Exogenous regulation and control method for increasing grain number per ear of naked oat

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oat planting, and particularly discloses an exogenous regulation and control method for increasing the grain number of naked oats per spike, which comprises the following steps: sowing oats, performing a sowing mode and field management according to the execution standard of a sowing area, and spraying a plant growth regulator solution to oat leaf surfaces during the growth period of the oats, in the spraying process, windless sunny weather is selected, an electric sprayer is used for spraying, and the spraying amount is 100 mL / m < 2 >. According to the exogenous regulation and control method for increasing the grain number of naked oat per spike, the grain yield is increased by increasing the grain number of naked oat per spike, and the method is simple, convenient to operate and convenient for large-scale application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oat planting, and in particular to an exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of naked oats per ear. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, dietary structure has been changing, and the requirements for quality of life have become higher and higher. With the characteristics of good quality and high nutritional value of naked oats, the demand for naked oats has also been increasing. Oats have long been regarded as a regional minor grain in China. Its production capacity lags behind the development of domestic demand, and the industry's development potential has been underestimated. Therefore, there is great potential for improving cultivation technology to increase oat yields.

[0003] Studies have shown that among the components of oat yield, the number of grains per spike is considered to be the main factor affecting oat yield. Production practice and research have found that the reasons affecting the decline in the number of grains per spike in oats mainly include two aspects. One is spikelet sterility. Due to the influence of environmental stress factors such as high temperature and drought during the booting and heading stages, the development of oat spikelets is restricted, resulting in the "flower tip" phenomenon, that is, there are spikes but no fruits. In the main oat producing areas in northern my country, the number of infertile spikelets per plant can account for 10%-40% of the total number of spikelets, which seriously affects the number of grains per spike and yield of oats, and is the main factor affecting high yield in naked oat production. The second is flower and grain abortion. The characteristics of naked oats with multiple flowers and grains reduce the fruit setting rate and filling rate of the third and subsequent grains in the spikelet, and significantly reduce the grain weight. This leads to a significant reduction in economic yield and uneven grain size, which is not conducive to oat processing and utilization.

[0004] According to the order of the flowering period of spikelets and the different positions in the panicle, the grains can be divided into strong grains and weak grains. Generally speaking, strong grains grow in the upper part of the rice panicle, bloom earlier, fill faster, and have a higher degree of fullness; while weak grains grow in the lower part of the rice panicle, bloom later, fill slower, and have a lower degree of fullness. Weak grains show greater temporal and spatial variation than strong grains and are more sensitive to the environment. Therefore, the solidification and filling of weak grains in the lower part of the panicle are closely related to the increase of yield potential and number of grains per panicle.

[0005] In agricultural production, different cultivation measures can delay plant senescence and regulate the source-sink relationship, thereby affecting yield. Chemical regulation is not only of great significance for high and stable yields, but also reduces labor input and saves production costs compared to traditional agronomic techniques. With the rise in labor costs and the simplification of agricultural production, the practice of flexibly selecting and applying appropriate chemical regulators to regulate crop growth and development according to actual conditions has been widely used in agricultural production. The application of exogenous hormones is considered to be one of the effective means to increase crop yield and improve quality. By regulating physiological and biochemical reactions during plant growth and development, exogenous hormones can significantly affect the growth characteristics of crops.

[0006] Exogenous hormones refer to plant hormones that are artificially applied to plants, including auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, etc. These hormones play a key role in plant growth and development, and can regulate physiological processes such as cell division, elongation, flowering, and fruiting. The yield of naked oats is affected by many factors, among which the application of exogenous hormones is considered to be an important means of regulation.

[0007] Existing exogenous hormone research mainly focuses on the following:

[0008] Application of auxin: Studies have shown that auxin can promote the root development of naked oats, improve the ability to absorb water and nutrients, and thus indirectly increase yield.

[0009] Role of cytokinin: Cytokinin has been found to promote branching and leaf growth of naked oats, increase photosynthetic area, and thus improve photosynthetic efficiency and yield.

[0010] Regulation of abscisic acid: Research on the application of abscisic acid under adverse conditions shows that it can enhance the stress resistance of naked oats and indirectly increase yield.

[0011] Although a large number of studies have explored the effects of exogenous hormones on crop yields, there are still some shortcomings. Many of the experimental materials for the studies are staple crops such as wheat, rice, corn, etc., and there is a lack of targeted research on oats. Because oats have a special panicle shape, the grains in the upper, middle and lower parts of the ear mature at different times, and the lower part of the ear is prone to "flower tips", which leads to a decrease in the number of grains per ear and a decrease in yield. The innovation of the present invention is mainly focused on the improvement of the number of grains per ear of naked oats by exogenous hormones, thereby achieving the effect of increasing yield. Summary of the invention

[0012] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of naked oats per ear, so as to increase the grain yield by increasing the number of naked oats per ear. The method is simple, easy to operate and convenient for large-scale application.

[0013] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of grains per ear of naked oats, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Sowing oats, sowing methods and field management are carried out in accordance with the implementation standards of the sowing area. During the growth period of oats, the oat leaves are sprayed with plant growth regulator solution. When spraying, choose windless and sunny weather, and use an electric sprayer for spraying. The spraying amount is 100mL / m 2 .

[0015] Preferably, the plant growth regulator solution is sprayed on the leaves once in the early stage of ear and flower differentiation and the early stage of grain filling of oats.

[0016] Preferably, the plant growth regulator solution is a zein solution.

[0017] Preferably, the plant growth regulator solution is prepared by dissolving zein in alcohol and adding water to make 10 -5 mol / L solution.

[0018] Preferably, the method for preparing the plant growth regulator solution further comprises: -5 0.5% Tween-20 was added to the 3.5 mol / L solution as a spreading agent to enable the hormone to better adhere to the plant surface.

[0019] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention using the above-mentioned exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of grains per ear of naked oats are:

[0020] 1. Exogenous hormones can increase the yield of naked oats. The effects of exogenous hormones on different varieties of naked oats are different. Spraying zeatin on the leaves of naked oats with high grain number increases the yield by 73%, while spraying zeatin on the leaves of naked oats with low grain number increases the grain yield by 88%.

[0021] 2. Under different exogenous hormone treatments, the number of grains per ear is the indicator that contributes most to grain yield. Among them, spraying zeatin on the leaves of naked oats with high grain number per ear increases the yield of naked oats by the number of grains per ear in the lower part of the ear; spraying zeatin on naked oats with low grain number per ear increases the yield of naked oats by the number of grains per ear in the middle part of the ear.

[0022] 3. Zea maysin has the effect of increasing the yield of naked oats with high and low grain numbers. Zea maysin has the effects of strengthening the source, expanding the flow and increasing the storage.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, the reagents and equipment used in the present invention are commercially available.

[0027] Example

[0028] An exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of grains per ear of naked oats comprises the following steps:

[0029] Sowing oats, sowing methods and field management are carried out according to the implementation standards of the sowing area. In the early stage of oat spike differentiation and the early stage of grain filling, the plant growth regulator solution is sprayed on the leaves. The plant growth regulator solution is zeatin solution, which is dissolved in alcohol and added with clean water to make 10 -5 mol / L solution, and then add 0.5% Tween-20 as a spreading agent to make the hormone better adhere to the plant surface. When spraying, choose a windless and sunny day, and use an electric sprayer for spraying, with a spraying rate of 100mL / m 2 .

[0030] Verification Example

[0031] In the same area, naked oats with high ear number, Bayou No. 1, and naked oats with low ear number, Dingyou No. 8, were selected for sowing and field management. Zeatin solution was sprayed on the leaves at the early stage of ear differentiation and the early stage of grain filling, with a spraying rate of 100 mL / m 2 The control group was sprayed with clean water, and the yield and yield factors of the two varieties of naked oats were analyzed. The results are shown in Tables 1-7 below.

[0032] Table 1 Effects of zeatin on naked oat yield and yield components

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Note: Table 1 shows mean ± standard deviation, a and b indicate significant difference between zeatin and water at 0.05 level.

[0036] As shown in Table 1, exogenous hormones can increase naked oat yield. Exogenous hormones have different effects on different varieties of naked oats. For naked oats with high ear number (Bayou No. 1), spraying zeatin on the leaves increased yield by 73%; for naked oats with low ear number (Dingyou No. 8), exogenous zeatin increased grain yield by 88%.

[0037] Table 2 Path analysis of naked oat yield and yield components

[0038]

[0039] Note: ** and *** in Table 2 indicate significant correlation at P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels, respectively.

[0040] As can be seen from Table 2, among all the indicators of yield components, the number of grains per ear is the indicator that contributes the most to grain yield.

[0041] Table 3 Effect of zeatin on the number of grains in the upper, middle and lower parts of naked oat ears

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] Note: Table 3 shows mean ± standard deviation, a and b indicate significant difference between zeatin and water at 0.05 level.

[0045] As shown in Table 3, spraying zeatin with external aid can increase the number of grains in the middle and lower parts of the ear of the naked oat variety with high grain number (Bayou No. 1) by 14% and 22%; and the number of grains in the upper, middle and lower parts of the ear of the naked oat variety with low grain number (Dingyou No. 8) can be increased by 11%, 36% and 47% respectively.

[0046] Table 4 Path analysis of naked oat yield and number of grains at different ear positions

[0047]

[0048] Note: * and *** in the table indicate significant correlation at P<0.05 and P<0.001 levels, respectively.

[0049] As shown in Table 4, spraying zeatin with external aid increased the contribution of the number of grains in the middle and lower parts of naked oat ears to yield.

[0050] Table 5 Effects of zeatin on flag leaves of naked oats during flowering period

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] Note: The table shows mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters a and b indicate significant differences between zeatin and water at the 0.05 level.

[0054] As shown in Table 5, spraying zeatin with external aid increased the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of naked oats during the flowering period by 16%-54%, indicating that zeatin has an enhancing effect on the photosynthetic rate.

[0055] Table 6 Proportion of biomass of vegetative organs and harvested organs of naked oats in the whole plant at flowering and maturity stages when exogenous zeatin was sprayed

[0056]

[0057] Note: Table 6 shows mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between zeatin and water at the 0.05 level.

[0058] Table 7 Effect of zeatin on the biomass of various organs of naked oats during flowering and maturity (g / plant)

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Note: Table 7 shows mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between zeatin and water at the 0.05 level.

[0062] It can be seen from Tables 6-7 that the biomass of the vegetative organs (stems + leaves) accounted for 78%-82% of the whole plant during the flowering period. As the growth period progressed, the nutrients were continuously transferred to the harvesting organs (ears). At maturity, the vegetative organs accounted for 41%-51%, and the harvesting organ biomass accounted for 49%-59% of the whole plant. The external spraying of zeatin increased the proportion of harvesting organ biomass by 2%-10% at maturity, indicating that the spraying of zeatin promoted the transport of nutrients in the stems and leaves to the grains.

[0063] As shown in Table 1-7, zeatin can increase the yield of naked oats. Exogenous hormones have different effects on different varieties of naked oats. For naked oats with high grain numbers (Bayou No. 1), foliar spraying of zeatin increases yield by 73%; for naked oats with low grain numbers (Dingyou No. 8), foliar spraying of zeatin increases grain yield by 88%. Zeatin can increase the number of grains in the middle and lower parts of naked oats. Among the various indicators of yield components, the number of grains per ear is the indicator that contributes the most to grain yield. External spraying of zeatin increases the contribution of the number of grains in the middle and lower parts of naked oats to yield. It can increase the number of grains in the middle and lower parts of the ears of naked oats with high grain numbers (Bayou No. 1) by 14% and 22%; and increase the number of grains in the upper, middle and lower parts of the ears of naked oats with low grain numbers (Dingyou No. 8) by 11%, 36% and 47%. Zeatin has the effects of strengthening the source, expanding the flow, and increasing the reservoir for naked oats. External spraying of zeatin increased the photosynthetic rate of the flag leaves of naked oats during the flowering period by 16%-54%. External spraying of zeatin increased the proportion of organ biomass harvested at maturity by 2%-10%, indicating that the spraying of zeatin promoted the transport of nutrients from stems and leaves to grains.

[0064] The present invention sprays zeatin on the leaves of oats in the early stage of flower differentiation and the early stage of grain filling, so that nutrients are continuously transferred to the ear, thereby increasing the number of grains at the top, middle and bottom of the naked oat ear, increasing the grain yield, and thus directly increasing the oat yield. This is different from the prior art of indirectly increasing the oat yield by applying exogenous hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, etc.

[0065] Comparative Example

[0066] In the same area, naked oats with high ear number, Bayou No. 1, and naked oats with low ear number, Dingyou No. 8, were selected for sowing and field management. Different exogenous hormone solutions were sprayed on the leaves at the early stage of ear differentiation and early stage of grain filling, with a spraying rate of 100 mL / m 2The yield of the two varieties of naked oats was analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 8. The concentrations of the exogenous hormones used in the experiment were: 0.1 g / L auxin, 20 mg / L brassinolide, 10 mg / L abscisic acid, 20 mg / L gibberellin, 10 mg / L zeatin, and 10 mg / L iodine. -5 mol / L.

[0067] Table 8 Effects of exogenous hormones on naked oat yield

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Note: Table 8 shows mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between zeatin and water at the 0.05 level.

[0071] As shown in Table 8, exogenous hormones can increase the yield of naked oats. However, different exogenous hormones have different yield-increasing effects on naked oats. Foliar spraying of auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, brassinolide, and zeatin increased the yield by 35%, 32%, 50%, 52%, and 78% respectively compared with spraying water. It can be seen that zeatin has the best yield-increasing effect on naked oats.

[0072] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of naked oats per ear to increase the grain yield by increasing the number of naked oats per ear. The method is simple, easy to operate, and convenient for large-scale application.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of grains per ear in naked oats, characterized in that: The steps include: Sowing oats, sowing methods and field management are carried out in accordance with the implementation standards of the sowing area. During the growth period of oats, the oat leaves are sprayed with plant growth regulator solution. When spraying, choose windless and sunny weather, and use an electric sprayer for spraying. The spraying amount is 100mL / m 2 .

2. The exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of grains per ear of naked oats according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the early stage of ear and flower differentiation and the early stage of grain filling of oats, spray the plant growth regulator solution on the leaves once.

3. The exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of grains per ear of naked oats according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator solution is a zeatin solution.

4. The exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of grains per ear of naked oats according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of plant growth regulator solution is: dissolve zeatin in alcohol and add water to make 10 -5 mol / L solution.

5. The exogenous regulation method for increasing the number of grains per ear of naked oats according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for preparing the plant growth regulator solution also includes: -5 0.5% Tween-20 was added to the 3.5 mol / L solution as a spreading agent to enable the hormone to better adhere to the plant surface.

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