Mariculture water circulation micro-ecological system and process thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a mariculture water circulation micro-ecosystem and a process thereof. The culture pond and the settling pond, the settling pond and the biological filter, the biological filter and the ultraviolet disinfection unit and the ultraviolet disinfection unit and the culture pond are connected through pipelines respectively, a first filler area filled with microbial filler is arranged below the culture pond, and a second filler area filled with microbial filler is arranged in the biological filter. The culture pond is provided with a first water inlet connected with an external water source, the ultraviolet disinfection unit is provided with a fourth water outlet used for discharging water, and the solar panel and the wind generating set are connected with electric equipment in the system through the inverter and the grid-connected cabinet. Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the cyclic utilization rate of water resources is remarkably increased, and pollution to the environment is reduced; a micro-ecological system is constructed, and the immunity of cultured organisms is enhanced; the energy dependence and the operation cost are reduced, and sustainable development is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a seawater aquaculture water circulation micro-ecological system and a process thereof. Background Art

[0003] Traditional marine aquaculture faces environmental pressure and resource shortages: low water utilization, which can easily lead to water quality deterioration, frequent diseases, and negative impacts on the surrounding marine ecological environment. The main manifestations are as follows:

[0004] (1) Threat of eutrophication of water bodies: In order to increase production, farmers often overfeed. These baits cannot be completely consumed and remain in the water for decomposition, producing a large amount of nutrients, which causes eutrophication of water bodies. Eutrophication can cause excessive reproduction of algae, consume oxygen in the water, lead to deterioration of water quality, and even cause the formation of hypoxic zones, posing a serious threat to marine life.

[0005] (2) Aquaculture waste pollution: Solid waste generated during the aquaculture process, such as uneaten bait and fish excrement, will settle at the bottom of the water body and cause organic pollution if not properly handled.

[0006] (3) Risks of using drugs and chemicals: In order to prevent the spread of diseases, some aquaculture activities may use antibiotics and other chemicals in an irregular manner, which can have a negative impact on the structure of marine microbial communities. In addition, drug residues enter the marine food chain, which not only affects the health of marine organisms, but may also pose a potential threat to human health.

[0007] The existence of problems such as environmental pollution, difficult supervision, and heavy financial pressure in the process of marine aquaculture requires improving traditional marine aquaculture technology and developing sustainable and eco-friendly marine aquaculture technology. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecological system and a process thereof, aiming to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, reduce pollution to the environment, and improve the survival quality and yield of cultured organisms.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: a seawater aquaculture water circulation micro-ecological system, comprising a breeding pond, a sedimentation tank, a biofilter, an ultraviolet disinfection unit and a control unit, wherein the breeding pond and the sedimentation tank, the sedimentation tank and the biofilter, the biofilter and the ultraviolet disinfection unit, and the ultraviolet disinfection unit and the breeding pond are respectively connected by pipelines, an on-off valve is arranged on each section of the pipeline, and all the on-off valves are connected to the control unit; the breeding pond, the sedimentation tank, the biofilter and the ultraviolet disinfection unit are all provided with sensors for monitoring water quality parameters, each sensor is respectively connected to the control unit, and the control unit is connected to a remote monitoring device through a cloud platform; a first filling area for filling microbial fillers is arranged below the breeding pond, a second filling area for filling microbial fillers is arranged in the biofilter, a first water inlet connected to an external water source is arranged on the breeding pond, and a fourth water outlet for discharge is arranged on the ultraviolet disinfection unit; and also includes: an energy self-sufficient unit, in which a solar panel and a wind turbine generator set are connected to electrical equipment in the system through an inverter and a grid-connected cabinet.

[0010] Preferably, the sedimentation tank comprises: a water inlet area, a sedimentation area, an inclined tube area and a clear water area. The upper end of the water inlet area is connected to the second water inlet, and the lower end is connected to the sedimentation area. The sedimentation area is located at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, the inclined tube area is located in the upper area of ​​the sedimentation tank, the clear water area is located above the inclined tube area, and the clear water area is connected to the second water outlet above.

[0011] Preferably, a baffle with filtering function is provided in the water inlet area.

[0012] Preferably, a conical water hole is formed on the baffle in the water inlet area, and the diameter of the water hole gradually increases from the water inlet side to the water outlet side.

[0013] Preferably, inclined tubes with an inclination angle of 35 to 65 degrees are arranged in the inclined tube area.

[0014] Preferably, a first aeration zone is provided in the culture pond, and a second aeration zone is provided in the biofilter.

[0015] Preferably, the installation height of the first aeration zone is not higher than the installation height of the first filler zone, and the installation height of the second aeration zone is not higher than the installation height of the second filler zone.

[0016] Preferably, the first filler zone is filled with molecular sieves rich in probiotics and microalgae.

[0017] The seawater aquaculture water circulation process includes: constructing a closed-loop water circulation system by setting up aquaculture ponds, sedimentation tanks, biofilters and ultraviolet disinfection units to achieve effective purification and recycling of aquaculture water; introducing microorganisms into aquaculture ponds and biofilters to construct a microecological balance regulation system; an oxygenation system for aerating the aquaculture ponds and biofilters; a monitoring system for monitoring water quality parameters of aquaculture ponds, sedimentation tanks, biofilters and ultraviolet disinfection units; and an energy self-sufficient system for providing electricity to the water circulation system, microecological balance regulation system, oxygenation system and monitoring system.

[0018] Preferably, the water quality parameters monitored by the monitoring system include: water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen content; the oxygenation system adopts micro-nano jet dissolved air technology, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water body is above 5 mg / L.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. By setting up aquaculture ponds, sedimentation tanks, biofilters and ultraviolet disinfection units to build a closed-loop water circulation system, the recycling rate of water resources can be significantly improved and water resource consumption can be reduced.

[0021] 2. Introducing microorganisms into breeding ponds and biofilters to build a microecological balance control system is beneficial for microorganisms to decompose organic impurities, reduce pollution to the environment, and achieve ecological breeding.

[0022] 3. Purify water quality, improve the survival rate and growth rate of farmed organisms, and increase economic benefits.

[0023] 4. Integrate the "wind + solar" power supply system to achieve energy self-sufficiency, reduce energy dependence and operating costs, and achieve sustainable development.

[0024] 5. Carry out real-time monitoring to enhance the stability and risk resistance of the system and ensure the long-term development of the breeding industry.

[0025] In summary, the present invention significantly improves the recycling rate of water resources and reduces pollution to the environment; constructs a micro-ecological system and enhances the immunity of farmed organisms; reduces energy dependence and operating costs and achieves sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water cycle micro-ecosystem of marine aquaculture.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of a sedimentation tank.

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the water hole.

[0029] in,

[0030] 1. Breeding pond, 2. Sedimentation tank, 3. Biofilter, 4. UV disinfection unit, 5. Control unit,

[0031] 101, first water inlet, 102, first filling area, 103, first water outlet, 104, first aeration area, 105, first air outlet,

[0032] 201, water inlet area, 202, sedimentation area, 203, inclined tube area, 204, clean water area, 205, second water inlet, 206, second water outlet, 207, first plate, 208, second plate, 209, water hole,

[0033] 301, second filling area, 302, second aeration area, 303, third water inlet, 304, third water outlet, 305, second air outlet,

[0034] 401, the fourth water inlet, 402, the fourth drain outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0036] A marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecological system, comprising a culture pond 1, a sedimentation pond 2, a biological filter 3, an ultraviolet disinfection unit 4 and a control unit 5, wherein the culture pond 1 is provided with a first water inlet 101 connected to an external water source, a first water outlet 103 on the culture pond 1 is connected to a second water inlet 205 on the sedimentation pond 2 through a pipeline, a second water outlet 206 on the sedimentation pond 2 is connected to a third water inlet 303 on the biological filter 3 through a pipeline, a third water outlet 304 on the biological filter 3 is connected to a fourth water inlet 401 of the ultraviolet disinfection unit 4 through a pipeline, and a control unit 5 is provided between the ultraviolet disinfection unit 4 and the culture pond 1. The aquaculture pool 1, the sedimentation tank 2, the biological filter 3 and the ultraviolet disinfection unit 4 are connected by pipelines, and a closed-loop water circulation system is constructed by arranging the aquaculture pool 1, the sedimentation tank 2, the biological filter 3 and the ultraviolet disinfection unit 4, so as to realize the effective purification and recycling of the aquaculture water body; the ultraviolet disinfection unit 4 is provided with a fourth drain outlet 402 for discharge, and an on-off valve is arranged on each section of the pipeline, and all the on-off valves are connected to the control unit 5, and the aquaculture pool 1, the sedimentation tank 2, the biological filter 3 and the ultraviolet disinfection unit 4 are installed with sensors for monitoring water quality parameters, and each sensor is connected to the control unit 5 respectively, and the control unit 5 is connected to the remote monitoring device through the cloud platform, so as to form a monitoring system for the aquaculture pool 1, A monitoring system for water quality parameters of the sedimentation tank 2, the biological filter 3 and the ultraviolet disinfection unit 4 is provided. The water quality parameters monitored by the monitoring system include: water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen content. The water environment is automatically adjusted by the monitoring system to ensure the most suitable breeding conditions; a first filling area 102 filled with microbial fillers is provided below the breeding tank 1, and a second filling area 301 filled with microbial fillers is provided in the biological filter 3. Microorganisms are introduced into the breeding tank 1 and the biological filter 3 to construct a microecological balance control system; both the breeding tank 1 and the biological filter 3 are provided with an aeration device, and the first air outlet 105 in the breeding tank 1 is located at Below the first filling area 102, the second air outlet 305 in the biofilter 3 is located below the second filling area 301; it also includes: an energy self-sufficient unit, which generates electricity by installing solar panels and wind turbines and inputs it into an outdoor cabinet energy storage system. The energy storage system uniformly allocates the energy required for life, production and control of each unit of the farm, and integrates the "wind energy + solar energy" power supply system to provide clean energy for water pumps, air pumps, monitoring equipment, etc. in the system; solar energy can greatly reduce energy costs, and is particularly suitable for remote islands and marine aquaculture areas where cables cannot be laid, reducing energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs.

[0037] The main process route is as follows: seawater aquaculture water is pumped into the main body of the aquaculture pond 1 through a water pump. The aquaculture pond 1 is equipped with a temperature control device and an oxygenation device. The bottom has a first filling area 102 filled with microbial fillers to construct a micro-ecological system to control the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the pond body. A submersible sewage pump drainage system is installed at the bottom. After aquaculture, seawater is discharged to the sedimentation tank 2 through a drainage cofferdam or a submersible sewage pump, and the clear water after sedimentation enters the biological filter 3; the microbial fillers in the biological filter 3 are hung with biofilms, and there is a micro-nano aeration unit at the bottom. The micro-nano aeration unit accelerates the transfer of oxygen in the air to the liquid by forcibly adding oxygen to the water, stirring the liquid, and preventing the suspended objects in the pool from sinking, thereby strengthening the pool. and The water is then contacted with dissolved oxygen to oxidize and decompose organic matter in the water; after the microbial system in the biological filter 3 processes the organic matter in the water, it enters the ultraviolet disinfection unit 4, and the disinfected water can be returned to the main body of the breeding pond 1, or it can be discharged into the sea water area in accordance with the "local aquaculture water pollutant discharge control standard system". The control unit 5 transmits the data transmitted by the sensor to the cloud platform for analysis. Based on the real-time monitoring data and data analysis results, the system can intelligently control the operation of oxygenation equipment and feeding machines to ensure that the breeding environment is always in the most suitable state; farmers can view the real-time data and monitoring images of the breeding waters at any time through terminal devices, and can manage the breeding environment in a timely and effective manner no matter where they are.

[0038] By recycling aquaculture water, the demand for fresh water resources is greatly reduced; the circulating water aquaculture system can effectively remove solid waste such as fish feces and leftover bait, reducing the pollution burden on the surrounding environment; good water quality management helps to reduce the incidence of diseases in aquatic animals, thereby reducing dependence on antibiotics and drugs, and improving the quality and safety of aquatic products. In theory, there is no limit to the number of times the aquaculture water can be recycled in this process. In order to ensure the quality of aquatic products, 1 / 3 of the pool water can be replaced every 10 days. By installing solar panels and wind turbines, achieving energy self-sufficiency in the process of marine aquaculture is not only feasible but also has multiple advantages. Microbial control methods are used to reduce the use of chemicals, prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases, solve the problems of drug and chemical use and marine aquaculture diseases, improve the survival rate and growth rate of aquaculture organisms, and increase economic benefits; enhance the stability and risk resistance of the system to ensure the long-term development of the aquaculture industry.

[0039] The present invention significantly improves the recycling rate of water resources and reduces pollution to the environment; constructs a micro-ecological system, enhances the immunity of cultured organisms, solves the problems of water eutrophication and marine aquaculture waste pollution; reduces energy dependence and operating costs, and achieves sustainable development.

[0040] In one embodiment, the sedimentation tank 2 includes: an inlet area 201, a sedimentation area 202, an inclined tube area 203 and a clear water area 204. The upper end of the inlet area 201 is connected to a second water inlet 205, and the lower end is connected to the sedimentation area 202. The sedimentation area 202 is located at the bottom of the sedimentation tank 2, the inclined tube area 203 is located in the upper area of ​​the sedimentation tank 2, the clear water area 204 is located above the inclined tube area 203, and the clear water area 204 is connected to a second water outlet 206.

[0041] In one embodiment, a baffle with filtering function is provided in the water inlet area 201. The baffle structure is used to enhance the physical sedimentation effect in a limited space.

[0042] In one embodiment, a conical water hole 209 is formed on the baffle in the water inlet area 201, and the aperture of the water hole gradually increases from the water inlet side to the water outlet side. Two baffles are arranged in front and back, namely the first plate 207 and the second plate 208. The first plate 207 is located between the second water inlet 205 and the second plate 208. The lower end of the first plate 207 is a solid non-porous plate, and the upper end is provided with a water hole 209. After installation, the upper line of the non-porous area is higher than the lowest end of the second water inlet 205; the upper end of the second plate 208 is a solid non-porous plate, and the lower end is provided with a water hole 209. After installation, the lower line of the non-porous area is lower than the lowest end of the inclined tube area 203. In addition, the height of the first plate 207 is lower than the height of the second plate 208, that is, an overflow space is reserved at the top of the first plate 207. In this way, the water just entering the sedimentation tank 2 will experience a first-level sedimentation before the first plate 207, a second-level sedimentation between the first plate 207 and the second plate 208, a third-level sedimentation after the second plate 208 and below the inclined tube area 203, and a fourth-level sedimentation in the inclined tube area 203. The step-by-step sedimentation effect is good, the inclined tube area 203 is not easily damaged, and the equipment has high stability in use.

[0043] In one embodiment, inclined tubes with an inclination angle of 35-65° are arranged in the inclined tube area 203. The flow distance of water in the inclined tube is lengthened, which is conducive to sedimentation.

[0044] In one embodiment, a first aeration zone 104 is further provided in the culture pond 1, and a second aeration zone 302 is further provided in the biofilter 3. The first aeration zone 104 and the second aeration zone 302 are important components of the oxygenation system for aerating the culture pond 1 and the biofilter 3, and are installed at the bottom. The oxygenation system adopts micro-nano jet dissolved gas technology, which uses air source oxygen as the source of dissolved oxygen, and can make the dissolved oxygen in the water reach the technical target in a short time. On the basis of energy saving, the solubility of O2 is improved, and the dissipation of invalid O2 is minimized. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the water is above 5 mg / L, which meets the needs of most aquatic animals.

[0045] In one embodiment, the installation height of the first aeration zone 104 is not higher than the installation height of the first filler zone 102 , and the installation height of the second aeration zone 302 is not higher than the installation height of the second filler zone 301 .

[0046] In one embodiment, the first filling area 102 is filled with a molecular sieve rich in probiotics and microalgae. Probiotics and microalgae are introduced into the system to maintain stable water quality through their symbiotic relationship, while providing natural food chain support to enhance the immunity and growth rate of cultured organisms. Suitable probiotics and microalgae species are selected so that they can grow well in an aquaculture environment. Light, temperature, nutrients and other conditions are reasonably controlled to promote the growth and reproduction of microalgae and probiotics. Water quality indicators such as dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, etc. are regularly monitored to ensure stable water quality. According to the water quality conditions, the dosage of probiotics and microalgae is adjusted in time to maintain the balance of their symbiotic relationship.

[0047] In practical applications, the blank areas of the farm are used to arrange the breeding facilities to achieve full utilization of the space. The installed capacity is arranged according to the power consumption of water intake, drainage, aeration, greenhouse heating, circulating water and other water quality improvement equipment, feed raw material storage, freezing, mixing, feeding machinery, etc.

[0048] At 1000m 2 There are 20 nursery ponds and 300 conventional shrimp ponds in the breeding base. Solar panels and wind turbines are installed to supply electricity to the shrimp base to maintain a seawater temperature of 28-30℃. The nursery ponds and shrimp ponds have independent water circulation systems. There is a micro-nano aeration system at the bottom of the pool to ensure dissolved oxygen. The microbial filler is responsible for decomposing and absorbing the excess nitrogen and phosphorus produced in the pool to avoid eutrophication and water pollution and keep the pool clean. The bottom of the pool is equipped with a special mud pump to discharge the shells, bait, feces and other particles in the pool into the sedimentation tank 2 for filtration. The supernatant water enters the biological filter 3 to further reduce the BOD and nitrogen and phosphorus and other harmful substances in the water. After all the treatments are completed, the pool water can be recycled. The two types of pools maintain an independent water environment, and the effluent must be sterilized and disinfected in the ultraviolet disinfection pool to avoid pollution and infection.

[0049] Benefit calculation: The whole process of cultivating white shrimp in this recirculating water aquaculture system is automatically controlled, which saves 95% of water, 90% of electricity, and 60% of labor costs compared with traditional methods. Each square meter of water can produce 50 to 70 kilograms of shrimp per year, and the per-acre yield is dozens of times that of traditional agricultural breeding, which has considerable economic benefits.

[0050] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecosystem, characterized in that: The system comprises a culture tank, a sedimentation tank, a biofilter, an ultraviolet disinfection unit and a control unit. The culture tank and the sedimentation tank, the sedimentation tank and the biofilter, the biofilter and the ultraviolet disinfection unit, and the ultraviolet disinfection unit and the culture tank are connected by pipelines. An on-off valve is arranged on each section of the pipeline, and all the on-off valves are connected to the control unit. The breeding pond, sedimentation tank, biofilter and UV disinfection unit are all equipped with sensors for monitoring water quality parameters. Each sensor is connected to the control unit, which is connected to the remote monitoring device through the cloud platform. A first filling area filled with microbial fillers is arranged below the culture pond, a second filling area filled with microbial fillers is arranged in the biofilter, a first water inlet connected to an external water source is arranged on the culture pond, and a fourth drainage outlet for drainage is arranged on the ultraviolet disinfection unit. It also includes: an energy self-sufficient unit, in which the solar panels and wind turbines are connected to the electrical equipment in the system through inverters and grid-connected cabinets.

2. The marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sedimentation tanks include: The water inlet area, the sedimentation area, the inclined pipe area and the clean water area, the upper end of the water inlet area is connected to the second water inlet, and the lower end is connected to the sedimentation area, the sedimentation area is located at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, the inclined pipe area is located in the upper area of ​​the sedimentation tank, the clean water area is located above the inclined pipe area, and the upper part of the clean water area is connected to the second water outlet.

3. The marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecosystem according to claim 2, characterized in that: A baffle with filtering function is arranged in the water inlet area.

4. The marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecosystem according to claim 3, characterized in that: A conical water hole is formed on the baffle in the water inlet area, and the diameter of the water hole gradually increases from the water inlet side to the water outlet side.

5. The marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecosystem according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclined tube area is arranged with inclined tubes with an inclination angle of 35~65°.

6. The marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first aeration zone is also provided in the breeding pond, and a second aeration zone is also provided in the biological filter tank.

7. The marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecosystem according to claim 6, characterized in that: The installation height of the first aeration zone is not higher than the installation height of the first filler zone, and the installation height of the second aeration zone is not higher than the installation height of the second filler zone.

8. The marine aquaculture water circulation micro-ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first filler zone is filled with molecular sieves rich in probiotics and microalgae.

9. A seawater aquaculture water circulation process, characterized in that: include: By setting up aquaculture ponds, sedimentation tanks, biofilters and ultraviolet disinfection units to build a closed-loop water circulation system, the effective purification and recycling of aquaculture water can be achieved. Introduce microorganisms into breeding ponds and biofilters to build a microecological balance control system. Oxygenation system for aeration of culture ponds and biofilters, Monitoring systems for monitoring water quality parameters in aquaculture ponds, sedimentation tanks, biofilters and UV disinfection units, An energy-self-sufficient system that provides electrical energy to the water circulation system, microecological balance control system, oxygenation system and monitoring system.

10. The seawater aquaculture water circulation process according to claim 9, characterized in that: The water quality parameters monitored by the monitoring system include: water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen content; the oxygenation system uses micro-nano jet dissolved air technology, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water is above 5 mg / L.

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