Soilless culture method of pseudo-ginseng

Abstract

The invention relates to a soilless culture method of pseudo-ginseng. The culture method comprises the following steps: 1) pseudo-ginseng seedling preparation; 2) substrate treatment; 3, cultivation management, wherein pseudo-ginseng seedlings are transplanted to the substrate in the step 2, and growth-promoting bacteria are applied to be matched with the nutrient solution. Through a series of experiments, substrate components and additive component growth-promoting bacteria are screened to determine proper substrate components and growth-promoting bacteria types, so that the growth effect of soilless culture of the panax notoginseng is further improved, the continuous cropping obstacle of soil culture of the panax notoginseng is solved, the panax notoginseng planting technology is optimized, and the planting cost of panax notoginseng cultivation can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation and propagation, and particularly relates to a soilless cultivation method for Panax notoginseng. Background Art

[0002] Panax notoginseng, whose scientific name is Panax notoginseng (Burk.) FHChen, belongs to the genus Panax in the Araliaceae family. Its medicinal properties have long been known to humans and it has a long history of artificial cultivation.

[0003] The natural distribution area of ​​Panax notoginseng is very limited, mainly concentrated in the medium and high altitude areas between 23°-24°N and 104°-107°E, especially in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Panax notoginseng has extremely stringent requirements for the growth environment and there is a problem of continuous cropping, that is, continuous planting of Panax notoginseng in the same plot will lead to increased pests and diseases, decreased yield and reduced quality. Therefore, the traditional soil cultivation method requires frequent changes in the planting site, which not only limits the large-scale cultivation of Panax notoginseng, but also increases the cost of cultivation.

[0004] In order to overcome the limitations of soil cultivation, researchers began to explore soilless cultivation technology. Soilless cultivation, also known as hydroponics or nutrient solution cultivation, is a cultivation method that uses nutrient solution instead of soil to provide the nutrients needed for plant growth. This method can precisely control the environmental conditions for plant growth, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, and improve crop yield and quality.

[0005] Existing research on soilless cultivation of Panax notoginseng mainly focuses on the selection of substrates and the formulation of nutrient solutions.

[0006] For example, "A Preliminary Study on the Screening of Matrix for Soilless Seedling Cultivation of Panax notoginseng" takes the commonly used matrix for soilless seedling cultivation as the cornerstone and screens the matrix formula suitable for cultivating high-quality Panax notoginseng seedlings, providing a scientific basis for subsequent research on soilless seedling cultivation of Panax notoginseng.

[0007] CN105948861B, uses the Panax notoginseng hydroponic nutrient solution of the present invention to cultivate Panax notoginseng. Experiments have confirmed that the nutrient solution can meet the nutritional elements required by Panax notoginseng during the hydroponic process, and the method of the present invention can not only greatly promote the survival rate of Panax notoginseng and the growth of its fibrous roots during the hydroponic process, but also facilitate the collection of Panax notoginseng root secretions, which is beneficial to the research process of Panax notoginseng continuous cropping obstacles.

[0008] CN106613855A, using specific matrix components and methods, Panax notoginseng seedling cultivation is significantly superior to conventional seedling cultivation methods using soil for new land planting in terms of germination rate, plant height, stem circumference, and incidence rate. Using soilless matrix for seedling cultivation enables Panax notoginseng to be planted on a large scale in suitable areas, which greatly alleviates the problem of shortage of land resources for Panax notoginseng cultivation.

[0009] Although some progress has been made in existing research, there are still some challenges in practical application. For example, how to further improve the growth efficiency of soilless cultivation of Panax notoginseng, how to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles, and how to reduce the cost of cultivation. In addition, existing soilless cultivation methods often ignore the effects of the physical and chemical properties of the substrate on plant growth, as well as the role of microorganisms in plant growth. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a soilless cultivation method for Panax notoginseng, which aims to improve the growth efficiency of Panax notoginseng, solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles, and reduce cultivation costs by optimizing the matrix components and combining the use of specific growth-promoting bacteria. It has significant technical advantages and economic benefits in practical applications.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0012] A soilless cultivation method for Panax notoginseng, the main steps comprising:

[0013] 1) Preparation of Panax notoginseng seedlings;

[0014] 2) Matrix treatment;

[0015] 3) Cultivation and management: The Panax notoginseng seedlings are transplanted to the substrate in the above step 2) and nutrient solution is applied for cultivation and management.

[0016] Furthermore, the matrix treatment is to subject the matrix to high temperature or chemical treatment.

[0017] Furthermore, the substrate contains river sand, peat and coconut husk.

[0018] Furthermore, the weight ratio of the river sand, peat and coconut husk is 1-6:1-10:1-6; preferably 2-5:2-6:2-5; preferably 2-4:3-5:2-4; preferably 3:4:3.

[0019] Further, the nutrient solution contains macroelements and trace elements. Macroelements contain sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. Trace elements contain ferrous sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate, etc. Efficacy of sodium nitrate: providing sodium and nitrogen elements. Sodium can increase the conductivity of the nutrient solution and regulate the osmotic pressure. Nitrogen is one of the macroelements required for plant growth. Efficacy of calcium nitrate: providing calcium and nitrogen elements. Calcium helps to form and stabilize cell walls and participates in the synthesis of important substances such as proteins and nucleic acids. Efficacy of potassium nitrate: providing potassium and nitrogen elements. Potassium can promote photosynthesis and enhance stress resistance of plants. The role of nitrogen is as mentioned above. Efficacy of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: providing phosphorus and nitrogen elements. Phosphorus participates in important physiological processes such as energy metabolism and synthesis of genetic material in plants. Efficacy of ferrous sulfate: providing iron elements. Iron is an element necessary for chlorophyll synthesis and is essential for photosynthesis of plants. Efficacy of boric acid: participating in the elongation and division of plant cells. Efficacy of manganese sulfate: participating in the redox reaction in plants and having a certain effect on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. Zinc sulfate effect: Participates in the composition and activity regulation of various enzymes in plants, and plays an important role in growth and development. Copper sulfate effect: Participates in physiological processes such as redox reactions and photosynthesis in plants. Sodium molybdate effect: Participates in physiological processes such as nitrogen metabolism in plants.

[0020] Furthermore, the nutrient solution contains 200 mg / L sodium nitrate (NaNO3), 300 mg / L calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O), 100 mg / L potassium nitrate (KNO3), 100 mg / L diammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4), 2 mg / L ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O), 1 mg / L boric acid (H3BO3), 2 mg / L manganese sulfate (MnSO4·4H2O), 0.2 mg / L zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O), 0.08 mg / L copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O), 0.02 mg / L sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4·2H2O), and the volume is made up to 1L with pure water.

[0021] Furthermore, the nutrient solution is irrigated once every 1-10 days, 50-2000 mL per plant. Preferably, the root is irrigated once every 2-8 days; preferably, the root is irrigated once every 3-7 days; preferably, the root is irrigated once every 4-6 days. Preferably, 100-1500 mL per plant; preferably, 200-1300 mL per plant; preferably, 300-1200 mL per plant; preferably, 300-1000 mL per plant; preferably, 300-800 mL per plant; preferably, 300-700 mL per plant; preferably, 400-600 mL per plant.

[0022] Furthermore, a growth-promoting bacterial suspension is further applied during the soilless cultivation of Panax notoginseng.

[0023] Furthermore, the roots are irrigated with a suspension of growth-promoting bacteria once every 1-15 days; preferably every 2-14 days; preferably every 3-13 days; preferably every 4-13 days; preferably every 5-13 days; preferably every 6-13 days; preferably every 7-13 days; preferably every 8-12 days; preferably every 9-11 days.

[0024] Further, the growth-promoting bacterial suspension 10 5 -10 15 cfu / mL; preferably 10 6 -10 14 cfu / mL; preferably 10 7 -10 14 cfu / mL; preferably 10 8 -10 13 cfu / mL; preferably 10 8 -10 12 cfu / mL; preferably 10 8 -10 11 cfu / mL; preferably 10 8 -10 10 cfu / mL.

[0025] Furthermore, the application amount of the growth-promoting bacteria suspension is 5-100 mL / strain; preferably 5-90 mL / strain; preferably 5-80 mL / strain; preferably 5-70 mL / strain; preferably 5-60 mL / strain; preferably 5-50 mL / strain; preferably 5-40 mL / strain; preferably 10-30 mL / strain.

[0026] Furthermore, the growth-promoting bacteria contain rhizobia.

[0027] Beneficial Effects

[0028] 1) Based on the previous research ("Preliminary Study on the Screening of Soilless Seedling Matrix for Panax notoginseng"), the applicant further discovered through experiments that the combination of river sand, peat and coconut bran has achieved significant technical effects in soilless cultivation of Panax notoginseng compared with other matrix components. The reason may be that the combination provides a suitable matrix physical structure. River sand ensures good air permeability of the matrix, which is conducive to the respiration of Panax notoginseng roots; peat contains rich organic matter, which can provide nutrients and maintain a certain amount of moisture; coconut bran has good water retention and air permeability, and also has buffering capacity. The reasonable combination of the three allows the matrix to maintain appropriate moisture and nutrients, and ensures that the roots of Panax notoginseng have a good ventilation environment. In addition, this matrix ratio may enable the nutrients in the nutrient solution to be better absorbed and utilized. At the same time, suitable air permeability and water retention capacity also contribute to the diffusion of nutrients in the matrix and the absorption of plant roots.

[0029] 2) The application of growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus subtilis, rhizobium, Serratia praeci, Bacillus polymyxa, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis has improved the growth indicators of the aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, taproot length, number of fibrous roots, and root-crown ratio of Panax notoginseng soilless cultivation to a certain extent, among which the rhizobium treatment group has the most significant improvement. It can be clearly seen that the cooperation of rhizobia with nutrient solution and matrix produces a synergistic effect. The acquisition of the best effect of the rhizobium treatment group may be due to the combined effect of nitrogen fixation, hormone effect, phosphorus activation, disease resistance and growth promotion of rhizobia. These factors together provide a more suitable growth environment for Panax notoginseng, thereby promoting its healthy and rapid growth. The acquisition of the technical effect of the present application is the result of the combined effect of the physical and chemical properties of the specific matrix, the activity of specific functional microorganisms, the reasonable ratio of the nutrient solution, and good environmental control and cultivation management. These factors together provide a suitable growth environment for Panax notoginseng, thereby promoting its healthy and rapid growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following describes the implementation methods of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] If no specific experimental steps or conditions are specified in the examples, the conventional experimental steps or conditions described in the literature in the field can be used. If no manufacturer is specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained commercially.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Experimental Materials

[0034] Nutrient solution: Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) 200 mg / L, calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) 300 mg / L, potassium nitrate (KNO3) 100 mg / L, diammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) 100 mg / L, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) 2 mg / L, boric acid (H3BO3) 1 mg / L, manganese sulfate (MnSO4·4H2O) 2 mg / L, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O) 0.2 mg / L, copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) 0.08 mg / L, sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4·2H2O) 0.02 mg / L, and pure water to make up to 1L.

[0035] The particle size of river sand is 1-2 mm; the particle size of perlite is 3-6 mm; the particle size of peat is 5 mm; coconut bran was purchased from Shanghai Qingdu Horticulture Co., Ltd.

[0036] Experimental procedures

[0037] 1. Preparation of Panax notoginseng seedlings

[0038] Select Panax notoginseng seedlings from the same batch with consistent growth conditions and good health, treat them appropriately, clean the roots and trim the damaged parts.

[0039] 2. Matrix Treatment

[0040] The river sand, peat, perlite and coconut husk are sterilized at high temperature to kill the existing germs and pests. Then the sterilized river sand, peat, perlite and coconut husk are compounded according to the proportions in Table 1 and set aside.

[0041] Table 1 Composite matrix ratio

[0042] Treatment Group River sand peat Perlite Coconut peat A 3 4 3 --- B --- 4 3 3 C 3 4 --- 3 D 3 --- 3 4

[0043] 3. Different matrix treatments

[0044] The treated Panax notoginseng seedlings were transplanted into planting pots filled with different substrate groups as recorded in Table 1. Nutrient solution was applied 5 days after planting, and the roots were irrigated once every 5 days, with 200 mL per plant. The temperature, light and humidity conditions of the greenhouse environment were controlled, the temperature was maintained at 18-25°C, the light intensity was moderate, and strong light was avoided. The relative humidity was controlled at 60%-80%, making it suitable for the growth of Panax notoginseng. Each treatment had 24 plants, and three replicates were set.

[0045] 4. Data Collection and Analysis

[0046] After two months of cultivation, the growth indicators of Panax notoginseng were measured, including the fresh weight of the aboveground part, the fresh weight of the underground part, the number of fibrous roots, the length of fibrous roots and the root-crown ratio.

[0047] The collected data were statistically analyzed to compare the differences between different treatment groups.

[0048] Table 2 Effects of different substrates on the growth of Panax notoginseng in soilless culture

[0049]

[0050] It can be concluded from Table 2 that under the conditions of substrate treatment group C (river sand: peat: coconut bran = 3:4:3), the growth indicators of aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, taproot length, number of fibrous roots and root-crown ratio were significantly improved compared with other substrate treatment groups. The reason for this may be that the combination of river sand, peat and coconut bran provides a suitable physical structure. River sand ensures good air permeability, which is conducive to the respiration of roots; peat contains rich organic matter, which can provide nutrients and maintain a certain amount of water; coconut bran has good water retention and air permeability, and also has buffering capacity. The reasonable combination of the three enables the substrate to maintain appropriate water and nutrients, and ensure a good ventilation environment for the roots. In addition, this substrate ratio may enable the nutrients in the nutrient solution to be better absorbed and utilized. For example, the humus in peat may interact with certain elements in the nutrient solution to promote the effectiveness of nutrients. At the same time, suitable air permeability and water retention capacity also contribute to the diffusion of nutrients in the substrate and the absorption of plant roots.

[0051] Example 2 Effects of different growth-promoting bacteria on soilless cultivation of Panax notoginseng

[0052] Bacillus subtilis (ATCC23857, Shanghai Sanshu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)

[0053] Serratiaplymuthica (HZB549406, Wuhan Huizao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)

[0054] Rhizobium populi (ATCC15834, Shanghai Beinuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)

[0055] Paenibacillus polymyxa (CMCC63512, Shanghai Beinuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)

[0056] Pseudomonas chlororaphis (ATCC13985, Shanghai Beinuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)

[0057] Preparation of growth-promoting bacterial suspension: According to the conventional activation method of bacterial strains, the commercial growth-promoting bacteria were activated with liquid culture medium, and the activated strains were cultured at 28°C and 250 rpm for 24 h. At 4°C, centrifuged at 6000 r / min for 15 min, and then the supernatant was discarded to collect the bacteria. Then, the bacteria were resuspended with sterile water to a concentration of 1×10 9 (CFU / mL), etc.

[0058] The same operation as in the above-mentioned embodiment 1.

[0059] 1. Preparation of Panax notoginseng seedlings

[0060] Select Panax notoginseng seedlings from the same batch with consistent growth conditions and good health, treat them appropriately, clean the roots and trim the damaged parts.

[0061] 2. Matrix Treatment

[0062] The substrate is sterilized by high temperature steam sterilization to kill possible germs and pests. The sterilized substrate is then placed in a cultivation container.

[0063] 3. Transplant the treated Panax notoginseng seedlings into planting pots filled with substrate group C (river sand: peat: coconut bran = 3:4:3). Start applying nutrient solution 5 days after planting, irrigate the roots once every 5 days, 200 mL per plant; start applying growth-promoting bacterial suspension (10 9 cfu / mL, as shown in Table 3) root irrigation treatment, irrigate the roots once every 10 days, 20mL / plant. Control the temperature, light and humidity conditions of the greenhouse environment, keep the temperature at 18-25℃, moderate light intensity, avoid direct sunlight, and control the relative humidity at 60%-80% to make it suitable for the growth of Panax notoginseng. Each treatment has 24 plants, and three replicates are set. CK, use an equal amount of clean water instead of bacterial suspension for root irrigation treatment.

[0064] 4. Data Collection and Analysis

[0065] After two months of cultivation, the growth indicators of Panax notoginseng were measured, including the fresh weight of the aboveground part, the fresh weight of the underground part, the number of fibrous roots, the length of fibrous roots and the root-crown ratio.

[0066] The collected data were statistically analyzed to compare the differences between different treatment groups.

[0067] Table 3 Effects of different growth-promoting bacteria on the growth of Panax notoginseng in soilless culture

[0068]

[0069] It can be concluded from Table 3 that the addition of growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus subtilis, rhizobium, Serratia praeci, Bacillus polymyxa, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis has improved the growth indicators of the aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, taproot length, number of fibrous roots, and root-crown ratio of Panax notoginseng in soilless cultivation to a certain extent, among which the rhizobium treatment group has the most significant improvement. The reasons are analyzed as follows: 1) Rhizobium has the ability to fix nitrogen and can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen forms that can be used by plants. In a soilless cultivation environment, even if there is nitrogen provided by nutrient solution, the additional nitrogen provided by rhizobia may be more conducive to the growth of Panax notoginseng plants, especially in the stage when the plant growth demand for nitrogen is high, which meets the large demand for nitrogen of Panax notoginseng, thereby promoting the growth of the aboveground and underground parts of the plant, including the increase in fresh weight, the growth of taproots and fibrous roots, etc. 2) Plant hormone secretion. Rhizobia may secrete some plant hormones or substances similar to plant hormones that other growth-promoting bacteria do not have in the soilless cultivation of Panax notoginseng. These substances can regulate the growth and development process of Panax notoginseng plants, such as promoting cell division and elongation, thereby increasing indicators such as the number of fibrous roots and the root-crown ratio. Plant hormones may also affect the plant's absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients, further promoting the overall growth of the plant. 3) Rhizobia may have established a more effective symbiotic relationship with Panax notoginseng plants than other growth-promoting bacteria. In this symbiotic relationship, rhizobia not only provide nitrogen and plant hormones, but may also help plants better absorb other nutrients, such as phosphorus and potassium. At the same time, plants may also provide rhizobia with a suitable living environment and carbon source. This mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship allows Panax notoginseng plants to grow better under the action of rhizobia.

[0070] In this specification, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the embodiments described later, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the previous embodiments.

[0071] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A soilless cultivation method for Panax notoginseng, characterized in that: The cultivation method comprises: 1) Preparation of Panax notoginseng seedlings; 2) Matrix treatment; 3) Cultivation and management: Transplant the Panax notoginseng seedlings into a substrate containing river sand, peat and coconut husk, apply nutrient solution, and apply a bacterial suspension containing rhizobia every 5-15 days; The bacterial suspension 10 5 -10 15 cfu / mL; The weight ratio of the river sand, peat and coconut husk is 2-5:2-6:2-5.

2. The soilless cultivation method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the river sand, peat and coconut husk is 2-4:3-5:2-4.

3. The soilless cultivation method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the growth-promoting bacteria suspension is 5-100 mL / plant.

4. The soilless cultivation method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacterial suspension 10 7 -10 14 cfu / mL.

5. The soilless cultivation method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacterial suspension is applied once every 8-12 days, with an application amount of 10-30 mL / strain. 8 -10 12 cfu / mL.

6. The soilless cultivation method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution is irrigated into the roots once every 3-7 days.

7. The soilless cultivation method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution contains sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and sodium molybdate.

8. The soilless cultivation method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate treatment is to subject the substrate to high temperature or chemical treatment.

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