Consistency evaluation index construction system and method for QKD protocol of transformer substation

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a substation-oriented QKD protocol consistency evaluation index construction system and method, and belongs to the technical field of quantum communication. The system comprises a data acquisition module used for acquiring data required by evaluation from a quantum encryption communication system; the light source safety evaluation module is used for evaluating the safety of the light source; the detection safety evaluation module is used for evaluating the safety of the detector, including evaluation of detection efficiency and dark count rate indexes; the decoy state protocol conformity evaluation module is used for evaluating the conformity of the decoy state protocol, including evaluation of quantum bit error rate and counting rate indexes; and the overall evaluation score calculation module is used for integrating all evaluation indexes and calculating overall safety and performance evaluation scores through a weighting method. According to the system, the overall safety score of the quantum encryption communication system of the transformer substation can be evaluated by comprehensively evaluating key parameters such as light source safety, detection safety and decoy protocol conformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum communication technology, and in particular to a system and method for constructing a QKD protocol consistency evaluation index for a substation. Background Art

[0002] With the transformation of substations towards digitalization and intelligence, the security of communication systems has become a crucial issue. The operational safety of substations is not only related to the stability of power supply, but also directly affects the safety and economic benefits of the national power grid. In this context, it is particularly important to ensure the security of transmitted data, especially the confidentiality and integrity of control signals and operating data. Quantum encryption technology, especially quantum key distribution (QKD), provides a secure communication method that is theoretically unbreakable. This technology uses the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the uncertainty principle and quantum entanglement, to ensure the secure distribution of keys and the absolute security of communication. In recent years, quantum encryption technology has begun to be used in the commercial and defense fields, but its application in critical infrastructure such as substations is still in its infancy. Although quantum encryption technology is theoretically secure, in actual deployment and operation, the specific components of the system, such as light sources, detectors, and the physical implementation of the entire quantum channel, may be affected by many factors, thereby affecting the overall security and efficiency of the system. In addition, most of the existing evaluation methods are not optimized for the specific environment of substations, and cannot provide a comprehensive and targeted security evaluation. Therefore, a system and method for constructing consistency evaluation indicators for QKD protocols for substations is needed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a system and method for constructing a QKD protocol consistency evaluation index for a substation. The system can evaluate the overall security score of the substation quantum encryption communication system by comprehensively evaluating key parameters such as light source security, detection security, and compliance with the deception protocol.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for constructing a QKD protocol consistency evaluation index for a substation, the system comprising:

[0005] A data acquisition module is responsible for acquiring data required for evaluation from the quantum encryption communication system, wherein the data include single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate and count rate;

[0006] Light source safety assessment module, used to assess the safety of light sources, including assessment of single-photon source intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, and quantum state intensity consistency indicators;

[0007] Detection safety assessment module, used to assess the safety of the detector, including the assessment of detection efficiency and dark count rate indicators;

[0008] The decoy state protocol compliance evaluation module is used to evaluate the compliance of the decoy state protocol, including evaluating the quantum bit error rate and counting rate indicators;

[0009] The overall evaluation score calculation module integrates all evaluation indicators and calculates the overall security and performance evaluation scores through a weighted method.

[0010] Optionally, the light source safety assessment module is used to assess the safety of the light source, including assessing the single-photon source light intensity, the single-photon source pulse frequency and the quantum state light intensity consistency index, including:

[0011] For single-photon source light intensity, when the deviation between the actual light intensity and the target light intensity value is within 5%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 5% to 10%, the score is 80 points, when the deviation is within 10% to 20%, the score is 60 points, and when the deviation exceeds 20%, the score is 40 points;

[0012] For the single photon source pulse frequency, when the measured actual frequency is consistent with the target pulse frequency, the score is 100 points, when the deviation between the actual frequency and the target pulse frequency is within 2%, the score is 90 points, when the deviation is within 2% to 5%, the score is 70 points, and when the deviation exceeds 5%, the score is 50 points;

[0013] For the consistency of quantum state light intensity, when the deviation of all quantum state light intensities is within 3%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 3% to 10%, the score is 80 points, and when the deviation exceeds 10%, the score is 50 points.

[0014] Optional, detection safety assessment module, used to assess the safety of the detector, including assessment of detection efficiency and dark count rate indicators, including:

[0015] For detection efficiency, when the deviation between the actual detection efficiency and the target detection efficiency is within 5%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 5% to 15%, the score is 75 points, and when the deviation is more than 15%, the score is 50 points;

[0016] For the dark count rate, when the measured dark count rate is within the maximum acceptable dark count rate range, the score is 100 points; when the measured dark count rate is between the maximum acceptable dark count rate and 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 70 points; when the measured dark count rate exceeds 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 40 points.

[0017] Optional, a decoyed state protocol compliance assessment module, used to assess compliance of the decoyed state protocol, including assessing qubit error rate and count rate metrics, including:

[0018] For the quantum bit bit error rate, when the measured bit error rate is within the range of the maximum bit error rate, the score is 100 points; when the measured bit error rate is between the maximum bit error rate and 1.1 times the bit error rate, the score is 80 points; when the measured bit error rate is greater than 1.1 times the maximum bit error rate, the score is 50 points;

[0019] For count rate, a score of 100 points is awarded when the measured count rate is within 10% of the target count rate, 75 points when the deviation is between 10% and 20%, and 50 points when the deviation exceeds 20%.

[0020] Optional, overall evaluation score calculation module, which integrates all evaluation indicators and calculates the overall security and performance evaluation score through a weighted method, including:

[0021] Get all evaluation metrics;

[0022] Setting a weight for each of the evaluation indicators and obtaining a score for the evaluation indicator;

[0023] The overall score is calculated according to formula (1):

[0024]

[0025] Among them, w i is the weight of the evaluation index, s i is the score of the evaluation indicator, n is the total number of evaluation indicators, S is the overall score, and i is the parameter marking the evaluation indicator;

[0026] The consistency of the QKD protocol for substations is evaluated based on the overall score.

[0027] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for constructing a QKD protocol consistency evaluation index for a substation, the method comprising:

[0028] Acquire data required for evaluation from a quantum encryption communication system, the data including single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate, and count rate;

[0029] Preprocessing the data to obtain data that meets the requirements;

[0030] Evaluate single photon source intensity, single photon source pulse frequency and quantum state intensity consistency indicators;

[0031] Evaluate detection efficiency and dark count rate metrics;

[0032] Evaluate qubit error rate and count rate metrics;

[0033] All evaluation indicators are combined and the overall security and performance evaluation scores are calculated using a weighted method.

[0034] Optionally, the evaluation indexes for single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency and quantum state light intensity consistency include:

[0035] For single-photon source light intensity, when the deviation between the actual light intensity and the target light intensity value is within 5%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 5% to 10%, the score is 80 points, when the deviation is within 10% to 20%, the score is 60 points, and when the deviation exceeds 20%, the score is 40 points;

[0036] For the single photon source pulse frequency, when the measured actual frequency is consistent with the target pulse frequency, the score is 100 points, when the deviation between the actual frequency and the target pulse frequency is within 2%, the score is 90 points, when the deviation is within 2% to 5%, the score is 70 points, and when the deviation exceeds 5%, the score is 50 points;

[0037] For the consistency of quantum state light intensity, when the deviation of all quantum state light intensities is within 3%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 3% to 10%, the score is 80 points, and when the deviation exceeds 10%, the score is 50 points.

[0038] Optionally, the indicators for evaluating detection efficiency and dark count rate include:

[0039] For detection efficiency, when the deviation between the actual detection efficiency and the target detection efficiency is within 5%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 5% to 15%, the score is 75 points, and when the deviation is more than 15%, the score is 50 points;

[0040] For the dark count rate, when the measured dark count rate is within the maximum acceptable dark count rate range, the score is 100 points; when the measured dark count rate is between the maximum acceptable dark count rate and 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 70 points; when the measured dark count rate exceeds 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 40 points.

[0041] Optionally, the evaluation of quantum bit error rate and count rate indicators includes:

[0042] For the quantum bit bit error rate, when the measured bit error rate is within the range of the maximum bit error rate, the score is 100 points; when the measured bit error rate is between the maximum bit error rate and 1.1 times the bit error rate, the score is 80 points; when the measured bit error rate is greater than 1.1 times the maximum bit error rate, the score is 50 points;

[0043] For count rate, a score of 100 points is awarded when the measured count rate is within 10% of the target count rate, 75 points when the deviation is between 10% and 20%, and 50 points when the deviation exceeds 20%.

[0044] Optionally, the comprehensive evaluation indicators and the calculation of the overall security and performance evaluation score by a weighted method include:

[0045] Get all evaluation metrics;

[0046] Setting a weight for each of the evaluation indicators and obtaining a score for the evaluation indicator;

[0047] The overall score is calculated according to formula (1):

[0048]

[0049] Among them, w i is the weight of the evaluation index, s i is the score of the evaluation indicator, n is the total number of evaluation indicators, S is the overall score, and i is the parameter marking the evaluation indicator;

[0050] The consistency of the QKD protocol for substations is evaluated based on the overall score.

[0051] Through the above technical solution, the present invention provides a system and method for constructing a QKD protocol consistency evaluation index for a substation, the system includes a data acquisition module, which is responsible for obtaining the data required for evaluation from the quantum encryption communication system, and the data may include single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate and count rate, etc. The light source security evaluation module can be used to evaluate the security of the light source. The detection security evaluation module can be used to evaluate the security of the detector. The decoy state protocol compliance evaluation module can be used to evaluate the compliance of the decoy state protocol. The overall evaluation score calculation module can comprehensively calculate the overall security and performance evaluation scores through a weighted system by combining the above evaluation indicators. The system can discover potential security vulnerabilities by evaluating indicators such as light source security, detection security and decoy state protocol compliance to improve the security of digital substation communications.

[0052] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific implementations, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0054] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for constructing a consistency evaluation index of a QKD protocol for a substation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a method for constructing consistency evaluation indicators of a QKD protocol for a substation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Reference numerals:

[0057] 1. Data acquisition module 2. Light source safety assessment module

[0058] 3. Detection security assessment module 4. Decoy protocol compliance assessment module

[0059] 5. Overall evaluation score calculation module 6. Result display module DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a system for constructing a QKD protocol consistency evaluation index for a substation according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present invention, the system may include: a data acquisition module 1, a light source safety evaluation module 2, a detection safety evaluation module 3, a decoy state protocol compliance evaluation module 4, an overall evaluation score calculation module 5 and a result display module 6. In the quantum encryption communication system of the substation, QKD protocol consistency is the core part to ensure the security and reliability of the entire system. The environment of the substation is usually complex and changeable, including electromagnetic interference, temperature fluctuations and mechanical vibrations, all of which may affect the performance and stability of the light source. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a strict evaluation of the QKD protocol consistency. The substation QKD protocol consistency evaluation includes: light source safety evaluation, detection safety evaluation, and decoy state protocol compliance evaluation.

[0062] The current light source safety assessment mainly includes the challenges of environmental factors and the technical requirements for light sources. The challenges of environmental factors include the high intensity of electromagnetic interference that may exist inside the substation, which poses a challenge to the stable output of the light source and the consistency of the quantum state; temperature fluctuations can affect the emission efficiency and wavelength stability of the light source, thereby affecting the quality of quantum key distribution; mechanical vibrations may cause alignment problems of the light source, further affecting the light intensity and pulse accuracy. The technical requirements for the light source are mainly: the light source needs to be able to generate high-quality single photons or weak light pulses to meet the needs of quantum key distribution; the light source should have a high pulse repetition frequency and stable output to support high-speed quantum communication; in order to maintain the concealment and security of quantum communication, the light intensity consistency of the light source must be strictly controlled.

[0063] The environmental factors that affect the detection safety assessment mainly include: the strong electromagnetic field inside the substation may affect the electronic components of the detector, causing detection errors or equipment failures, which has a direct impact on the detection efficiency and dark count rate; the performance of the detector is greatly affected by temperature, and temperature fluctuations can lead to changes in detection efficiency or an increase in dark count rate, which in turn affects the reliability of the entire quantum communication; mechanical vibrations may affect the physical structure of the detector and its response to photons, especially in precise quantum measurements. Therefore, in order to ensure the effectiveness and security of quantum key distribution, the detector needs to have high detection efficiency to accurately record each quantum state; the dark count rate is an important indicator for evaluating the background noise of the detector. A low dark count rate helps reduce the error rate and increase the security of quantum communication; the detector must have the ability to operate stably for a long time in the complex environment of the substation.

[0064] In the quantum encryption communication system of the substation, the use of the decoy state protocol is an effective strategy to improve the system's resistance to potential attackers. This protocol detects and obstructs potential eavesdropping activities by sending quantum states of multiple light intensities (including real and decoy quantum states). For substations in high-risk environments, it is crucial to evaluate the compliance of the decoy state protocol to ensure the security and integrity of the entire quantum communication system. The quantum communication system of the substation faces high-risk security threats, including advanced persistent threats (APT) and physical intrusion. This requires the system to be not only technologically advanced, but also able to maintain defense against continuous attack attempts. The physical and electromagnetic environment of the substation is complex and changeable, which may affect the stability of the quantum state and the effectiveness of the decoy state signal. Therefore, it is also extremely important to ensure the correct implementation and adjustment of the protocol.

[0065] When the system is evaluated, the data acquisition module 1 can be used to be responsible for re-acquiring the data required for the evaluation from the quantum encryption communication system. These data may include single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate and count rate, etc. After obtaining the data, the light source safety assessment module can evaluate the safety of the light source, including evaluating the indicators of single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency and quantum state light intensity consistency. The detection safety performance evaluation module 3 can evaluate the safety of the detector, including indicators that can evaluate the detection efficiency and dark count rate. The decoy state protocol compliance assessment module 4 can evaluate the compliance of the decoy state protocol, including indicators that can evaluate the quantum bit error rate and count rate. After evaluating all the data to obtain the evaluation indicators, the overall evaluation score calculation module can integrate all the evaluation indicators, and can calculate the overall security and performance evaluation scores by weighted methods. After evaluating all the data and the overall, the result display module can display the evaluation results in a visual way, including various evaluation indicators and the overall evaluation score. The system can detect potential security vulnerabilities by evaluating indicators such as light source safety, detection safety and compliance with decoy protocols to improve the security of digital substation communications.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the light source security assessment module 2 assesses the security of the light source, it can assess indicators such as the single-photon source intensity, the single-photon source pulse frequency, and the consistency of the quantum state intensity. Correctly assessing the intensity of a single-photon source is crucial to the security of quantum key distribution. Unstable or inconsistent light intensity may be exploited by potential attackers and pose a threat to the security of quantum communication. Therefore, when evaluating the intensity of a single-photon source, when the deviation between the actual intensity and the target intensity value is within 5%, the score is 100 points; when the deviation is within 5% to 10%, the score is 80 points; when the deviation is within 10% to 20%, the score is 60; when the deviation exceeds 20%, the score is 40 points, and the higher the score, the better. High pulse frequency supports high data transmission rate, which is the key to the high efficiency of quantum communication. Frequency stability directly affects the continuity and security of key distribution. Therefore, when evaluating the pulse rate of a single photon source, when the measured actual frequency is consistent with the target pulse frequency, the score is 100 points; when the deviation between the actual frequency and the target pulse frequency is within 2%, the score is 90 points; when the deviation is within 2% to 5%, the score is 70 points; when the deviation exceeds 5%, the score is 50 points. Maintaining the consistency of light intensity between different quantum states is very important to ensure that quantum communication systems are not detected and interfered with. Any fluctuation in light intensity may be used as a channel for information leakage. Therefore, when evaluating the consistency of quantum state light intensity, when the deviation of all quantum state light intensities is within 3%, the score is 100 points; when the deviation is within 3% to 10%, the score is 80 points; when the deviation exceeds 10%, the score is 50 points.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, the detection security assessment module 3 can assess the security of the detector, including the assessment of indicators such as detection efficiency and dark count rate. It is very important to assess the efficiency of the detector when receiving quantum signals. High detection efficiency ensures that the information of each photon in quantum key distribution is effectively recorded, thereby improving the security and reliability of the entire system. Therefore, when evaluating the detection efficiency, when the deviation between the actual detection efficiency and the target detection efficiency is within 5%, the score is 100 points; when the deviation is within 5% to 15%, the score is 75 points; when the deviation is above 15%, the score is 50 points. A low dark count rate means that the probability of the detector being falsely triggered when no signal is received is low, which is very critical for reducing errors in quantum communication. Especially in a substation environment with extremely high security requirements, controlling the dark count rate is an important factor in ensuring that communication is not interfered with. Therefore, when evaluating the dark count rate, when the measured dark count rate is within the maximum acceptable dark count rate range, the score is 100 points; when the measured dark count rate is between the maximum acceptable dark count rate and 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 70 points; when the measured dark count rate exceeds 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 40 points.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the entrapped state protocol compliance assessment module 4 can assess the compliance of the entrapped state protocol, including the assessment of indicators such as the quantum bit error rate and the counting rate. The bit error rate is an important indicator for measuring the quality of quantum communication. In a system using the entrapped state protocol, it is key to maintain a low bit error rate because a high bit error rate may indicate potential security issues or technical failures. Therefore, when evaluating the quantum bit bit error rate, when the measured bit error rate is within the range of the maximum bit error rate, the score is 100 points; when the measured bit error rate is between the maximum bit error rate and 1.1 times the bit error rate, the score is 80 points; when the measured bit error rate is greater than 1.1 times the maximum bit error rate, the score is 50 points. The measurement of the counting rate provides an intuitive understanding of the quality of the communication channel and the efficiency of the protocol. In the entrapped state protocol, the effective counting rate helps ensure that various quantum states are correctly classified and utilized, thereby improving the security of the entire system. Therefore, when evaluating the count rate, a score of 100 points is given when the measured count rate is within 10% of the target count rate; a score of 75 points is given when the deviation is between 10% and 20%; and a score of 50 points is given when the deviation exceeds 20%.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the overall evaluation score calculation module 5 can combine the above-mentioned evaluation indicators and calculate the overall security and performance evaluation scores through a weighted system. The distribution of weights is adjusted according to the specific needs and security requirements of the substation quantum communication system. For example, if the environment of a substation has extremely high requirements for detection efficiency, then a higher weight can be given to detection security when calculating the total score. When performing performance evaluation, all evaluation indicators can be obtained first, and then the weight of each evaluation indicator can be set and the score of the evaluation indicator can be obtained. Then, the overall score can be calculated according to formula (1):

[0070]

[0071] Among them, w i is the weight of the evaluation index, s i is the score of the evaluation indicator, n is the total number of evaluation indicators, S is the overall score, and i is the parameter for marking the evaluation indicator. When calculating the overall score, it is necessary to ensure that all weights add up to 1, where the weights of light source security and detection security can be 0.35, and the weight of decoy state protocol compliance can be 0.3. After obtaining the overall score, the consistency of the QKD protocol for substations can be evaluated based on the overall score. The higher the overall score, the better the security of the system.

[0072] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for constructing a consistency evaluation index for a substation QKD protocol, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method may include:

[0073] In step S1, data required for evaluation are obtained from the quantum encryption communication system, including single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate and count rate.

[0074] In step S2, the data is preprocessed to obtain data that meets the requirements.

[0075] In step S3, the single-photon source light intensity, the single-photon source pulse frequency and the quantum state light intensity consistency index are evaluated.

[0076] In step S4, the detection efficiency and dark count rate indicators are evaluated.

[0077] In step S5, the quantum bit error rate and count rate indicators are evaluated.

[0078] In step S6, all evaluation indicators are integrated and the overall security and performance evaluation scores are calculated by a weighted method.

[0079] In the present invention, when evaluating the consistency of the QKD protocol of the substation, the data required for the evaluation can be first obtained from the quantum encryption communication system. The data may include single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate and count rate. After obtaining the data, the obtained data can be preprocessed so that data that meets the requirements can be obtained. After obtaining data that meets the requirements, indicators such as single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency and quantum state light intensity consistency can be evaluated, indicators such as detection efficiency and dark count rate can be evaluated, and indicators such as quantum bit error rate and count rate can also be evaluated. After obtaining the above-mentioned indicator evaluation, all evaluation indicators can be combined, and the overall security and performance evaluation scores can be calculated by weighted methods.

[0080] In one embodiment of the present invention, correctly evaluating the light intensity of a single photon source is crucial to the security of quantum key distribution. Unstable or inconsistent light intensity may be exploited by potential attackers and pose a threat to the security of quantum communication. Therefore, when evaluating the light intensity of a single photon source, when the deviation between the actual light intensity and the target light intensity value is within 5%, the score is 100 points; when the deviation is within 5% to 10%, the score is 80 points; when the deviation is within 10% to 20%, the score is 60; when the deviation exceeds 20%, the score is 40 points, and the higher the score, the better. High pulse frequency supports high data transmission rate and is the key to the high efficiency of quantum communication. The stability of frequency directly affects the continuity and security of key distribution. Therefore, when evaluating the pulse rate of a single photon source, when the measured actual frequency is consistent with the target pulse frequency, the score is 100 points; when the deviation between the actual frequency and the target pulse frequency is within 2%, the score is 90 points; when the deviation is within 2% to 5%, the score is 70 points; when the deviation exceeds 5%, the score is 50 points. Maintaining the consistency of light intensity between different quantum states is very important to ensure that quantum communication systems are not detected and interfered with. Any fluctuation in light intensity may be used as a channel for information leakage, so when evaluating the consistency of quantum state light intensity, when the deviation of all quantum state light intensities is within 3%, the score is 100 points; when the deviation is within 3% to 10%, the score is 80 points; when the deviation exceeds 10%, the score is 50 points.

[0081] In one embodiment of the present invention, it is crucial to evaluate the efficiency of the detector when receiving quantum signals. High detection efficiency ensures that the information of each photon in quantum key distribution is effectively recorded, thereby improving the security and reliability of the entire system. Therefore, when evaluating the detection efficiency, when the deviation between the actual detection efficiency and the target detection efficiency is within 5%, the score is 100 points; when the deviation is within 5% to 15%, the score is 75 points; when the deviation is above 15%, the score is 50 points. A low dark count rate means that the probability of the detector being falsely triggered when no signal is received is low, which is very critical for reducing errors in quantum communication. Especially in a substation environment with extremely high security requirements, controlling the dark count rate is an important factor in ensuring that communication is not interfered with. Therefore, when evaluating the dark count rate, when the measured dark count rate is within the maximum acceptable dark count rate range, the score is 100 points; when the measured dark count rate is between the maximum acceptable dark count rate and 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 70 points; when the measured dark count rate exceeds 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 40 points.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bit error rate is an important indicator for measuring the quality of quantum communication. In a system using a decoy state protocol, it is key to maintain a low bit error rate because a high bit error rate may indicate a potential security problem or technical failure. Therefore, when evaluating the quantum bit bit error rate, the score is 100 points when the measured bit error rate is within the range of the maximum bit error rate; the score is 80 points when the measured bit error rate is between the maximum bit error rate and 1.1 times the bit error rate; the score is 50 points when the measured bit error rate is greater than 1.1 times the maximum bit error rate. The measurement of the counting rate provides an intuitive understanding of the quality of the communication channel and the efficiency of the protocol. In the decoy state protocol, the effective counting rate helps ensure that various quantum states are correctly classified and utilized, thereby improving the security of the entire system. Therefore, when evaluating the counting rate, when the deviation between the measured counting rate and the target counting rate is within 10%, the score is 100 points; when the deviation is between 10% and 20%, the score is 75 points; when the deviation exceeds 20%, the score is 50 points.

[0083] In one embodiment of the present invention, when performing performance evaluation, all evaluation indicators can be obtained first, and then the weight of each evaluation indicator can be set and the score of each evaluation indicator can be obtained, and then the overall score can be calculated according to formula (1):

[0084]

[0085] Among them, w i is the weight of the evaluation index, s i is the score of the evaluation indicator, n is the total number of evaluation indicators, S is the overall score, and i is the parameter for marking the evaluation indicator. When calculating the overall score, it is necessary to ensure that all weights add up to 1, where the weights of light source security and detection security can be 0.35, and the weight of decoy state protocol compliance can be 0.3. After obtaining the overall score, the consistency of the QKD protocol for substations can be evaluated based on the overall score. The higher the overall score, the better the security of the system.

[0086] Through the above technical solution, the present invention provides a system and method for constructing a QKD protocol consistency evaluation index for a substation, the system includes a data acquisition module, which is responsible for obtaining the data required for evaluation from the quantum encryption communication system, and the data may include single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate and count rate, etc. The light source security evaluation module can be used to evaluate the security of the light source. The detection security evaluation module can be used to evaluate the security of the detector. The decoy state protocol compliance evaluation module can be used to evaluate the compliance of the decoy state protocol. The overall evaluation score calculation module can comprehensively calculate the overall security and performance evaluation scores through a weighted system by combining the above evaluation indicators. The system can discover potential security vulnerabilities by evaluating indicators such as light source security, detection security and decoy state protocol compliance to improve the security of digital substation communications.

[0087] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0088] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0089] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0090] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0091] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0092] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0093] Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0094] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0095] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for constructing consistency evaluation indicators of QKD protocol for substations, characterized in that: The system comprises: A data acquisition module is responsible for acquiring data required for evaluation from the quantum encryption communication system, wherein the data include single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate and count rate; Light source safety assessment module, used to assess the safety of light sources, including assessment of single-photon source intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, and quantum state intensity consistency indicators; Detection safety assessment module, used to assess the safety of the detector, including the assessment of detection efficiency and dark count rate indicators; The decoy state protocol compliance evaluation module is used to evaluate the compliance of the decoy state protocol, including evaluating the quantum bit error rate and counting rate indicators; The overall evaluation score calculation module integrates all evaluation indicators and calculates the overall security and performance evaluation scores through a weighted method.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The light source safety assessment module is used to assess the safety of the light source, including assessing the single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency and quantum state light intensity consistency index, including: For single-photon source light intensity, when the deviation between the actual light intensity and the target light intensity value is within 5%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 5% to 10%, the score is 80 points, when the deviation is within 10% to 20%, the score is 60 points, and when the deviation exceeds 20%, the score is 40 points; For the single photon source pulse frequency, when the measured actual frequency is consistent with the target pulse frequency, the score is 100 points, when the deviation between the actual frequency and the target pulse frequency is within 2%, the score is 90 points, when the deviation is within 2% to 5%, the score is 70 points, and when the deviation exceeds 5%, the score is 50 points; For the consistency of quantum state light intensity, when the deviation of all quantum state light intensities is within 3%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 3% to 10%, the score is 80 points, and when the deviation exceeds 10%, the score is 50 points.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The detection safety assessment module is used to assess the safety of the detector, including the detection efficiency and dark count rate indicators, including: For detection efficiency, when the deviation between the actual detection efficiency and the target detection efficiency is within 5%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 5% to 15%, the score is 75 points, and when the deviation is more than 15%, the score is 50 points; For the dark count rate, when the measured dark count rate is within the maximum acceptable dark count rate range, the score is 100 points; when the measured dark count rate is between the maximum acceptable dark count rate and 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 70 points; when the measured dark count rate exceeds 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 40 points.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The decoy state protocol compliance assessment module is used to evaluate the compliance of the decoy state protocol, including the evaluation of the quantum bit error rate and count rate indicators, including: For the quantum bit bit error rate, when the measured bit error rate is within the range of the maximum bit error rate, the score is 100 points; when the measured bit error rate is between the maximum bit error rate and 1.1 times the bit error rate, the score is 80 points; when the measured bit error rate is greater than 1.1 times the maximum bit error rate, the score is 50 points; For count rate, a score of 100 points is awarded when the measured count rate is within 10% of the target count rate, 75 points when the deviation is between 10% and 20%, and 50 points when the deviation exceeds 20%.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The overall evaluation score calculation module integrates all evaluation indicators and calculates the overall security and performance evaluation scores through a weighted method, including: Get all evaluation metrics; Setting a weight for each of the evaluation indicators and obtaining a score for the evaluation indicator; The overall score is calculated according to formula (1): Among them, w i is the weight of the evaluation index, s i is the score of the evaluation indicator, n is the total number of evaluation indicators, S is the overall score, and i is the parameter marking the evaluation indicator; The consistency of the QKD protocol for substations is evaluated based on the overall score.

6. A method for constructing consistency evaluation indicators for QKD protocols for substations, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquire data required for evaluation from a quantum encryption communication system, the data including single-photon source light intensity, single-photon source pulse frequency, quantum state light intensity consistency, detection efficiency, dark count rate, quantum bit error rate, and count rate; Preprocessing the data to obtain data that meets the requirements; Evaluate single photon source intensity, single photon source pulse frequency and quantum state intensity consistency indicators; Evaluate detection efficiency and dark count rate metrics; Evaluate qubit error rate and count rate metrics; All evaluation indicators are combined and the overall security and performance evaluation scores are calculated using a weighted method.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The evaluation indicators of single photon source light intensity, single photon source pulse frequency and quantum state light intensity consistency include: For single-photon source light intensity, when the deviation between the actual light intensity and the target light intensity value is within 5%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 5% to 10%, the score is 80 points, when the deviation is within 10% to 20%, the score is 60 points, and when the deviation exceeds 20%, the score is 40 points; For the single photon source pulse frequency, when the measured actual frequency is consistent with the target pulse frequency, the score is 100 points, when the deviation between the actual frequency and the target pulse frequency is within 2%, the score is 90 points, when the deviation is within 2% to 5%, the score is 70 points, and when the deviation exceeds 5%, the score is 50 points; For the consistency of quantum state light intensity, when the deviation of all quantum state light intensities is within 3%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 3% to 10%, the score is 80 points, and when the deviation exceeds 10%, the score is 50 points.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The indicators for evaluating detection efficiency and dark count rate include: For detection efficiency, when the deviation between the actual detection efficiency and the target detection efficiency is within 5%, the score is 100 points, when the deviation is within 5% to 15%, the score is 75 points, and when the deviation is more than 15%, the score is 50 points; For the dark count rate, when the measured dark count rate is within the maximum acceptable dark count rate range, the score is 100 points; when the measured dark count rate is between the maximum acceptable dark count rate and 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 70 points; when the measured dark count rate exceeds 1.2 times the maximum acceptable dark count rate, the score is 40 points.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The indicators for evaluating the quantum bit error rate and counting rate include: For the quantum bit bit error rate, when the measured bit error rate is within the range of the maximum bit error rate, the score is 100 points; when the measured bit error rate is between the maximum bit error rate and 1.1 times the bit error rate, the score is 80 points; when the measured bit error rate is greater than 1.1 times the maximum bit error rate, the score is 50 points; For count rate, a score of 100 points is awarded when the measured count rate is within 10% of the target count rate, 75 points when the deviation is between 10% and 20%, and 50 points when the deviation exceeds 20%.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The comprehensive evaluation indicators and the weighted method to calculate the overall security and performance evaluation scores include: Get all evaluation metrics; Setting a weight for each of the evaluation indicators and obtaining a score for the evaluation indicator; The overall score is calculated according to formula (1): Among them, w i is the weight of the evaluation index, s i is the score of the evaluation indicator, n is the total number of evaluation indicators, S is the overall score, and i is the parameter marking the evaluation indicator; The consistency of the QKD protocol for substations is evaluated based on the overall score.

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