Catalyst for preparing chloropropanol through propylene glycol chlorination and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol through propylene glycol chlorination, and belongs to the technical field of catalyst preparation and application. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting zirconium salt with a silicon source substance under a low-temperature condition to prepare Zr-SiO2; zr-SiO2 and an aluminum source are subjected to hydrothermal treatment in the presence of a template agent, and a Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve is obtained; and finally, adding a molding aid and carrying out molding treatment to obtain the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst. The supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is used for preparing chloropropanol through propylene glycol chlorination, preparing a metal framework combination Zr-SiO2 under a low-temperature condition and carrying out hydrothermal treatment, mild conditions are beneficial to control of the crystal form and the pore structure of the catalyst and reduction of energy consumption, and the catalyst is designed into spherical particles, is small in particle size, and is suitable for industrial production. The mechanical strength and the flowability in the reactor can be improved, and the service life and the use effect of the catalyst can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorinating propylene glycol, a preparation method and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of catalyst preparation and application. Background Art

[0002] In the traditional chlorohydrin process for producing propylene oxide, chloropropanol is synthesized through the chlorohydrin reaction between chlorine, water and propylene. According to this process, about 1.35-1.6 tons of chlorine are consumed for each ton of chloropropanol produced, and 120-190 kg of dichloropropane will be produced as a by-product, while about 2 tons of solid waste and 40-80 tons of wastewater containing organic matter will be generated.

[0003] Since chlorine itself is a toxic substance, it not only poses a health threat to operators during the production process, but chlorine water can also cause serious corrosion to production equipment. In addition, with the generation of a large number of by-products and waste, these substances not only represent a waste of resources, but also pose a severe challenge to environmental protection. Although the chlorohydrin method has a high degree of technical maturity and relatively low investment costs, due to its high chlorine consumption and equipment corrosion problems, as well as the high cost of waste treatment, this method has obvious shortcomings in terms of environmental protection. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol, a preparation method and an application thereof.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst, the main body of which is a supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst, comprising a carrier and an active component, the carrier is a mesoporous Si-Al molecular sieve, and the active component is an active metal zirconium supported on the surface or in the pores of the carrier; the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2nm-8nm, and the molar ratio of Al to Zr in the catalyst is 2-5:1, and the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is 10-13:1.

[0006] Specifically, the catalyst is in the form of spherical particles with a particle size of 2 mm to 5 mm.

[0007] A method for preparing a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol, the technical scheme adopted is: under low temperature conditions, Zr-SiO2 is prepared by reacting a zirconium salt with a silicon source material; Zr-SiO2 and an aluminum source are hydrothermally treated in the presence of a template to obtain a Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve; and finally a supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is obtained by adding a molding aid and performing a molding treatment.

[0008] A method for preparing a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol comprises the following steps:

[0009] a) Under low temperature conditions of -3°C to 10°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel to adjust the pH value to 7 to 12; the temperature is raised to 30°C to 50°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2;

[0010] b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 60°C to 65°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 150°C to 170°C for a crystallization time of 48h to 72h; after washing and drying, calcining at a temperature of 500°C to 600°C for 6h to 8h to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve;

[0011] c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining a supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

[0012] Specifically, the zirconium source of the active metal zirconium in step a) above is zirconium chloride or zirconium nitrate.

[0013] Specifically, the dispersant in the above step a) is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide or sodium pyrophosphate.

[0014] Specifically, the organic base in the above step a) is tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, hexamethyleneimine or triethanolamine.

[0015] Specifically, in the above step b), the aluminum source is sodium aluminate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum sulfate or pseudo-boehmite, and the template agent is sodium hydroxide, octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0016] The invention discloses an application of a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol, which is used for preparing chloropropanol by catalytic chlorination of propylene glycol.

[0017] The invention discloses an application of a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorinating propylene glycol. The supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is uniformly filled into a microchannel reactor. Raw materials propylene glycol and hydrogen chloride enter the microchannel reactor for reaction. The reaction temperature is controlled at 100° C. to 150° C. The reaction pressure is normal pressure, and the molar ratio of propylene glycol to hydrogen chloride is 1:1.1 to 1.2.

[0018] A catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorinating propylene glycol, wherein propylene glycol and the zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst are mixed in a mass ratio of 20 to 30:1.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. Mild preparation conditions and high selectivity and activity. The metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2 is prepared under low temperature conditions and subjected to hydrothermal treatment. Mild conditions help control the crystal form and pore structure of the catalyst, reduce energy consumption, and the catalyst is designed as spherical particles with a small particle size, which helps to improve the mechanical strength and fluidity in the reactor, and can improve the service life and use effect of the catalyst.

[0021] 2. The raw materials have wide adaptability and the reaction conditions are flexible. In the catalyst preparation process, the active metal zirconium can be provided by zirconium chloride or zirconium nitrate, there are a variety of dispersants to choose from (such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, sodium pyrophosphate), and the organic base can also be selected from tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, hexamethyleneimine, and triethanolamine, and catalysts with good performance can be successfully prepared under different combinations, which reflects that the present invention has a wide adaptability to raw materials, is not limited to specific types of raw materials, and reduces the risk of raw material supply; the present invention has great flexibility in reaction conditions, can achieve effective catalysis within a wide range of conditions, and has relatively loose requirements on equipment and operating conditions in industrial production, reducing production costs and operating difficulties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used are commercially available.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] a) Under low temperature conditions of 0°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel to adjust the pH value to 9; the temperature is raised to 40°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2;

[0025] b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 65°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 60 hours of crystallization; after washing and drying, calcining at 550°C for 7 hours to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve;

[0026] c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

[0027] After the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is obtained, the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2-8 nm, and the molar ratio of metal Al to Zr in the catalyst is 3:1, while the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is maintained at 12:1.

[0028] Then, propylene glycol and the above-mentioned zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst were mixed in a mass ratio of 25:1, the materials were mixed evenly through a mixer, and then injected into a microchannel reactor with a micro pump. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was heated to 100° C., and HCl gas was introduced at a rate of 0.5 L / min. The HCl gas circulated through the loop, and 30% alkali solution was connected at the outlet to prevent the HCl gas from diffusing into the air. After 5 hours of reaction, the solution in the reactor was sampled to determine the content of chloropropanol in the organic phase, and the reaction was completed.

[0029] After the reaction is completed, the obtained reaction liquid is subjected to negative pressure distillation to extract biomass chloropropanol, and the obtained residual liquid is directly used as a catalyst for the next reaction.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] a) Under low temperature conditions of -3°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel and the pH value is adjusted to 7; the temperature is raised to 35°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2;

[0032] b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 60°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at 155°C for 48 hours of crystallization; after washing and drying, calcining at 550°C for 7 hours to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve;

[0033] c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

[0034] After the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is obtained, the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2-8 nm, and the molar ratio of metal Al to Zr in the catalyst is 2:1, while the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is maintained at 10:1.

[0035] Then, propylene glycol and the above-mentioned zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst were mixed in a mass ratio of 30:1, the materials were mixed evenly through a mixer, and then injected into a microchannel reactor with a micro pump. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was heated to 100° C., and HCl gas was introduced at a rate of 0.5 L / min. The HCl gas circulated through the loop, and 30% alkali solution was connected at the outlet to prevent the HCl gas from diffusing into the air. After 5 hours of reaction, the solution in the reactor was sampled to determine the content of chloropropanol in the organic phase, and the reaction was completed.

[0036] After the reaction is completed, the obtained reaction liquid is subjected to negative pressure distillation to extract biomass chloropropanol, and the obtained residual liquid is directly used as a catalyst for the next reaction.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] a) Under low temperature conditions of -2°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel and the pH value is adjusted to 8; the temperature is raised to 45°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2;

[0039] b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 65°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at 165°C for a crystallization time of 72 hours; after washing and drying, calcining at 500°C for 6 hours to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve;

[0040] c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

[0041] After the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is obtained, the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2-8 nm, and the molar ratio of metal Al to Zr in the catalyst is 4:1, while the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is maintained at 13:1.

[0042] Then, propylene glycol and the above-mentioned zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst were mixed in a mass ratio of 20:1, the materials were mixed evenly through a mixer, and then injected into a microchannel reactor with a micro pump. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was heated to 100° C., and HCl gas was introduced at a rate of 0.5 L / min. The HCl gas circulated through the loop, and 30% alkali solution was connected at the outlet to prevent the HCl gas from diffusing into the air. After 5 hours of reaction, the solution in the reactor was sampled to determine the content of chloropropanol in the organic phase, and the reaction was completed.

[0043] After the reaction is completed, the obtained reaction liquid is subjected to negative pressure distillation to extract biomass chloropropanol, and the obtained residual liquid is directly used as a catalyst for the next reaction.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] a) Under low temperature conditions of 3°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel and the pH value is adjusted to 9; the temperature is raised to 30°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2;

[0046] b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 60°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for a crystallization time of 50 hours; after washing and drying, calcining at 600°C for 8 hours to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve;

[0047] c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

[0048] After the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is obtained, the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2-8 nm, and the molar ratio of metal Al to Zr in the catalyst is 5:1, while the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is maintained at 10:1.

[0049] Then, propylene glycol and the above-mentioned zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst were mixed in a mass ratio of 25:1, the materials were mixed evenly through a mixer, and then injected into a microchannel reactor with a micro pump. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was heated to 100° C., and HCl gas was introduced at a rate of 0.5 L / min. The HCl gas circulated through the loop, and 30% alkali solution was connected at the outlet to prevent the HCl gas from diffusing into the air. After 5 hours of reaction, the solution in the reactor was sampled to determine the content of chloropropanol in the organic phase, and the reaction was completed.

[0050] After the reaction is completed, the obtained reaction liquid is subjected to negative pressure distillation to extract biomass chloropropanol, and the obtained residual liquid is directly used as a catalyst for the next reaction.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] a) Under low temperature conditions of -1°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel and the pH value is adjusted to 10; the temperature is raised to 50°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2;

[0053] b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 65°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at 155°C for 48 hours of crystallization; after washing and drying, calcining at 600°C for 7 hours to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve;

[0054] c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

[0055] After the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is obtained, the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2-8 nm, and the molar ratio of metal Al to Zr in the catalyst is 2:1, while the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is maintained at 12:1.

[0056] Then, propylene glycol and the above-mentioned zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst were mixed in a mass ratio of 25:1, the materials were mixed evenly through a mixer, and then injected into a microchannel reactor with a micro pump. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was heated to 100° C., and HCl gas was introduced at a rate of 0.5 L / min. The HCl gas circulated through the loop, and 30% alkali solution was connected at the outlet to prevent the HCl gas from diffusing into the air. After 5 hours of reaction, the solution in the reactor was sampled to determine the content of chloropropanol in the organic phase, and the reaction was completed.

[0057] After the reaction is completed, the obtained reaction liquid is subjected to negative pressure distillation to extract biomass chloropropanol, and the obtained residual liquid is directly used as a catalyst for the next reaction.

[0058] Example 6

[0059] a) Under low temperature conditions of 7°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel to adjust the pH value to 7; the temperature is raised to 50°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2;

[0060] b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 60°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at 150-170°C for a crystallization time of 72 hours; after washing and drying, calcining at 500°C for 8 hours to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve;

[0061] c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

[0062] After the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is obtained, the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2-8 nm, and the molar ratio of metal Al to Zr in the catalyst is 3:1, while the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is maintained at 11:1.

[0063] Then, propylene glycol and the above-mentioned zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst were mixed in a mass ratio of 20:1, the materials were mixed evenly through a mixer, and then injected into a microchannel reactor with a micro pump. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was heated to 100° C., and HCl gas was introduced at a rate of 0.5 L / min. The HCl gas circulated through the loop, and 30% alkali solution was connected at the outlet to prevent the HCl gas from diffusing into the air. After 5 hours of reaction, the solution in the reactor was sampled to determine the content of chloropropanol in the organic phase, and the reaction was completed.

[0064] After the reaction is completed, the obtained reaction liquid is subjected to negative pressure distillation to extract biomass chloropropanol, and the obtained residual liquid is directly used as a catalyst for the next reaction.

[0065] Example 7

[0066] a) Under low temperature conditions of 10°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel and the pH value is adjusted to 12; the temperature is raised to 30°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2;

[0067] b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 65°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at 170°C for 72 hours; after washing and drying, calcining at 600°C for 6 hours to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve;

[0068] c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

[0069] After the supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is obtained, the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2-8 nm, and the molar ratio of metal Al to Zr in the catalyst is 2:1, while the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is maintained at 13:1.

[0070] Then, propylene glycol and the above-mentioned zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst were mixed in a mass ratio of 30:1, the materials were mixed evenly through a mixer, and then injected into a microchannel reactor with a micro pump. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was heated to 100° C., and HCl gas was introduced at a rate of 0.5 L / min. The HCl gas circulated through the loop, and 30% alkali solution was connected at the outlet to prevent the HCl gas from diffusing into the air. After 5 hours of reaction, the solution in the reactor was sampled to determine the content of chloropropanol in the organic phase, and the reaction was completed.

[0071] After the reaction is completed, the obtained reaction liquid is subjected to negative pressure distillation to extract biomass chloropropanol, and the obtained residual liquid is directly used as a catalyst for the next reaction.

[0072] .

[0073] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the above disclosed technical content to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol, characterized in that: The main body is a supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst, including a carrier and an active component. The carrier is a mesoporous Si-Al molecular sieve, and the active component is an active metal zirconium supported on the surface or in the pores of the carrier; the Si-Al molecular sieve has a pore size of 2nm-8nm, and the molar ratio of Al to Zr in the catalyst is 2~5:1, and the molar ratio of Si to Al in the molecular sieve is 10~13:

1.

2. A catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst is in the form of spherical particles with a particle size of 2mm-5mm.

3. A method for preparing a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) Under low temperature conditions of -3°C to 10°C, active metal zirconium is dissolved in an aqueous phase, and a dispersant is added and stirred evenly to form a gel-like substance; then, an organic base is added to the gel to adjust the pH value to 7 to 12; the temperature is raised to 30°C to 50°C, and a silicon source material is added under this condition, and stirring is continued, and then the solvent is removed by distillation, and a drying treatment is performed to obtain a metal skeleton combination Zr-SiO2; b) adding the aluminum source and the Zr-SiO2 obtained in step a) to a solution containing a template at a temperature of 60°C to 65°C, stirring evenly, and performing a hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 150°C to 170°C for a crystallization time of 48h to 72h; after washing and drying, calcining at a temperature of 500°C to 600°C for 6h to 8h to finally obtain a supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve; c) dissolving the supported Zr-Si-Al molecular sieve obtained in step b) in an aqueous phase, adding a molding aid, mixing to form a wet mass, and obtaining a supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst by drying, extruding, molding, and screening.

4. A method for preparing a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol according to claim 3, characterized in that: The zirconium source of the active metal zirconium in step a) is zirconium chloride or zirconium nitrate.

5. A method for preparing a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dispersant in step a) is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide or sodium pyrophosphate.

6. A method for preparing a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol according to claim 3, characterized in that: The organic base in step a) is tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, hexamethyleneimine or triethanolamine.

7. A method for preparing a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step b), the aluminum source is sodium aluminate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum sulfate or pseudo-boehmite, and the template agent is sodium hydroxide, octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

8. Use of the catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Used for catalytic chlorination of propylene glycol to produce chloropropanol.

9. The use of a catalyst for preparing chloropropanol by chlorination of propylene glycol according to claim 8, characterized in that: The supported zirconium-based mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst is uniformly filled into a microchannel reactor, and raw materials propylene glycol and hydrogen chloride enter the microchannel reactor for reaction, and the reaction temperature is controlled at 100° C. to 150° C.; the reaction pressure is normal pressure, and the molar ratio of propylene glycol to hydrogen chloride is 1:1.1 to 1.2.