Ginseng extracting solution, high-thermal-stability ginseng emulsion and preparation method of high-thermal-stability ginseng emulsion

Abstract

The invention discloses a ginseng extracting solution, a ginseng emulsion with high thermal stability and a preparation method of the ginseng extracting solution and the ginseng emulsion. The invention provides a ginseng extraction method which comprises the following steps: adding ginseng into a Tween aqueous solution according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: (15-30), shearing at a high speed, and then carrying out ultrasonic extraction and centrifugation to prepare a ginseng extracting solution. According to the method, the extraction efficiency of the active ingredients is high, no organic reagent is used in the extraction process, and the method is safer while the extraction efficiency is guaranteed. Furthermore, the invention also develops an emulsification scheme taking the obtained ginseng extracting solution as a water phase, the prepared ginseng emulsion with high thermal stability is high in thermal stability and storage stability, does not have a demulsification phenomenon and a layering phenomenon after being stored for 28 days after being sterilized at high temperature, is small in component change, and is very high in bioavailability of active components in the emulsion. And the method has good application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and more specifically, relates to a method for preparing a ginseng extract and a high-thermal-stable ginseng emulsion. Background Art

[0002] Ginseng (Panax ginseng CAMey.) is a plant of the Araliaceae family, the dried root and rhizome of ginseng. It is mostly dug in autumn, washed and dried in the sun or oven. Ginseng is rich in chemical components. Modern research shows that ginsenosides, polysaccharides and proteins are the important material basis for ginseng to exert its medicinal effects. Ginsenosides are the most representative and are also the preferred marker for evaluating the quality, medicinal and nutritional value of ginseng. The content is about 4%. Ginsenosides have multiple biological activities such as lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and immune regulation.

[0003] The functions of ginseng are mainly provided by its active ingredients. The traditional extraction of plant functional ingredients is mainly divided into water extraction (decoction method) and organic solvent leaching method. However, organic solvents are not suitable for the production of ginseng products due to safety factors. The extraction efficiency of active ingredients by traditional water extraction is generally low, and the high temperature during the extraction process will also affect the activity of the medicinal and edible extracts; ultrasonic extraction can solve the problem of high temperature affecting activity, but the extraction efficiency is still low.

[0004] In addition, making emulsions out of plant extracts is a common approach, but extracts from different plants and different extraction methods have significantly different components and therefore require different emulsification solutions. Inappropriate emulsification solutions can cause stratification and other problems. Currently, there are only reports on making emulsions out of ginsenosides, but ginsenosides are not as comprehensive as ginseng extracts. Therefore, developing ginseng extracts to make emulsions has obvious market value.

[0005] However, the stability of liquid products prepared using ginseng extract is poor, and the instability is mainly caused by the complex components in the extract. The extract contains not only the main active ingredients of ginseng (generally alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids and flavonoids), but also a large amount of macromolecular substances such as starch, protein, tannin, mucus, resin and pectin, as well as many ineffective components or impurities such as microparticles, submicroparticles, drug residues, fibers and floccules. After being processed into liquid products, stratification is easy to occur. The main reasons are as follows: (1) The protein in the extract is easy to corrupt, thus affecting the clarity of the drug solution; (2) The tannin in the extract will form hydrogen bonds with proteins, alkaloids or polysaccharides to form precipitates; tannins will also reduce high-valent metal ions to low-valent states to form precipitates, making the drug solution turbid; (3) The colloidal particles in the extract have high surface energy and the particles are easy to aggregate. When the size of the aggregated particles exceeds the range of the colloidal system, precipitates will precipitate from the dispersed system.

[0006] Therefore, developing production technology for ginseng extract emulsion products with high active ingredient content and stable storage is of great significance for the preparation of high-nutrition and high-value ginseng-related products. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems of low active ingredient extraction efficiency and poor stability of extract emulsion products in existing ginseng extraction methods, provide a ginseng extraction method and the ginseng extract obtained therefrom, and develop an emulsification scheme for the ginseng extract. The prepared ginseng emulsion has good thermal stability and high bioavailability.

[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide a ginseng extraction method.

[0009] The second object of the present invention is to provide the ginseng extract prepared by the above method.

[0010] The third object of the present invention is to provide a ginseng emulsion with high thermal stability and a preparation method thereof.

[0011] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0012] The invention provides a ginseng extraction method. The ginseng is added into a Tween aqueous solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1: (15-30), sheared, ultrasonically extracted, and centrifuged to prepare a ginseng extract.

[0013] As an alternative embodiment, the ginseng is ground into powder and then passed through a 50-70 mesh sieve before extraction.

[0014] As an alternative embodiment, the ginseng is ground into powder and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve before extraction.

[0015] Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:20.

[0016] Preferably, the Tween aqueous solution is a Tween 80 aqueous solution, and the concentration of the Tween 80 aqueous solution is 0.01% to 0.15%.

[0017] More preferably, the concentration of the Tween 80 aqueous solution is 0.1 to 0.15%.

[0018] More preferably, the concentration of the Tween 80 aqueous solution is 0.01%-0.1%.

[0019] Preferably, the shearing speed is 3000-7000 rpm, and the shearing time is 5-10 min; the ultrasonic extraction condition is 150-300 w, and the ultrasonic extraction time is 25-30 min.

[0020] More preferably, the shearing speed is 7000 rpm, and the shearing time is 10 min; the ultrasonic extraction condition is 200 w, and the ultrasonic extraction time is 30 min.

[0021] Preferably, the centrifugation condition is 4000-8000 rpm for 5-15 min.

[0022] More preferably, the centrifugation condition is 6000 rpm for 10 min.

[0023] The ginseng extraction method has high extraction efficiency of active ingredients and does not use organic reagents during the extraction process, which is safer while ensuring the extraction efficiency.

[0024] The ginseng extract prepared according to the above method should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a ginseng emulsion with high thermal stability.

[0026] (1) mixing the ginseng extract as the aqueous phase and corn oil as the oil phase to obtain a mixed solution;

[0027] (2) Xanthan gum, carrageenan, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and lecithin were added to the mixed solution, sheared at 11000-13000 rpm for 8-10 min, and then passed through a 80-120 mesh sieve and homogenized at 100-300 bar for 2-4 times to prepare a ginseng emulsion.

[0028] Preferably, the mixing ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is (90-95):(5-10).

[0029] More preferably, the mixing ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 95:5.

[0030] Preferably, the added amount of lecithin accounts for 0.05-0.1% by volume of the mixed solution.

[0031] More preferably, the added amount of lecithin accounts for 0.1% by volume of the mixed solution.

[0032] Preferably, the added amount of xanthan gum, carrageenan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.01-0.05% by volume of the mixed solution.

[0033] More preferably, the added amount of xanthan gum, carrageenan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.01-0.03% by volume of the mixed solution.

[0034] More preferably, the added amount of xanthan gum, carrageenan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.03% by volume of the mixed solution.

[0035] Preferably, the mass ratio of xanthan gum, carrageenan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 1:1:1.

[0036] Preferably, in step (2), xanthan gum, carrageenan, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and lecithin are added to the mixed solution, sheared at 12000 rpm for 10 min, then passed through a 100 mesh sieve, and homogenized at 100 bar for 3 times to prepare ginseng emulsion.

[0037] In addition, the present invention also provides ginseng emulsion prepared by the method.

[0038] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The ginseng extraction method of the present invention can improve the extraction efficiency of ginseng active components after adding Tween 80; and no organic reagent is used in the extraction process, which is safer while ensuring the extraction efficiency.

[0040] In addition, the present invention uses the ginseng extract obtained by the above method as the aqueous phase to provide a method for preparing a ginseng emulsion with high thermal stability. The ginseng emulsion prepared by the method has high thermal stability and storage stability. After being sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes, no demulsification or stratification occurs. Moreover, no demulsification or stratification occurs after being stored at 37°C for 28 days. The components (saponin, polysaccharide, protein) change little. In addition, the bioavailability of the ginseng active components (saponin, polysaccharide, protein) of the ginseng emulsion of the present invention is very high, and the ginseng emulsion has good application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 These are the results of total protein content determination of ginseng extracts with different treatments.

[0042] Figure 2 These are the results of total saponin content determination of ginseng extracts with different treatments.

[0043] Figure 3 These are the results of total polysaccharide content determination of ginseng extracts with different treatments.

[0044] Figure 4 The figure is a comparison of the active ingredient content of the ginseng extracts of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0045] Figure 5 These are the results of determination of active ingredient content in ginseng extracts with different treatments.

[0046] Figure 6 High temperature sterilization stability of ginseng emulsion in different treatment groups.

[0047] Figure 7 The bioavailability of the total components of ginseng emulsion in Group 1 and Group 4 of Experimental Example 3.

[0048] Figure 8 The particle size measurement results of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Example 14 and Example 15 before and after high temperature sterilization.

[0049] Fig. 9 These are the results of total saponin content determination of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16, and Example 17 before and after high-temperature sterilization and during storage.

[0050] Fig.10 These are the results of total sugar content determination of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16, and Example 17 before and after high-temperature sterilization and during storage.

[0051] Fig.11 These are the results of total protein content determination of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16, and Example 17 before and after high-temperature sterilization and during storage.

[0052] Fig.12 The particle size measurement results of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 15, Example 16 and Example 17 before and after high-temperature sterilization and during storage.

[0053] Fig.13 The bioavailability of the ginseng emulsion components prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16, and Example 17.

[0054] Fig.14 These are the macroscopic changes of the samples of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16, and Example 17 after high-temperature sterilization and during storage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0056] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0057] Tween 80, CAS No. 9005-65-6, structural formula:

[0058]

[0059] Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, CAS number is 9004-32-4, structural formula is:

[0060]

[0061] Soy protein isolate (Beijing Solebow Technology Co., Ltd.), CAS No. 9010-10-0, structural formula:

[0062]

[0063] Sodium caseinate (Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.), CAS No. 9005-46-3, structural formula:

[0064] Lecithin (Beijing Solebow Technology Co., Ltd.), CAS No. 8002-43-5, structural formula:

[0065]

[0066] Mucin (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), CAS No. 84082-64-4, structural formula:

[0067]

[0068] Pepsin (Beijing Solebow Technology Co., Ltd.), CAS No. 9001-75-6, structural formula:

[0069]

[0070] Bile salt (Beijing Solebow Technology Co., Ltd.), CAS No. 8008-63-7, structural formula:

[0071]

[0072] Pancreatin (Beijing Solebow Technology Co., Ltd.), CAS No. 9002-07-7, structural formula:

[0073]

[0074] Example 1

[0075] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0076] (2) Take ginseng powder and add 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, high-speed shear at a speed of 7000 rpm for 10 minutes, and then use ultrasound (60 Hz, 200 w) to assist extraction for 30 minutes to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; the turbid liquid is centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0079] (2) Add 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution to ginseng powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and high-speed shear at 7000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; centrifuge the turbid liquid at 6000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0082] (2) Ginseng powder was added with 0.1% soy protein isolate aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and high-speed shearing was performed at a rotation speed of 7000 rpm for 10 min. Ultrasonic (60 Hz, 200 w)-assisted extraction was then performed for 30 min to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; the turbid liquid was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0085] (2) Add 0.1% soy protein isolate aqueous solution to ginseng powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and high-speed shear at 7000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; centrifuge the turbid liquid at 6000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0088] (2) Take ginseng powder and add 0.1% sodium caseinate aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, high-speed shear at a speed of 7000 rpm for 10 minutes, and then use ultrasound (60 Hz, 200 w) to assist extraction for 30 minutes to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; the turbid liquid is centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0089] Example 6

[0090] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0091] (2) Add 0.1% sodium caseinate aqueous solution to ginseng powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and high-speed shear at 7000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; centrifuge the turbid solution at 6000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0092] Example 7

[0093] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0094] (2) Add 0.1% lecithin aqueous solution to ginseng powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, high-speed shear at 7000 rpm for 10 min, and then use ultrasound (60 Hz, 200 w) to assist extraction for 30 min to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; centrifuge the turbid liquid at 6000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0095] Example 8

[0096] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0097] (2) Add 0.1% lecithin aqueous solution to ginseng powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and high-speed shear at a speed of 7000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; centrifuge the turbid liquid at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0098] Example 9

[0099] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0100] (2) Take ginseng powder and add 0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, high-speed shear at a speed of 7000 rpm for 10 minutes, and then use ultrasound (60 Hz, 200 w) to assist extraction for 30 minutes to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; the turbid liquid is centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0101] Example 10

[0102] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0103] (2) Add 0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution to ginseng powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and high-speed shear at a speed of 7000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; centrifuge the turbid liquid at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0104] Comparative Example 1

[0105] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0106] (2) Ginseng powder was added to aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, high-speed shearing was performed at 7000 rpm for 5 min, and extraction was performed at 50° C. for 30 min to obtain a ginseng turbid solution. The turbid solution was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0107] Experimental Example 1

[0108] The total protein, total saponin and total polysaccharide contents of the ginseng extracts prepared in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Example 1 were tested.

[0109] 1. Experimental methods

[0110] (1) Determination of total protein content: Divide 12 test tubes into two groups, add 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 ml of standard protein solution respectively, make up to 1 ml with water, and then add 5 ml of Coomassie Brilliant Blue reagent. After shaking thoroughly, place at room temperature for 20 minutes and perform colorimetric determination at 595 nm. Use the first test tube without protein solution as the blank control solution. Take the average value of the two groups of measurements, and draw a standard curve with protein content as the horizontal axis and absorbance as the vertical axis. Take 2 to 3 test tubes and use the same method as above to determine the protein concentration of the test solution. Note that the sample concentration should not exceed 10 mg / mL.

[0111] (2) Determination of total saponin content: Accurately weigh 1 mg of ginsenoside Re standard, dilute to 1 mL volumetric flask with methanol to obtain 1 mg / mL ginsenoside Re standard solution, take 30 μL, 60 μL, 90 μL, 120 μL, 150 μL, and 180 μL in test tubes, add 0.2 mL of 5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid solution and 0.8 mL of perchloric acid, respectively, in a 60°C water bath for 15 minutes, and cool to room temperature with running water. Use the corresponding reagent as a blank, measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 540 nm, and obtain a standard curve.

[0112] Take 200 μL of the test solution and perform color reaction according to the above method. Use an enzyme marker to measure the absorbance, read the weight of the total saponins in the test solution from the standard curve, and calculate to obtain the value.

[0113] (3) Determination of total polysaccharide content: Take 25 mg of anhydrous glucose reference substance, weigh it accurately, place it in a 250 mL volumetric flask, add an appropriate amount of water to dissolve, dilute to the mark, shake well, and obtain (0.1 mg of anhydrous glucose per 1 L). Accurately measure 0.2 mL, 0.4 mL, 0.6 mL, 0.8 mL, and 1.0 mL of the reference substance solution, add them to stoppered test tubes respectively, add water to make up to 2.0 mL respectively, accurately add 1 mL of 5% phenol solution to each, shake well, quickly and accurately add 5 mL of sulfuric acid, shake well, let it stand for 10 minutes, keep it warm in a 90°C water bath for 15 minutes, take it out, quickly cool it to room temperature, use the corresponding reagent as blank, use an ELISA reader, measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 490 nm, and draw a standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.

[0114] Take 2 mL of the test solution and add 1 mL of 5% phenol solution respectively, and then determine the absorbance according to the standard curve preparation method. Read the weight (mg) of glucose in the test solution from the standard curve and calculate it.

[0115] (II) Experimental results

[0116] (1) Determination of total protein content of ginseng extracts with different treatments

[0117] The results of total protein content determination of ginseng extracts with different treatments are as follows Figure 1 As shown in Table 1, the results show that, except for Example 9, the total protein content of the ginseng extract treated with high-speed shearing and ultrasound is higher than that of the high-speed shearing alone. The total protein content of the treatment in Example 1 is significantly higher than that of the other treatments, and the protein content in the extract can reach about 8 mg / mL.

[0118] Table 1 Total protein content of ginseng extracts treated with different methods

[0119]

[0120] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate insignificant differences (P>0.05).

[0121] (2) Determination of total saponin content in ginseng extracts with different treatments

[0122] The results of total saponin content determination of ginseng extracts with different treatments are as follows Figure 2 As shown in Table 2, the results show that the total saponin content of the ginseng extract treated by high-speed shearing and ultrasound is higher than that treated by high-speed shearing alone. The total saponin content of the extract treated by Example 1 is significantly higher than that of the other treatments, reaching 1.31053 mg / mL.

[0123] Table 2 Total saponin content of ginseng extracts treated with different methods

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate insignificant differences (P>0.05).

[0127] (3) Determination of total polysaccharide content in ginseng extracts with different treatments

[0128] The results of total polysaccharide content determination of ginseng extracts with different treatments are as follows Figure 3 As shown in Table 3, the results show that the total polysaccharide content of the ginseng extract treated in Example 1 is significantly higher than that of the other treatments, reaching 11.2 mg / mL.

[0129] Table 3 Total polysaccharide content of ginseng extracts treated with different methods

[0130]

[0131] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate insignificant differences (P>0.05).

[0132] (4) Comparison of the active ingredient content of ginseng extracts in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0133] The comparison results of the active ingredient content of the ginseng extracts of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in Table 4, the results show that the total protein content, total saponin content, and total polysaccharide content of the ginseng extract of Example 1 are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1, especially the total polysaccharide content and total protein content, wherein the total polysaccharide content is increased by about 53%, and the total protein content is increased by about 186%.

[0134] Table 4 Active ingredient content of ginseng extract

[0135]

[0136] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate insignificant differences (P>0.05).

[0137] Embodiment 11

[0138] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0139] (2) Take ginseng powder and add 0.01% Tween 80 aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, high-speed shear at a speed of 7000 rpm for 10 minutes, and then use ultrasound (60 Hz, 200 w) to assist extraction for 30 minutes to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; the turbid liquid is centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0140] Example 12

[0141] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0142] (2) Ginseng powder was added with 0.05% Tween 80 aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and high-speed shearing was performed at a speed of 7000 rpm for 10 min. Ultrasonic (60 Hz, 200 w)-assisted extraction was then performed for 30 min to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; the turbid solution was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0143] Embodiment 13

[0144] (1) Raw material pretreatment: using ginseng as raw material, washing, drying and then crushing to obtain ginseng powder;

[0145] (2) Ginseng powder was added with 0.15% Tween 80 aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and high-speed shearing was performed at a rotation speed of 7000 rpm for 10 min. Ultrasonic (60 Hz, 200 w)-assisted extraction was then performed for 30 min to obtain a turbid ginseng extract; the turbid liquid was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a clarified ginseng extract.

[0146] Experimental Example 2

[0147] The total protein, total saponin and total polysaccharide contents of the ginseng extracts of Example 1 and Examples 11-13 were measured.

[0148] The results of determination of active ingredient contents of ginseng extracts with different treatments are as follows: Figure 5 As shown in Table 5, the results show that the total protein, total saponin, and total polysaccharide contents of the ginseng extracts of Examples 1 and 13 are significantly higher than those of Examples 11 and 12, while there is no significant difference between Example 1 and Example 13, indicating that when the concentration of Tween 80 aqueous solution is between 0.01-0.10%, the extraction efficiency becomes higher and higher with the increase of concentration, while the extraction efficiency is not significantly improved at a concentration of 0.15% compared with a concentration of 0.10%.

[0149] Table 5 Active ingredient content of ginseng extracts treated with different methods

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate insignificant differences (P>0.05).

[0153] Experimental Example 3

[0154] 1. Experimental methods

[0155] (1) Using the ginseng extract obtained in Example 1 as the aqueous phase, the ratio is 95%, and edible corn oil as the oil phase, the ratio is 5%, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

[0156] (2) The mixed solution was divided into 11 groups, and 0.1% (mass volume ratio) lecithin and different stabilizer combinations were added to each mixed solution as a treatment group (the stabilizer combinations of different treatment groups are shown in Table 6). The mixture was sheared at 12000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a crude emulsion. After the crude emulsion was passed through a 100-mesh sieve, it was high-pressure homogenized three times at 100 bar to prepare ginseng emulsions with different treatments.

[0157] The prepared ginseng emulsions of different treatment groups were sterilized at high temperature at 121°C for 15 min.

[0158] Table 6 Stabilizer combinations in different treatment groups

[0159]

[0160] (3) Bioavailability determination method

[0161] In vitro simulated digestion:

[0162] 1. Prepare oral digestive solution (100 mL): dissolve 0.1594 g sodium chloride, 0.0328 g ammonium nitrate, 0.0636 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0202 g potassium chloride, 0.0308 g potassium citrate, 0.0021 g sodium urate, 0.0198 g urea, and 0.0146 g sodium bicarbonate in 100 mL deionized water;

[0163] In the oral digestion stage, 10 mL of the ginseng emulsion to be tested was taken, 10 mL of oral digestion solution was added, the pH was adjusted to 6.8, 0.3 g of mucin was added, and the mixture was stirred until completely dissolved; the system was placed in a temperature-controlled shaker (37°C) at a rate of 100 rpm for 1 min to obtain the oral digestion product;

[0164] 2. Prepare gastric digestion solution (100 mL): accurately weigh 0.2 g sodium chloride and 0.7 mL hydrochloric acid and dissolve them in 100 mL deionized water, and adjust the pH to 2.0 with 1.0 M hydrochloric acid;

[0165] The oral digestion product and gastric digestive juice were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1, the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 2.5 with 0.2 M sodium hydroxide, 0.32 g of pepsin was added and stirred until completely dissolved, and the system was placed in a temperature-controlled shaker (37°C) at a rate of 100 rpm for 4 hours to simulate gastric digestion conditions to obtain digestive juice;

[0166] 3. Perform small intestinal digestion using pH-stat, remove digestion solution (40 mL), first adjust the pH of the digestion solution to 7.0 with 0.2 M sodium hydroxide, then add 4 mL of bile salt solution (5 mg / mL) and 2.5 mL of pancreatic enzyme (4.8 mg / mL) to the digestion solution, and finally perform small intestinal digestion for 2 h;

[0167] 4. Bioavailability: After the digestion process in the small intestine was completed, the sample was centrifuged at 8000g for 30 minutes at 4°C, and the mixed micelle phase in the middle of the sample was collected. The mixed micelle phase was then passed through a filter (pore size of 0.45 μm) to remove large droplets, and the total concentrations of saponin, polysaccharide, and protein were determined by an ELISA instrument. The specific method was the same as that of Experimental Example 1. The bioavailability of the product was calculated using the following expression:

[0168] Bioavailability(%)=C_micelle / C_initial×100%

[0169] where C_micelle and C_initial are the concentrations of saponin, polysaccharide, and protein in the micellar phase and their equivalents in the initial raw emulsion before digestion, respectively.

[0170] (II) Experimental results

[0171] (1) High temperature sterilization stability of ginseng emulsions in different treatment groups Figure 6 As shown, the results showed that after storage at 37°C for 21 days, the ginseng emulsions of groups 2, 3, and 5 showed obvious stratification, the ginseng emulsions of groups 6-10 showed obvious flocculation, the ginseng emulsion of group 11 showed slight stratification, while groups 1 and 4 still did not show demulsification.

[0172] (2) The ginseng emulsions of groups 1 and 4 were selected for bioavailability determination. The bioavailability of the total components of the ginseng emulsions of groups 1 and 4 was as follows: Figure 7 As shown in Table 7, the results showed that the bioavailability of group 4 was slightly lower than that of group 1, so group 1 "carrageenan + xanthan gum + sodium carboxymethyl cellulose combination" was selected as the best stabilizer combination.

[0173] Table 7 Bioavailability of total components of ginseng emulsion

[0174]

[0175] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate insignificant differences (P>0.05).

[0176] Embodiment 14

[0177] (1) Using the ginseng extract obtained in Example 1 as the aqueous phase, the ratio is 95%, and edible corn oil as the oil phase, the ratio is 5%, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

[0178] (2) After adding 0.05% lecithin, 0.01% carrageenan, 0.01% xanthan gum and 0.01% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the mixed solution, high-speed shearing was performed at 12000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a crude emulsion. After the crude emulsion was passed through a 100-mesh sieve, high-pressure homogenization was performed three times at 100 bar to prepare a ginseng emulsion.

[0179] In Example 14, compared with Example 15, the amount of lecithin added was changed to 0.05%.

[0180] Embodiment 15

[0181] (1) Using the ginseng extract obtained in Example 1 as the aqueous phase, the ratio is 95%, and edible corn oil as the oil phase, the ratio is 5%, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

[0182] (2) After adding 0.1% lecithin, 0.01% carrageenan, 0.01% xanthan gum, and 0.01% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the mixed solution, high-speed shearing was performed at 12000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a crude emulsion. After the crude emulsion was passed through a 100-mesh sieve, high-pressure homogenization was performed three times at 100 bar to prepare a ginseng emulsion.

[0183] Example 15 corresponds to the preparation method of a group of ginseng emulsions in Table 6.

[0184] Experimental Example 4

[0185] In order to explore the effect of the amount of lecithin on the particle size of the ginseng emulsion, the ginseng emulsions prepared in Example 14 and Example 15 were sterilized at 121°C for 15 min, and the particle sizes of the prepared emulsions were measured before and after sterilization.

[0186] The results of the test are as follows Figure 8 As shown in Table 8, the results show that the particle size of the ginseng emulsion in Example 15 before and after sterilization is smaller than that in Example 14, indicating that the particle size change of the ginseng emulsion prepared by adding 0.1% lecithin before and after high-temperature sterilization is smaller and more stable.

[0187] Table 8 Particle size of ginseng emulsion before and after high temperature sterilization

[0188]

[0189] Example 16

[0190] (1) Using the ginseng extract obtained in Example 1 as the aqueous phase, the ratio is 95%, and edible corn oil as the oil phase, the ratio is 5%, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

[0191] (2) After adding 0.1% lecithin, 0.03% xanthan gum, 0.03% carrageenan, and 0.03% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the mixed solution, high-speed shearing was performed at 12000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a crude emulsion. After the crude emulsion was passed through a 100-mesh sieve, high-pressure homogenization was performed three times at 100 bar to prepare a ginseng emulsion.

[0192] Embodiment 17

[0193] (1) Using the ginseng extract obtained in Example 1 as the aqueous phase, the ratio is 95%, and edible corn oil as the oil phase, the ratio is 5%, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

[0194] (2) After adding 0.1% lecithin, 0.05% xanthan gum, 0.05% carrageenan, and 0.05% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the mixed solution, high-speed shearing was performed at 12000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a crude emulsion. After the crude emulsion was passed through a 100-mesh sieve, high-pressure homogenization was performed three times at 100 bar to prepare a ginseng emulsion.

[0195] Comparative Example 2

[0196] 0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (mass to volume ratio) was added to the clarified ginseng extract prepared in Comparative Example 1, and high-speed shearing was performed at 12000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a crude emulsion. After the crude emulsion was passed through a 100-mesh sieve, it was high-pressure homogenized three times at 100 bar to prepare a ginseng emulsion.

[0197] Experimental Example 5

[0198] 1. Experimental methods

[0199] The ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16, and Example 17 were sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes. The total protein content, total saponin content, total sugar content, particle size, and bioavailability of the different ginseng emulsions were measured before and after sterilization and on the 14th and 28th days during accelerated storage after sterilization (storage temperature was 37°C).

[0200] In addition, the ginseng emulsion prepared in Example 15 was sterilized at 121°C for 15 min, and its particle size was measured before and after sterilization and on the 14th and 28th days during accelerated storage after sterilization (storage temperature was 37°C).

[0201] (1) The determination method of total protein content, total saponin content and total sugar content is the same as that of Experimental Example 1.

[0202] (2) Particle size determination method: Dynamic light scattering analysis was performed using a Zetasizer Nano (Malvern Paralytical, Malvern) to determine the particle size distribution of the sample. The particle size distribution was determined by dynamic light scattering at 25°C using an argon laser (λ=658 nm) with a refractive index of 1.330.

[0203] (3) The bioavailability determination method is the same as that of Experimental Example 3.

[0204] (II) Experimental results

[0205] (1) Total saponin content of ginseng emulsion

[0206] The results of total saponin content determination of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16 and Example 17 before and after high temperature sterilization and during storage are as follows: Fig. 9 As shown in Table 9, the results show that the reduction in total saponin content of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Examples 16 and 17 after high-temperature sterilization is significantly smaller than that of Comparative Example 2.

[0207] Table 9 Total saponin content of different ginseng emulsions before and after high temperature sterilization and during storage

[0208]

[0209] (2) Total sugar content of ginseng emulsion

[0210] The total sugar content of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16 and Example 17 before and after high temperature sterilization and during storage is measured as follows: Fig.10 As shown in Table 10, the results show that the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16 and Example 17 have similar reductions in total sugar content after high-temperature sterilization, indicating that the ginseng emulsions prepared in Example 16 and Example 17 have good thermal stability and storage stability.

[0211] Table 10 Total sugar content of different ginseng emulsions before and after high temperature sterilization and during storage

[0212]

[0213] (3) Total protein content of ginseng emulsion

[0214] The total protein content of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16 and Example 17 before and after high temperature sterilization and during storage is measured as follows: Fig.11 As shown in Table 11, the results show that there is no significant difference in the total protein content of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16 and Example 17 before and after high-temperature sterilization, but on the 28th day of storage after sterilization, the total protein content of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Example 16 and Example 17 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2. In terms of the reduction range, the reduction range of the total protein content of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Example 16 and Example 17 is significantly smaller than that of Comparative Example 2 on the 14th and 28th days of storage after sterilization.

[0215] Table 11 Total protein content of different ginseng emulsions before and after high temperature sterilization and during storage

[0216]

[0217] (4) Particle size of ginseng emulsion

[0218] The particle size measurement results of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 15, Example 16 and Example 17 before and after high temperature sterilization and during storage are as follows: Fig.12 As shown in Table 12, the results show that the particle size increases to a certain extent after sterilization, and on the 14th and 28th days during storage after sterilization, the particle size of the ginseng emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 2 will continue to increase significantly, and the particle size is significantly larger than that of Examples 15, 16 and 17; on the 28th day during storage after sterilization, the particle size of the ginseng emulsion of Example 15 is larger than that of Examples 16 and 17 (due to flocculation in Example 17, this result is the particle size of the clear liquid), and the average particle size exceeds 1 μm, indicating that the particle size change of the ginseng emulsion of Example 16 is relatively smaller and more stable. It also shows that the amount of xanthan gum, carrageenan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose used in the preparation of ginseng emulsion will affect the change in particle size during storage.

[0219] Table 12 Particle size of different ginseng emulsions before and after high temperature sterilization and during storage

[0220]

[0221] (5) Bioavailability of ginseng emulsion ingredients

[0222] The bioavailability of the ginseng emulsion components prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16 and Example 17 is as follows: Fig.13 As shown in Table 13, the results show that the bioavailability of the ginseng emulsion component prepared in Example 16 is significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 2 and Example 17, indicating that the ginseng emulsion component prepared in Example 16 is of high quality and can be well digested and absorbed by the human body.

[0223] Table 13 Bioavailability of different ginseng emulsions

[0224]

[0225] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate insignificant differences (P>0.05).

[0226] (6) Macroscopic state of ginseng emulsion

[0227] The macroscopic changes of the samples of the ginseng emulsions prepared in Comparative Example 2, Example 16 and Example 17 after high temperature sterilization and during storage are shown in the following table: Fig.14 As shown, the results show that the ginseng emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 2 began to become clear and showed demulsification on the 14th day of storage, and obvious stratification appeared on the 28th day of storage; the ginseng emulsion prepared in Example 17 showed stratification on the 14th day of storage, and obvious clarification and stratification appeared on the 28th day of storage; the ginseng emulsion prepared in Example 16 still did not show demulsification and stratification on the 28th day after high-temperature sterilization, indicating that the ginseng emulsion prepared in Example 16 has good stability.

[0228] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ginseng extraction method, characterized in that: Ginseng is added to Tween aqueous solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1: (15-30), sheared, ultrasonically extracted, and centrifuged to prepare a ginseng extract.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Tween aqueous solution is a Tween 80 aqueous solution, and the concentration of the Tween 80 aqueous solution is 0.01% to 0.15%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shearing rotation speed is 3000-7000 rpm, and the shearing time is 5-10 min; the ultrasonic extraction condition is 150-300 w, and the ultrasonic extraction time is 25-30 min.

4. The ginseng extract prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. A method for preparing a ginseng emulsion with high thermal stability, characterized in that: (1) Mixing the ginseng extract according to claim 4 as the aqueous phase and corn oil as the oil phase to obtain a mixed solution; (2) Xanthan gum, carrageenan, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and lecithin were added to the mixed solution, sheared at 11000-13000 rpm for 8-10 min, and then passed through a 80-120 mesh sieve and homogenized at 100-300 bar for 2-4 times to prepare a ginseng emulsion.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mixing ratio of water phase and oil phase is (90-95):(5-10).

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The added amount of lecithin accounts for 0.05-0.1% of the mixed solution by volume.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The added amounts of xanthan gum, carrageenan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are all 0.01-0.05% by volume of the mixed solution.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of xanthan gum, carrageenan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 1:1:

1.

10. The ginseng emulsion prepared by the method according to any one of claims 5 to 9.

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