Application and use method of berberine, fertilizer preparation method and fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses application of berberine as a nitrification inhibitor, a use method of the berberine as the nitrification inhibitor, a preparation method of a fertilizer formed by the berberine and the fertilizer. According to indoor simulation and field plot and field verification tests, berberine shows a good inhibition effect on soil ammonia oxidizing bacteria when the use amount per mu is 10.0-15.0 g, conversion from ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen can be effectively delayed, and compared with a traditional nitrification inhibitor, the berberine has the advantage in the later stage of nitrification inhibition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fertilizers, and in particular to the use of berberine as a nitrification inhibitor, a use method, a fertilizer preparation method and the fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Due to the defects of traditional chemical fertilizers and their unscientific and unreasonable application, a series of problems such as low nutrient utilization rate, serious fertilizer waste, and increased non-point source pollution have been caused. Stable fertilizers containing nitrification inhibitors can delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen (including ammonium nitrogen directly contained in nitrogen fertilizers or compound fertilizers or ammonium nitrogen converted from amide nitrogen) to nitrate nitrogen, so that nitrogen exists in the soil in the form of ammonium nitrogen that is easily adsorbed by soil colloids. At the same time, it has the characteristics of nutrient release mode being synchronized with crop absorption law, which can significantly improve fertilizer utilization rate and provide an effective way to solve problems such as fertilizer resource waste and agricultural non-point source pollution. Existing chemically synthesized nitrification inhibitors have the disadvantages of a single inhibitor source, a short effective period in the soil, and easy decomposition. In recent years, BASF of Germany has launched new inhibitors LIMUS and DMPSA, but their core is still the derivatives of the original urease inhibitor NBPT and nitrification inhibitor DMPP. The source of the inhibitor is still relatively single and mainly chemically synthesized. There are still problems such as being affected by environmental factors, being easily decomposed by heat, and being quickly degraded in the soil, which reduces the efficiency of the inhibitor. Therefore, it is necessary to find plant-derived nitrification inhibitors to solve the above problems.

[0003] Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis, also known as berberine, with a molecular formula of C 20 H 18 NO 4 + , relative molecular mass is 336.36, density is 1.17g / cm 3, melting point is 204-205℃, boiling point is 486.8℃, soluble in water. Berberine is often used as an antibacterial drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections, and also has many other medical uses. In the field of agricultural fertilizers, berberine is also used. For example, invention patent application CN 111675569A discloses a high-efficiency flowering and fruiting-promoting composite foliar fertilizer for fruit trees and its preparation method, including chemical fertilizers, berberine hydrochloride, chitosan, polyacrylamide and other components, which have a positive and effective role in promoting the high yield and income of apples, and can effectively improve the yield rate of apples. Invention patent application CN107759373A discloses a method for preparing a slow-release fertilizer for lotus root with high fertilizer utilization rate, wherein Span and Tween are mixed evenly, olive oil is added and stirred, and then egg white, berberine hydrochloride and other components are added to make a first material, fermented composite bacteria are added to water and mixed evenly, and chicken manure, tea seed meal and other components are added to make a second material; ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, defluorinated phosphate fertilizer and other components are added to the second material and mixed evenly, granulated, sprayed into the first material for coating, and dried to obtain a slow-release fertilizer for lotus root with high fertilizer utilization rate. It can be seen that in the prior art, berberine is used together with other components and various fertilizers, and berberine is not used as a specific nitrification inhibitor. Summary of the invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide the use of berberine as a nitrification inhibitor, that is, berberine can inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen contained in nitrogen fertilizers or compound fertilizers or ammonium nitrogen produced by amide nitrogen contained therein into nitrate nitrogen to improve the performance of these fertilizers. This new property of berberine is first proposed and utilized in the present invention.

[0005] The present invention also provides a method for preparing fertilizer, wherein urea or compound fertilizer is mixed with berberine, and then directly applied or granulated and then applied, wherein the weight of berberine is 0.01-0.1% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer, preferably 0.01-0.05%. The fertilizer prepared by the method has a nitrification inhibition function.

[0006] Preferably, the urea or compound fertilizer is mixed with berberine in one of the following two ways: (a) urea or compound fertilizer is directly and evenly mixed with berberine mechanically, and then directly applied or granulated and then applied; (b) berberine is dissolved in ethanol to prepare a solution, and then the solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of urea granules or compound fertilizer granules, and dried.

[0007] More preferably, when berberine is dissolved in ethanol to prepare a solution, the mass ratio of berberine to the volume of ethanol is 10.0-15.0 g: 200.0-350.0 mL.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer consisting of urea and berberine, or a compound fertilizer and berberine, wherein the weight of berberine is 0.01-0.05% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer. The fertilizer has a nitrification inhibition function due to the berberine, and can delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using berberine, which comprises mixing 10.0-15.0 g berberine per mu with fertilizer and applying the mixture to crop fields.

[0010] Preferably, the fertilizer is urea or compound fertilizer, the weight of berberine is 0.01-0.05% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer, and the crop is corn, wheat or rice.

[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: by screening the nitrification inhibition function, chemical stability, toxicity and environmental protection of multiple materials, it is found that berberine has a nitrification inhibition effect in the fertilizer field, and has good chemical stability and environmental protection, and low toxicity. The present invention uses indoor simulation, field plot and field tests to conclude that berberine can inhibit soil ammonia oxidizing bacteria when the per mu dosage is 10.0-15.0g to effectively delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, which can increase the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil, reduce the content of nitrate nitrogen, and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present invention is further described below through specific implementation modes:

[0013] 1. Indoor simulation test

[0014] Soil samples of 0-20cm of the tillage layer were collected from the experimental site of Taiping Village, Changling Town, Songyuan City, Jilin Province, air-dried, and ground through a 2mm sieve for later use. In the experimental group, the weight of berberine was 0.25% of the weight of urea, and the weight of urea was 0.5% of the weight of air-dried soil. Berberine and urea were first crushed through a 1mm sieve, then mixed, and then mixed evenly with soil, and placed in culture pots, with 200.0g of soil in each culture pot; the control group was 0.5% of the weight of air-dried soil, and urea was first crushed through a 1mm sieve, and then the two were mixed evenly, and placed in culture pots, with 200.0g of soil in each culture pot. Water was added to soak the soil in both the experimental and control groups to keep the soil moisture content at 25%. Placed in the same constant temperature (30℃) environment, water was added every day according to weight loss. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was measured on the 10th, 30th, 50th, and 70th days respectively. Each time the sample was taken, the soil in the culture pot was poured out and mixed evenly. 5.0 g of the soil was placed in a conical flask and 2.00 mol·L -1100.0 mL of potassium chloride solution was placed in an oscillator, extracted for 1 hour, filtered, and measured with a 3-AA3 flow analyzer. The low nitrate nitrogen content indicates that berberine, as a nitrification inhibitor, delays the conversion of ammonium nitrogen from the decomposition of urea in the soil to nitrate nitrogen. The test results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that berberine showed a good nitrification inhibition effect from the 10th day to the 70th day, effectively reducing the nitrate nitrogen content, so that nitrogen fertilizer exists in the soil in the form of ammonium nitrogen, reducing the loss of nitrate nitrogen and improving the utilization rate.

[0015] Table 1 Monitoring results of nitrate nitrogen content in soil

[0016] Nitrate nitrogen (mg / kg) Day 10 Day 30 Day 50 Day 70 Experimental Group 159.3 208.4 455.4 602.5 Control group 197.1 499.3 703.8 883.7

[0017] 2. Comparative test

[0018] In the experimental field of Taiping Village, Changling Town, Songyuan City, Jilin Province, soil samples of 0-20cm of the tillage layer were taken, air-dried, and ground through a 2mm sieve for use. In the experimental group, berberine was 0.25% of urea, urea and berberine were crushed through a 1mm sieve, and the amount of urea was 0.5% of the air-dried soil. Berberine was first mixed with urea, and then mixed with soil evenly, and put into culture pots, and each culture pot was filled with 200.0g of soil; the control group used DCD (dicyandiamide) which is currently commonly used chemically synthesized as a control, and DCD was 0.5% of urea, urea and DCD were crushed through a 1mm sieve, and the amount of urea was 0.5% of the air-dried soil. DCD was first mixed with urea, and then mixed with soil evenly, and put into culture pots, and each culture pot was filled with 200.0g of soil. Water was added to soak the soil in both the experimental group and the control group to keep the soil moisture content at 25%. Place in the same constant temperature (30℃) environment, add water every day according to the weight loss. Measure the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil on the 10th, 30th, 50th and 70th days. Each time the soil in the culture pot is sampled and measured, pour it out, mix it evenly, take 5.0g of it, put it in a conical flask, and add 2.00mol·L -1 100.0 mL of potassium chloride solution was placed in an oscillator, extracted for 1 hour, filtered, and measured using a 3-AA3 flow analyzer. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0019] Table 2 Comparison results between berberine and DCD

[0020] Nitrate nitrogen (mg / kg) Day 10 Day 30 Day 50 Day 70 Test group - berberine 159.3 208.4 455.4 602.5 Control group-DCD 171.5 240.7 499.4 664.2

[0021] From the table above, it can be seen that when berberine is used at half the dosage of DCD, the effect is better than DCD from the 10th day to the 70th day, and the toxicity of berberine is also better than DCD. Berberine has good application prospects as a nitrification inhibitor.

[0022] 3. Cell experiment

[0023] A small plot verification experiment was conducted in the corn farmland of Xujia Village, Laosiping Town, Changtu County, Liaoning Province. Each plot has an area of ​​25m 2 (5m×5m). The experimental treatments were as follows: conventional fertilization (N), conventional fertilization + berberine, where the berberine dosage was 15.0g per mu.

[0024] Conventional fertilization: 977.1g of urea, 399.3g of heavy superphosphate, and 388.6g of potassium sulfate were applied to each plot, and the three were crushed through a 1mm sieve respectively, and then mixed evenly; Conventional fertilization + berberine: Each fertilizer and berberine were crushed through a 1mm sieve respectively, and the amount and type of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium used were the same as conventional fertilization. On this basis, 15.0g of berberine was applied per mu, and 0.56g was applied to each plot. The seeds, pesticides, and farming and management methods of the berberine plot and the control plot without berberine were consistent. When fertilizing, the conventional fertilization plot used 10 times the weight of farmland dry soil and fertilizer to mix evenly, evenly spread on the surface, and plowed and sowed. Each plot had 8 ridges and 20 plants per ridge; after berberine and fertilizer were mixed evenly, 10 times the weight of farmland dry soil and fertilizer were mixed evenly, spread on the surface, plowed and harrowed, and sowed. The amount of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil was measured on the 20th, 40th, 60th, 80th and 120th day, respectively. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Test method for nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil: Use a soil drill to take soil samples from the 0-20cm tillage layer, use the five-point cross sampling method, take 5 drills from each plot, and take about 300g of soil. Take the soil sample back to the laboratory, sieve it, mix it, take 5.0g of it, and use 2.00mol·L -1 The solution was extracted with potassium chloride and measured with a 3-AA3 flow analyzer.

[0025] Table 3 Monitoring results of nitrate nitrogen in soil

[0026]

[0027] Table 4 Monitoring results of ammonium nitrogen in soil

[0028]

[0029] The yield was measured at the harvest time. From the 4th and 5th ridges in the middle of each plot, 5 plants were taken from the 7th plant in each ridge, for a total of 10 plants. The corn was broken off and brought back to the laboratory, threshed, air-dried, and weighed. The weight measurement results showed that the average yield of the experimental group was 1006.5 kg / mu; the average yield of the control group was 942.7 kg / mu. The average yield increase rate was 6.7%.

[0030] In summary, berberine showed a good nitrification inhibition effect in the corn plot experiment, effectively increasing the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil, reducing the nitrate nitrogen content, and effectively increasing corn yield.

[0031] 4. Field trials

[0032] Field trials were conducted to further test the effects of berberine combined with urea or compound fertilizers.

[0033] (1) Shandong corn experiment

[0034] The test site is located at the South Campus Experimental Base of Shandong Agricultural University, Taishan District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province. Setup: two treatments: conventional fertilization and conventional fertilization + berberine, 3 replicates for each treatment, 1 mu for each treatment, and the initial fertility level of each plot is consistent. The dosage of berberine is 15.0 g per mu, and berberine is dissolved in 250.0 mL of ethanol to prepare a solution; according to the application of 28.5 kg of urea (the weight of berberine is 0.05% of the weight of urea), 7.0 kg of potassium chloride (potassium oxide ≥ 62%), and 7.5 kg of diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) per mu, the ethanol solution of berberine is evenly sprayed on the surface of urea particles, dried, and evenly mixed with potassium chloride and diammonium phosphate, and the seed fertilizer is applied with the seeder, sowing and fertilization are completed simultaneously. For conventionally fertilized plots, 28.5 kg of urea, 7.0 kg of potassium chloride (potassium oxide ≥ 62%), and 7.5 kg of diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) are applied per mu. Urea, potassium chloride, and diammonium phosphate are directly mixed evenly, and the seed fertilizer is applied with the seeder, so that sowing and fertilization are completed simultaneously. No more topdressing is done in the later stage, and weeding, spraying and other measures remain the same. At the harvest time, a harvester is used, and each plot is harvested separately. After drying and dehydration, the harvest is weighed to obtain the actual yield. The average yield of the three plots is the final data.

[0035] (2) Jiangsu Rice Experiment

[0036] The test site is located in Youfang Village, Sheyanghu Town, Baoying County, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Two treatments are set: conventional fertilization and conventional fertilization + berberine. Each treatment has 3 replicates and each treatment area is 1 mu. The initial fertility level of each plot is consistent. The dosage of berberine is 10.0g per mu. Berberine is dissolved in 250.0mL of ethanol to prepare a solution. Conventional compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ratio of 20-12-16 is used as base fertilizer. It is applied at a dosage of 45.0 kg per mu. The ethanol solution of berberine is evenly sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles and dried (the weight of berberine is 0.02% of the weight of compound fertilizer). For the control plot, only conventional compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ratio of 20-12-16 is applied at a dosage of 45.0 kg per mu. Ploughing, soaking, harrowing, and machine transplanting synchronous side deep fertilization technology are used, and transplanting and fertilization are carried out simultaneously. All treatments in the tillering stage applied urea at 10.0 kg / mu, and other weeding and spraying measures remained the same. At the harvesting stage, a harvester was used to harvest each plot separately, and the actual yield was obtained by weighing after drying and dehydration. The average yield of the three plots was the final data.

[0037] (3) Henan Wheat Experiment

[0038] The test site is located in Qiaolaozhuang Village, Shiqiao Town, Ningling County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Setup: two treatments of conventional fertilization and conventional fertilization + berberine, 3 replicates for each treatment, 1 mu for each treatment area, and the initial fertility level of each plot is consistent. The dosage of berberine is 15.0 g per mu, and berberine is dissolved in 300.0 mL of ethanol to prepare a solution; conventional compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ratio of 18-22-15 is used as a base fertilizer, and the berberine ethanol solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of conventional compound fertilizer particles according to a per mu dosage of 50.0 kg, and dried (the weight of berberine is 0.03% of the weight of compound fertilizer). Conventional compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ratio of 18-22-15 is used as a base fertilizer for the conventional fertilization plot, and is applied at a per mu dosage of 50.0 kg. All treatments are kept in the same tillage method, plowing, raking, and using a seed and fertilizer sowing machine, sowing and fertilization are completed simultaneously. All treatments applied urea at 15 kg / mu before spring irrigation, and other weeding and spraying measures remained the same. At the harvest time, a harvester was used to harvest each plot separately, and the actual yield was obtained after drying and dehydration. The average yield of the three plots was the final data, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0039] Table 5 Yield measurement results at harvest time

[0040] Yield (kg / mu) Shandong corn Jiangsu Rice Henan wheat Experimental Group 702 617 595 Control group 657 578 527 Yield increase rate (%) 6.8 6.7 12.9

[0041] In summary, berberine can be used as a nitrification inhibitor to effectively inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen in fertilizers to nitrate nitrogen. Mixing berberine with urea or compound fertilizer can effectively increase grain yields.

[0042] The above embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention rather than to limit it. Under the concept of the present invention, technical solutions that have not been substantially changed are still protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of berberine as a nitrification inhibitor.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that Berberine is used to inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen contained in or produced by nitrogen fertilizers or compound fertilizers into nitrate nitrogen.

3. A method for making a fertilizer, characterized in that Urea or compound fertilizer is mixed with berberine, and the weight of berberine is 0.01-0.1% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer.

4. The method for making a fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that The weight of the berberine is 0.01-0.05% of the weight of the urea or compound fertilizer.

5. The method for making the fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that The urea or compound fertilizer is mixed with berberine in one of the following two ways: (a) urea or compound fertilizer is directly and evenly mixed with berberine mechanically, and then directly applied or granulated and then applied; (b) berberine is dissolved in ethanol to prepare a solution, and then the solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of urea granules or compound fertilizer granules and dried.

6. The method for making the fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that When berberine is dissolved in ethanol to prepare a solution, the mass ratio of berberine to the volume of ethanol is 10.0-15.0 g: 200.0-350.0 mL.

7. A fertilizer, characterized in that The invention consists of urea and berberine, or consists of compound fertilizer and berberine, and the weight of berberine is 0.01-0.05% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer.

8. The fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that It is manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 3 to 6.

9. The method for using berberine is characterized by Berberine is mixed with fertilizer at a dosage of 10.0-20.0 g per mu and applied to crop fields.

10. The method for using berberine according to claim 9, characterized in that The fertilizer is urea or compound fertilizer, the weight of berberine is 0.01-0.05% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer, and the crop is corn, wheat or rice.

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