Tunneling construction method, tunneling machine cutterhead and tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and particularly provides a tunneling construction method, a tunneling machine cutterhead and a tunneling machine. The tunneling construction method comprises the steps that when a concrete pile foundation is encountered in the tunneling process, tunneling is stopped, tearing cutters of the whole cutterhead are dismantled, hobs are replaced and installed in situ, and after the hobs are installed, tunneling continues till the position of the concrete pile foundation is passed. The heading machine cutter head and the heading machine are used for realizing the heading construction method. The existing conventional thought that a tearing cutter is adopted to break the concrete pile foundation is abandoned, when the concrete pile foundation is encountered during construction, the tearing cutter is not adopted any more, hobs are adopted in situ, cutting edges of the hobs can rotate to extrude and break rocks, the concrete pile foundation can be efficiently broken, and the construction efficiency is improved. The problem that an existing tearing knife is seriously abraded when breaking a concrete pile foundation is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and in particular relates to an excavation construction method, a tunnel boring machine and a cutter head thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous advancement of underground space development projects, large-diameter slurry shield machines have begun to be promoted and applied in tunnel projects across rivers and seas with complex hydrogeology. In the above-mentioned projects, the strata are mostly silty clay, sand layers, and silt. The soft resistance provided by the strata is not enough to make the roller cutter rotate. Therefore, for the above-mentioned soft soil strata, the cutter head is generally equipped with a tearing knife. However, in actual construction, pile foundation structures such as piles, portals, and continuous walls of existing buildings may be encountered, which are often concrete casting structures. The tearing knife is generally suitable for strata with a strength of less than 20MPa. For this kind of concrete casting structure, the tearing knife wears and breaks very quickly, and the tearing knife needs to be replaced frequently, which is extremely costly. The method of manual chiseling has a high safety risk.

[0003] In the face of the above problems, there are two conventional technical means in the prior art: ① Improve the structure of the tearing knife to make it more wear-resistant. For example, the patent document with application publication number CN107842370A discloses a replaceable tearing knife device for sand and gravel formations, in which the tearing knife head is arc-shaped, and a wear-resistant layer and a hard alloy block are provided on the knife head, which can reduce the contact area between the tearing knife blade and the formation, and at the same time improve the strength of the tearing knife.

[0004] ② Change the height of the tearing cutters at different positions and add roller cutters to the cutterhead. For example, the patent document with application publication number CN115030734A discloses a cutterhead for shield cutting large-diameter reinforced concrete pile foundations. The cutterhead is divided into a central area, a main grinding area, and a main damage area from the inside to the outside in radial direction. The central area and the main grinding area are equipped with main tearing cutters, and the main damage area is a combination of welded tearing cutters and roller cutters. The main tearing cutter has the highest cutter height and is the main pile cutting tool. For example, the patent document with application publication number CN118442070A discloses a shield cutterhead for cutting reinforced concrete ground-anchored walls in water-rich soft strata. The cutterhead is equipped with a telescopic roller, an advanced bolted tearing knife, a bolted tearing knife and an ordinary roller located at the radially outermost side on the base. The maximum blade height of the telescopic roller>the blade height of the advanced bolted tearing knife>the blade height of the bolted tearing knife=the blade height of the roller, among which the advanced bolted tearing knife is the main pile cutting and pile grinding tool.

[0005] It is not difficult to understand from the analysis of the above two conventional technical means that in order to solve the problem of difficulty in cutting piles with a cutter disc in soft soil, the current common idea is still to use a tearing knife as the main tool to break the concrete pile foundation. For technical means ①, increasing the hardness of the tearing knife will reduce the impact resistance (toughness) of the tearing knife, and the tearing knife is prone to fracture and failure, and in fact, the tearing knife needs to be replaced frequently. For technical means ②, due to the different heights of the knives of each part, the number of tearing knives that contact the concrete pile foundation in the initial stage is small, and this part of the tearing knife will be greatly impacted, and in fact, it is easy to fail quickly, and the problem of frequent replacement of tearing knives has not been completely solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunneling construction method to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the tearing blade of the soft soil cutter disc is easy to fail when breaking the concrete pile foundation and needs to be replaced frequently. The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a tunneling machine cutter disc and a tunneling machine having the tunneling machine cutter disc, so as to realize the above tunneling construction method and solve the same technical problem.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the excavation construction method provided by the present invention is: A tunneling construction method, when encountering a concrete pile foundation during the tunneling process, the tunneling is stopped, the tearing knives of the entire cutter disc are removed, and the roller cutters are replaced and installed in situ. After the roller cutters are installed, the tunneling is continued until the concrete pile foundation position is passed.

[0008] As a further improvement, after the roller cutters are installed, the cutter heights of the roller cutters are the same.

[0009] As a further improvement, the diameter of the installed hob is 6 inches to 10 inches.

[0010] As a further improvement, when the tearing knife is removed, the tearing knife holder on which the tearing knife is installed is removed simultaneously, and when the rolling cutter is installed, the rolling cutter holder adapted to the rolling cutter is used.

[0011] As a further improvement, in the radial direction, the cutter disc is divided into a center area, a front area, and an edge area from inside to outside according to a set range. The hob installed in the center area is a three-edge hob, the hob installed in the front area is a double-edge hob, and the hob installed in the edge area is a single-edge hob.

[0012] The present invention is a pioneering invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: the present invention abandons the conventional idea of ​​using a tearing knife to break concrete pile foundations. When encountering concrete pile foundations during construction, the tearing knife is no longer used, and the whole plate is replaced in situ with a roller. The blade of the roller can rotate and squeeze the rock to break the concrete pile foundation efficiently. The present invention can make full use of the characteristics of the tearing knife and the roller, and solve the problem of severe wear of the existing tearing knife when breaking concrete pile foundations.

[0013] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the tunnel boring machine cutter head provided by the present invention is: A tunnel boring machine cutter disc comprises a base body, a tearing knife mounting position is provided on the base body, a tearing knife is mounted on the tearing knife mounting position, and also comprises a spare roller cutter. The tearing knife mounting position is a universal mounting position commonly used for mounting the tearing knife and the spare roller cutter, so that when encountering a concrete pile foundation during the tunneling process, the tearing knife can be removed in situ and replaced with a spare roller cutter.

[0014] As a further improvement, the diameter of the spare hob is 6 inches to 10 inches.

[0015] As a further improvement, the tearing knife is installed in the tearing knife installation position through the tearing knife holder, and the spare roller cutter is also configured with an independent roller cutter holder for being installed in the tearing knife installation position through the roller cutter holder.

[0016] As a further improvement, the spare rollers include three specifications: three-edge rollers, double-edge rollers, and single-edge rollers. Different specifications are used to be installed in corresponding tearing knife installation positions.

[0017] The present invention is an improved invention creation, and its beneficial effect is: different from the prior art, the tunnel boring machine cutter head in the present invention is equipped with a spare roller cutter, and the spare roller cutter can also be normally installed in the tearing cutter installation position, so that when encountering a concrete pile foundation during construction, the tearing cutter is no longer used, and the entire disc is replaced with a roller cutter in situ, and the blade of the roller cutter can rotate and squeeze the rock to break the concrete pile foundation efficiently. The present invention can make full use of the characteristics of the tearing cutter and the roller cutter, and solve the problem of severe wear of the existing tearing cutter when breaking the concrete pile foundation.

[0018] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is: A tunnel boring machine comprises a tunnel boring machine cutter disc, the tunnel boring machine cutter disc comprises a base body, a tearing knife mounting position is provided on the base body, a tearing knife mounting position is installed with a tearing knife, and also comprises a spare roller cutter, the tearing knife mounting position is a universal mounting position commonly used for installing the tearing knife and the spare roller cutter, so that when encountering a concrete pile foundation during the tunneling process, the tearing knife can be removed in situ and replaced with a spare roller cutter.

[0019] As a further improvement, the diameter of the spare hob is 6 inches to 10 inches.

[0020] As a further improvement, the tearing knife is installed in the tearing knife installation position through the tearing knife holder, and the spare roller cutter is also configured with an independent roller cutter holder for being installed in the tearing knife installation position through the roller cutter holder.

[0021] As a further improvement, the spare rollers include three specifications: three-edge rollers, double-edge rollers, and single-edge rollers. Different specifications are used to be installed in corresponding tearing knife installation positions.

[0022] The present invention is an improved invention creation, and its beneficial effect is: different from the prior art, the tunnel boring machine cutter head in the present invention is equipped with a spare roller cutter, and the spare roller cutter can also be normally installed in the tearing cutter installation position, so that when encountering a concrete pile foundation during construction, the tearing cutter is no longer used, and the entire disc is replaced with a roller cutter in situ, and the blade of the roller cutter can rotate and squeeze the rock to break the concrete pile foundation efficiently. The present invention can make full use of the characteristics of the tearing cutter and the roller cutter, and solve the problem of severe wear of the existing tearing cutter when breaking the concrete pile foundation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tunnel boring machine cutter head embodiment of the present invention when a tearing knife is installed; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tunnel boring machine cutter head embodiment of the present invention when a spare roller cutter is installed; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cutter height of a tunnel boring machine cutter head in an embodiment of the present invention when a spare roller cutter is installed; Figure 4 A partial cross-sectional view of the installation position of a three-blade hob of a tunnel boring machine cutterhead embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view of the installation position of the double-edged hob of the tunnel boring machine cutter head embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of the installation position of a single-edged hob in a tunnel boring machine cutterhead embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Description of reference numerals: 1. Base; 2. Tearing knife; 3. Edge roller; 4. Three-edge roller; 5. Double-edge roller; 6. Single-edge roller; 7. Roller seat; 8. Cylinder; 9. Gate; 10. Cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to solve the problem that the tearing knife of the conventional soft soil cutter disc is easy to fail when breaking the concrete pile foundation, the basic technical concept of the present invention is to completely remove the tearing knife and replace the roller cutter in situ when encountering the concrete pile foundation during construction, and the roller cutter is responsible for breaking the concrete pile foundation, making full use of the characteristics of the tearing knife and the roller cutter, and solving the problem of severe wear of the existing tearing knife when breaking the concrete pile foundation. The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0026] Specific embodiments of the excavation construction method provided by the present invention: The excavation construction method provided in this embodiment is applicable to the case where a large-diameter full-section tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as the tunnel boring machine) encounters a concrete pile foundation on the excavation path of a soft soil layer, wherein the concrete pile foundation includes a continuous wall, a tunnel door, a building pile, etc. The specific structure of the tunnel boring machine and the excavation, support, and slag removal process are prior art, and will not be introduced in detail in this article. Only the relevant structure involving the tunnel boring machine cutter head is described below.

[0027] When excavating in normal soft soil, Figure 1 As shown, the rock breaking tool used by the cutter head is a tearing knife 2, wherein the tearing knife 2 can be a tearing knife 2 in the prior art, such as a tearing knife 2 installed (welded or inlaid) with a cemented carbide or polycrystalline diamond composite sheet, which can be flexibly selected according to the actual geological conditions. In addition, consistent with the prior art, an edge roller 3 is installed at the outer edge of the base 1 to play a diameter protection role.

[0028] For the cutter disc, if the tearing knife 2 is to be installed, it naturally has a position for installing the tearing knife 2, namely, the tearing knife installation position. As a most basic implementation method, during the entire construction process, when encountering a concrete pile foundation, if the tearing knife 2 is used to forcibly break the concrete pile foundation, the tearing knife 2 is very easy to wear, break and become ineffective. In this embodiment, the cutter disc is also equipped with a spare roller. In normal soft soil layers, the spare roller is only used as a spare. When encountering a concrete pile foundation, the excavation should be stopped first, and then the tearing knife 2 of the entire disc should be removed, and the spare roller should be replaced and installed in situ. After the spare roller is installed (such as Figure 2 The concrete pile foundation is broken by the spare roller cutter until the position of the concrete pile foundation is passed.

[0029] For the cutterhead, the tearing cutter installation position configured therein should be a universal installation position for installing the tearing cutter 2 and the spare roller cutter, so that the basis for replacing and installing the spare roller cutter in situ is available. After passing the concrete pile foundation position, the tearing cutter 2 is replaced and continued to dig forward.

[0030] It is not difficult to understand from the analysis of the above process that the present embodiment adopts a roller cutter to break the concrete pile foundation, abandoning the technical idea of ​​using the conventional tearing knife 2 to forcibly break the concrete pile foundation. The roller cutter squeezes the concrete pile foundation while rotating, and has a high rock breaking efficiency and is not easy to wear and break, thus solving the problem of the tearing knife 2 being prone to failure.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 3As shown, after the spare rollers are installed, the cutter heights of the rollers are the same. In this way, the rollers at different positions in the center and the periphery can contact the face (concrete pile foundation) at the same time, and the roller at a certain position will not be subjected to excessive force, which can improve the force on the roller and ensure the normal use of the roller. However, it should be noted that due to the low linear speed at the center position, in some other implementations, it is not completely ruled out that the cutter height in the center area is appropriately increased.

[0032] As another preferred embodiment, the diameter of the spare cutter, i.e. the replaced cutter, is 6 inches to 10 inches, such as 6 inches, 8 inches, and 10 inches. This embodiment method once again abandons the traditional idea of ​​using large diameter cutters of 17 inches or more to break hard rocks. By using small diameter cutters within the above range, more cutters can be arranged and the cutter spacing can be controlled within a smaller range. At the same time, this also means that more tearing knives 2 can be installed, thereby improving the excavation efficiency of soft soil formations. The basic structure of the small diameter cutter is consistent with the prior art, and it is specifically necessary to select bearings that meet the load-bearing capacity according to the actual load conditions.

[0033] On the basis of any of the above embodiments, as a further preferred embodiment, in order to ensure that both the spare roller cutter and the tearing knife 2 can have the best stress state, for the cutter disc, an independent tearing knife seat can be configured for the tearing knife 2, so that the tearing knife 2 can be installed in the tearing knife installation position through the tearing knife seat, and an independent and adapted roller cutter seat 7 can be configured for the roller cutter, so that the roller cutter can be installed in the tearing knife installation position through the roller cutter seat 7. When removing the tearing knife 2, the installed tearing knife 2 and the tearing knife seat need to be removed simultaneously, and the adapted roller cutter seat 7 is used when installing the roller cutter.

[0034] Since the tearing knife 2 and the roller cutter have different structures and rock breaking mechanisms, configuring a more suitable knife seat for each of them can ensure that both the tearing knife 2 and the roller cutter are in a better stress state, thereby ensuring that both the tearing knife 2 and the roller cutter can fully exert their performance.

[0035] However, it should be noted that in other embodiments, it is not excluded to use a tool holder commonly used for mounting the tearing knife 2 and the rolling knife, and the knife can be changed during construction.

[0036] Here we take the cutter head with normal pressure tool change as an example. Figure 4-Figure 6 The tearing knife installation position set on the base 1 is composed of a knife barrel 8 installed on the base 1. A gate 9 that can be opened and closed is provided at the rear of the knife barrel 8. The opening and closing of the gate 9 can be controlled by a cylinder 10. When removing the tearing knife 2, the tearing knife seat can be pulled out of the knife barrel 8 as a whole. When it is returned to the rear side of the gate 9, the gate 9 can be closed to prevent the mud in front of the face from pouring in. When installing the roller cutter, the gate 9 is opened, the roller cutter seat 7 and the roller cutter are put into the knife barrel 8 as a whole, and the roller cutter seat 7 is connected to the base 1.

[0037] In addition, as another preferred embodiment, the spare hob configured for the cutter head actually has three specifications, namely, a three-blade hob 4 ( Figure 4 )、Double-edged hob 5( Figure 5 )、Single-edge hob 6( Figure 6 ), different specifications of the roller can be installed in the corresponding tearing knife installation position. Figure 2 As shown, for the cutter disc, in the radial direction, the setting range from the inside to the outside is the center area, the front area, and the edge area. The hob installed in the center area is a three-edge hob 4, the hob installed in the front area is a double-edge hob 5, and the hob installed in the edge area is a single-edge hob 6.

[0038] Since the linear speed gradually decreases from the center to the edge area, if only single-edged rollers 6 are used, it will be difficult to control the blade spacing within a smaller range. Although the concrete breaking operation can be completed, the construction efficiency still needs to be improved. The three-edged roller 4 is installed in the central area, so that the actual blade spacing is the distance between two adjacent blades of the three-edged roller 4, so that the blade spacing can be controlled within a smaller range, such as 50mm-100mm. For the edge area, its linear speed is the largest and the operating conditions are the worst, and the overall strength of the single-edged roller 6 is better than that of the three-edged roller 4 and the double-edged roller 5, which can also ensure the service life of the rollers in the edge area. For the front area between the edge area and the center area, the use of the double-edged roller 5 can ensure a reasonable blade spacing on the one hand, and on the other hand, it also makes the roller at this position have sufficient strength.

[0039] The specific embodiment of the tunnel boring machine cutter head provided by the present invention is as follows: The embodiment of the tunnel boring machine cutter head has the same structure as the tunnel boring machine cutter head described in the above tunnel boring construction method embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0040] The specific embodiment of the tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is as follows: The tunnel boring machine includes a cutterhead having the same structure as that recorded in the above-mentioned tunnel boring machine cutterhead embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments without creative work, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunneling construction method, characterized in that When encountering a concrete pile foundation during excavation, stop excavation, remove the tearing cutters from the entire cutter disc, replace and install the roller cutter in situ, and continue excavation after the roller cutter is installed until the concrete pile foundation is passed.

2. The excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the hobs are installed, the cutter heights of all hobs are the same.

3. The excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the installed hob is 6 inches to 10 inches.

4. The excavation construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that When the tearing knife is removed, the tearing knife holder on which the tearing knife is installed is removed simultaneously, and when the roller cutter is installed, the roller cutter holder adapted to the roller cutter is used.

5. The excavation construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the radial direction, the cutter disc is divided into a center area, a front area, and an edge area from the inside to the outside according to the set range. The hob installed in the center area is a three-edge hob, the hob installed in the front area is a double-edge hob, and the hob installed in the edge area is a single-edge hob.

6. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead, comprising a base body, a tearing knife mounting position is provided on the base body, and a tearing knife is installed at the tearing knife mounting position, wherein: It also includes a spare roller cutter, and the tearing knife installation position is a universal installation position for installing the tearing knife and the spare roller cutter, so that when encountering a concrete pile foundation during the excavation process, the tearing knife is removed in situ and replaced with a spare roller cutter.

7. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the spare reel is 6 inches to 10 inches.

8. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The tearing knife is installed at the tearing knife installation position through the tearing knife holder, and the spare roller cutter is also configured with an independent roller cutter holder for being installed at the tearing knife installation position through the roller cutter holder.

9. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The spare rollers include three specifications: three-edge rollers, double-edge rollers and single-edge rollers. Different specifications are used to be installed in the corresponding tearing knife installation positions.

10. A roadheader, comprising a roadheader cutterhead, characterized in that: The tunnel boring machine cutterhead is the tunnel boring machine cutterhead according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

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