material gradually decreases from top to bottom.

7. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The water storage area is connected to a reflux component, and the water outlet end of the reflux component is connected to the water distribution mechanism to reflux the treated filtered water to maintain the activity of the microbial growth layer.

8. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A pumping fluid component is disposed outside the tank body, and the pumping fluid component is used to pump sewage into the water distribution mechanism; The pump liquid component serves as the reflux component, and simultaneously realizes sewage pumping and reflux treatment of the treated filtered water.

9. The micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water distribution mechanism comprises: a porous water dispersion plate, which is located above the filter material layer and is used to uniformly scatter the sewage into fine dispersed raindrops.

10. A micro-power natural ventilation biological filtration treatment method, characterized in that: Applicable to the micro-powered natural ventilation biological filtration treatment device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the steps of: The mixed sewage formed by mixing the sewage in the regulating tank with the treated filtered water is transported to the water distribution mechanism, and the water droplets formed by the mixed sewage are dispersed by the water distribution mechanism and fall evenly; The falling mixed sewage is filtered through the filter material layer to purify the mixed sewage. During the filtering process, the exhaust cap of the natural ventilation mechanism uses natural wind to form a wind extraction phenomenon to exchange the air inside and outside the tank for forced ventilation. The filtered sewage flows into the water storage area by gravity. Under the sedimentation effect in the water storage area, the precipitated clean water is discharged through the overflow hole at the upper part of the water storage area, and the precipitated biofilm sludge is discharged regularly.

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