Hydrothermal management system and method and fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrothermal management system and method and a fuel cell system. The hydrothermal management system is used for heat management of a fuel cell system, and the hydrothermal management system comprises a solid hydrogen storage module configured as a hydrogen supply source of the fuel cell system so as to be capable of absorbing heat and releasing hydrogen; the phase change heat storage module is configured to be capable of storing part of heat generated by operation of the fuel cell system; and the hydrothermal circulation loop is configured to be capable of transferring heat generated by operation of the fuel cell system to the solid hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module, and transferring heat stored by the phase change heat storage module to the solid hydrogen storage module. According to the hydrothermal management system provided by the invention, the heat dissipation cost can be reduced, the heat dissipation power and the operation noise are reduced, and the heat utilization rate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a water heat management system, method and fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is a device that generates electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen on an exchange membrane. Figure 1 As shown, due to the characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell system itself, it generates a large amount of heat when working, but the exhaust temperature is much lower than that of a traditional internal combustion engine, so most of the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell needs to be transferred out through a coolant combined with a radiator and a fan and other heat dissipation modules. Due to the large amount of heat dissipation, it is necessary to use a radiator and fan with a large heat dissipation power to achieve it. When the power generation of the hydrogen fuel cell increases, its heat generation power also increases, which further increases the heat dissipation power of the radiator and fan of the hydrogen fuel cell. It is often necessary to set up multiple radiators and fans, which leads to increased heat dissipation costs, increased operating noise of heat dissipation components, and low heat utilization.

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to propose a technical solution to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention proposes a water heat management system, method and fuel cell system, which can reduce heat dissipation costs, reduce heat dissipation power and operating noise, and improve heat utilization.

[0005] The present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a water heat management system for heat management of a fuel cell system, the water heat management system comprising: A solid-state hydrogen storage module configured as a hydrogen supply source for the fuel cell system so as to be able to absorb heat and release hydrogen; a phase change heat storage module configured to store a portion of the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system; and The hydrothermal circulation loop is configured to: transfer the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system to the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase-change heat storage module, and to transfer the heat stored in the phase-change heat storage module to the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

[0006] As a further improved technical solution, the hydrothermal management system includes a heat exchanger, and the hydrothermal circulation loop includes a heat dissipation loop and a heat absorption loop for performing heat exchange in the heat exchanger, wherein the heat dissipation loop is used to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system to the heat exchanger, and the heat absorption loop is used to transfer the heat at the heat exchanger to the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module.

[0007] As a further improved technical solution, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, the heat dissipation circuit and the heat absorption circuit are thermally connected, and the liquids circulating in the heat dissipation circuit and the heat absorption circuit are not connected.

[0008] As a further improved technical solution, the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module are arranged in parallel, and the hydrothermal circulation loop includes a controllable valve, which is configured to distribute the heat transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the heat transferred to the phase change heat storage module.

[0009] As a further improved technical solution, the controllable valve is a three-way valve, and two outlets of the three-way valve are respectively connected to the water heat pipelines flowing through the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module.

[0010] As a further improved technical solution, a heat dissipation module is provided on the heat dissipation circuit, and the heat dissipation module includes a radiator and a fan.

[0011] As a further improved technical solution, a first water pump is provided on the heat dissipation circuit, and a second water pump is provided on the heat absorption circuit.

[0012] The present invention is also implemented by the following technical solution: a hydrothermal management method, used in the hydrothermal management system as described above, the hydrothermal management method comprising: When the fuel cell system operates under low load conditions, the water-heat circulation loop is controlled to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system to the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the water-heat circulation loop is controlled not to transfer heat to the phase change heat storage module; When the fuel cell system operates under high load conditions, the water heat circulation loop is controlled to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system to the solid hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module.

[0013] As a further improved technical solution, the hydrothermal management method includes: when the fuel cell system is cold started, controlling the hydrothermal circulation loop to transfer the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module to the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

[0014] The present invention is also implemented through the following technology: a fuel cell system, which includes the water thermal management system as described above.

[0015] The hydrothermal management system provided by the present invention includes a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a phase change heat storage module and a hydrothermal circulation loop. The solid-state hydrogen storage module is configured as a hydrogen supply source for the fuel cell system so as to absorb heat and release hydrogen. The phase change heat storage module is configured to store part of the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system. The hydrothermal circulation loop is configured to: transfer the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system to the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module, and transfer the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module to the solid-state hydrogen storage module; in this way, the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system can be transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage module for utilization and to the phase change heat storage module for storage, thereby improving the heat utilization rate and reducing the heat dissipation power and operating noise of the heat dissipation components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a connection diagram of a water heat management system in the prior art.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a connection diagram of an embodiment of a water heat management system of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the operating status of the water thermal management system of the fuel cell system under low load operating conditions.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the operating status of the water thermal management system of the fuel cell system under high load operating conditions.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the operating status of the water thermal management system of the fuel cell system under cold start state.

[0021] The figure numbers are as follows: 1-fuel cell system; 2, first water pump; 3-heat dissipation module; 4-heat exchanger; 5-second water pump; 6-solid-state hydrogen storage module; 7-phase change heat storage module; 8-controllable valve; 10-heat dissipation circuit; 20-heat absorption circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides a hydrothermal management system and a hydrothermal management method. The hydrothermal management system is used for heat management of a fuel cell system 1, and the hydrothermal management system includes a solid-state hydrogen storage module 6, a phase change heat storage module 7, and a hydrothermal circulation loop. The solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 is configured as a hydrogen supply source for the fuel cell system 1, so as to absorb heat and release hydrogen; the phase change heat storage module 7 is configured to store part of the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 1; the hydrothermal circulation loop is used to transfer heat between different components, specifically, it is configured to: be able to transfer the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 1 to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7, and be able to transfer the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module 7 to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6.

[0025] The water heat management system provided by the present invention enables the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 1 to be transferred to the solid hydrogen storage module 6 for use, so that the solid hydrogen storage module 6 absorbs heat and releases hydrogen to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell system 1; the excess heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 1 can be transferred to the phase change heat storage module 7 for storage, so that when the fuel cell system 1 is cold started or in other cases of insufficient heat, the stored heat can be transferred to the solid hydrogen storage module 6 for use. In this way, not only the heat dissipation power and operating noise of the heat dissipation components are reduced, and the heat dissipation cost is reduced, but also the heat generated by the fuel cell system 1 is effectively utilized, thereby improving the heat utilization rate.

[0026] The present invention adopts a solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell system 1. In one embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 can replace the current mainstream hydrogen bottle hydrogen supply scheme; in another embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the hydrogen bottle can also be equipped at the same time, with one of them as a backup hydrogen supply source. For the scheme of simultaneously equipping the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the hydrogen bottle as hydrogen supply sources, the capacity of the hydrogen bottle can be reduced compared to the current mainstream single hydrogen bottle hydrogen supply scheme. Due to the inherent characteristics of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, it needs to absorb heat to reach a certain temperature before releasing hydrogen. This part of the heat can just be provided by the fuel cell system 1. Since part of the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 1 is used by the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6, the heat that needs to be dissipated by the radiator and the fan is relatively reduced, which reduces the heat dissipation power requirements of the radiator and the fan.

[0027] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology utilizes the reaction between hydrogen and solid-state hydrogen storage materials to achieve hydrogen storage. Compared with other hydrogen storage methods, solid-state hydrogen storage technology has the advantages of large hydrogen storage volume density, easy operation, convenient transportation, low cost, good safety, and good reversible cyclicity. The solid-state hydrogen storage material used in the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 can be obtained from existing materials, such as carbon materials, such as high surface area activated carbon, carbon fiber, nanographite, graphene, etc.; salts, such as silicates, aluminosilicates, etc.; alloys, such as Mg2Ni, LaNi5, etc. Among them, hydrogen storage of alloy materials, that is, metal hydride hydrogen storage, is currently the most promising and rapidly developing solid-state hydrogen storage method. The present invention does not limit the specific types of solid-state hydrogen storage materials, and those skilled in the art should choose according to their needs. Different solid-state hydrogen storage materials have different temperature requirements for the adsorption and release of hydrogen. In some embodiments of the present invention, the solid-state hydrogen storage material is preferably a material whose optimal hydrogen adsorption temperature is around 0°C or below and whose optimal hydrogen release temperature is above 50°C, so that it can better adapt to the operating temperature range of the fuel cell system 1.

[0028] When the ambient temperature is low and the fuel cell system 1 needs a cold start, the solid hydrogen storage module 6 cannot release hydrogen, and the fuel cell system 1 cannot start to provide heat, so an external heating component is required to increase the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage module 6. The present invention uses a phase change heat storage module 7 to store a portion of the heat when the fuel cell system 1 is running, which not only reduces the heat dissipation power requirements of the radiator and the fan, but also improves the utilization rate of the heat, so that when a cold start is required, the stored heat can be transferred to the solid hydrogen storage module 6 through a water-heat circulation loop to maintain a certain temperature, which can shorten the cold start time and reduce the power consumption generated by external electric heating.

[0029] Phase change heat storage technology uses phase change materials to absorb or release heat when they undergo phase change to achieve energy storage. It has the characteristics of large heat storage per unit mass, small temperature fluctuation, good chemical stability and good safety. Phase change heat storage types mainly include solid-liquid phase change, liquid-gas phase change and solid-gas phase change. Among them, solid-liquid phase change is the most practical phase change heat storage type. In this type, the substance changes from solid to liquid, such as paraffin, fatty acid, etc. This change is accompanied by a large amount of latent heat absorption or release, which makes solid-liquid phase change heat storage widely used in temperature regulation and energy storage; liquid-gas phase change involves the process of substance changing from liquid to gas. Although this type of phase change heat storage has a large latent heat storage capacity in theory, its operating conditions and equipment requirements are relatively complex, and there are few practical applications; solid-gas phase change is the process of substance directly changing from solid to gas. This type of phase change heat storage also has a large theoretical latent heat storage capacity, but because of the complexity of its operating conditions and equipment requirements, there are currently few practical applications. The present invention does not limit the specific type of solid-state hydrogen storage material, and those skilled in the art can make their own selection according to their needs.

[0030] Please continue reading Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the water thermal management system includes a heat exchanger 4, and the water thermal circulation loop includes a heat dissipation loop 10 and a heat absorption loop 20 for heat exchange in the heat exchanger 4, wherein the heat dissipation loop 10 is used to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system 1 to the heat exchanger 4, and the heat absorption loop 20 is used to transfer the heat at the heat exchanger 4 to the solid hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7. In this embodiment, the heat dissipation loop 10 and the heat absorption loop 20 are thermally connected, and the liquids circulating in the heat dissipation loop 10 and the heat absorption loop 20 are not connected; that is, the water thermal circulation loop adopts two relatively independent small circulation loops, which can reduce the circulation flow path and improve the heat exchange efficiency. In one embodiment, the heat exchanger 4 is a plate heat exchanger. The plate heat exchanger is a high-efficiency heat exchanger formed by stacking a series of metal sheets with certain corrugated shapes or other turbulent structures. Thin-sheet channels are formed between various plates, and the coolant flows through the thin-sheet channels to exchange heat through the metal sheets. It has the characteristics of high heat exchange efficiency, small heat loss, compact and light structure, small footprint, wide application, long service life, etc. Of course, in other embodiments, other types of heat exchangers can also be used.

[0031] The heat dissipation circuit 10 is provided with a heat dissipation module 3, the heat dissipation module 3 includes a radiator and a fan, and the heat dissipation circuit 10 is provided with a first water pump 2. The water heat pipe of the heat dissipation circuit 10 passes through the fuel cell system 1, the first water pump 2, the heat dissipation module 3, and the heat exchanger 4 and returns to the fuel cell system 1 to form a circulation circuit. The heat generated by the fuel cell system 1 during operation is absorbed by the coolant in the heat dissipation circuit 10, and the temperature of the coolant increases to form a high-temperature liquid, which flows through the heat dissipation module 3 to dissipate part of the heat, and then exchanges heat with the heat absorption circuit 20 at the heat exchanger 4, and the temperature of the coolant in the heat dissipation circuit 10 decreases to form a low-temperature liquid, which flows back to the fuel cell system 1 to absorb and take away the heat generated by the fuel cell system 1 again, and the cycle continues.

[0032] The heat absorption circuit 20 is provided with a second water pump 5, and the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7 are provided in parallel and connected to the heat absorption circuit 20. The heat absorption circuit 20 includes a controllable valve 8, and the controllable valve 8 is configured to distribute the heat transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the heat transferred to the phase change heat storage module 7. The controllable valve 8 distributes the heat transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the heat transferred to the phase change heat storage module 7 by controlling whether the coolant in the heat absorption circuit 20 flows through, does not flow through, or the flow rate of the coolant flowing through to distribute the heat transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the heat transferred to the phase change heat storage module 7. In other words, the controllable valve 8 can control the coolant in the heat absorption circuit 20 to flow only through the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6, or only through the phase change heat storage module 7, or through the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7 at the same time. In this embodiment, the controllable valve 8 is a three-way valve, and the two outlets of the three-way valve are respectively connected to the water-heat pipelines flowing through the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7, and the opening and closing and opening degree of the two outlets of the three-way valve are adjustable. The water-heat pipeline of the heat absorption circuit 20 passes through the heat exchanger 4, the controllable valve 8, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and / or the phase change heat storage module 7, and the second water pump 5 back to the heat exchanger 4 to form a circulation loop. The coolant in the heat absorption circuit 20 absorbs heat at the heat exchanger 4 and the temperature rises to form a high-temperature liquid. After flowing through the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and / or the phase change heat storage module 7 through the controllable valve 8, the heat is absorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and / or the phase change heat storage module 7, and the temperature of the coolant decreases to form a low-temperature liquid, which flows back to the heat exchanger 4 to absorb and take away heat again, and the cycle is repeated.

[0033] See also Figure 3 As shown, when the fuel cell system 1 is running under low load conditions, since the heat that needs to be dissipated is not much, it is sufficient to rely on the heat dissipation module 3 and the solid hydrogen storage module 6; at this time, the controllable valve 8 is controlled to close the pipeline flowing through the phase change heat storage module 7, and only the coolant is allowed to flow through the solid hydrogen storage module 6, as shown in FIG. Figure 3The dotted line shown in the figure is a non-conductive pipeline. In this way, part of the heat generated by the fuel cell system 1 during operation is dissipated by the heat dissipation module 3, and the other part is transferred to the heat exchanger 4 for heat exchange with the heat absorption circuit 20, so that the coolant in the heat absorption circuit 20 is heated to a high-temperature liquid. When the high-temperature liquid passes through the solid hydrogen storage module 6, the heat of the coolant is absorbed by the solid hydrogen storage module 6 because the solid hydrogen storage module 6 needs to absorb heat to release hydrogen, and the temperature of the coolant drops, becoming a low-temperature liquid and then returning to the heat exchanger 4.

[0034] See also Figure 4 As shown, when the fuel cell system 1 is running under high load conditions, the amount of heat that needs to be dissipated reaches the highest. At this time, the controllable valve 8 is controlled to open the pipeline flowing through the solid hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7, so that the coolant in the heat absorption circuit 20 passes through these two modules at the same time. Since the phase change heat storage module 7 can also absorb heat, the temperature of the coolant passing through it will also decrease. Since the solid hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7 absorb heat at the same time, the heat generated by the entire fuel cell system 1 during operation can be transferred out without increasing the heat dissipation power of the radiator and the fan. It should be noted that the above-mentioned low-load conditions and high-load conditions are relative. Those skilled in the art can set it to allow the coolant to flow only through the solid hydrogen storage module 6 below a certain load, and allow the coolant to flow through the solid hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7 at the same time above a certain load according to the actual heat generation demand of the fuel cell system 1.

[0035] See also Figure 5 As shown, when the fuel cell system 1 is shut down, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 is no longer needed to release hydrogen. If the ambient temperature is low at the next startup, the fuel cell system 1 needs to be cold-started. At this time, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 cannot release hydrogen, and the fuel cell system 1 cannot be started to provide heat. Therefore, an external heating component is required to increase the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6. Since the phase change heat storage module 7 has stored a certain amount of heat during the last operation of the fuel cell system 1, the coolant in the heat absorption circuit 20 can be circulated by the second water pump 5, and the heat in the phase change heat storage module 7 can be transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 to maintain a certain temperature, which can shorten the cold start time. In some embodiments, the water thermal management system is also equipped with an electric heating element, which can heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 to assist the cold start process.

[0036] In a measured example using the solution of the present invention, a hydrogen fuel cell system with a net output power of about 180KW has a total heating power of about 200KW at the rated point. In the current mainstream technical solution, this 200KW needs to be dissipated by the radiator and the fan; while using the technical solution of the present invention, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 can absorb about 60KW at the rated point, and the phase change heat storage module 7 can absorb about 30KW. In this way, the heat dissipation power of the radiator and the fan can be reduced to 110KW, which is only 55% of the mainstream technical solution, greatly reducing the number of radiators and the fan noise at the rated point. In addition, in the absence of the phase change heat storage module 7, all the heat for the cold start of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 needs to be provided by an external heating component. Taking the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 as a 200L cooling chamber as an example, in order to increase its temperature from 0°C to 45°C in 30 minutes, the heating power is about 30KW, and the entire heating process requires 15KWh of electricity; after adopting the scheme of the present invention, the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module during the shutdown process can maintain a certain degree of temperature for the solid-state hydrogen storage module, which can shorten the cold start time and reduce the heating power consumption by about 30%.

[0037] The present invention also provides a hydrothermal management method for the hydrothermal management system as described above, the hydrothermal management method comprising: when the fuel cell system 1 operates under a low load condition, controlling the hydrothermal circulation loop to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system 1 to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6, and controlling the hydrothermal circulation loop not to transfer heat to the phase change heat storage module 7; when the fuel cell system 1 operates under a high load condition, controlling the hydrothermal circulation loop to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system 1 to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7.

[0038] Furthermore, the hydrothermal management method includes: when the fuel cell system 1 is cold started, controlling the hydrothermal circulation loop to transfer the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module 7 to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 .

[0039] The present invention also provides a fuel cell system 1, which includes the water thermal management system as described above.

[0040] From the above description of the specific embodiments, it can be known that the hydrothermal management system provided by the present invention includes a solid-state hydrogen storage module 6, a phase change heat storage module 7 and a hydrothermal circulation loop. The solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 is configured as a hydrogen supply source for the fuel cell system 1 so as to absorb heat and release hydrogen. The phase change heat storage module 7 is configured to store part of the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 1. The hydrothermal circulation loop is configured to: transfer the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 1 to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 and the phase change heat storage module 7, and transfer the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module 7 to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6; in this way, the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 1 can be transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 6 for utilization and to the phase change heat storage module 7 for storage, thereby improving the heat utilization rate and reducing the heat dissipation power and operating noise of the heat dissipation components.

[0041] The present invention is described by several specific embodiments, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and equivalent substitutions may be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, various modifications may be made to the present invention for specific situations or specific circumstances without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but should include all implementation methods falling within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water thermal management system for thermal management of a fuel cell system, characterized in that: The water thermal management system comprises: A solid-state hydrogen storage module configured as a hydrogen supply source for the fuel cell system so as to be able to absorb heat and release hydrogen; a phase change heat storage module configured to store a portion of the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system; and The hydrothermal circulation loop is configured to: transfer the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system to the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase-change heat storage module, and to transfer the heat stored in the phase-change heat storage module to the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

2. The water thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water thermal management system includes a heat exchanger, and the water thermal circulation loop includes a heat dissipation loop and a heat absorption loop for performing heat exchange in the heat exchanger, wherein the heat dissipation loop is used to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system to the heat exchanger, and the heat absorption loop is used to transfer the heat at the heat exchanger to the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module.

3. The water thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, the heat dissipation circuit and the heat absorption circuit are thermally connected, and the liquids circulating in the heat dissipation circuit and the heat absorption circuit are not connected to each other.

4. The water thermal management system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase-change heat storage module are arranged in parallel, and the hydrothermal circulation loop includes a controllable valve, which is configured to distribute the heat transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the heat transferred to the phase-change heat storage module.

5. The water thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The controllable valve is a three-way valve, and two outlets of the three-way valve are respectively connected to the water heat pipelines flowing through the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module.

6. The water thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat dissipation circuit is provided with a heat dissipation module, and the heat dissipation module comprises a radiator and a fan.

7. The water thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat dissipation circuit is provided with a first water pump, and the heat absorption circuit is provided with a second water pump.

8. A hydrothermal management method, characterized in that: For use in the hydrothermal management system according to claim 1, the hydrothermal management method comprises: When the fuel cell system operates under low load conditions, the water-heat circulation loop is controlled to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system to the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the water-heat circulation loop is controlled not to transfer heat to the phase change heat storage module; When the fuel cell system operates under high load conditions, the water heat circulation loop is controlled to transfer the heat of the fuel cell system to the solid hydrogen storage module and the phase change heat storage module.

9. The hydrothermal management method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hydrothermal management method includes: when the fuel cell system is cold started, controlling the hydrothermal circulation loop to transfer the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module to the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

10. A fuel cell system, characterized in that: Comprising a water thermal management system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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