Application of radix astragali decoction dregs in shortening cultivation period of pilose antler mushrooms

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of medicinal fungus cultivation, in particular to application of radix astragali medicine residues in shortening the cultivation period of pilose antler mushrooms. The invention provides application of astragalus membranaceus dregs in shortening the cultivation period of pilose antler mushrooms. The hypha full-bag time accounts for 80% of the whole production period in the velvet antler mushroom cultivation process, and the cultivation period of velvet antler mushrooms can be shortened by shortening the full-bag time on the premise that the yield and quality are guaranteed. According to the method, after wood chips in the pilose antler mushroom solid strain culture medium are replaced by the radix astragali medicine residues according to the proportion of 20wt%, pilose antler mushroom hyphae germinate for 2d and are subjected to after-ripening after bottle filling for 38d, and the bottle filling time is shortened by 9.5%. The cultivation time from hypha germination to sporocarp appearance is shortened by 4 days, only 15 days are needed from budding to harvesting, the infectious microbe infection probability can be reduced (the pollution rate is below 4%), the production efficiency can be improved, and obvious economic effects and social benefits can be generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of medicinal fungus cultivation, and in particular to the application of astragalus root residues in shortening the cultivation period of velvet mushroom. Background Art

[0002] Pleurotus eryngii, scientifically known as Lycopodiella cernua, is a rare higher fungus that can be used as both medicine and food. Previous research results show that the polysaccharides in the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii are mainly composed of β-1,3-D-glucan and β-1,6-D-glucan. β-1,3-D-glucan can inhibit tumor activity by enhancing the host's defense function; both the polysaccharides and polyphenols in the fruiting bodies have good free radical scavenging capabilities; the fruiting body water extract has the activity of resisting hereditary type 2 diabetes, effectively reducing serum total cholesterol, anti-radiation, and anti-allergic functions; the 6-hydroxy-L-tryptophan separated from the fruiting body has the function of inhibiting tyrosinase activity. In addition to having good medicinal functions, the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii also contain a large amount of edible dietary fiber, with a crisp taste and light taste. They are loved by the people and have become a "net celebrity mushroom". The huge demand for velvet mushroom in the domestic market has promoted the rapid development of the velvet mushroom industry, making it a new type of edible fungus factory cultivation variety after Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii, and Agaricus bisporus. The production bases are mainly concentrated in related edible fungi enterprises in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian. However, there is no liquid fermentation medium for velvet mushroom used for factory production in the existing literature. The commonly used culture medium is a universal culture medium for fungal liquid culture, but the culture cycle is relatively long. The general cultivation cycle is: 1. Mycelium germination time: the mycelium germination time of liquid strains is 2d, while the mycelium germination time of solid strains is 4d; 2. Full bag time: the full bag time of liquid strains is 42d, while the full bag time of solid strains is 45d; 3. Bud appearance time: the bud appearance time of liquid strains is 7d, while the bud appearance time of solid strains is 9d; 4. Harvest time: the harvest time of liquid strains is 25d, while the harvest time of solid strains is 26-27d.

[0003] In summary, the use of liquid strains can significantly shorten the cultivation cycle of Pleurotus eryngii. However, from mycelium germination to fruiting body appearance, liquid strains take about 49 days (2 days germination + 42 days full bag + 7 days budding + 8 days growth to harvest), while solid strains take 54 days (4 days germination + 45 days full bag + 9 days budding + 8 days growth to harvest), of which the mycelium full bag time accounts for more than 80% (Shan Cancan, Ye Dianzhang, Guo Yu, et al. Optimization of Pleurotus eryngii liquid strain fermentation formula by response surface methodology [J]. Journal of Fujian Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 38(6): 723-731.). Therefore, shortening the mycelium full bag time can shorten the cultivation cycle of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0004] Astragalus has the effects of reducing oxidative stress, protecting nerve and vascular activity, antiviral, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and hypoglycemic.

[0005] At present, most of the residues of Astragalus produced in the production process of pharmaceutical and health care products are directly discarded or simply converted into low value-added products. However, the effective ingredients and organic substances contained in the residues of Astragalus, such as hemicellulose polysaccharides, can be re-extracted and prepared into biological organic fertilizers, edible fungus cultivation substrates, animal feed, biochar, composite materials and other ways for resource utilization. However, there are currently no reports on the use of Astragalus in shortening the cultivation cycle of Pleurotus eryngii. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of astragalus residue in shortening the cultivation period of Pleurotus eryngii to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention first discovered that astragalus residue has the effect of shortening the cultivation period of Pleurotus eryngii, especially shortening the time from ripening to harvesting to 15 days.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The invention provides application of astragalus root residues in shortening the cultivation period of pilose antler mushroom.

[0009] The present invention provides a culture medium for shortening the culture period of Pleurotus eryngii, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

[0010] 58% sawdust, 20% astragalus residue, 20% bran, 1% glucose and 1% lime.

[0011] The present invention provides application of the culture medium in shortening the culture period of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0012] The invention provides a method for shortening the culture period of velvet antler mushroom, comprising the steps of inoculating velvet antler mushroom seed liquid into the above-mentioned culture medium, and then sequentially performing dark culture, spawning, after-ripening and day and night alternating culture to obtain the velvet antler mushroom.

[0013] Preferably, the dark culture condition parameters are: dark culture at 24°C for 40 days; i.e. 2 days for germination + 38 days for full bag ripening.

[0014] Preferably, the condition parameters during the fermentation are: temperature below 25° C., carbon dioxide volume fraction below 0.4%, and air relative humidity below 60%.

[0015] Preferably, the ripening condition parameters are: 25°C for 5 days.

[0016] Preferably, the day-night alternating culture includes light culture and dark culture; the day and night are alternated every 12 hours; the condition parameters of the day-night alternating culture are: controlling the temperature between 14-18°C, the air humidity between 90-95%, the volume fraction of carbon dioxide between 3000-5000ppm, and maintaining proper ventilation;

[0017] The illumination intensity of the light culture is between 100-300lx.

[0018] Preferably, the inoculation amount of the Pleurotus antler seed liquid is 3% of the mass of the culture medium.

[0019] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0020] 1. Shorten the cultivation cycle of velvet mushroom. During the cultivation of velvet mushroom, the time when the mycelium is full in the bag accounts for 80% of the entire production cycle. Under the premise of ensuring output and quality, shortening the full bag time can shorten the cultivation cycle of velvet mushroom. In the present invention, after the astragalus residue replaces the sawdust in the solid culture medium of velvet mushroom at a ratio of 20wt.%, the mycelium of velvet mushroom germinates in 2 days, the full bottle is ripened in 38 days, the full bottle time is shortened by 9.5%, the buds appear after 7 days, and the harvesting time is 26 days. From the germination of mycelium to the appearance of fruiting bodies, it takes about 45 days (2 days for germination + 38 days for full bag ripening + 7 days for budding (fruiting body appearance) + 8 days for growth to harvesting), which shortens the cultivation time by 4 days, and only takes 15 days from budding to harvesting, and can also reduce the probability of infection by miscellaneous bacteria (the contamination rate is below 4%), thereby improving production efficiency.

[0021] 2. Generate obvious economic benefits. Taking Xingtai, Hebei as an example, the price of sawdust was 480.00 yuan / ton in September 2024, and astragalus residues are generally discarded as waste. Therefore, using astragalus residues in factory-based velvet mushroom cultivation can effectively reduce costs and increase efficiency.

[0022] 3. Social benefits. Most of the astragalus residues produced in the production process of pharmaceutical and health care products are directly discarded. If they are not handled properly, they will bring various ecological and environmental risks. If the astragalus residues are used in factory-based velvet mushroom cultivation, they can be turned into treasures and effectively protect the local ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1To prepare liquid strains; A is the case where the mother strain of Pleurotus eryngii is cultured in a liquid culture medium for 3 days; B is the case where the mother strain of Pleurotus eryngii is cultured in a liquid culture medium for 7 days; C is the case where the mother strain of Pleurotus eryngii is cultured in a liquid culture medium for 10 days;

[0025] Figure 2 The photo is taken on the 38th day after mycelium germination (side view);

[0026] Figure 3 38 days after mycelium germination (observed from the top, the mycelium has been scratched);

[0027] Figure 4 It is the 3rd day after budding (side observation);

[0028] Figure 5 The 3rd day after bud formation (top surface observation);

[0029] Figure 6 The two columns on the left are the Pilosa velutipes mushrooms cultured using the solid culture medium of Pilosa velutipes No. 5 in Table 1, and the two columns on the right are the Pilosa velutipes mushrooms cultured using the solid culture medium of Pilosa velutipes No. 3 in Table 1;

[0030] Figure 2-Figure 5 50% is the solid culture medium of Pelvis antler mushroom No. 1 in Table 1, 30% is the solid culture medium of Pelvis antler mushroom No. 2 in Table 1, 20% is the solid culture medium of Pelvis antler mushroom No. 3 in Table 1, 10% is the solid culture medium of Pelvis antler mushroom No. 4 in Table 1, and 0% is the solid culture medium of Pelvis antler mushroom No. 1 in Table 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0033] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0035] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] (1) Preparation of liquid culture medium: Weigh 200 g of potato and cut it into 2 × 2 cm pieces, add 800 mL of distilled water, heat to boiling, continue to simmer for 25 min, filter with gauze, add other components of PDA modified culture medium (8 g of peptone, 20 g of glucose, 1 g of KH2PO4, 0.5 g of MgSO4, 110 mg of VB, natural pH), sterilize under high pressure at 121 °C, and set aside after cooling.

[0038] (2) Preparation of liquid culture: inoculate the mother culture of Pleurotus eryngii into 500 mL of liquid culture medium (containing a magnetic stirrer), incubate at 25°C for 48 hours, place on a magnetic stirrer and continue to incubate at 25°C until the 10th day, store the liquid culture at 4°C, and the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer is determined according to the required mycelial ball size (100-150r / min, the speed is controlled between 100-150r / min to prevent mechanical damage caused by a higher speed and affect mycelial growth). Figure 1As shown, the mother strain of Pleurotus eryngii begins to germinate on the 3rd day in the liquid culture medium (here, the liquid strain is cultured, and the strain is germinated from the hyphae grown on the solid culture medium. The amount of hyphae inoculated into the liquid culture medium is small and grows slowly, so it germinates on the 3rd day. In the subsequent steps of the present invention, the liquid strain is inoculated with a larger inoculation amount, and all germinates on the 2nd day), a bacterial ball is formed on the 7th day, and a uniform and dispersed Pleurotus eryngii liquid strain is formed on the 10th day. This culture time is much earlier than the 16th day in the prior art "Optimization of Pleurotus eryngii liquid strain fermentation formula by response surface method" (Shan Cancan, Ye Dianzhang, Guo Yu, et al. Optimization of Pleurotus eryngii liquid strain fermentation formula by response surface method [J]. Journal of Fujian Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 38(6): 723-731.).

[0039] (2) Preparation of solid culture medium containing Astragalus dregs and mycelial germination, bottle filling and post-ripening:

[0040] ① Prepare the cultivation material: replace the sawdust in the solid culture medium of Pleurotus eryngii (see Table 1 for details) with the Astragalus residues according to the ratio of 0wt.%, 10wt.%, 20wt.%, 30wt.%, and 50wt.%, sterilize at 121°C, then pre-cool and force-cool to reduce the material temperature to below 26°C for inoculation.

[0041] Table 1 Different solid culture media of Pleurotus eryngii

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] ② Inoculation: punch holes in the center and around the cultivation bottle, draw 25mL of liquid spawn of Pleurotus eryngii into the holes around the cultivation bottle, leave the center hole for ventilation, seal it with a special ring, and culture it in the dark at 24℃ for 2 days. It will germinate after 2 days of culture; then inoculate the obtained strain into the fungus bag containing solid spawn culture medium of Pleurotus eryngii, and the inoculation amount is 3% of the mass of the solid spawn culture medium of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0045] ③ Spawning and post-ripening: Move the inoculated bags to the sprouting room for sprouting, and monitor the indoor temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and relative air humidity in real time. Keep the material temperature below 25°C, the carbon dioxide volume fraction below 0.4%, and the relative air humidity below 60%. After the mycelium fills the bag, post-ripening is carried out. The post-ripening condition parameters are: 25°C for 5 days. Observe the mycelium growth and record the time when the mycelium fills the bag. The results are as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 The results showed that on the 38th day after mycelium germination, the solid culture medium of No. 3 Pilosa velutipes (20% sawdust replaced by Astragalus dregs) was full, and the mycelium growth of No. 1 Pilosa velutipes solid culture medium (50% sawdust replaced by Astragalus dregs) was inhibited.

[0046] ④Budding and fruiting of velvet antler mushroom: After the bag matures, remove the ring and carry out light culture and dark culture (alternating day and night culture), control the temperature between 14-18℃, air humidity between 90-95%, and carbon dioxide volume fraction between 3000-5000ppm, and alternate light culture and dark culture once every 12 hours. The light intensity of light culture is controlled between 100-300lx, and there is no light in dark culture, while maintaining proper ventilation. Then observe the growth of the fruiting body, the results are as follows Figure 4 and Figure 5 The results showed that on the 3rd day after bud formation, the solid culture medium of No. 3 Pilosa velutipes (replacing 20% ​​sawdust with Astragalus dregs) grew rapidly, while the fruiting body growth of No. 1 Pilosa velutipes solid culture medium (replacing 50% sawdust with Astragalus dregs) was inhibited. The results also showed that buds appeared 7 days after ripening, and they could be harvested after another 8 days of growth. The time from bud formation to harvest was only 15 days.

[0047] ⑤ Collection and weighing: When the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii are 70% to 80% mature, they are harvested and weighed for fresh weight, which is 508g±0.8g.

[0048] From the above results, it can be seen that the culture effect is best when the sawdust in the solid culture medium of Pleurotus eryngii is replaced by Astragalus residue at a ratio of 20wt.%, and the culture cycle is the shortest, which only takes 15 days from budding to harvesting.

[0049] In summary, the research of Shan Cancan et al. (Shan Cancan, Ye Dianzhang, Guo Yu, et al. Optimization of the fermentation formula of liquid spawn of velvet antler mushroom by response surface method [J]. Journal of Fujian Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 38 (6): 723-731.) shows that the full bag time of velvet antler mushroom liquid spawn is 42 days; and after the present invention replaces the sawdust in the solid spawn culture medium of velvet antler mushroom with the astragalus residue at a ratio of 20wt.%, the velvet antler mushroom mycelium germinates in 2 days, matures in 38 days, the full bottle time is shortened by 9.5%, buds appear after 7 days, and the harvesting time is 26 days. It takes about 45 days from mycelium germination to the appearance of fruiting bodies (2 days germination + 38 days full bag maturity + 7 days budding + 8 days growth to harvest), which shortens the cultivation time by 4 days, can reduce the probability of infection by miscellaneous bacteria (the contamination rate is below 4%), and improve production efficiency. Moreover, the present invention does not need to add other nutrients, which can significantly save time and economic costs.

[0050] Example 2 Factory-scale cultivation.

[0051] According to the cultivation method of Example 1, the solid culture medium of No. 3 velvet antler mushroom in Table 1 was used, and a velvet antler mushroom factory cultivation enterprise was commissioned to carry out large-scale production. The results are as follows Figure 6The results show that: using the method provided by the present invention for factory cultivation, it takes about 45 days (2 days for germination + 38 days for full bag ripening + 7 days for budding + 8 days for growth to harvest) from mycelium germination to fruiting body appearance, which shortens the cultivation time by 4 days; the uniformity of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii is consistent, and the single bag yield and the number of finished mushrooms are not significantly different from those of the group without adding Astragalus dregs, but the fruiting body stipes of the group with added Astragalus dregs are slender and slightly darker in color, which can improve the appearance value of the product; the shortened cultivation time can effectively save production costs.

[0052] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of Astragalus residue in shortening the cultivation period of Pleurotus eryngii.

2. A culture medium for shortening the culture period of Pleurotus eryngii, characterized in that: The culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 58% sawdust, 20% astragalus residue, 20% bran, 1% glucose and 1% lime.

3. Use of the culture medium according to claim 2 in shortening the culture period of Pleurotus eryngii.

4. A method for shortening the cultivation period of Pleurotus eryngii, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of inoculating the velvet antler mushroom seed liquid into the culture medium according to claim 2, and then sequentially performing dark culture, germination, post-ripening and day and night alternating culture to obtain the velvet antler mushroom.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The dark culture condition parameters are: dark culture at 24° C. for 40 days.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The condition parameters during the fermentation are: temperature below 25° C., carbon dioxide volume fraction below 0.4%, and air relative humidity below 60%.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The ripening condition parameters are: 25° C. for 5 days.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The day-night alternation culture includes light culture and dark culture; the day and night are alternated every 12 hours; the condition parameters of the day-night alternation culture are: the temperature is controlled between 14-18° C., the air humidity is controlled between 90-95%, and the volume fraction of carbon dioxide is controlled between 3000-5000 ppm; The illumination intensity of the illumination culture is between 100-300 lx.

9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The inoculation amount of the Pleurotus eryngii seed liquid is 3% of the mass of the culture medium.

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