Air quality control device in cable working well

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electric power, in particular to an air quality control device in a cable working well, which comprises sensors arranged at underground monitoring points, and the sensors are used for monitoring harmful gas concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature, air pressure and humidity parameters at the current monitoring points; the underground monitoring points comprise working face monitoring points, return airway monitoring points and intersection monitoring points, and ventilation openings of the ventilation system are arranged between the adjacent monitoring points; the ventilation opening of each monitoring point is provided with an air draft pipeline and an air supply pipeline, and the pipe orifice orientation of each air supply pipeline is adjustable; and judging the current underground total safety degree P according to the change value of the monitoring data of each monitoring point in the unit time t. According to the invention, the position of an abnormal area under the well can be rapidly judged, the concentration of harmful gas under the well can be always maintained in a constant state, and the safety of underground workers is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of electric power, in particular to an air quality control device in a cable well. Background Art

[0002] With the development of urban underground pipeline facilities, the complexity of the environment in the cable channel has increased, and the difficulty of cable construction safety management has also increased. The cable well is the most common construction environment in cable construction. With the increase of cable laying area, the area of ​​the cable well also increases. The underground pipe corridors of the cable well are complex and the cable well is closed and humid, which poses a huge threat to the personal safety of operators and construction quality control.

[0003] In order to monitor the environment inside the cable working shaft, the existing monitoring system, as described in "CN111338271A", arranges multiple sensor units underground, uploads monitoring data through the wireless global area network and analyzes it in real time to detect abnormal conditions underground. Although the monitoring system can detect whether an abnormality occurs underground, it cannot determine the specific location of the abnormal point. When abnormal conditions such as harmful gas leakage occur, it cannot alleviate and control the abnormal conditions. The workers underground will continue to be threatened with safety, so it needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to avoid and overcome the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an air quality control device in a cable well. The present invention can quickly determine the location of the abnormal area in the well and ensure that the concentration of harmful gases in the well can always be maintained at a constant state, thereby ensuring the safety of the workers in the well.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] An air quality control device in a cable well, comprising a sensor arranged at a monitoring point underground, the sensor being used to monitor the concentration of harmful gases, oxygen concentration, temperature, air pressure, and humidity parameters at the current monitoring point;

[0007] The underground monitoring points include working face monitoring points, return air lane monitoring points and intersection monitoring points. The ventilation openings of the ventilation system are arranged between adjacent monitoring points. The ventilation openings of each monitoring point are equipped with exhaust pipes and air supply pipes, and the pipe opening direction of each air supply pipe is adjustable.

[0008] The total safety degree P of the current well is determined based on the change value of the monitoring data of each monitoring point within the unit time t:

[0009]

[0010] Among them, τ represents the environmental impact correction coefficient;

[0011] C1 represents the safety index of the monitoring point of the working face;

[0012] C2 represents the safety index of the monitoring point in the return air channel;

[0013] C3 represents the safety index of the intersection monitoring point;

[0014] R1 represents the safety weight index of the working face monitoring point;

[0015] R2 represents the safety weight index of the return air channel monitoring point;

[0016] R3 represents the safety weight index of the intersection monitoring point;

[0017] R1+R2+R3=1, and R1>R2>R3.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, H0 represents the standard humidity underground;

[0021] H1 represents the current average humidity in the well;

[0022] δ represents the diffusion degree of harmful gases under standard humidity underground;

[0023] T0 represents the standard underground temperature;

[0024] T1 represents the current average temperature downhole.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028] Where K{} represents a linear normalization function;

[0029] ΔP1 represents the difference in safety index between the working face monitoring point with the highest safety index and the working face monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all working face monitoring points;

[0030] S represents the total number of monitoring points on the working face;

[0031] P W Represents the safety index of the Wth working face monitoring point;

[0032] ΔP2 represents the difference in safety index between the return air lane monitoring point with the highest safety index and the return air lane monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all return air lane monitoring points;

[0033] M represents the total number of monitoring points in the return air channel;

[0034] P U Represents the safety index of the Uth return air channel monitoring point;

[0035] ΔP3 represents the difference in safety index between the intersection monitoring point with the highest safety index and the intersection monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all intersection monitoring points;

[0036] L represents the total number of monitoring points at the intersection;

[0037] P E Represents the safety index of the Eth intersection monitoring point.

[0038] As a further solution of the present invention:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Among them, e represents a natural constant;

[0042] ΔM w1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0043] ΔM wz1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration of each working face monitoring point adjacent to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0044] N1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each working face monitoring point within time t;

[0045] ΔM w2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0046] ΔM wz2 It represents the average fluctuation value of oxygen concentration of each working face monitoring point adjacent to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0047] N2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each monitoring point of the working surface within time t;

[0048] ΔM w3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the Wth working surface monitoring point within time t;

[0049] ΔM wz3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure at each adjacent working face monitoring point to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0050] N3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point of the working face within time t;

[0051] ΔM U1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t;

[0052] ΔM Uz1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration of each return air lane monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t;

[0053] D1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each return air lane monitoring point within time t;

[0054] ΔM U2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t;

[0055] ΔM Uz2 It represents the average fluctuation value of the oxygen concentration of each return air lane monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t;

[0056] D2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each monitoring point in the return air lane within time t;

[0057] ΔM U3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t;

[0058] ΔM Uz3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure of each return air channel monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t;

[0059] D3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point of the return air channel within time t;

[0060] ΔM E1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0061] ΔM Ez1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0062] A1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the concentration of harmful gases at each intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0063] ΔM E2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the monitoring point of the Eth intersection within time t;

[0064] ΔM Ez2 It represents the average fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0065] A2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0066] ΔME3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point of the Eth intersection within time t;

[0067] ΔM Ez3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0068] A3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the intersection monitoring point within time t.

[0069] As a further solution of the present invention: when the total safety level P>90, each ventilating opening of the ventilation system is ventilated normally;

[0070] When 90>P≥60, the wind speed of each vent of the ventilation system is adjusted to the maximum;

[0071] When P is less than 60, the wind speed of each vent of the ventilation system is adjusted to the maximum; with the underground workers as the center, the direction of the air supply pipeline of each vent is adjusted to face the area where the workers are;

[0072] When 90>P≥60, and the safety index of any monitoring point exceeds the standard value, the monitoring point is regarded as a dangerous monitoring point, and the vents adjacent to the dangerous monitoring point are dangerous vents. The air supply ducts of each dangerous vent stop supplying air, and the air supply duct openings of the vents adjacent to the dangerous vents are directed toward the dangerous monitoring point area.

[0073] As a further solution of the present invention: the distance between each ventilation opening and two adjacent monitoring points is equal.

[0074] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0075] 1. The present invention can quickly predict potential leakage areas or determine leakage locations through calculation. When the concentration of harmful gases does not reach the early warning standard, air quality control can be performed for potential risk areas to avoid the spread of harmful gases, so that the concentration of harmful gases in the well can always be maintained at a constant state, ensuring the safety of underground workers; a safety formula is established for different monitoring points in the well to determine the real-time safety status of the well, and the impact of temperature and humidity fluctuations on monitoring is eliminated through the environmental impact correction coefficient. Combined with the overall safety of the well and the specific safety of each monitoring point, the vents of the ventilation system are adjusted in real time, and the air volume is adjusted in real time; by quickly determining the location of abnormal areas in the well, it is ensured that after an abnormal state occurs, the underground workers can evacuate to the outside of the well in the installed state.

[0076] 2. The rotatable layout of the ventilation openings of the present invention can limit leakage to the area by adjusting the ventilation when a potential safety hazard occurs at a certain monitoring point, thereby preventing harmful gases from spreading to the entire underground environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] Figure 1 The figure is a comparison diagram of the ventilation effects of the present invention and the existing underground ventilation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0079] See also Figure 1 In an embodiment of the present invention, an air quality control device for a cable well is provided. The air quality control device includes a sensor arranged at a monitoring point underground. The sensor is used to monitor the concentration of harmful gases, oxygen concentration, temperature, air pressure, and humidity parameters at the current monitoring point.

[0080] The harmful gases monitored by the sensors in the well include methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. The sensors transmit data to the central control system through wired or wireless means. During the transmission process, the accuracy and real-time nature of the data should be ensured; after receiving the data from each monitoring point, the central control system conducts real-time analysis and processing, and determines the air quality status.

[0081] For wired transmission, use dedicated communication lines to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission; for wireless transmission, use reliable wireless communication protocols (such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc.) and set reasonable communication frequencies and transmission distances. Use data encryption technology (such as AES, RSA, etc.) to ensure data security and integrity. Set data transmission priorities and bandwidth allocation to ensure that important data can be transmitted and processed first.

[0082] The monitoring data is displayed and stored in real time, which is convenient for managers to view and trace back historical data at any time. Through data analysis, air quality reports are generated, including harmful gas concentration distribution maps, change trend maps, etc., to provide decision support for managers.

[0083] The underground monitoring points include the working face monitoring point, the return air lane monitoring point and the intersection monitoring point. The ventilation system vents are arranged between adjacent monitoring points. The ventilation vents of each monitoring point are equipped with exhaust ducts and air supply ducts. The direction of each air supply duct is adjustable. Specifically, the position of the duct opening of the air supply duct can be changed by installing an electric universal joint. The monitoring points should be set in areas where personnel activities are frequent and as close to the ground as possible (such as 1.5 to 2.0 meters above the ground) to better reflect the air quality status of the personnel breathing area.

[0084] The distance between each ventilation opening and any two adjacent monitoring points is equal. When selecting the specific location of the monitoring point, the diffusion law and concentration distribution of harmful gases are predicted based on the specific route and wind flow distribution characteristics underground. The specific location of the monitoring point is calculated with the assistance of CFD simulation to determine the specific installation point of each sensor.

[0085] The total safety degree P of the current well is determined based on the change value of the monitoring data of each monitoring point within the unit time t:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, τ represents the environmental impact correction coefficient;

[0088] C1 represents the safety index of the monitoring point of the working face;

[0089] C2 represents the safety index of the monitoring point in the return air channel;

[0090] C3 represents the safety index of the intersection monitoring point;

[0091] R1 represents the safety weight index of the working face monitoring point;

[0092] R2 represents the safety weight index of the return air channel monitoring point;

[0093] R3 represents the safety weight index of the intersection monitoring point;

[0094] R1+R2+R3=1, and R1>R2>R3;

[0095] When the total safety degree P>90, each vent of the ventilation system is ventilated normally;

[0096] When 90>P≥60, the wind speed of each vent of the ventilation system is adjusted to the maximum;

[0097] When P is less than 60, the wind speed of each ventilation outlet of the ventilation system is adjusted to the maximum; with the underground workers as the center, the direction of the air supply pipeline outlet of each ventilation outlet is adjusted to face the area where the workers are located.

[0098]

[0099] Among them, H0 represents the standard humidity underground;

[0100] H1 represents the current average humidity in the well;

[0101] δ represents the diffusion degree of harmful gases under standard humidity underground;

[0102] T0 represents the standard underground temperature;

[0103] T1 represents the current average temperature downhole.

[0104]

[0105] Where K{} represents a linear normalization function;

[0106] ΔP1 represents the difference in safety index between the working face monitoring point with the highest safety index and the working face monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all working face monitoring points;

[0107] S represents the total number of monitoring points on the working face;

[0108] P W Represents the safety index of the Wth working face monitoring point;

[0109] ΔP2 represents the difference in safety index between the return air lane monitoring point with the highest safety index and the return air lane monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all return air lane monitoring points;

[0110] M represents the total number of monitoring points in the return air channel;

[0111] P U Represents the safety index of the Uth return air channel monitoring point;

[0112] ΔP3 represents the difference in safety index between the intersection monitoring point with the highest safety index and the intersection monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all intersection monitoring points;

[0113] L represents the total number of monitoring points at the intersection;

[0114] P E represents the safety index of the Eth intersection monitoring point;

[0115]

[0116] Among them, e represents a natural constant;

[0117] ΔM w1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0118] ΔM wz1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration of each working face monitoring point adjacent to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0119] N1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each working face monitoring point within time t;

[0120] ΔM w2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0121] ΔM wz2It represents the average fluctuation value of oxygen concentration of each working face monitoring point adjacent to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0122] N2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each monitoring point of the working surface within time t;

[0123] ΔM w3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the Wth working surface monitoring point within time t;

[0124] ΔM wz3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure at each adjacent working face monitoring point to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t;

[0125] N3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point of the working face within time t.

[0126]

[0127] Among them, e represents a natural constant;

[0128] ΔM U1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t;

[0129] ΔM Uz1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration of each return air lane monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t;

[0130] D1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each return air lane monitoring point within time t;

[0131] ΔM U2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t;

[0132] ΔM Uz2 It represents the average fluctuation value of the oxygen concentration of each return air lane monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t;

[0133] D2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each monitoring point in the return air lane within time t;

[0134] ΔM U3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t;

[0135] ΔM Uz3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure of each return air channel monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t;

[0136] D3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point in the return air channel within time t.

[0137]

[0138] Among them, e represents a natural constant;

[0139] ΔM E1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0140] ΔM Ez1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0141] A1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the concentration of harmful gases at each intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0142] ΔM E2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the monitoring point of the Eth intersection within time t;

[0143] ΔM Ez2 It represents the average fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0144] A2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0145] ΔM E3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point of the Eth intersection within time t;

[0146] ΔM Ez3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0147] A3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the intersection monitoring point within time t;

[0148] When 90>P≥60, and the safety index of any monitoring point exceeds the standard value, the monitoring point is regarded as a dangerous monitoring point, and the vents adjacent to the dangerous monitoring point are dangerous vents. The air supply ducts of each dangerous vent stop supplying air, and the air supply duct openings of the vents adjacent to the dangerous vents are directed toward the dangerous monitoring point area.

[0149] like Figure 1As shown, it is a curve chart of the change of the concentration of harmful gases in the well with time after a leakage occurs at a certain point in the well; the square coordinates in the figure are the curve of the change of the concentration of harmful gases in the existing well ventilation system with time after the leakage occurs, and the triangular coordinates in the figure are the curve of the change of the concentration of harmful gases in the present invention with time after the leakage occurs in the well. It can be seen that with the increase of time, the existing ventilation system can only increase the ventilation volume blindly because it cannot judge or predict the existence of the leakage point. While increasing the ventilation volume, although it can produce a certain amount of inhibitory effect on the leaked harmful gases, as time increases, the harmful gases will gradually spread to the entire well. The air quality control device of the present invention can keep the concentration of harmful gases in the well constant at all times without large fluctuations. The present invention can quickly predict the potential leakage area or determine the leakage position through calculation. When the concentration of harmful gases does not reach the warning standard, air quality control can be carried out for the potential risk area to avoid the diffusion of harmful gases, so that the concentration of harmful gases in the well can always be maintained in a constant state, ensuring the safety of the underground workers.

[0150] The basic principles of the present application are described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, strengths, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are only examples and not limitations, and it cannot be considered that these advantages, strengths, effects, etc. are required by each embodiment of the present application. In addition, the specific details disclosed above are only for the purpose of illustration and ease of understanding, not for limitation, and the above details do not limit the present application to being implemented by adopting the above specific details.

[0151] The block diagrams of the devices, apparatuses, equipment, and systems involved in this application are only illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, and configured in the manner shown in the block diagram. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, these devices, apparatuses, equipment, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. are open words, referring to "including but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with them. The words "or" and "and" used here refer to the words "and / or" and can be used interchangeably with them, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The words "such as" used here refer to the phrase "such as but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with them.

Claims

1. A cable well air quality control device, characterized in that: It includes sensors arranged at underground monitoring points, and the sensors are used to monitor the concentration of harmful gases, oxygen concentration, temperature, air pressure, and humidity parameters at the current monitoring point; The underground monitoring points include working face monitoring points, return air lane monitoring points and intersection monitoring points. The ventilation openings of the ventilation system are arranged between adjacent monitoring points. The ventilation openings of each monitoring point are equipped with exhaust pipes and air supply pipes, and the pipe opening direction of each air supply pipe is adjustable. The total safety degree P of the current well is determined based on the change value of the monitoring data of each monitoring point within the unit time t: Among them, τ represents the environmental impact correction coefficient; C1 represents the safety index of the monitoring point of the working face; C2 represents the safety index of the monitoring point in the return air channel; C3 represents the safety index of the intersection monitoring point; R1 represents the safety weight index of the working face monitoring point; R2 represents the safety weight index of the return air channel monitoring point; R3 represents the safety weight index of the intersection monitoring point; R1+R2+R3=1, and R1>R2>R3.

2. The air quality control device in a cable well according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among them, H0 represents the standard humidity underground; H1 represents the current average humidity in the well; δ represents the diffusion degree of harmful gases under standard humidity underground; T0 represents the standard underground temperature; T1 represents the current average temperature downhole.

3. The air quality control device in a cable well according to claim 1, characterized in that: Where K{} represents a linear normalization function; ΔP1 represents the difference in safety index between the working face monitoring point with the highest safety index and the working face monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all working face monitoring points; S represents the total number of monitoring points on the working face; P W Represents the safety index of the Wth working face monitoring point; ΔP2 represents the difference in safety index between the return air lane monitoring point with the highest safety index and the return air lane monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all return air lane monitoring points; M represents the total number of monitoring points in the return air channel; P U Represents the safety index of the Uth return air channel monitoring point; ΔP3 represents the difference in safety index between the intersection monitoring point with the highest safety index and the intersection monitoring point with the lowest safety index among all intersection monitoring points; L represents the total number of monitoring points at the intersection; P E Represents the safety index of the Eth intersection monitoring point.

4. The air quality control device in a cable well according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among them, e represents a natural constant; ΔM w1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Wth working face monitoring point within time t; ΔM wz1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration of each working face monitoring point adjacent to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t; N1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each working face monitoring point within time t; ΔM w2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the Wth working face monitoring point within time t; ΔM wz2 It represents the average fluctuation value of oxygen concentration of each working face monitoring point adjacent to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t; N2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each monitoring point of the working surface within time t; ΔM w3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the Wth working surface monitoring point within time t; ΔM wz3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure at each adjacent working face monitoring point to the Wth working face monitoring point within time t; N3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point of the working face within time t; ΔM U1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t; ΔM Uz1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration of each return air lane monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t; D1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each return air lane monitoring point within time t; ΔM U2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t; ΔM Uz2 It represents the average fluctuation value of the oxygen concentration of each return air lane monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air lane monitoring point within time t; D2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each monitoring point in the return air lane within time t; ΔM U3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t; ΔM Uz3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure of each return air channel monitoring point adjacent to the Uth return air channel monitoring point within time t; D3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point of the return air channel within time t; ΔM E1 It represents the fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t; ΔM Ez1 It represents the average fluctuation value of the harmful gas concentration at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t; A1 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the concentration of harmful gases at each intersection monitoring point within time t; ΔM E2 It represents the fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at the monitoring point of the Eth intersection within time t; ΔM Ez2 It represents the average fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t; A2 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of oxygen concentration at each intersection monitoring point within time t; ΔM E3 It represents the fluctuation value of the air pressure at the monitoring point of the Eth intersection within time t; ΔM Ez3 It represents the average fluctuation value of the air pressure at each intersection monitoring point adjacent to the Eth intersection monitoring point within time t; A3 represents the reasonable fluctuation value of the air pressure at the intersection monitoring point within time t.

5. The air quality control device in a cable well according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the total safety degree P>90, each vent of the ventilation system is ventilated normally; When 90>P≥60, the wind speed of each vent of the ventilation system is adjusted to the maximum; When P is less than 60, the wind speed of each vent of the ventilation system is adjusted to the maximum; with the underground workers as the center, the direction of the air supply pipeline of each vent is adjusted to face the area where the workers are; When 90>P≥60, and the safety index of any monitoring point exceeds the standard value, the monitoring point is regarded as a dangerous monitoring point, and the vents adjacent to the dangerous monitoring point are dangerous vents. The air supply ducts of each dangerous vent stop supplying air, and the air supply duct openings of the vents adjacent to the dangerous vents are directed toward the dangerous monitoring point area.

6. The air quality control device in a cable well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between each ventilation opening and two adjacent monitoring points is equal.

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