Strip-shaped intercropping method for millet and soybean

Abstract

The invention discloses a belt-shaped intercropping planting method for millet and soybean. Turning over the land, mixing eupolyphaga excrement and straw, piling the mixture on the turned-over land for fermentation, and turning over the land again after fermentation is finished; carrying out strip-shaped intercropping on the soybeans and the millet, and carrying out daily management on the soybeans and the millet. The fermentation comprises the steps of mixing eupolyphaga with straw, adjusting the moisture content, and uniformly throwing the mixture on the ploughed land for natural fermentation. The number of rows of the soybean belts is four, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the row number of the millet belts is 7-8, the row spacing is 35 cm, and the distance between the bean belts and the millet belts is 60-70 cm. According to the method, millet-soybean strip-shaped intercropping is carried out in a row spacing reducing and row spacing expanding mode, and fermented eupolyphaga excrement is applied, so that the yield and quality of millet and soybeans are improved, weeds generated in a millet-soybean intercropping field can be effectively controlled, and diseases of soybeans and millet can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop intercropping, and in particular to a method for strip intercropping of millet and soybean. Background Art

[0002] Millet is a traditional specialty crop originating from my country. It has outstanding characteristics such as drought and barrenness resistance, rich nutrition, dual-purpose for food and feed, and profound farming culture. It will play an important role in coping with future climate change, ensuring food security in arid and semi-arid areas, and advocating a big food concept to enrich the dietary structure. Soybeans are native to China and are cultivated in various parts of China. They are also widely cultivated around the world. Soybeans are one of China's important food crops. They have a cultivation history of 5,000 years. They are a crop whose seeds are rich in plant protein, with a protein content of 35% to 40%. Soybeans are most commonly used to make various soy products, extract soybean oil, brew soy sauce, and extract protein. Soybean-made products have a wide range of uses. Studies have shown that soybean-corn strip intercropping is an important way to make full use of the advantages of side rows, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and improve efficient resource utilization.

[0003] Soybean diseases include soybean blight, soybean anthracnose, soybean virus disease, soybean aphids, etc. Millet diseases include millet white spot disease, millet rust, millet blight, etc. Comprehensive measures need to be taken to prevent and control crop diseases, including agricultural control, biological control and chemical control, but chemical control is currently the main method. However, for the intercropping pattern of multiple crops, it is necessary to use a variety of chemical control measures in a targeted manner according to the type of crop, such as using a variety of pesticides for prevention and control. In addition, the field weeds of soybeans and millet include various types of grass weeds and various types of herbicides, which require the use of multiple dosage forms of herbicides, but there will be a problem of increased resistance of weeds to herbicides. Therefore, a method of strip intercropping of millet and soybeans is needed, which can improve the yield and quality of millet and soybeans, reduce field weeds, and effectively control millet and soybean diseases without chemical control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for intercropping millet and soybean in strips. The present invention adopts the mode of "reducing plant spacing and expanding row spacing" for intercropping millet and soybean in strips, and applies fermented earthworm feces, which not only improves the yield and quality of millet and soybean, but also effectively controls the weeds produced in the millet and soybean intercropping field, and also reduces the diseases of soybean and millet. It achieves multiple goals at one stroke and provides a new idea for intercropping millet and soybean in strips.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for strip intercropping of millet and soybean, the method comprising: Plow the land, mix earthworm feces and straw, pile them on the plowed land for fermentation, and after fermentation, plow the land again; intercrop soybeans and millet in strips, and carry out daily management of soybeans and millet.

[0006] Preferably, the tillage depth is 0-20 cm; the re-tillage depth is 0-20 cm.

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of the earthworm feces to the straw is 10-50:1-5; and the straw is at least one of soybean straw or millet straw.

[0008] Preferably, the fermentation is to mix the earthworms with the straw respectively, adjust the moisture content to 50-70%, and evenly spread them on the plowed land for natural fermentation.

[0009] Preferably, the fermentation time is 7 to 15 days, and the pile is turned every two days.

[0010] Preferably, the application amount of the earthworm feces and straw is 40-60 kg / mu.

[0011] Preferably, the strip-shaped intercropping is as follows: soybeans and millet are both planted in strip-shaped intervals; the number of rows of the soybean strip is 4, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the number of rows of the millet strip is 7-8, and the row spacing is 35 cm.

[0012] The row spacing for soybeans is 40cm; the row spacing for millet is 35cm.

[0013] Preferably, the spacing between the soybean belt and the millet belt is 60-70 cm.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for strip intercropping of millet and soybeans for use in at least one of the following 1 to 4): 1) Increase the yield of soybean and millet; 2) Increase the amino acid content in millet; 3) Reduce weed growth; 4) Reduce pests and diseases of soybeans and millet.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) The "millet-soybean" strip intercropping model of the present invention not only develops the dominant crop millet, but also expands the soybean production area, providing a new model for innovation and development in other regions. The millet sowing rate reaches more than 80% of that of single sowing, and the soybean sowing rate reaches more than 60% of that of single sowing. Compared with single cropping, the average millet production per mu of intercropped field in strip intercropping is 344.7 kg and soybean production is 88.9 kg. The millet yield is basically equivalent to the millet yield of single cropping (380.1 kg / mu), reaching 90.48% of the millet yield of single cropping, achieving the dual goals of basically stable millet yield and harvesting more than 100 kilograms of additional soybeans. The soil equivalent ratio under the "millet-soybean" intercropping treatment reaches 1.30, which effectively improves soil utilization. After adding earthworm fermented feces, the average millet production per mu of intercropped field is 366.2 kg and soybean production is 96.4 kg, further increasing the yield of millet and soybeans; it also reduces the diseases of soybeans and millet.

[0016] (2) The present invention mixes earthworm excrement with straw on the cultivated land and ferments it, then plows it into the soil to carry out "millet-soybean" strip intercropping. This not only improves the yield and quality of millet and soybean, but also reduces weeds in the field and reduces pests and diseases. The present invention opens up a new path for green planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of millet-soybean strip intercropping model of the present invention; Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of harvesting of millet-soybean strip intercropping model of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0019] As introduced in the background technology section, soybean and millet intercropping needs to target soybeans, and it is difficult to remove various weeds in soybean and millet intercropping with a single dosage form of herbicide.

[0020] Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for intercropping millet and soybean in strips. Figure 1 As shown, the "reduced plant spacing and expanded row spacing" mode is adopted to improve the overall intercropping density and the convenience of agricultural machinery operation. The number of rows for multiple millet and soybeans is set to 7~8 rows and 4 rows respectively, the row spacing is set to 35 cm and 40 cm respectively, and the belt spacing is 60~70 cm. The millet sowing amount reaches more than 80% of single sowing, and the soybean sowing amount reaches more than 60% of single sowing. In agricultural machinery operation, ordinary small-grain (millet sowing) and large-grain (soybean sowing) crop seeders can meet production needs. Figure 2As shown, since the growth period of millet is longer than that of soybean, millet is harvested after sowing at the same time, so the number of millet and soybean rows is set based on the size of the millet combine harvester header, which is consistent with the requirements of the combine harvester and reduces the difficulty of mechanical operation and fuel consumption. And it is found in the experiment that this strip planting mode can reduce field weeds. Compared with conventional intercropping, strip intercropping reduces the amount of weeds by 20-30%. Before planting millet and soybean, the present invention first ferments earthworm feces on the strip sowing land. The straw can not only provide the nitrogen source and carbon source required for fermentation, but also provide nutrients for the soil after fermentation; the earthworm feces contains a large amount of soluble nutrients such as uric acid, amino acids and proteins, which can also provide nutrients for crops. It was found in the experiment that adding fermented earthworm feces not only increased the yield of soybeans and millet, but also reduced the incidence of crop diseases by nearly 50%, which may be related to the bacteria contained in the earthworm feces. After entering the soil, they can kill harmful fungi in the soil, thereby effectively inhibiting the occurrence of crop diseases.

[0021] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0023] Test Example 1 In mid-June 2022, a planting experiment was conducted in Xili Village, Gaocheng. The experimental fields were divided into three groups: Example 1 group, CK0 group and CK1 group.

[0024] Example 1: A 10-mu millet-soybean strip intercropping test field was planted, using an 8-row millet + 4-row soybean planting pattern, and the varieties selected were Jigu 39, a high-quality, high-yield, herbicide-resistant millet variety bred by the Millet Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, and Jidou 21, a high-protein soybean variety bred by the Grain and Oil Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. The planting adopted the "expanding strip spacing, reducing row spacing" technology, with a millet row spacing of 35 cm, a soybean row spacing of 40 cm, and a millet-bean row spacing of 65 cm; the whole process was mechanized and precise sowing, the comprehensive row ratio of the plot was 8:4, the comprehensive area ratio of millet and beans was 60.5%:39.5%, the millet sowing rate was 0.8 kg / mu, and the soybean sowing rate was 2.5 kg / mu.

[0025] CK0 group: 5 mu of millet monoculture (CKM) and 5 mu of soybean monoculture (CKS) were used as blank controls, recorded as CK0, with millet row spacing of 40 cm, soybean row spacing of 50 cm, millet sowing rate of 1.0 kg / mu, and soybean sowing rate of 4.0 kg / mu.

[0026] CK1 group: 10 mu of soybean and millet intercropping was used as the control group and was recorded as CK1. The millet plant spacing was 35 cm, the soybean plant spacing was 40 cm, and the spacing between soybeans and millet was 36 cm. The millet sowing rate was 8 kg / mu and the soybean sowing rate was 2.5 kg / mu.

[0027] The three groups of experimental fields were managed in the same daily manner, and no herbicides were used in the daily management. Starting from the beginning of August, 1m2 of the field was randomly selected in each group every month. 2 The number of weeds on the land was counted. The statistical principle was: weed height ≥ 5 cm. According to the main types of weeds in North China, the number of 10 weeds was counted, including Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria viridis, Cistanche deserticola, Goosegrass, Teff, Amaranthus chinensis, Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Xanthium sibiricum, and Commelina communis. Ten groups of parallel tests were conducted on each acre of land, and the results were calculated as the average value.

[0028] Before harvesting, the number of millet ears and soybean plants in the three experimental fields was counted; after harvesting, the dry weight of millet and soybean produced per mu was weighed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0029] Table 1 Statistics of weed quantity and yield under three planting modes Note: The same letters in each column indicate that the difference is not significant (P>0.05), while different letters indicate that the difference is significant (P<0.05).

[0030] As can be seen from Table 1, the millet and soybean yields of Example 1 group are higher than those of CK1 group, and the total yield is higher than that of CK0 group. The CK0 group has low density and low land utilization rate; although the CK1 group has high density and land utilization rate, the millet belt and the soybean belt are close to each other, and the millet and soybean are entangled, resulting in a large loss rate of mechanical harvesting of millet and soybean. From the perspective of economic benefits, the economic benefits achieved by Example 2 group are much higher than those of CK0 group and CK1 group. According to the statistics of the number of weeds, it can be seen that the strip planting method of Example 1 group has the least weeds compared with CK0 group and CK1 group. It shows that the strip planting pattern can reduce weeds in the field. Compared with conventional intercropping, strip intercropping reduces the amount of weeds by 20~30%.

[0031] Test Example 2 In mid-June 2023, a planting experiment was conducted in Xili Village, Gaocheng. The plots of this experiment were different from those of Experiment 1. The specific experimental settings were the same as those of Experiment 1. The experiment was divided into five groups: Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 divided the land with the same soil fertility into 6 groups, and planted 4 mu in each group.

[0032] Example 1 group: the same as Example 1 of Test Example 1.

[0033] Example 2 Group: Before the test, the land to be cultivated was plowed to a depth of no more than 20 cm. 160 kg of earthworm feces and 40 kg of soybean straw (3-5 cm) were mixed evenly, and then sprayed with water to make the moisture content 50%. 50 kg / mu was evenly spread on the land to be cultivated, covered with film and fermented for 10 days, and turned over every two days. Then, the millet and soybean strip intercropping was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0034] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 2 is that the earthworm feces are replaced with an equal amount of Eupolyphaga sinensis powder.

[0035] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 2 is that no earthworm feces was added.

[0036] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 2 is that soybean straw is not added.

[0037] The weed count was the same as in Example 1. Starting from the beginning of July, 100 millet plants were randomly selected per mu every month to investigate the incidence of millet sheath blight, white spot disease, and nematode disease and calculate the incidence of millet; 100 soybean plants were randomly selected per mu every month to investigate the incidence of soybean charcoal rot and soybean virus disease and calculate the incidence of soybean; the results were averaged. After harvesting, the dry weight of millet and soybean produced per mu was weighed, and then the soybean protein content of soybean (detected by Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method) and the amino acid content of millet (detected by referring to the method of GB / T 5009.124-2003) were tested. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Among them, the incidence rate = number of diseased plants / total number of investigated plants × 100%; e / t(%) indicates the percentage of a certain amino acid content in the total amino acids; the soy protein content in soybeans refers to the percentage of soy protein in the total mass of soybeans.

[0039] Table 2 Yield statistics of each treatment group Note: The same letters in each column indicate that the difference is not significant (P>0.05), while different letters indicate that the difference is significant (P<0.05).

[0040] As can be seen from Table 2, the economic benefits, soybean and millet yields and quality of Example 2 group are higher than those of other groups, and the incidence rates of soybean and millet are lower than those of other groups. In terms of the number of weeds, Example 2 group is higher than Example 1 group and Comparative Examples 2 to 3 groups. It may be that the soybean straw and earthworm feces added in Example 2 increase the nutrients in the soil, which increases the number of weeds. The difference between Comparative Example 3 group and Example 2 group is that no straw is added, and the incidence rate of Comparative Example 3 group is higher than that of Example 2 group, indicating that suppressing the incidence of crops not only depends on earthworm feces, but is also related to the fermentation of straw and earthworm feces. Compared with Example 2 group, the number of weeds and the disease rate of Comparative Example 1 group are higher than those of Example 2 group, indicating that the effect of using earthworm feces is significantly better than that of using earthworms.

[0041] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping millet and soybeans in strips, characterized in that: The method is: Plow the land, mix earthworm feces and straw, pile them on the plowed land for fermentation, and after fermentation, plow the land again; intercrop soybeans and millet in strips, and carry out daily management of soybeans and millet.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The depth of the tillage is 0-20 cm; the depth of the second tillage is 0-20 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of earthworm excrement to straw is 10-50:1-5; the straw is at least one of soybean straw or millet straw.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation comprises mixing the earthworms with the straws respectively, adjusting the moisture content to 50-70wt%, and evenly spreading the mixture on the tilled land for natural fermentation.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The fermentation time is 7 to 15 days, and the pile is turned every two days.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The application amount of the earthworm feces and straw is 40-60 kg / mu.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The strip intercropping is as follows: soybeans and millet are both planted in strip-like spacing; the number of rows of the soybean strip is 4, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the number of rows of the millet strip is 7-8, and the row spacing is 35 cm.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The distance between the soybean belt and the millet belt is 60-70 cm.

9. Use of the millet-soybean strip intercropping method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in at least one of the following 1 to 4): 1) Increase the yield of soybean and millet; 2) Increase the amino acid content in millet; 3) Reduce weeds in the field; 4) Reduce pests and diseases of soybeans and millet.

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