Soil culture and sowing all-in-one machine for cotton

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cotton planting, in particular to a cotton soil culture and sowing all-in-one machine which comprises a bottom plate. A control module, a soil guide assembly, a forming mechanism and a conveying mechanism are fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate; the soil guiding assembly is fixedly installed at the position, close to the tail end, of the top face of the bottom plate. The forming mechanism comprises a forming assembly and a pressing assembly which are fixedly installed on the top face of the bottom plate. A guide mechanism is mounted on the conveying mechanism and comprises a seeding mechanism; the control module controls the soil guide assembly, the forming assembly, the pressing assembly, the conveying mechanism, the guide mechanism and the seeding mechanism to cooperatively operate, so that the nutrient soil bowls can be automatically prepared, the labor intensity of preparation work is effectively reduced, the formed nutrient soil bowls can be automatically seeded, and the production efficiency is improved. The operation of manually seeding each nutrient soil bowl one by one in the prior art is omitted, and the completion efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cotton planting, in particular to a cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine. Background Art

[0002] Cotton is an important crop, which is mainly used to produce cotton fibers for textiles. Cotton plants belong to the Malvaceae family and usually grow in warm climates. When planting cotton, it is generally necessary to use nutrient pots (or nutrient pots) for planting. The nutrient pots can provide suitable soil, nutrients and water, so that the seeds can obtain sufficient nutrition during germination and seedling growth, and it is convenient to plant the seedlings directly into the field after they grow to a stage suitable for transplanting, reducing damage to the root system.

[0003] At present, nutrient soil pots are generally made manually in the planting field with a nutrient soil pot press. During the process, the soil needs to be crushed to a certain extent, and fertilizers need to be mixed into the soil with farm tools. After the nutrient soil pots are made, they need to be neatly stacked in designated locations, and then cotton seeds are sown in the depression on the top surface of each nutrient soil pot.

[0004] The existing cotton soil culture and sowing methods have the following shortcomings: The manual nutrient soil pot press has low preparation efficiency and requires continuous manual operation, resulting in reduced planting efficiency. At the same time, after the nutrient soil pots are stacked, manual cotton seed sowing operations are required, which increases the labor intensity of the entire seedling planting work. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A cotton soil cultivation and sowing machine comprises a bottom plate, wherein locking universal wheels are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the bottom plate near four corners, and a power supply box is installed on the top surface of the bottom plate near the tail end; a control module, a soil guide assembly, a forming mechanism and a conveying mechanism are fixedly installed on the top surface of the bottom plate, and the control module is used to coordinate the operation of the soil guide assembly, the forming mechanism and the conveying mechanism; The soil guide assembly is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate near the tail end, and the forming mechanism includes a forming assembly and a pressing assembly fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate, and the forming assembly is located on a side of the soil guide assembly away from the power supply box; One end of the conveying mechanism is fixedly mounted at a middle position of the front end of the top surface of the bottom plate, and the other end of the conveying mechanism extends to the outside of the bottom plate; A guiding mechanism is installed on the conveying mechanism, and the guiding mechanism includes a sowing mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the soil guide assembly includes a material storage bin one arranged above the base plate, a plurality of pillars one are fixedly connected between the bottom surface of the material storage bin one and the top surface of the base plate, a material guide pipe is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the material storage bin one at a position close to the forming assembly, and a gate valve is installed in the material guide pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, a mixing assembly is installed in the storage bin 1, and the mixing assembly includes a motor 1 fixedly installed at the center of the bottom surface of the storage bin 1 and a stirring rod rotatably installed in the storage bin 1, the stirring rod is coaxial with the storage bin, and the bottom end of the stirring rod rotates through the bottom of the storage bin 1 and is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the motor 1; A plurality of stirring blades are fixedly mounted on the periphery of the stirring rod.

[0009] Further, the molding assembly includes a supporting truncated table arranged parallel to the bottom plate, a plurality of pillars 3 are fixedly connected between the bottom surface of the supporting truncated table and the top surface of the bottom plate, a motor 2 is fixedly installed at the center position of the bottom surface of the supporting truncated table, a mounting column is rotatably installed at the center position of the top surface of the supporting truncated table, and the bottom end of the mounting column is rotated to penetrate the supporting truncated table and is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the motor 2; A forming disk located on the supporting truncated platform is fixedly mounted on the periphery of the mounting column, the bottom surface of the forming disk is in sliding contact with the top surface of the supporting truncated platform, and the top surface of the forming disk is provided with four forming circular grooves distributed in a circumferential array about the mounting column, and the forming circular grooves penetrate the forming disk; The bottom end of the guide tube is in sliding contact with the top surface of the forming disk, the inner diameter of the guide tube is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the forming circular groove, and the distance between the axis of the guide tube and the mounting column is equal to the distance between the axis of the forming circular groove and the mounting column; A U-shaped groove is provided on the bottom surface of the supporting truncated table at a position away from the material guiding pipe.

[0010] Further, the pressing assembly includes a mounting plate arranged above the forming disk, and pillars 2 are fixedly connected between the two ends of the bottom surface of the mounting plate and the top surface of the bottom plate, and an electric push rod is fixedly installed at the middle position of the top surface of the mounting plate, and the output end of the electric push rod slides through the mounting plate, and a lifting plate is fixedly installed, and the two ends of the top surface of the lifting plate are fixedly connected with vertically arranged limit rods, and the top end of the limit rod slides through the mounting plate; One end of the bottom surface of the lifting plate is fixedly connected with a push rod located just above the U-shaped groove, and a pressure plate is detachably fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the push rod; The other end of the bottom surface of the lifting plate is fixedly connected with a pressure rod assembly, and the bottom end of the pressure rod assembly is detachably fixedly mounted with a pressure plate; A hemispherical body is fixedly mounted at the center of the bottom surface of the pressure plate; When one of the pressure plates is located directly above one of the forming circular grooves, the other pressure plate is located directly above the forming circular groove adjacent to the forming circular groove.

[0011] Further, the pressure rod assembly includes a hollow rod fixedly connected, the outer periphery of the hollow rod is provided with a thread, the bottom end of the hollow rod is slidably inserted with a slide rod, one end of the slide rod located inside the hollow rod is fixedly installed with a slide block 2 that is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the hollow rod, and the bottom end of the slide rod is fixedly installed with the pressure plate; The outer periphery of the hollow rod is provided with two symmetrically distributed sliding grooves, a sliding block 1 located above the sliding block 2 is slidably installed in the hollow rod, two protrusions are fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the sliding block 1, and the ends of the two protrusions away from the sliding block 1 respectively slide through the two sliding grooves to the outside of the hollow rod, and a spring located inside the hollow rod is fixedly installed between the sliding block 1 and the sliding block 2; An adjusting ring located above the convex block is threadedly mounted on the outer periphery of the hollow rod. Under the elastic force of the spring, the adjusting ring and the convex block are in extrusion sliding contact.

[0012] Further, the conveying mechanism includes a U-shaped seat with one end fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate, and the open end of the U-shaped seat extends to the outside of the bottom plate; A conveyor belt is installed between the two sides of the U-shaped seat through a roller shaft, and a motor three for driving the roller shaft is fixedly installed on one side of the U-shaped seat.

[0013] Furthermore, the guide mechanism includes a strip and a limit plate, the strip is arranged above the U-shaped seat, and mounting seats 1 are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom surface of the strip, a bidirectional screw is rotatably installed between the two mounting seats 1, and two guide rods symmetrically distributed about the bidirectional screw are fixedly installed between the two mounting seats 1, and the outer periphery of the bidirectional screw is threadedly threaded with two sliding seats symmetrically distributed about the U-shaped seat, and a knob is fixedly installed after one end of the bidirectional screw rotates through the mounting seat 1 at the corresponding position; The bottom end of the slide is fixedly connected to a hanging plate, and the bottom end of the hanging plate is fixedly installed with a mounting block, and the mounting block is fixedly connected to the side of the U-shaped seat at both ends of the side of the mounting block that is close to the U-shaped seat with an optical axis that is perpendicular to the side of the U-shaped seat, and the ends of the two optical axes that are away from the mounting block slide through the side of the U-shaped seat, and are commonly fixedly connected to a limit plate that is parallel to the side of the U-shaped seat, and the ends of the two limit plates that are close to the bottom plate are outwardly expanded and bent; An L-shaped support rod is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the first mounting seat and the side surface corresponding to the U-shaped seat.

[0014] Furthermore, the sowing mechanism includes a support seat fixedly mounted at the middle position of the top surface of the strip plate, a mounting ring is fixedly mounted on the top of the support seat, and a second storage bin is fixedly mounted in the mounting ring; The bottom end of the second storage bin is fixedly connected to a material pipe, the periphery of the material pipe is fixedly connected to a support plate, the end of the support plate away from the material pipe is fixedly connected to a mounting seat 2, a motor 4 is fixedly mounted on the mounting seat 2, the output shaft end of the motor 4 is fixedly connected to a material discharge rod, and the material discharge rod rotates at the top end of the material pipe and penetrates the material pipe; The outer periphery of the blanking roller is provided with a plurality of material grooves distributed in an array in a circumferential direction about the axis of the blanking roller; A photoelectric sensor is installed on the bottom surface of the support plate.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The present invention controls the coordinated operation of the soil guide assembly, the forming assembly, the pressing assembly, the conveying mechanism, the guiding mechanism and the sowing mechanism through the control module, so as to automatically prepare the nutrient soil pots, effectively reduce the labor intensity of the preparation work, and automatically sow the formed nutrient soil pots, eliminating the need for manual sowing of each nutrient soil pot in the prior art, thereby improving the completion efficiency.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, the hollow rod, the sliding rod and the spring are arranged so that the pressure plate can elastically compress the soil material to avoid the problem of excessive pressing strength. At the same time, the pressing strength can be flexibly adjusted within a certain range by rotating the adjustment ring, which is convenient for adaptive adjustment according to the actual soil material conditions, thereby ensuring the preparation quality of the nutrient soil pots and improving the practicality of the present invention.

[0017] 3. The motor drives the stirring rod to rotate, and the stirring rod drives the stirring blade to stir, so that the soil and fertilizer can be put into the storage bin together. The stirring blade can mix the soil and fertilizer and has a crushing effect on the soil, which can replace the process of manual soil preparation and further reduce labor intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram from another angle; Figure 3is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the forming mechanism in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the forming mechanism and the conveying mechanism in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pressure rod assembly in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the sliding rod and the hollow rod in the present invention; Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the installation relationship between the conveying mechanism and the guide assembly in the present invention; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram from another angle; Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified view of part A; Fig.10 yes Figure 8 A magnified view of part B; Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sowing component in the present invention; The reference numerals in the figures are as follows: 1-bottom plate, 2-locking universal wheel, 3-power box, 4-storage bin 1, 5-pillar 1, 6-stirring rod, 7-stirring blade, 8-material guide pipe, 9-gate valve, 10-molding component, 11-pressing component, 12-conveying mechanism, 13-guiding mechanism, 14-seeding component, 15-motor 1, 16-supporting round table, 17-molding plate, 18-motor 2, 19-molding round groove, 20-mounting column, 21-U-shaped groove, 22-pillar 2, 23-mounting plate, 24-electric push rod, 25 limit rod, 26-pressure rod assembly, 27-lifting plate, 28-push rod, 29-U-shaped seat, 30-motor 3, 31-conveyor belt, 32-limit Position plate, 33-L-shaped support rod, 34-mounting seat one, 35-strip plate, 36-storage bin two, 37-mounting ring, 38-material tube, 39-support seat, 40-knob, 41-guide rod, 42-bidirectional screw rod, 43-slide seat, 44-hanging plate, 45-mounting block, 46-optical axis, 47-mounting seat two, 48-photoelectric sensor, 49-motor four, 50-unloading roller, 51-material trough, 52-support plate, 53-hollow rod, 54-slide rod, 55-pressure plate, 56-hemispherical body, 57-thread, 58-bump, 59-adjusting ring, 60-slide groove, 61-spring, 62-slider one, 63-slider two, 64-pillar three. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1 to Figure 5 and Figure 7 to Figure 11 In an embodiment of the present invention, a cotton soil cultivation and sowing machine includes a bottom plate 1, the bottom surface of the bottom plate 1 is fixedly installed with locking universal wheels 2 near the four corners, and the top surface of the bottom plate 1 is installed with a power box 3 near the tail end; the top surface of the bottom plate 1 is fixedly installed with a control module, a soil guide component, a forming mechanism and a conveying mechanism 12, and the control module is used to coordinate the operation of the soil guide component, the forming mechanism and the conveying mechanism 12; The soil guide assembly is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate 1 near the tail end, and the forming mechanism includes a forming assembly 10 and a pressing assembly 11 fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate 1. The forming assembly 10 is located on a side of the soil guide assembly away from the power supply box 3. One end of the conveying mechanism 12 is fixedly mounted at the middle position of the front end of the top surface of the bottom plate 1, and the other end of the conveying mechanism 12 extends to the outside of the bottom plate 1; A guiding mechanism 13 is installed on the conveying mechanism 12 , and the guiding mechanism 13 includes a sowing mechanism 14 .

[0021] Among them, the soil guide component includes a storage bin 4 arranged above the base plate 1, and a plurality of pillars 5 are fixedly connected between the bottom surface of the storage bin 4 and the top surface of the base plate 1. A material guide pipe 8 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the storage bin 4 at a position close to the molding component 10, and a gate valve 9 is installed in the material guide pipe 8.

[0022] The molding assembly 10 includes a support truncated platform 16 arranged parallel to the bottom plate 1, a plurality of pillars 3 64 are fixedly connected between the bottom surface of the support truncated platform 16 and the top surface of the bottom plate 1, a motor 2 18 is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom surface of the support truncated platform 16, a mounting column 20 is rotatably installed at the center of the top surface of the support truncated platform 16, and the bottom end of the mounting column 20 rotates through the support truncated platform 16 and is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the motor 2 18; A forming disc 17 located on the supporting truncated platform 16 is fixedly mounted on the periphery of the mounting column 20, the bottom surface of the forming disc 17 is in sliding contact with the top surface of the supporting truncated platform 16, and the inner top surface of the forming disc 17 is provided with four forming circular grooves 19 distributed in an array in the circumferential direction of the mounting column 20, and the forming circular grooves 19 pass through the forming disc 17; The bottom end of the guide tube 8 is in sliding contact with the top surface of the forming disk 17, the inner diameter of the guide tube 8 is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the forming circular groove 19, and the distance between the axis of the guide tube 8 and the mounting column 20 is equal to the distance between the axis of the forming circular groove 19 and the mounting column 20; A U-shaped groove 21 is formed on the bottom surface of the supporting truncated platform 16 at a position away from the material guiding pipe 8 .

[0023] The pressing assembly 11 includes a mounting plate 23 disposed above the forming disk 17, and pillars 22 are fixedly connected between the two ends of the bottom surface of the mounting plate 23 and the top surface of the bottom plate 1, and an electric push rod 24 is fixedly installed at the middle position of the top surface of the mounting plate 23, and the output end of the electric push rod 24 slides through the mounting plate 23, and a lifting plate 27 is fixedly installed, and the two ends of the top surface of the lifting plate 27 are fixedly connected with vertically arranged limit rods 25, and the top end of the limit rod 25 slides through the mounting plate 23; One end of the bottom surface of the lifting plate 27 is fixedly connected to a push rod 28 located just above the U-shaped groove 21, and a pressure plate 55 is detachably fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the push rod 28; The other end of the bottom surface of the lifting plate 27 is fixedly connected with a pressure rod assembly 26, and the bottom end of the pressure rod assembly 26 is detachably fixedly mounted with a pressure plate 55; A hemispherical body 56 is fixedly mounted at the center of the bottom surface of the pressure plate 55; When one pressure plate 55 is located directly above one molding circular groove 19 , another pressure plate 55 is located directly above the molding circular groove 19 adjacent to the molding circular groove 19 .

[0024] The conveying mechanism 12 includes a U-shaped seat 29 fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate 1 at one end, and the open end of the U-shaped seat 29 extends to the outside of the bottom plate 1; A conveyor belt 31 is installed between the two sides of the U-shaped seat 29 through a roller shaft, and a motor 30 for driving the roller shaft is fixedly installed on one side of the U-shaped seat 29.

[0025] The guide mechanism 13 includes a strip plate 35 and a limit plate 32. The strip plate 35 is arranged above the U-shaped seat 29. The bottom surfaces of the strip plate 35 are fixedly mounted with mounting seats 34 at both ends. A bidirectional screw rod 42 is rotatably mounted between the two mounting seats 34. Two guide rods 41 symmetrically distributed about the bidirectional screw rod 42 are fixedly mounted between the two mounting seats 34. Two sliding seats 43 symmetrically distributed about the U-shaped seat 29 are installed on the outer periphery of the bidirectional screw rod 42 in a through-threaded manner. A knob 40 is fixedly mounted after one end of the bidirectional screw rod 42 rotates through the mounting seat 34 at the corresponding position. The bottom end of the slide seat 43 is fixedly connected with a hanging plate 44, and the bottom end of the hanging plate 44 is fixedly installed with a mounting block 45. The mounting block 45 is fixedly connected with optical axes 46 arranged perpendicular to the side of the U-shaped seat 29 at both ends of the side of the U-shaped seat 29. The ends of the two optical axes 46 away from the mounting block 45 slide through the side of the U-shaped seat 29, and are fixedly connected with a limit plate 32 arranged parallel to the side of the U-shaped seat 29. The ends of the two limit plates 32 close to the bottom plate 1 are outwardly expanded and bent. An L-shaped support rod 33 is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the mounting seat 1 34 and the side surface corresponding to the U-shaped seat 29 .

[0026] The sowing mechanism 14 includes a support seat 39 fixedly mounted on the middle position of the top surface of the strip plate 35, a mounting ring 37 is fixedly mounted on the top of the support seat 39, and a storage bin 2 36 is fixedly mounted in the mounting ring 37; The bottom end of the second storage bin 36 is fixedly connected with a material pipe 38, the periphery of the material pipe 38 is fixedly connected with a support plate 52, the end of the support plate 52 away from the material pipe 38 is fixedly connected with a mounting seat 2 47, a motor 49 is fixedly mounted on the mounting seat 2 47, the output shaft end of the motor 49 is fixedly connected with a material discharge rod 50, and the material discharge rod 50 rotates at the top position of the material pipe 38 and penetrates the material pipe 38; A plurality of material slots 51 are arranged on the periphery of the material feed roller 50 and are arranged in an array circumferentially about the axis of the material feed roller 50; A photoelectric sensor 48 is mounted on the bottom surface of the support plate 52 .

[0027] In the prior art, the preparation efficiency of the manual nutrient soil pot press is low and requires continuous manual operation, resulting in reduced planting efficiency; at the same time, after the nutrient soil pots are stacked, manual cotton seed sowing operations are required, which increases the labor intensity of the entire seedling planting work.

[0028] When the present invention is used: The device body is moved to the designated position, and the soil material is placed into the soil guide assembly. The control module controls the soil guide assembly, the forming assembly 10, the pressing assembly 11, the conveying mechanism 12, the guiding mechanism 13 and the sowing mechanism 14 to operate in coordination; the soil material in the soil guide assembly is continuously guided to the forming assembly 10, the pressing assembly 11 presses the soil material in the forming assembly 10, and moves the pressed and formed nutrient soil pot to the conveying mechanism 12, and the conveying mechanism 12 conveys the formed nutrient soil pot to the end away from the bottom plate 1, so as to facilitate orderly collection; during the conveying process, the guiding mechanism 13 limits the nutrient soil pot, so that the nutrient soil pot is conveyed in the center position in the conveying mechanism 12, and when the nutrient soil pot passes through the sowing mechanism 14, the sowing mechanism 14 sows the cotton seeds into the depression on the top surface of the nutrient soil pot, so that the nutrient soil pot collected at the end of the conveying mechanism 12 away from the bottom plate 1 is in a formed and sown state, and after the collection is completed, it only needs to be stacked at the seedling position; Therefore, in the present invention, the control module controls the coordinated operation of the soil guide component, the molding component 10, the pressing component 11, the conveying mechanism 12, the guide mechanism 13 and the sowing mechanism 14, so that the nutrient soil pots can be prepared automatically, which effectively reduces the labor intensity of the preparation work, and can automatically perform the sowing operation on the molded nutrient soil pots, eliminating the need for manual sowing of each nutrient soil pot one by one in the prior art, thereby improving the completion efficiency.

[0029] Specific: Place soil materials into the storage bin 1 4, open the gate valve 9, and guide the soil materials in the storage bin 1 4 to the forming assembly 10 through the guide pipe 8; In the molding assembly 10, the control module controls the motor 2 18 to drive the mounting column 20 to perform periodic interval rotation operation, so that the four molding circular grooves 19 in the molding disk 17 are continuously and sequentially docked with the material guide tube 8, thereby achieving the purpose of continuous material supply to the molding assembly 10. In this embodiment, the number of molding circular grooves 19 is four, and the rotation angle of the molding disk 17 each time is ninety degrees; In the pressing assembly 11, the control module controls the electric push rod 24 to perform periodic reciprocating extension and contraction, thereby driving the lifting plate 27 to perform reciprocating lifting and lowering motion. When the lifting plate 27 descends, the soil material in the forming circular groove 19 directly below the pressing rod assembly 26 is in a state to be pressed, and the soil material below the push rod 28 has been pressed into a nutrient soil pot; the lifting plate 27 simultaneously drives the pressing rod assembly 26 and the push rod 28 to descend, and the pressing rod assembly 26 drives the pressing plate 55 below it to perform a pressing and forming operation, and the push rod 28 drives the pressing plate 55 below it to cooperate with the U-shaped groove 21 to push the formed nutrient soil pot to the feeding end of the conveying mechanism 12; the continuous pressing and pushing actions are realized in sequence. In the conveying mechanism 12, the conveyor belt 31 continuously conveys the nutrient soil pots to the collection end; Among them, the forming disk 17 is a replaceable part, and the forming size can be selected according to the needs. In the guide mechanism 13, the distance between the two limit plates 32 can be adjusted by rotating the two-way screw rod 42 through the knob 40. The distance depends on the diameter of the nutrient soil pot. Through this setting, the nutrient soil pot can be centered on the conveyor belt 31; In the sowing mechanism 14, when the nutrient soil pot passes through the photoelectric sensor 48, the photoelectric sensor 48 transmits information to the control module, so that the control module controls the motor 49 to drive the feeding roller 50 to rotate at a certain angle, so that the cotton seeds in the material trough 51 fall into the top surface depression of the nutrient soil pot below through the material pipe 38, thereby completing the automatic sowing operation.

[0030] Among them, the control module can use PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). PLC controls the periodic rotation of the motor, controls the periodic extension and retraction of the electric push rod, and combines with photoelectric sensors for feedback control. It is a relatively common technical application in the current industrial automation field.

[0031] PLC is widely used in the control of various types of automation equipment. It can receive input signals (such as the output of photoelectric sensors) and make decisions according to preset logic programs to control output signals (such as the operation of motors and push rods). PLC can realize the periodic start and stop of motors through functions such as timers and counters. Common methods to achieve periodic rotation include using pulse signals or setting specific time intervals. Electric push rods are often used to achieve linear motion. PLC can control the extension and retraction of push rods as needed, such as by controlling the switch of the driving power supply to extend and retract at a specific timing. Photoelectric sensors can be used to detect the position or size of objects, and PLC can adjust the operating state of the motor according to the feedback signal of the sensor. This mechanism is used to achieve closed-loop control and improve the accuracy and reliability of the system. This control method is very common in automated production lines, packaging machinery, robots and other fields, which can improve work efficiency and ensure the accuracy of the production process.

[0032] Embodiment 2: See also Figure 3 to Figure 6 On the basis of Example 1, the pressure rod assembly 26 includes a hollow rod 53 fixedly connected, a thread 57 is arranged on the periphery of the hollow rod 53, a slide rod 54 is slidably inserted at the bottom end of the hollow rod 53, a slider 63 is fixedly installed at one end of the slide rod 54 located inside the hollow rod 53 and in sliding contact with the inner wall of the hollow rod 53, and a pressure plate 55 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the slide rod 54; Two symmetrically distributed slide grooves 60 are provided on the periphery of the hollow rod 53. A slider 1 62 located above the slider 2 63 is slidably installed in the hollow rod 53. Two protrusions 58 are fixedly installed on the periphery of the slider 1 62. One end of the two protrusions 58 away from the slider 1 62 slides through the two slide grooves 60 to the outside of the hollow rod 53. A spring 61 located inside the hollow rod 53 is fixedly installed between the slider 1 62 and the slider 2 63. An adjusting ring 59 located above the protrusion 58 is threadedly mounted on the outer periphery of the hollow rod 53 through a thread 57 . Under the elastic force of the spring 61 , the adjusting ring 59 and the protrusion 58 are in extrusion sliding contact.

[0033] The pressing depth of the pressing rod assembly 26 in Example 1 remains consistent, which belongs to rigid pressing; however, actual soil materials may vary (affected by factors such as region and humidity), and rigid pressing may not be able to effectively adapt to these differences, resulting in inconsistent molding quality and affecting the performance of the final soil pot.

[0034] Specifically, sufficient structural strength may not be formed during the pressing process, resulting in the molded soil pot being fragile or disintegrating during use, especially when the soil contains more organic matter or has higher viscosity.

[0035] When the strength is too high, it may affect the pore structure of the soil, limiting the permeability and air permeability of the soil pot, which is very important for the growth of plant roots.

[0036] In this embodiment, the pressing rod assembly 26 is mainly composed of a slide rod 54, a hollow rod 53 and a spring 61. When pressing, the descending height of the hollow rod 53 remains consistent, and the slide rod 54 can be adaptively contracted. The actual pressing force is provided by the restoring elastic force of the spring 61 when it is compressed. Therefore, the pressing force can be adjusted within a certain range by changing the restoring elastic force of the spring 61. Among them, by rotating the adjustment ring 59, the distance between the slider 1 62 and the slider 2 63 in the initial state can be adjusted, and the length of the spring 61 in the initial state (the magnitude of the restoring elastic force of the spring 61 in the initial state) can be adjusted; therefore, by reducing the initial distance between the slider 1 62 and the slider 2 63, the pressing force on the soil can be increased, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the pressing force; Therefore, in the present invention, the hollow rod 53, the sliding rod 54 and the spring 61 are arranged so that the pressure plate 55 can elastically compress the soil material to avoid the problem of excessive pressing strength. At the same time, the pressing force can be flexibly adjusted within a certain range by rotating the adjustment ring 59, which is convenient for adaptive adjustment according to the actual soil material conditions, thereby ensuring the preparation quality of the nutrient soil pots and improving the practicality of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 3: See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 On the basis of Example 2, a mixing assembly is installed in the storage bin 4, and the mixing assembly includes a motor 15 fixedly installed at the center of the bottom surface of the storage bin 4 and a stirring rod 6 rotatably installed in the storage bin 4, the stirring rod 6 is coaxial with the storage bin 4, and the bottom end of the stirring rod 6 rotates through the bottom of the storage bin 4 and is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the motor 15; A plurality of stirring blades 7 are fixedly mounted on the periphery of the stirring rod 6 .

[0038] In the prior art, the preparation of nutrient soil potting materials requires the use of agricultural tools for crushing and mixing, which is labor-intensive. In this embodiment, the motor 15 drives the stirring rod 6 to rotate, and the stirring rod 6 drives the stirring blade 7 to stir, so that the soil and fertilizer can be put into the storage bin 4 together. The stirring blade 7 can mix the soil and fertilizer and has a crushing effect on the soil, which can replace the process of manual preparation of soil materials and further reduce the labor intensity.

[0039] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A cotton soil cultivation and sowing machine, comprising a bottom plate (1), wherein the bottom surface of the bottom plate (1) is fixedly mounted with locking universal wheels (2) near four corners, and the top surface of the bottom plate (1) is mounted with a power supply box (3) near the tail end; characterized in that: A control module, a soil guiding assembly, a forming mechanism and a conveying mechanism (12) are fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate (1), wherein the control module is used to coordinate the operation of the soil guiding assembly, the forming mechanism and the conveying mechanism (12); The soil guide assembly is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base plate (1) at a position close to the tail end, the forming mechanism comprises a forming assembly (10) and a pressing assembly (11) fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base plate (1), the forming assembly (10) being located on a side of the soil guide assembly away from the power supply box (3); One end of the conveying mechanism (12) is fixedly mounted at a middle position of the front end of the top surface of the bottom plate (1), and the other end of the conveying mechanism (12) extends to the outside of the bottom plate (1); A guide mechanism (13) is installed on the conveying mechanism (12), and the guide mechanism (13) includes a sowing mechanism (14).

2. The cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil guide assembly comprises a material storage bin (4) arranged above a base plate (1); a plurality of pillars (5) are fixedly connected between the bottom surface of the material storage bin (4) and the top surface of the base plate (1); a material guide pipe (8) is fixedly installed through the bottom surface of the material storage bin (4) at a position close to the forming assembly (10); a gate valve (9) is installed in the material guide pipe (8).

3. The cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A mixing assembly is installed in the material storage bin (4), and the mixing assembly includes a motor (15) fixedly installed at the center of the bottom surface of the material storage bin (4) and a stirring rod (6) rotatably installed in the material storage bin (4), the stirring rod (6) being coaxial with the material storage bin (4), and the bottom end of the stirring rod (6) is rotated to penetrate the bottom of the material storage bin (4) and then fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the motor (15); A plurality of stirring blades (7) are fixedly mounted on the periphery of the stirring rod (6).

4. The cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The molding assembly (10) comprises a supporting truncated table (16) arranged parallel to the top of the base plate (1); a plurality of supporting columns (64) are fixedly connected between the bottom surface of the supporting truncated table (16) and the top surface of the base plate (1); a motor (18) is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom surface of the supporting truncated table (16); a mounting column (20) is rotatably installed at the center of the top surface of the supporting truncated table (16); the bottom end of the mounting column (20) rotates through the supporting truncated table (16) and is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the motor (18); A forming disc (17) located on the supporting truncated platform (16) is fixedly mounted on the periphery of the mounting column (20); the bottom surface of the forming disc (17) is in sliding contact with the top surface of the supporting truncated platform (16); the top surface of the forming disc (17) is provided with four forming circular grooves (19) distributed in an array in the circumferential direction of the mounting column (20); and the forming circular grooves (19) penetrate the forming disc (17); The bottom end of the guide tube (8) is in sliding contact with the top surface of the molding disk (17), the inner diameter of the guide tube (8) is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the molding circular groove (19), and the distance between the axis of the guide tube (8) and the mounting column (20) is equal to the distance between the axis of the molding circular groove (19) and the mounting column (20); A U-shaped groove (21) is provided on the bottom surface of the supporting truncated platform (16) at a position away from the material guiding tube (8).

5. The cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressing assembly (11) comprises a mounting plate (23) arranged above the forming disc (17), pillars (22) are fixedly connected between the two ends of the bottom surface of the mounting plate (23) and the top surface of the bottom plate (1), an electric push rod (24) is fixedly installed at the middle position of the top surface of the mounting plate (23), the output end of the electric push rod (24) slides through the mounting plate (23), and a lifting plate (27) is fixedly installed, and the two ends of the top surface of the lifting plate (27) are fixedly connected to vertically arranged limit rods (25), and the top end of the limit rod (25) slides through the mounting plate (23); One end of the bottom surface of the lifting plate (27) is fixedly connected to a push rod (28) located directly above the U-shaped groove (21), and a pressure plate (55) is detachably fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the push rod (28); The other end of the bottom surface of the lifting plate (27) is fixedly connected to a pressure rod assembly (26), and a pressure plate (55) is detachably fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the pressure rod assembly (26); A hemispherical body (56) is fixedly mounted at the center of the bottom surface of the pressure plate (55); When one of the pressure plates (55) is located directly above one of the molding circular grooves (19), the other pressure plate (55) is located directly above the molding circular groove (19) adjacent to the molding circular groove (19).

6. The cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pressure rod assembly (26) comprises a hollow rod (53) which is fixedly connected, the outer periphery of the hollow rod (53) is provided with a thread (57), a sliding rod (54) is slidably inserted into the bottom end of the hollow rod (53), a sliding block (63) which is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding rod (54) located inside the hollow rod (53) and is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the hollow rod (53), and the pressure plate (55) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the sliding rod (54); Two symmetrically distributed slide grooves (60) are provided on the periphery of the hollow rod (53); a slide block (62) located above the slide block (63) is slidably installed in the hollow rod (53); two protrusions (58) are fixedly installed on the periphery of the slide block (62); the ends of the two protrusions (58) away from the slide block (62) slide through the two slide grooves (60) to the outside of the hollow rod (53); and a spring (61) located inside the hollow rod (53) is fixedly installed between the slide block (62) and the slide block (63); An adjustment ring (59) located above the protrusion (58) is threadedly mounted on the outer periphery of the hollow rod (53) via a thread (57); under the elastic force of the spring (61), the adjustment ring (59) and the protrusion (58) are in extrusion-type sliding contact.

7. The cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism (12) comprises a U-shaped seat (29) with one end fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bottom plate (1), and an open end of the U-shaped seat (29) extends to the outside of the bottom plate (1); A conveyor belt (31) is installed between the two sides of the U-shaped seat (29) via a roller shaft, and a motor three (30) for driving the roller shaft is fixedly installed on one side of the U-shaped seat (29).

8. The cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The guide mechanism (13) comprises a strip plate (35) and a limit plate (32), the strip plate (35) being arranged above the U-shaped seat (29), and mounting seats (34) being fixedly mounted on both ends of the bottom surface of the strip plate (35), a bidirectional screw rod (42) being rotatably mounted between the two mounting seats (34), and two guide rods (41) being symmetrically distributed with respect to the bidirectional screw rod (42) being fixedly mounted between the two mounting seats (34), two sliding seats (43) being symmetrically distributed with respect to the U-shaped seat (29) being installed on the outer periphery of the bidirectional screw rod (42) in a through-threaded manner, and a knob (40) being fixedly mounted after one end of the bidirectional screw rod (42) is rotatably mounted through the mounting seat (34) at the corresponding position; The bottom end of the sliding seat (43) is fixedly connected to a hanging plate (44), and the bottom end of the hanging plate (44) is fixedly installed with a mounting block (45). The mounting block (45) is fixedly connected to optical axes (46) arranged perpendicular to the side of the U-shaped seat (29) at both ends on the side of the U-shaped seat (29). The ends of the two optical axes (46) away from the mounting block (45) slide through the side of the U-shaped seat (29) and are fixedly connected to a limit plate (32) arranged parallel to the side of the U-shaped seat (29). The ends of the two limit plates (32) close to the bottom plate (1) are outwardly expanded and bent. An L-shaped support rod (33) is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the first mounting seat (34) and the side surface corresponding to the U-shaped seat (29).

9. The cotton soil cultivation and sowing integrated machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sowing mechanism (14) comprises a support seat (39) fixedly mounted at a middle position of the top surface of the strip plate (35), a mounting ring (37) fixedly mounted on the top of the support seat (39), and a second storage bin (36) fixedly mounted in the mounting ring (37); The bottom end of the second material storage bin (36) is fixedly connected to a material pipe (38), the periphery of the material pipe (38) is fixedly connected to a support plate (52), the end of the support plate (52) away from the material pipe (38) is fixedly connected to a second mounting seat (47), a fourth motor (49) is fixedly mounted on the second mounting seat (47), the output shaft end of the fourth motor (49) is fixedly connected to a material discharge rod (50), and the material discharge rod (50) rotates at the top end of the material pipe (38) and penetrates the material pipe (38); A plurality of material grooves (51) are arranged on the periphery of the material discharge roller (50) and are arranged in an array circumferentially with respect to the axis of the material discharge roller (50); A photoelectric sensor (48) is installed on the bottom surface of the support plate (52).

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