Method for controlling growth vigor and promoting new branches of spindle-shaped pear tree first-level branches

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling growth vigor and promoting new branches of spindle-shaped pear tree first-level branches, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The problem that existing fusiform pear tree first-level branches are not prone to branching when updated is solved. According to the method, the growth vigor of the branches is controlled at the base parts of the primary branches to be updated in a wound sawing mode, new branches are promoted by further smearing cytokinin 6-BA, the branching rate is remarkably increased, the growth vigor is effectively controlled, branch breakage is not likely to be caused, the yield of a single branch is not affected, and the method has the advantages of being low in cost, simple and easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for controlling the growth of primary branches of a spindle-shaped pear tree and promoting the growth of new branches, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. Background Art

[0002] The spindle-shaped cultivation is an efficient and simplified tree shape in pear production. It not only has more than 20 primary branches, but also abundant fruiting branches and strong early high yield. Due to the small crown width of the tree, it is also convenient for mechanized operation and the production of high-quality fruit. It has been widely used in pear production across the country. For example, Song Qingke, Li Gangbo and others published an article on the improved spindle-shaped shaping and pruning technology of Sucui No. 1 pear in the Chinese Fruit Tree Magazine, which recorded that the tree shaping technology is simple, easy to master, easy to manage, and has a high rate of high-quality fruit. At present, it has been promoted and applied in many regions, and has significant advantages in light simplification, labor saving, and quality improvement, and has achieved good promotion results.

[0003] The pear spindle cultivation is a pattern of many first-level branches bearing fruit. The tree body is strong and upright, with 18 to 20 first-level branches evenly distributed in a spiral on the central trunk. The first-level branches growing on the central trunk are the main fruiting branch group, and the second-level branches are supplementary. The first-level branches of 2 to 6 years old are the main fruiting branches. In the cultivation of pear trees, the thickness of the branches is an important indicator, which is directly related to the structure of the tree shape and the health of the tree. When the thickness of the first-level branches reaches or even exceeds 1 / 3 of the thickness of the central trunk, it means that the growth of the branches is too vigorous, which will affect the overall structure of the tree shape and the growth balance of the tree. At this time, it is necessary to update and prune in time. It is a very necessary technical means. At present, the production usually adopts the method of sawing off from the base of the first-level branches. This operation directly causes the yield of this old pear tree to lose more than 5 kilograms per plant, and it is often difficult to sprout new buds at the sawing mouth. This is also closely related to the large number of spindle-shaped first-level branches and the fierce competition for nutrients, which is not conducive to branching. It will affect the overall increase of the yield of a single plant for many consecutive years. Therefore, it has become a technical problem often encountered in the production of pear spindles. Summary of the invention

[0004] Aiming at the above problems existing in the prior art of controlling the growth of primary branches of spindle-shaped pear trees and promoting the growth of new buds, the present invention provides a method for controlling the growth of primary branches of spindle-shaped pear trees and promoting the growth of new branches.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0006] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the growth of primary branches of a pear tree and promoting the growth of new branches, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Selection of primary branches to be treated: Select the primary branches on the central trunk that are bald, have serious outward movement of the fruiting part, or have weak growth that affects fruiting, or have a thickness that reaches or exceeds 1 / 3 of the central trunk thickness as the primary branches to be treated;

[0008] (2) Saw wound treatment: During winter pruning or before budding in spring, the first-level branches to be treated selected in step (1) are subjected to saw wound treatment;

[0009] (3) 6-BA treatment: When the flower buds at the top of the first-level branches to be treated begin to sprout, apply 6-BA diluted solution to the lower part of the first-level branches to be treated; and when the new branches grow to a length of 20 to 30 cm, apply 6-BA diluted solution to the top of the new branches.

[0010] Further defined, (2) the method for treating saw wounds is: use a fine-toothed saw to make a first sawing cut at an angle inwards at a position just below the base of the first-level branch to be treated, 10 cm from the center trunk, until the saw penetrates into the middle of the wood of the branch trunk, then use the first sawing depth as the wound width to determine the second sawing position, and use a fine-toothed saw to make a second sawing cut at an angle inwards until it connects with the end of the first sawing wound, remove the cut wood block to form a triangular wound, and apply a healing agent to the wound in a comprehensive and detailed manner.

[0011] It is further defined that the direction of the first sawing is: keeping the plane of the fine-tooth saw and the plane of the trunk of the first-level branch to be processed at an angle greater than 0° and less than 90° toward the center trunk.

[0012] It is further defined that the direction of the first sawing is: keeping the plane of the fine-tooth saw and the plane of the trunk of the first-level branch to be processed at an angle of 60° toward the center trunk.

[0013] Further defined, the method of applying 6-BA to the lower part of the first-level branch to be treated in (3) is: within a circular area with a radius of 10 cm just below the lower part of the first-level branch to be treated near the base, scrape off the old peel to expose the fresh bark, and use a cotton swab or brush dipped in the 6BA diluted solution to apply it evenly.

[0014] Further specified, the method of applying 6-BA to the lower part of the first-level branch to be treated in (3) is: if the first-level branch to be treated has a smooth gray-white bark, use a fine-tooth saw to horizontally carve 1 to 2 saw marks within a 10 cm radius circular area just below the lower part of the first-level branch to be treated near the base, deep into the wood, and use a cotton swab or brush dipped in 6BA diluted solution to evenly apply it.

[0015] It is further defined that the concentration of 6-BA dilution in (3) is 350 mg / L.

[0016] The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the growth of primary branches of a spindle-shaped pear tree and promoting the growth of new branches. Specifically, the method is used to control the growth of primary branches of a spindle-shaped pear tree and promote the growth of new branches.

[0017] It is further specified that the trunk height of the spindle-shaped pear tree is 50 to 60 cm, the tree height is 3.0 to 3.2 m, and the crown diameter is 2.6 to 3.2 m.

[0018] It is further specified that the spindle-shaped pear tree has 18 to 20 primary branches evenly distributed in a spiral pattern on the central trunk, the branch base angle is 60 to 80 degrees, the waist angle is 80 to 90 degrees, the branch length is 120 to 160 cm, the branches at the bottom of the tree are longer than the branches at the top, and the tree outline is spindle-shaped.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] The invention controls the growth of branches by sawing wounds at the base of the primary branches to be renewed, and further promotes the growth of new branches by applying cytokinin 6-BA, thereby solving the problem that the primary branches of spindle-shaped pear trees are not easy to grow branches, and significantly increasing the branching rate. Compared with the prior art, it has at least the following advantages:

[0021] (1) The method for controlling growth and promoting new branches provided by the present invention replaces the traditional sawing pruning method with sawing wounds. The depth of the wound is up to the middle of the xylem of the branch trunk, half of the xylem is retained, the growth potential is effectively controlled, and it is not easy to cause broken branches. Even if the sawing depth exceeds half occasionally, the perennial primary branches have a high degree of lignification and can still be supported from below without completely breaking. Compared with traditional pruning techniques, the branch breaking rate is 0, the yield per plant is increased by more than 5kg, and the branching rate is nearly 80%, which successfully solves the problem of the subsequent decrease in the yield per plant of the first-level branches (main fruiting branches) of the spindle-shaped pear tree.

[0022] (2) The method for controlling growth and promoting new branches provided by the present invention has the advantages of being simple and easy to operate, and successfully solves the problem of low renewal rate of branches with a thickness exceeding 1 / 3 of the central trunk. It ensures that branches will not be broken during the cultivation process, and branches produce fruits normally, and promotes germination and branching under the premise of controlling the growth advantage of branches. From 2023 to 2024, experimental demonstration applications were carried out in the pear garden of Jinyang No. 6 Fruit and Vegetable Planting Family Farm in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, and the Shuanggou Pear Production Base Park in Suining, and significant application effects were achieved. The widespread promotion of this technology is of great significance for promoting the efficient production of spindle-shaped pear trees.

[0023] (3) The method for controlling growth and promoting new branches provided by the present invention is not only suitable for renewing and promoting the growth of primary branches of "spindle-shaped" pear trees, but can also provide a useful reference for the cultivation of pear trees of other tree shapes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments of the specification.

[0025] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0026] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0027] The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and instruments used are conventional materials, reagents, methods and instruments in the art unless otherwise specified, and can be obtained through commercial channels by those skilled in the art, and the purity of the solid and liquid reagents used is analytically pure.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Implementation location: Liyuan, Xuzhou Modern Agricultural Experimental Demonstration Base

[0030] Variety pattern: Sucui No. 1 pear spindle

[0031] (1) Selection of primary branches to be processed:

[0032] Treatment is carried out on pear trees with a trunk height of 50 to 60 cm, a tree height of 3.0 to 3.2 m, a crown diameter of 2.6 to 3.2 m, 18 to 20 branches evenly distributed in a spiral on the central trunk, namely the main fruiting branch group (primary branches), a branch base angle of 60 to 80°, a waist angle of 80 to 90°, a branch length of 120 to 160 cm, the branches at the lower part of the tree are slightly longer than the branches at the upper part, and the tree outline is spindle-shaped.

[0033] Select the first-level branches on the central trunk whose thickness is generally at or even exceeds 1 / 3 of the central trunk thickness, as well as the first-level branches that are bald, have serious outward displacement of the fruiting part, or have weak growth that affects fruiting, as the first-level branches to be processed.

[0034] (2) Treatment of saw wounds:

[0035] During the winter pruning of 2023, the first sawing should be performed with a fine-toothed saw tilted inwards at a position 10 cm below the base of the first-level branch to be treated, and the specific direction of the first sawing is: keep the plane of the fine-toothed saw and the plane of the first-level branch to be treated at an angle of 60° to the center trunk, repeatedly check the sawing depth until the depth reaches the middle of the wood of the branch, and retain half of the wood. Then use the first sawing depth as the wound width to determine the second sawing position, and use a fine-toothed saw tilted inwards to perform the second sawing until it is connected to the end of the first sawing wound, remove the cut wood block, and form an open triangular wound. Apply healing agent to the wound in a comprehensive and detailed manner to protect the wound and promote healing.

[0036] (3) 6-BA treatment:

[0037] When the flower buds at the top of the first-level branches to be treated in 2024 begin to sprout, apply 6-BA dilution to the lower part of the first-level branches to be treated. Specifically, within a 10cm radius circle just below the lower part of the first-level branches to be treated, scrape off the old peels to expose the fresh bark, and apply the 6BA dilution evenly with a cotton swab or a brush. If the first-level branches to be treated are smooth gray-white bark, use a fine-toothed saw to carve 1 to 2 saw marks horizontally within a 10cm radius circle just below the lower part of the first-level branches to be treated, close to the base, and apply the 6BA dilution evenly with a cotton swab or a brush. The concentration of 6BA dilution is 350mg / L.

[0038] When the new branches grow to a length of 20 to 30 cm, apply diluted 6-BA to the top of the new branches to promote their secondary growth.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the traditional pruning method is used to replace the saw wound treatment step to treat the first-level branches to be treated. The specific treatment method is to use a fine-tooth saw to cut off the first-level branches to be treated at 0.5 cm away from the base of the first-level branches to be treated. The remaining steps and parameter settings are the same as those in Example 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 2

[0042] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that only the traditional pruning method is used to treat the first-level branches to be treated. The specific treatment method is to use a fine-toothed saw to cut off the first-level branches to be treated at a distance of 0.5 cm from the base of the first-level branches to be treated.

[0043] Comparative Example 3

[0044] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that only the primary branches to be treated are treated with 6-BA, and no saw wound treatment is performed.

[0045] The treatments of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were carried out with 45 spindle-shaped pear trees in an area of ​​1 mu as a group, and the growth control effect, branch breaking rate, branching rate and single branch yield of the test samples were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0046] Table 1

[0047] Processing Labor per mu Control growth Broken branch rate (%) Branching rate (%) Yield per branch (kg) Example 1 1.4 efficient 0 78.2 5.1 Comparative Example 1 1.4 none 100 43.6 0 Comparative Example 2 1.2 none 100 22.5 0 Comparative Example 3 0.2 none 0 31.8 4.8

[0048] It can be seen from Table 1 above that the method of controlling growth and promoting new branches by combining sawing wounds with applying 6-BA can effectively control the growth and is not easy to cause broken branches. The broken branch rate is 0. Compared with traditional pruning techniques, the branching rate reaches 78.2%, and the single branch yield increases by 5.1kg.

[0049] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the growth of primary branches of a pear tree and promoting the growth of new branches, characterized in that: include: (1) Selection of primary branches to be treated: Select the primary branches on the central trunk that are bald, have serious outward movement of the fruiting part, or have weak growth that affects fruiting, or have a thickness that reaches or exceeds 1 / 3 of the central trunk thickness as the primary branches to be treated; (2) Saw wound treatment: During winter pruning or before budding in spring, the first-level branches to be treated selected in step (1) are subjected to saw wound treatment; (3) 6-BA treatment: When the flower buds at the top of the first-level branches to be treated begin to sprout, apply 6-BA diluted solution to the lower part of the first-level branches to be treated; and when the new branches grow to a length of 20 to 30 cm, apply 6-BA diluted solution to the top of the new branches.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that (2) The treatment method for saw wounds is as follows: Use a fine-toothed saw to saw inwards for the first time at a position 10 cm below the base of the first-level branch to be treated, until the saw penetrates into the middle of the wood of the branch. Then use the depth of the first sawing as the width of the wound to determine the position of the second sawing. Use a fine-toothed saw to saw inwards for the second time until it connects with the end of the first sawing wound. Remove the cut wood block to form a triangular wound, and apply a healing agent to the wound in a comprehensive and detailed manner.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The direction of the first sawing is: keep the fine-tooth saw plane and the plane of the trunk of the first-level branch to be processed at an angle greater than 0° and less than 90° toward the center trunk.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The direction of the first sawing is: keep the fine-tooth saw plane and the plane of the trunk of the first-level branch to be processed at an angle of 60° toward the center trunk.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that (3) The method for applying 6-BA to the lower part of the first-level branches to be treated is as follows: within a circular area with a radius of 10 cm just below the lower part of the first-level branches to be treated and close to the base, scrape off the old peel to expose the fresh bark, and use a cotton swab or brush dipped in the 6BA diluted solution to apply it evenly.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that (3) The method for applying 6-BA to the lower part of the first-level branch to be treated is as follows: If the first-level branch to be treated has a smooth gray-white bark, use a fine-tooth saw to make 1 to 2 saw marks horizontally within a 10 cm radius circle just below the lower part of the first-level branch to be treated near the base, deep into the wood, and use a cotton swab or brush dipped in 6BA diluted solution to apply it evenly.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that (3) The concentration of 6-BA dilution solution is 350 mg / L.

8. A method for controlling the growth of primary branches of a spindle-shaped pear tree and promoting the growth of new branches, characterized in that: The method described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used to carry out primary branch control growth promotion and new branch growth treatment on spindle-shaped pear trees.

9. The method for controlling the growth of primary branches of a spindle-shaped pear tree and promoting the growth of new branches according to claim 8, characterized in that: The trunk height of the spindle-shaped pear tree is 50 to 60 cm, the tree height is 3.0 to 3.2 m, and the crown diameter is 2.6 to 3.2 m.

10. The method for controlling the growth of primary branches of a spindle-shaped pear tree and promoting the growth of new branches according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spindle-shaped pear tree has 18 to 20 primary branches evenly distributed in a spiral pattern on the central trunk. The branch base angle is 60 to 80 degrees, the waist angle is 80 to 90 degrees, the branch length is 120 to 160 cm, the branches at the bottom are longer than the branches at the top, and the tree outline is spindle-shaped.