Hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control and use method of hard rock stratum excavation device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hard rock stratum blasting construction, and discloses a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control and a using method of the hard rock stratum excavation device. The technical problems that in the prior art, harmful effects exist in underground engineering drilling and blasting method construction, and control is difficult are solved. The system comprises a blasting structure arranged in a hard rock stratum section and a monitoring module arranged on the earth surface, the blasting structure comprises blast holes and vibration reduction holes, the blast holes comprise slotting holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes, eccentric non-coupling vibration isolation charging structures are arranged in the slotting holes and the auxiliary holes, and the vibration reduction holes are arranged in the peripheral holes. Comprising a radial non-coupling charging structure and an axial non-coupling charging structure, an energy gathering cover interval charging structure is arranged in a peripheral hole, a vibration reduction hole is formed between a blast hole in a tunnel and a protection object, and the monitoring module comprises measuring points and vibration meters which are arranged in excavated and non-excavated areas on the two sides of a tunnel face. According to the method, the technical level of hard rock stratum blasting excavation construction is improved, and metro hard rock stratum blasting fine design, meticulous construction and control over harmful effects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hard rock stratum blasting construction, and in particular to a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, urban traffic pressure is increasing. As an efficient public transportation mode, the demand for subway construction is increasing. However, the construction of hard rock strata sections in urban areas faces many challenges, especially the blasting and excavation of super-large section tunnels in complex environments. These challenges mainly include blasting operations in densely populated areas, ensuring construction safety, avoiding damage to the surrounding environment and personnel, and improving construction efficiency, reducing construction cycles, reducing costs, and reducing the impact on the environment during construction, such as noise, dust and vibration, while ensuring safety. The blasting and excavation technology of super-large section tunnels has high requirements and requires precise control of blasting parameters to ensure the quality and stability of the tunnel. Although the existing blasting and excavation technology for hard rock strata can meet construction needs to a certain extent, it still has some limitations.

[0003] The Chinese patent document 201810032412.1 in the prior art discloses a hard rock stratum blasting excavation method applied to the field of tunnel excavation technology, wherein a pre-crack hole group (3) is arranged on a blasting surface (1) near an underground pipeline (2), and a smooth hole group (4) and a groove hole group (5) are also arranged on the blasting surface (1), and explosives are respectively loaded in the pre-crack holes of the pre-crack hole group (3), the smooth holes of the smooth hole group (4), and the groove holes of the groove hole group (5); the pre-crack hole group (3) is detonated first, then the groove hole group (5) is detonated, and finally the smooth hole group (4) is detonated.

[0004] However, during the implementation of the above scheme, there are at least the following technical problems: the blasting parameters are difficult to control accurately, resulting in unstable tunnel forming quality; the monitoring means are backward and it is impossible to obtain key data in the construction process in real time; the safety measures are not perfect and there are safety hazards; the construction method is single and lacks flexibility and adaptability. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control and its use method. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control and its use method, which solves the technical problems that the blasting parameters in the existing underground engineering drilling and blasting method construction are difficult to accurately control, resulting in unstable tunnel forming quality; the monitoring means are backward and the key data in the construction process cannot be obtained in real time; the safety measures are not perfect and there are safety hazards; the construction method is single and lacks flexibility and adaptability. The present invention makes full use of modern blasting monitoring technology, numerical analysis and field tests, implements the concept of green and environmentally friendly construction, and carries out a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control and its use method. Through modern blasting monitoring technology and field blasting tests as the main research means, supplemented by numerical simulation, a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control and its use method are systematically studied, and a corresponding harmful effect control technology is proposed. The present invention improves the technical level of hard rock stratum blasting excavation construction, and realizes the fine design, careful construction and harmful effect control of subway hard rock stratum blasting.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control, comprising a blasting structure arranged in a hard rock stratum section and a monitoring module arranged on the surface, the blasting structure comprising a blast hole and a vibration reduction hole, the blast hole comprising a slot hole, an auxiliary hole, and a peripheral hole, an eccentric uncoupled vibration isolation charge structure is installed in the slot hole and the auxiliary hole, the eccentric uncoupled vibration isolation charge structure comprises a radial uncoupled charge structure and an axial uncoupled charge structure, an energy-gathering hood spaced charge structure is installed in the peripheral hole, the vibration reduction hole is arranged between the blast hole and the protective object in the tunnel, the monitoring module comprises measuring points arranged in the excavated and unexcavated areas on both sides of the tunnel face, and vibration meters are installed at the measuring points.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radially uncoupled charge structure includes explosives placed slightly below the center of the blast hole, the explosives are cylindrical medicine rolls, the outer side of the explosives are semi-enclosed with vibration isolation materials facing the surface, and the explosives are bonded to the blast hole by positioning explosive glue, and the positioning explosive glue is a foam material.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the axially uncoupled charge structure includes vibration isolation materials and explosives placed in sequence from the bottom of the hole to the hole mouth. The explosives are oriented in the direction of the rock mass to be blasted and broken and are bonded in the blast hole through positioning explosive strips to form an eccentric charge structure.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration isolation material includes air spacing material and water spacing material, the air spacing material includes PVC plastic pipe, and the installation method of the vibration isolation material includes installing it on the top, bottom or both ends of the explosive.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the energy-gathering hood-spaced charge structure includes an energy-gathering roll installed at the bottom of the blast hole, and a middle charge column installed in the middle of the blast hole, the energy-gathering roll includes a bottom charge column, an energy-gathering tube and an energy-gathering hood are inserted into the bottom of the bottom charge column, and the opening direction of the energy-gathering hood is toward the middle charge column.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the shaped charge roll is 30 cm apart from the middle charge column, and the diameter of the shaped charge roll and the middle charge column are both Ø32 mm and the length is both 150 mm.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an air spacing material is provided between the shaped charge roll and the middle charge column, and the bottom of the blast hole is filled with a water sand bag.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration reduction hole is arranged in the middle of the slotted hole.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration reduction hole is arranged between the groove hole and the auxiliary hole.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the distance between two adjacent measuring points is 5m.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for using a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control is provided, which is applicable to the above-mentioned hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control. First, geological exploration is carried out to understand the geological conditions of the construction site, including rock type, hardness, and crack distribution; and the following steps are also included: (1) Blasting structure layout: Drilling operation: drilling blast holes and vibration reduction holes; blast holes include slot holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes; (2) Charge configuration: For the slot holes and auxiliary holes, an eccentric uncoupled vibration isolation charge structure is adopted. The radial uncoupled charge structure is to place a cylindrical charge roll slightly below the center of the blasthole, and semi-enclose the vibration isolation material on the outer side of the cylindrical charge roll toward the surface, and fix the cylindrical charge roll in the blasthole with foam material; the axial uncoupled charge structure is to place the vibration isolation material and explosives in sequence from the bottom of the hole to the hole mouth, and the explosives are oriented in the direction of the rock mass to be blasted and broken, and are bonded in the blasthole through the positioning explosive strip to form an eccentric charge structure; in the peripheral holes, a focused hood interval charge structure is applied, a focused charge roll is installed at the bottom of the blasthole, a middle charge column is installed in the middle of the blasthole, and a focused tube and a focused hood are inserted into the charge column at the bottom of the focused charge roll, so that the opening direction of the focused hood faces the middle charge column; (3) Vibration reduction: Vibration reduction holes are set between the blastholes and the protection objects in the tunnel. The vibration reduction holes are arranged in the middle of the slot holes and between the slot holes and the auxiliary holes. (4) Establishment of monitoring module: Measuring points are arranged in the excavated and unexcavated areas on both sides of the tunnel face. A vibration meter is installed at each measuring point. The distance between two adjacent measuring points is 5 meters to record the vibration conditions. (5) Blasting: Ignite the explosives in each blast hole in sequence according to the predetermined plan, with a delay between each group to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Reasonable layout of blastholes can improve rock crushing efficiency, reduce over-excavation, and ensure the accurate formation of tunnel contours. Setting vibration-damping holes between blastholes and protective objects can absorb and weaken explosion stress waves, effectively interfere with the propagation path of explosion stress waves, and thus reduce the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0018] 2. The radial uncoupled charge structure can disperse the explosion energy to a certain extent and reduce the vibration transmission. The semi-enclosed coating of the vibration isolation material reduces the shock wave directly transmitted to the rock mass and reduces the peak vibration velocity. The foam material fixation increases the stability of the explosive and prevents displacement during the charging process.

[0019] 3. Axially uncoupled charges help to concentrate energy on the target area and improve the crushing effect. The layered placement of vibration isolation materials and explosives optimizes the directionality of energy release and improves rock crushing efficiency. Positioning explosive strip bonding ensures that the explosives are firmly fixed in the blasthole to avoid accidental movement. Air spacing materials provide good vibration isolation effects while being low cost. Water spacing materials further enhance the vibration isolation effect.

[0020] 4. The energy-gathering shield interval charging structure uses the energy-gathering shield to concentrate energy, enhance directional destructive force, and improve rock crushing efficiency. The energy-gathering shield concentrates energy on the target area, improving the accuracy and efficiency of rock crushing. An air gap is set between the energy-gathering charge roll and the middle charge column to reduce unnecessary energy loss.

[0021] 5. Arrange the measuring points and install vibration meters, which can monitor and record the vibration conditions during the blasting process in real time, and provide data support for the subsequent adjustment of blasting parameters. The vibration meter is a high-precision vibration measurement device to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0022] 6. Ignite the explosives in each blast hole in turn, and set an appropriate delay to make the vibration wave between the first blast hole and the next blast hole form a reasonable phase difference, thereby reducing the vibration intensity after superposition. Through the digital electronic detonator, accurate delay is achieved, the blasting sequence is optimized, and the superimposed vibration intensity is reduced. Gradually detonating the blast holes reduces the instantaneous vibration peak and reduces the impact on the surrounding environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a reference map for the location of blasting holes; Above Figure 1 Red is the slot hole, purple is the auxiliary hole, green is the bottom plate hole, and black is the peripheral hole. Figure 2 Reference drawings for shaft and cut locations; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the radial uncoupled charge structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the axially uncoupled charge structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the interval charge structure of the shaped shield; Figure 6 It is a front view of the spaced charge structure of the shaped shield; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Sectional view of the middle AA plane; The names of the components in the figure are: 1. Grooving area; 2. Grooving hole; 3. Rock mass; 4. Blasting excavation area; 5. Vibration monitoring point; 6. Blast hole wall; 7. Vibration isolation material; 8. Explosives; 9. Filling material; 10. Shaped charge roll; 11. Middle charge column; 12. Bottom charge column; 13. Shaped charge tube; 14. Shaped charge cover; 15. Detonator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0025] This example discloses a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control and its use method, see Figures 1 to 7 ; The hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control includes a blasting structure arranged in the hard rock stratum section and a monitoring module arranged on the surface. The blasting structure includes a blast hole and a vibration reduction hole. The blast hole includes a slot hole 2, an auxiliary hole, and a peripheral hole. The slot hole position in the shaft is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the square shaft includes a rock mass 3, a plurality of vibration monitoring points 5 are arranged at intervals above the rock mass 3, a blasting excavation area 4 is arranged in the rock mass 3, a groove area 1 is arranged above the blasting excavation area, and a plurality of groove holes 2 are arranged at intervals above the groove area 1; an eccentric uncoupled vibration isolation charge structure is installed in the groove hole and the auxiliary hole, the eccentric uncoupled vibration isolation charge structure includes a radial uncoupled charge structure and an axial uncoupled charge structure, an energy-gathering hood interval charge structure is installed in the peripheral hole, the vibration reduction hole is arranged between the blast hole and the protection object in the tunnel, and the monitoring module includes measuring points arranged in the excavated and unexcavated areas on both sides of the tunnel face, and vibration meters are installed at the measuring points.

[0026] The radial uncoupled charge structure includes an explosive 8 placed at the center of the blasthole near the lower blasthole wall 6, the explosive 8 is a cylindrical charge roll, the outer side of the explosive is semi-enclosed with a vibration isolation material 7 toward the surface, and the explosive 8 is bonded to the blasthole by a positioning explosive glue, and the positioning explosive glue is a foam material; The axially uncoupled charge structure includes a vibration isolation material 7, explosives 8, and filling materials 9 placed in sequence from the bottom of the hole to the hole mouth. The explosives 8 are oriented in the direction of the rock mass to be blasted and broken and are bonded in the blasthole through positioning explosive strips to form an eccentric charge structure.

[0027] The vibration isolation material includes air spacing material and water spacing material. The air spacing material includes PVC plastic pipe. The installation method of the vibration isolation material includes installing it on the upper part, lower part or both ends of the explosive.

[0028] The shaped cap interval charge structure comprises a shaped charge roll 10 installed at the bottom of the blast hole, a middle charge column 11 installed in the middle of the blast hole, and a filling material 9. The shaped charge roll 10 comprises a bottom charge column 12. A shaped tube 13, a shaped cap 14, and a detonator 15 are inserted into the bottom charge column 12. The opening direction of the shaped cap 14 faces the middle charge column 12. The distance between the shaped charge roll and the middle charge column is 30cm. The diameter of the shaped charge roll and the middle charge column are both Ø32mm and the length is 150mm.

[0029] Air spacer material is set between the shaped charge roll and the middle charge column, and the bottom of the blast hole is filled with water sand bags.

[0030] The vibration reduction hole is arranged in the middle of the cutout hole; The vibration reduction hole is arranged between the slot hole and the auxiliary hole. The distance between two adjacent measuring points is 5m.

[0031] A method for using a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control is applicable to the above-mentioned hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control. First, geological exploration is carried out to understand the geological conditions of the construction site, including rock type, hardness, and crack distribution; and also includes the following steps: (1) Blasting structure layout: Drilling operation: drilling blast holes and vibration reduction holes; blast holes include slot holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes; (2) Charge configuration: For the slot holes and auxiliary holes, an eccentric uncoupled vibration isolation charge structure is adopted. The radial uncoupled charge structure is to place a cylindrical charge roll slightly below the center of the blasthole, and semi-enclose the vibration isolation material on the outer side of the cylindrical charge roll toward the surface, and fix the cylindrical charge roll in the blasthole with foam material; the axial uncoupled charge structure is to place the vibration isolation material and explosives in sequence from the bottom of the hole to the hole mouth, and the explosives are oriented in the direction of the rock mass to be blasted and broken, and are bonded in the blasthole through the positioning explosive strip to form an eccentric charge structure; in the peripheral holes, a focused hood interval charge structure is applied, a focused charge roll is installed at the bottom of the blasthole, a middle charge column is installed in the middle of the blasthole, and a focused tube and a focused hood are inserted into the charge column at the bottom of the focused charge roll, so that the opening direction of the focused hood faces the middle charge column; (3) Vibration reduction: Vibration reduction holes are set between the blastholes and the protection objects in the tunnel. The vibration reduction holes are arranged in the middle of the slot holes and between the slot holes and the auxiliary holes. (4) Establishment of monitoring module: Measuring points are arranged in the excavated and unexcavated areas on both sides of the tunnel face. A vibration meter is installed at each measuring point. The distance between two adjacent measuring points is 5 meters to record the vibration conditions. (5) Blasting: Ignite the explosives in each blast hole in sequence according to the predetermined plan, with a delay between each group to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0032] Although some preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0033] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control, characterized in that: The invention comprises a blasting structure arranged in a section of a hard rock formation and a monitoring module arranged on the surface, wherein the blasting structure comprises a blast hole and a vibration-damping hole, wherein the blast hole comprises a slot hole, an auxiliary hole, and a peripheral hole, wherein an eccentric uncoupled vibration-isolating charge structure is installed in the slot hole and the auxiliary hole, wherein the eccentric uncoupled vibration-isolating charge structure comprises a radial uncoupled charge structure and an axial uncoupled charge structure, wherein an energy-gathering cover spaced charge structure is installed in the peripheral hole, wherein the vibration-damping hole is arranged between the blast hole and the protective object in the tunnel, and wherein the monitoring module comprises measuring points arranged in the excavated and unexcavated areas on both sides of the tunnel face, wherein vibration meters are installed at the measuring points.

2. A hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The radially uncoupled charge structure includes explosives placed slightly below the center of the blasthole. The explosives are cylindrical cartridges, and the outer side of the explosives is semi-enclosed with vibration isolation materials toward the surface. The explosives are bonded to the blasthole by positioning explosive glue, and the positioning explosive glue is a foam material.

3. A hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The axially uncoupled charge structure includes vibration isolation materials and explosives placed in sequence from the bottom of the hole to the hole mouth. The explosives are oriented in the direction of the rock mass to be blasted and broken and are bonded in the blasthole through positioning explosive strips to form an eccentric charge structure.

4. A hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration isolation material comprises air spacing material and water spacing material, the air spacing material comprises PVC plastic pipe, and the vibration isolation material is installed on the upper part, lower part or both ends of the explosive.

5. The hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-gathering cover interval charging structure includes an energy-gathering roll installed at the bottom of the blast hole, and a middle charge column installed in the middle of the blast hole. The energy-gathering roll includes a bottom charge column, and an energy-gathering tube and an energy-gathering cover are inserted into the bottom charge column. The opening direction of the energy-gathering cover is toward the middle charge column.

6. A hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The shaped charge roll is 30 cm apart from the middle charge column, and the diameters of the shaped charge roll and the middle charge column are both Ø32 mm and their lengths are both 150 mm.

7. A hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: An air spacing material is arranged between the shaped charge roll and the middle charge column, and a water sand bag is filled at the bottom of the blast hole.

8. The hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration reduction holes are arranged in the middle of the slotted holes and between the slotted holes and the auxiliary holes.

9. The hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent measuring points is 5m.

10. A method for using a hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control, applicable to the hard rock stratum excavation device based on blasting vibration safety control as claimed in claim 1, firstly, geological exploration is carried out to understand the geological conditions of the construction site, including rock type, hardness, and crack distribution; characterized in that, The following steps are also included: (1) Blasting structure layout: Drilling operation: drilling blast holes and vibration reduction holes; blast holes include slot holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes; (2) Charge configuration: For the slot holes and auxiliary holes, an eccentric uncoupled vibration isolation charge structure is adopted. The radial uncoupled charge structure is to place a cylindrical charge roll slightly below the center of the blasthole, and semi-enclose the vibration isolation material on the outer side of the cylindrical charge roll toward the surface, and fix the cylindrical charge roll in the blasthole with foam material; the axial uncoupled charge structure is to place the vibration isolation material and explosives in sequence from the bottom of the hole to the hole mouth, and the explosives are oriented in the direction of the rock mass to be blasted and broken, and are bonded in the blasthole through the positioning explosive strip to form an eccentric charge structure; in the peripheral holes, a focused hood interval charge structure is applied, a focused charge roll is installed at the bottom of the blasthole, a middle charge column is installed in the middle of the blasthole, and a focused tube and a focused hood are inserted into the charge column at the bottom of the focused charge roll, so that the opening direction of the focused hood faces the middle charge column; (3) Vibration reduction: Vibration reduction holes are set between the blastholes and the protection objects in the tunnel. The vibration reduction holes are arranged in the middle of the slot holes and between the slot holes and the auxiliary holes. (4) Establishment of monitoring module: Measuring points are arranged in the excavated and unexcavated areas on both sides of the tunnel face. A vibration meter is installed at each measuring point. The distance between two adjacent measuring points is 5 meters to record the vibration conditions. (5) Blasting: Ignite the explosives in each blast hole in sequence according to the predetermined plan, with a delay between each group to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment.

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