58 results about "Whole Organism" patented technology

The present invention provides recombination based methods for assembling nucleic acids. In certain aspects the present invention provides hierarchical assembly methods for producing genome sized polynucleotide constructs. The methods may be used for assembling large polynucleotide constructs, for synthesizing synthetic genomes, or for introducing a plurality of nucleotide changes throughout the genome of an organism. In another aspect, the invention provides cells having increased genomic stability. For example, cells comprising alterations in at least a substantial portion of the transposons in the genome are provided.

The present invention relates to biochemical methods for assessing metabolic fitness and / or aerobic demands of a living system. Specifically, the rate of synthesis and turnover of the molecular components of mitochondrial mass are used to determine the aerobic capacity and / or aerobic demand of tissues or living organisms. The direct measurement of metabolic fitness and / or aerobic demand by this means can be used as an index of the efficacy of an exercise training program or other therapeutic intervention; as a medical risk factor for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, death or other health outcome; or as an aid to pharmaceutical companies for drug discovery in the area of metabolic fitness, deconditioning, and oxidative biology.

Novel pro-drugs and methods for their use to alter the growth and biological characteristics of living cells, tissues, or whole organisms are described. The methods allow for selective activation of the pro-drugs at or near transformant host cells expressing a gene for an enzyme that activates the pro-drugs. Pro-drugs according to a preferred embodiment of the invention are conjugates of a bioactive compound and a chemical group that is capable of being cleaved from the bioactive compound by action of an enzyme. Methods according to this invention include, (a) introducing into targeted cells a gene encoding an enzyme and (b) administering a pro-drug, wherein the enzyme releases the pro-drug from conjugation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gene encoding the enzyme is a marker gene.

The present invention relates to the treatment and prevention of malaria infection. In particular, the present invention provides novel noninfectious, whole organism vaccines for malaria, which vaccines comprise a Plasmodium axenic liver stage. The invention also provides methods to treat and prevent malaria by administering such Plasmodium axenic liver stage vaccines, as well as methods to generate Plasmodium axenic liver stages.

The present invention provides methods and systems for evaluating biological materials for the diagnosis of disease, such as gland abnormalities, and the cancerous and precancerous conditions. Nonlinear optical microscopy techniques, such as MP microscopy and harmonic generation microscopy, are used to generate high resolution, three dimensional images of a test tissue, such as a biopsy tissue sample and tissue in whole organisms, that are analyzed, optionally in combination, to detect, identify and characterize tumor-associated collagen signatures. The presence, abundance and extent of histological features and structural motifs comprising tumor-associated collagen signatures may be directly and accurately correlated with the onset and progression of cancer, such as breast cancer. The present methods are capable of providing an accurate and selective diagnosis of cancer, and provide diagnostic information complementary to conventional diagnostic methods.

The present invention provides a method for purifying a protein complex and the components comprising the complex from a cell, a cell or tissue lysate or a whole organism by employing a combined set of affinity tags of high affinity, specificity and ease of elution. The method involves using a protein or a peptide modified to contain one or more affinity tags separated by one or more specific protease cleavage sites to isolate any interacting proteins or fragments thereof. Specifically exemplified is a method employing a modified bait containing AviTag or GST and a removal tag of His6 hexapeptide positioned proximal to the bait such that any excess bait can be efficiently removed from the purified complex yielding enriched interacting proteins prior to subjecting the complex for further identification of individual components. The identification of the proteins or fragments thereof contained in the protein complex will provide new targets for the identification of new pharmaceuticals and diagnostic tools.

The inventive subject matter relates to an immunogenic composition and method of enhancing immunogenicity and protective immunity induced by any subunit or whole organism vaccine or combination of vaccines comprising administering to the subject a priming immunization preparation containing an antigen or fragment thereof, said preparation being selected from the group consisting of: a recombinant virus expression system; a recombinant protein antigen or a recombinant polypeptide; a synthetic peptide; a polynucleotide vector; a whole organism or extract and combinations thereof; and a boosting immunization of at least one alphavirus replicon containing an antigen or fragment thereof. The inventive subject matter further relates to an immunogenic composition and method of inducing an immune response that activates both cellular and humoral arms of the immune system.

Compositions and methods of producing vaccines, including methods wherein whole organism vaccines are provided with limited replication abilities, thereby increasing vaccine safety and efficacy, through the use of non-natural, unnatural, or non-naturally encoded amino acids.

The invention discloses a digital biological organism modeling method based on three-dimensional super voxel description. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out format conversion, binaryzation and other preprocessing on an original medical image of an organism so as to acquire a physiological-structure peripheral region to be segmented; secondly, reconstructing a two-dimensional image sequence of the physiological-structure peripheral region to be segmented to a three-dimensional space, and using a super voxel algorithm to divide a three-dimensional image into super voxels whose sizes are similar to each other; and then, through a graph-cut algorithm based on a Gaussian mixture model, automatically segmenting the super voxels into two portions of a foreground and a background; and finally, using a surface rendering method to reconstruct the super voxels which belong to a foreground type in the three-dimensional space so as to acquire three-dimensional display of a physiological structure area to be segmented and three-dimensional display of the area in the whole organism. By using the method of the invention, a negative effect of other portions of the organism on a segmentation result is reduced; time is saved; robustness of the algorithm is increased and computation complexity of graph cut is reduced; and segmentation accuracy is increased.

Systems and methods for extracting information about an organism of interest, generally comprising, an atlas of the organism of interest; a storage device for at least temporarily storing an image of the organism of interest; and an operating device that automatically creates a map of the image of the organism of interest and automatically compares the map of the image to the atlas of the organism.

Synthesis of many proteins is tightly controlled at the level of translation and plays an essential role in fundamental processes such as cell growth and proliferation, signaling, differentiation or death. Methods that allow imaging and identification of nascent proteins allow for dissecting regulation of translation, both spatially and temporally, including in whole organisms. Described herein are robust chemical methods for imaging and affinity-purifying nascent polypeptides in cells and in animals, based on puromycin analogs. Puromycin analogs of the present invention form covalent conjugates with nascent polypeptide chains, which are rapidly turned over by the proteasome and can be visualized and specifically captured by a bioorthogonal reaction (e.g., [3+2]cycloaddition). The methods of the present invention have broad applicability for imaging protein synthesis and for identifying proteins synthesized under various physiological and pathological conditions in vivo.

The invention is suitable for the field of medicine and provides a method for establishing a diabetes-inducing model. The method comprises the following steps of feeding male monkeys with high-fat feed, wherein the male monkeys account for 5 / 6 of the total quantity of experimental animals, and are 7-20 years old, and the high-fat feed comprises the following main components: 18 percent of protein, 60 percent of saccharides and 22 percent of fat; feeding male monkeys with standard feed, wherein the male monkeys account for 1 / 6 of the total quantity of the experimental animals, and are 4-10 years old, and the standard feed comprises the following main components: 18 percent of protein, 69 percent of saccharides and 3 percent of fat. According to the method for establishing the diabetes-inducing model provided by the invention, by establishing the model for inducing diabetes by long-term diet, the problems that the long-term slow process of human diabetes development cannot be really simulated very well by drug modeling, and the whole organism is changed by the fact that the long-term slow process cannot be really simulated very well can be solved, and the scientificity is stronger.

We have successfully sequenced and cloned the gene expressing the Major Surface Protein 5 (MSP5) of A. phagocytophilum. The recombinant MSP5 (rMSP5) protein has been tested using sera from humans and dogs infected with A. phacytophilum. The polypeptide has been found to be immunogenic and useful as a diagnostic test antigen. The polypeptide antigen of the subject invention can provide the basis of a diagnostic assay that would allow the rapid, in-house, laboratory diagnosis of infection with A. phagocytophilum using a sample (e.g., serum, plasma, or whole blood) from an infected human or animal. Additionally, the subject invention provides methods of detecting the presence of A. phagocytophilum in biological or environmental samples utilizing antibodies provided by the subject invention. Furthermore, the use of the single antigen in the diagnosis of this important disease offers many advantages including enhanced test specificity, ease of testing and consistency of results using synthetically produced test antigens instead of cultured, whole organisms.

The invention belongs to the technical filed of image processing, and provides a novel high-spectrum image nonlinear demixing method, for realizing the purpose of completing corresponding demixing work of a high-spectrum image with remarkable high-order nonlinear mapping and multilayer scattering between end members. To this end, the technical scheme adopted by the invention brings forward a high-spectrum image nonlinear demixing method based on a neural network and differential search. The method comprises the following steps: 1, inputting high-spectrum image data; 2, according to a p-order polynomial model, randomly generating a training sample for training a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP); 3, by use of the trained MLP, extracting a nonlinear order of a single pixel point of an image; 4, determining dimensions and position coding of a search individual through a high-spectrum image end member number R; 5, calculating a fitness value of each individual; 6, obtaining a global optimal position of a whole organism through search; 7, completing demixing of the individual pixel point, and otherwise, continuously performing optimization; and 8, stopping calculation after the demixing, and otherwise, continuously demixing a next pixel. The method provided by the invention is mainly applied to image processing.

Introduction of double stranded RNA into cells, cell culture, organs and tissues, and whole organisms, particularly vertebrates, specifically attenuates gene expression.

A discovery process beginning with an in vivo screening of proteins, peptides, natural products, classical medicinal compound or other substances. The administration of compounds to the animal can be either direct or indirect, such as by the administration and expression of cDNA-containing plasmids. Since the discovery process of the invention is based on a non-preconceived hypothesis and whole organism multi-organ analysis, a compound can be selected for testing in the absence of any biological selection criteria. The resulting organism-wide pattern of the gene expression changes in the transcriptome provides an overview of the activities at the molecular and organism-wide levels. The discovery process of the invention then integrates in vivo profiling and internal and external genomic databases to elucidate the function of unknown proteins, typically within few months. The invention further relates to medical uses of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), FGF-23 fragments, FGF-23 C-terminal polypeptides, FGF-23 homologs and / or FGF-23 variants.

Aspects of the present invention relate to a method for the preparation of samples for MALDI MS imaging. Certain embodiments relate to a method of matrix deposition for samples, wherein tissue sections are prepared via a synergistic combination of fixation with matrix. In certain embodiments, tissue is fixed with cold solvent, according to well-established histology protocols, and in the presence of matrix, allowing for high resolution spatial mapping of protein, lipid, sugar, and / or nucleic acid distribution. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to fixation with matrix of whole organisms. In certain embodiments, animals are perfused with fixation and matrix mixtures, which allows for direct mass spectrometry analysis.

The invention relates to a preparation method for subunit vaccines of Cryptocaryon irritans and application of the subunit vaccines of the Cryptocaryon irritans. Approval application and industrialization of the whole organism vaccines of the Cryptocaryon irritans encounter a great challenge, mostly because the parasites cannot be cultured in vitro and only breed on fish bodies, enough Cryptocaryon irritans bodies for producing the vaccines are difficult to obtain, most importantly, the normative production process and the quality standard are difficult to make, and thus, people are forced to conduct research in a deeper level to develop genetic engineering vaccines. Candidate genes of surface proteins C1 are screened from a transcriptome database of the Cryptocaryon irritans, and recombination proteins are expressed on tetrahymena, and accordingly the vaccines are prepared for immunizing seawater fishes; and by detecting the immunogenicity and protectiveness of the vaccines, effective protective antigenic genes of the Cryptocaryon irritans are screened.

The invention relates to a method for combating disorders affecting the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system by allotopic expression of the cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase (AOX) in human cells. The successful expression of AOX in human cells and in Drosophila has been shown to confer spectacular cyanide-resistance to mitochondrial substrate oxidation, alleviate oxidative stress, apoptosis susceptibility and metabolic acidosis. AOX is well tolerated when expressed ubiquitously in the whole organism. AOX expression is a valuable tool to limit the deleterious consequences of respiratory chain deficiency.

The invention discloses a new application of a malaria erythrocytic stage inactivated whole organism vaccine, and in particular relates to an application of the malaria erythrocytic stage inactivated whole organism vaccine serving as a transmission blocking type vaccine. According to the new application disclosed by the invention, a plasmodium erythrocytic stage immune serum is applied to a plasmodium mosquito stage transmission stage, and a whole organism vaccine used at the erythrocytic stage is discovered to show a certain effect of blocking mosquito stage transmission, so that the application range of the whole organism vaccine is enlarged, the preventing and curing effects on an immune individual are achieved, and the transmission opportunity of malaria among groups can be greatly reduced.

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical compound for antioxidant protection of cells, tissues and entire organism against hyperproduction of fee radicals. The inventive compound comprises an effective quantity of at least one antioxidant in the form of a main acting component. Said antioxidant is selected from a group consisting peroxiredoxine, a fragment thereof, dihydrolipoic acid and the combinations thereof with acceptable pharmaceutical additives. The inventive method for preventing and curing mammals consists in contacting the effective quantity of the compound with intercellular space of tissue, organ and entire mammal organism. Low toxicity of the compound makes it possible to increase the efficiency of treatment of multifactor actions on an organism, for example radiation, thermal, chemical burn, wounds and hurts as a result of disasters and fires.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating senile osteoporosis, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines. The effective ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine are prepared from the following raw materials: wolfberries, Chinese yam, poria cocos, coix seed, herba epimedii, rhizoma drynariae, fructus cnidii, teasel root, fructus psoraleae, radix achyranthis bidentatae, eucommia ulmoides, dogwood, cornua cervi pantotrichum, cistanche, salvia miltiorrhiza, pseudo-ginseng, rheum officinale, corydalis tuber, radix polygoni multiflori, astragalus membranaceus, radix polygoni multiflori, chrysanthemum, Chinese date and liquorice. The traditional Chinese medicine disclosed by the invention is based on the traditional Chinese medicine mechanism of osteoporosis, focuses on tonifying kidney, benefiting liver, tonifying spleen, promoting circulation and removing stasis and improving the whole organism of body, and treats senile osteoporosis from a source. The traditional Chinese medicine disclosed by the invention is capable of improving a treatment effect on senile osteoporosis in case of being taken with a common calcium source product and vitamin D.

The invention discloses a method for preventing and curing prawn virus damage and improving prawn farming yield. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of pond disinfection treatment, natural bait cultivation, mixed cultivation, fertilization and pond water quality management. According to the method, dissolved oxygen is improved ceaselessly and substantially, hazardous substances like ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and nitrite in water can be effectively degraded, microorganism ATP bacteria can maintain pond ecological environment, and it can be guaranteed that farming water quality is friendly to environment; immunoglobulin of yolk is fed reasonably to stimulate prawn organisms repeatedly, and the anti-virus and antibacterial ability of hepatopancreas can be improved; thus, the anti-virus and antibacterial ability of the whole organisms can be greatly improved, the development of aquaculture can be promoted, farmers can be driven to get rich, and rural ecological environment can be improved.

The invention relates to a medical composition for repairing testicular senescense and injury and strengthening the male function. The medical composition is a compound preparation which consists of Chinese medicines of epimedium and ginseng fiber. As proved by research, the compound preparation has good function in preventing D-galactose subacute senile mouse testis injury, and can improve the SOD activity of testis, reduce the MDA content and improve the oxidation resistance capability of the whole organism, maintain the balance of metabolism of free radicals and reduce lipid peroxidation, so as to effectively inhibit apoptosis of testicular cells induced by cellular oxidation, obviously improve or adjust metabolism of senile cells, and delay the aging process. The preparation can be taken as health food and medicine, and is used for preventing male senescence, repairing testicular senescense and injury and strengthening the male function.

The present disclosure relates in general, to quality control compositions and whole organism control materials for use in assessing the functionality of Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT) and to related methods, uses and kits. In some aspects the NAT is used to detect the presence of an organism and a target nucleic acid sequence in a test article, the quality control composition comprising: (i) a first protected nucleic acid sequence comprising a first nucleic acid sequence the presence of which is characteristic of the presence of the organism in the test article said first nucleic acid sequence being tested in the NAT; and (ii) a second protected nucleic acid sequence comprising a second nucleic acid sequence the presence of which is characteristic of the presence of the target nucleic acid sequence in the test article said second nucleic acid sequence being tested for in the NAT.