Tool set and forming method for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging stock from blank with large height-diameter ratio

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool set and a forming method for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging stock from a blank with a large height-diameter ratio, and belongs to the technical field of complex forging stock forming. The first tool is provided with a first discharging cavity, the second tool is provided with a second discharging cavity, the first discharging cavity and the second discharging cavity are both conical cavities, and when the first tool is buckled on the second tool, the first discharging cavity and the second discharging cavity are spliced to form a spindle-shaped cavity; the third tool is provided with a third discharging cavity inclining towards one side, and the height of one side of the edge of a cavity opening of the third discharging cavity is lower than that of the other side of the edge of the cavity opening of the third discharging cavity so that a first step can be formed on the other side of the third discharging cavity; the fourth tool is provided with a fourth discharging cavity, one side of the edge of a cavity opening of the fourth discharging cavity is lower than the other side of the edge of the cavity opening of the fourth discharging cavity so that a second step can be formed on the other side of the fourth discharging cavity, a third step higher than the second step is arranged on the second step, a first limiting table is arranged on the third step in a protruding mode, and a second limiting table is arranged on the top face of the fourth tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of complex forging blank forming, and particularly relates to a tooling set and a forming method for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank with a large aspect ratio. Background Art

[0002] Asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110 is often used for aviation landing gear or aircraft vertical tail. Its shape is as follows Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the T-shaped forging blank 110 includes a vertical rod portion 111, a long branch 112, a short middle branch 113 and a short end branch 114, the long branch 112 is located on one side of the vertical rod portion 111, the short middle branch 113 and the short end branch 114 are located on the other side of the vertical rod portion 111. From the overall structural point of view, the structures on both sides of the vertical rod portion 111 are not symmetrical, the height of the vertical rod portion 111 is h1, the height of the long branch 112 is h2, the height of the short middle branch 113 is h3, the height of the short end branch 114 is h4, h1≠h2≠h3≠h4, and the lengths of the long branch 112, the short middle branch 113 and the short end branch 114 are also different. The difficulty in manufacturing a forging blank of this shape lies in that the blank is eccentric as a whole, and the lengths and heights of the long branch 112, the short middle branch 113 and the short end branch 114 are greatly different. In addition, due to the size of the vertical rod 111, this type of asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110 requires the selection of a large aspect ratio blank 70 for blank making. The large aspect ratio blank 70 is prone to cause forging defects that cannot be eliminated during the upsetting process.

[0003] At present, there are two methods for manufacturing such forging billets: one is to rely on the experience of on-site workers, and gradually forge the largest cross-section of the bar or square material to a small cross-section after multiple rounds of local flattening and stretching deformation. The shape and size of the forging billet cannot be guaranteed, the molding quality is poor, and the consistency of the produced forging billets is poor; the second is to use machine tools to machine the symmetrical T-shaped blank into an ideal forging billet. This method has the disadvantage of material waste. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a tooling set for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank with a large aspect ratio blank, which is used to manufacture an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank by a membrane forging method, so as to obtain a forging blank with a shape and size that better meets the requirements, and the forging blank forming quality and consistency are better.

[0005] The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a tooling set for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging billet with a large aspect ratio includes:

[0006] The first tooling is provided with a first material discharging cavity opening downward;

[0007] The second tooling is provided with a second discharge cavity with an upward opening, the first discharge cavity and the second discharge cavity are both conical cavities that gradually expand from the cavity bottom to the cavity mouth, and when the first tooling is buckled on the second tooling, the first discharge cavity and the second discharge cavity are combined to form a spindle-shaped cavity;

[0008] The third tooling is provided with a third discharge cavity with an opening facing upward and inclined to one side, and the height of one side of the cavity opening edge of the third discharge cavity is lower than the other side, so as to form a first step on the other side of the third discharge cavity;

[0009] The fourth tooling is provided with a fourth discharge cavity with an opening facing upward, and one side of the cavity opening edge of the fourth discharge cavity is lower in height than the other side, so as to form a second step on the other side of the fourth discharge cavity, and a third step higher than the second step is provided on the second step, and a first limit platform is protruded at the edge position of the third step away from the second step, and a second limit platform is provided on the top surface of the fourth tooling and is located on the side of one side of the fourth discharge cavity.

[0010] Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the angle between the side wall and the bottom of the first discharge cavity is α, 91°≤α≤93°;

[0011] The included angle between the side wall and the bottom of the second discharge cavity is β, β=α.

[0012] Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the depth of the first discharge cavity is H1, and the depth of the second discharge cavity is H2;

[0013] 0.6H<(H1+H2)<0.8H, wherein H is the height of the billet with a large aspect ratio.

[0014] Furthermore, in order to better implement the present invention, the third discharge cavity is inclined toward one side at an angle of θ, 0≤θ≤7°.

[0015] Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the vertical distance between the cavity bottom and cavity opening of the third discharge cavity is H3, H3=h1, wherein h1 is the height of the vertical rod portion of the T-shaped forging blank;

[0016] The height of the first step is Δh1, Δh1=h2-h3, wherein h2 is the height of the long branch of the T-shaped forging blank, h3 is the height of the short middle branch of the T-shaped forging blank, and 5%H3≤Δh1≤45%H3.

[0017] Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the depth of the fourth discharge cavity is H4, H4=h1, wherein h1 is the height of the vertical rod portion of the T-shaped forging blank;

[0018] The height of the second step is Δh2, Δh2=h2-h3, wherein h2 is the height of the long branch of the T-shaped forging blank, h3 is the height of the short middle branch of the T-shaped forging blank, and 5%H4≤Δh2≤45%H4;

[0019] The height of the third step is Δh3, Δh3=h3-h4, wherein h4 is the height of the short end branch of the T-shaped forging blank.

[0020] Furthermore, in order to better implement the present invention, transition arcs are provided between the second step and the third step, between the third step and the first limit platform, and between the second limit platform and the top surface of the fourth tooling.

[0021] Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the draft angle of the third discharge cavity and the draft angle of the fourth discharge cavity are both 1°-5°;

[0022] The side wall of the first limit platform close to the fourth discharge cavity and the side wall of the second limit platform close to the fourth discharge cavity are both inclined walls, which are inclined in a direction away from the fourth discharge cavity, and the inclination angle of the inclined wall is 1°-5°.

[0023] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, the first discharge cavity, the second discharge cavity, the third discharge cavity and the fourth discharge cavity are all provided with die mouth rounded corners at their cavity openings.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging billet from a billet with a large aspect ratio, using the above-mentioned tooling set, and the method comprises:

[0025] Step 1: Place the large aspect ratio blank into the second discharge cavity of the second tooling, and buckle the first tooling on the large aspect ratio blank so that the upper part of the large aspect ratio blank enters the first discharge cavity of the first tooling, and use the equipment to make the first tooling press the large aspect ratio blank downward to upset the large aspect ratio blank to obtain a spindle-shaped transition blank with a small aspect ratio;

[0026] Step 2: placing the spindle-shaped transition blank obtained in step 1 into the third discharge cavity of the third tooling, using a flat anvil to perform downward upsetting on the spindle-shaped transition blank, the inclined third discharge cavity allows the metal to flow toward the inclined side during upsetting, and the first step on the third tooling is used to make the metal gather at one side edge of the third discharge cavity during upsetting, thereby obtaining an asymmetric upsetting-formed top eccentric transition blank, wherein the top eccentric transition blank has a vertical rod section and a non-uniform thickness eccentric portion located above the vertical rod section;

[0027] Step 3: Use a flat anvil to beat the non-equal thickness eccentric portion of the top eccentric transition blank obtained in step 2 to beat the non-equal thickness eccentric portion into a flat equal thickness eccentric portion, thereby obtaining a preformed transition blank with a flat top and equal thickness, wherein the preformed transition blank has a vertical rod body corresponding to the vertical rod segment and an equal thickness eccentric portion located above the vertical rod body, wherein a section of the equal thickness eccentric portion located on one side of the vertical rod body is a long section, and a section of the equal thickness eccentric portion located on the other side of the vertical rod body is a short section, and the length of the long section is greater than the length of the short section;

[0028] Step 4: insert the vertical rod body of the preformed transition blank obtained in step 3 into the fourth discharge cavity of the fourth tooling, so that the long section of the preformed transition blank is placed on one side of the fourth discharge cavity, and the short section of the preformed transition blank is placed on the second step on the fourth tooling, and the equal-thickness eccentric part of the preformed transition blank is beaten with a flat anvil to flatten the equal-thickness eccentric part, and the second step, the third step, the first limit platform and the second limit platform are cooperated to form the long section of the flattened equal-thickness eccentric part into the long branch of the T-shaped forging blank, and the short section of the flattened equal-thickness eccentric part is formed into the short middle branch and the short end branch of the T-shaped forging blank, and the vertical rod body is formed into the vertical rod part of the T-shaped forging blank;

[0029] Step 5: Repeat the above steps 3 and 4 to finally obtain an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank with qualified dimensions.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The tooling assembly for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank from a blank with a large aspect ratio provided by the present invention uses a first tooling and a second tooling to upset the blank with a large aspect ratio to form a spindle-shaped transition blank with a small aspect ratio. During upsetting, the lower part and the upper part of the blank with a large aspect ratio are respectively placed in the second discharge cavity of the second tooling and the first discharge cavity of the first tooling, thereby well positioning and wrapping the blank with a large aspect ratio over a large range, so that the blank with a large aspect ratio will not have forging defects that are difficult to eliminate during the process of upsetting it into a spindle-shaped transition blank. The spindle-shaped transition blank is positioned by means of the third tooling, and the top of the spindle-shaped transition blank is slapped by means of a flat anvil, so that the spindle-shaped transition blank becomes a top eccentric transition blank with a vertical rod section and a non-uniform thickness eccentric portion. This lays the foundation for the final forming of the asymmetric T-shaped forging blank, and then the non-equal thickness eccentric part of the top eccentric transition blank is hit again with the flat anvil, so that the non-equal thickness eccentric part is transformed into an equal thickness eccentric part, thereby obtaining a preformed transition blank with a vertical rod body (corresponding to the vertical rod segment) and an equal thickness eccentric part. Finally, the preformed transition blank is positioned with the help of the fourth tooling, and the equal thickness eccentric part of the preformed transition blank is hit again with the flat anvil. Since the fourth tooling is provided with a second step and a third step, when the equal thickness eccentric part of the upsetting preformed transition blank is hit, different sections of the equal thickness eccentric part will form the long branch, short middle branch and short end branch of the T-shaped forging blank, and the vertical rod body of the preformed transition blank forms the vertical rod part of the T-shaped forging blank.

[0032] Through the above-mentioned tooling set and method, the large aspect ratio billet can be formed into an asymmetric T-shaped forging billet by means of membrane forging, which effectively reduces the forging defects caused by the excessively large aspect ratio of the billet, has stronger applicability, and can effectively reduce the number of forging fires for the rough forming of the asymmetric T-shaped forging billet, thereby reducing the production cost. The shape and size of the asymmetric T-shaped forging billet finally formed are more in line with the requirements, the forming quality is better, and it is not easy to have forging defects. The consistency of the mass-produced asymmetric T-shaped forging billets is higher. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank in the prior art;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first tooling in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second tooling in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third tool in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth tool in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large aspect ratio blank in the prior art;

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the spindle-shaped transition blank in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a top eccentric transition blank in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a preformed transition blank in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the first upsetting process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the second upsetting process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the working process of forging a top eccentric transition blank into a preformed transition blank in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the third upsetting process in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] In the figure:

[0048] 10-first tooling, 11-first discharge cavity;

[0049] 20-second tooling, 21-second discharge chamber;

[0050] 30-third tooling, 31-third discharge cavity, 32-first step;

[0051] 40-fourth tooling, 41-fourth discharge cavity, 42-second step, 43-third step, 44-first limit platform, 45-second limit platform;

[0052] 51- transition arc, 52- inclined wall, 53- die fillet;

[0053] 60-Flat anvil;

[0054] 70-High aspect ratio blank;

[0055] 80-spindle-shaped transition blank;

[0056] 90-top eccentric transition blank, 91-vertical rod section, 92-non-uniform thickness eccentric part;

[0057] 100-preformed transition blank, 101-vertical rod body, 102-equal thickness eccentric part, 1021-long section, 1022-short section;

[0058] 110-T-shaped forging blank, 111-vertical rod portion, 112-long branch, 113-short middle branch, 114-short end branch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] The present invention provides a tooling set for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank with a large aspect ratio, which is used to forge a large aspect ratio blank 70 into an asymmetric T-shaped broken forging blank. It should be noted that the aspect ratio K (K=H / D) is often used to measure and evaluate the risk level of the upsetting process during billet upsetting, where H is the billet height before upsetting, and D is the billet diameter or side length before upsetting. When K≤2.5, the billet is a small aspect ratio billet, the upsetting process is stable, and the risk of forging defects is controllable. When K≥3, the billet is a large aspect ratio billet 70, which is prone to cause forging defects that cannot be eliminated during upsetting. Limited by the cross-sectional size of the asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110, the asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110 has to use a large aspect ratio billet 70 for billet making.

[0062] The tool set provided by the present invention includes a first tool 10, a second tool 20, a third tool 30 and a fourth tool 40, wherein:

[0063] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Fig.10 As shown, a first discharge cavity 11 with an opening facing downward and axially vertical is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the first tooling 10, and a second discharge cavity 21 with an opening facing upward and axially vertical is provided at the center of the top surface of the second tooling 20. Both the first discharge cavity 11 and the second discharge cavity 21 are conical cavities that gradually expand from the cavity bottom to the cavity mouth. When the first tooling 10 is buckled on the second tooling 20, the first discharge cavity 11 and the second discharge cavity 21 are assembled into a spindle-shaped cavity.

[0064] The lower part of the large aspect ratio billet 70 is placed in the second discharge cavity 21 of the second tooling 20, and the upper part of the large aspect ratio billet 70 is placed in the first discharge cavity 11 of the first tooling 10. At this time, the first discharge cavity 11 and the second discharge cavity 21 cover a large range of the large aspect ratio billet 70. The first tooling 10 is driven downward by the equipment to perform upsetting on the large aspect ratio billet 70 (defined as the first upsetting), so that the large aspect ratio billet 70 becomes shorter. Since the first discharge cavity 11 and the second discharge cavity 21 can be assembled into a spindle-shaped chamber, during this upsetting, the large aspect ratio billet 70 will be forged into a spindle-shaped transition billet 80. The height of the spindle-shaped transition billet 80 is reduced, so its aspect ratio is reduced, which is convenient for subsequent direct upsetting using the flat anvil 60.

[0065] Optionally, the angle between the side wall and the bottom of the first discharge cavity 11 is α, 91°≤α≤93°, and the angle between the side wall and the bottom of the second discharge cavity 21 is β, β=α, that is, the cavity walls of the first discharge cavity 11 and the second discharge cavity 21 are inclined by 1°-3°, which is not only convenient for taking out the blank, but also can upset the large aspect ratio blank 70 into a spindle-shaped transition blank 80 during the first upsetting. Specifically, α=β=1°, or α=β=2°, or α=β=3°, and the specific inclination angle is determined according to the height and length or outer diameter of the large aspect ratio blank 70.

[0066] The depth of the first discharge cavity 11 is defined as H1, and the depth of the second discharge cavity 21 is defined as H2. When the first tool 10 is pressed down to fit the second tool 20, the height of the spindle-shaped cavity formed by the first discharge cavity 11 and the second discharge cavity 21 is H1+H2, which is also the total height of the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 formed by the first upsetting. In this embodiment, 0.6H<(H1+H2)<0.8H, where H is the original height of the large aspect ratio blank 70, that is, after the first upsetting, the height of the large aspect ratio blank 70 is shortened by 20 to 40 percent. Optionally, H1+H2=0.6H, or H1+H2=0.7H or H1+H2=0.8H. In addition, the above H1 is equal to the height h1 of the vertical rod portion 111 of the asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110. Furthermore, the height settings of H1 and H2 need to be determined according to the size of the asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110 and the specifications of the original blank.

[0067] like Figure 4 and Fig.11As shown, the top surface of the third fixture 30 is provided with a third discharge cavity 31 with an opening facing upward and inclined to one side. The cross-sectional shape of the third discharge cavity 31 is circular, and the height of one side of the cavity opening edge of the third discharge cavity 31 is lower than the other side, so that a first step 32 is formed on the other side of the third discharge cavity 31. Specifically, the first step 32 is located on the top surface of the third fixture 30. The spindle-shaped transition blank 80 formed by the first upsetting is placed in the third fixture 30, so that the lower part of the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 is placed in the third discharge cavity 31, and the middle and upper parts of the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 are exposed outside the third discharge cavity 31. The spindle-shaped transition blank 80 exposed outside the third discharge cavity 31 is a processing blank. The height of the processing blank is defined as H5. The vertical distance from the cavity bottom to the cavity opening of the third discharge cavity 31 is defined as H3. Therefore, H5=H1+H2-H3, and the spindle-shaped transition blank is defined as The maximum outer diameter of 80 is D1. It is easy to understand that D1<D, H5 is smaller than H, so the aspect ratio K1 of the above-mentioned processed blank is H5 / D1, K1 is obviously smaller than the aspect ratio K of the large aspect ratio blank 70, so after the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 is placed in the third tooling 30, the flat anvil 60 can be used to directly hit the above-mentioned processed blank, that is, the flat anvil 60 is used to directly upset the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 (defined as the second upsetting). Due to the small aspect ratio, no forging defects will occur during this upsetting.

[0068] When the flat anvil 60 beats the upset spindle-shaped transition blank 80, since the third discharge cavity 31 is inclined to one side, the metal will flow on one side of the third discharge cavity 31, and with the help of the first step 32 on the top surface of the third tooling 30, the upset metal is gathered on one side of the third discharge cavity 31, so that the metal accumulated on one side of the third discharge cavity 31 is more than the metal accumulated on the other side of the third discharge cavity 31, thereby obtaining a top eccentric transition blank 90, which has a vertical rod section 91 inserted in the third discharge cavity 31 and a non-uniform thickness eccentric portion 92 formed by upsetting outside the vertical rod section 91 (the non-uniform thickness eccentric portion 92 is formed because more metal is gathered on one side of the third discharge cavity 31).

[0069] Optionally, the inclination angle of the third discharge cavity 31 toward one side is θ, 0≤θ≤7°. During the second upsetting, the amount of metal gathered toward one side of the third discharge cavity 31 is positively correlated with the inclination angle θ. The non-uniform thickness eccentric portion 92 of the top eccentric transition blank 90 can be divided into a first part located on one side of the vertical rod section 91 (corresponding to the third discharge cavity 31) and a second part located on the other side of the vertical rod section 91. Obviously, the thickness and volume of the first part are greater than the second part. The volume of the first part is defined as V1, the volume of the second part is defined as V2, and the volume distribution ratio is S, that is, S=V2:V1. In this embodiment, when 1°≤θ≤3°, S≈2:3; when 3°<θ≤5°, S≈1:3; when 5°<θ≤7°, S≈1:4. Of course, the specific value of θ needs to be determined according to the size of the asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110.

[0070] In this embodiment, the vertical distance H3 from the bottom of the third discharge cavity 31 to the cavity mouth is the same as the height h1 of the vertical rod portion 111 of the asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110, that is, H3=h1, and the height of the first step 32 is defined as Δh1, Δh1=h2-h3, wherein h2 is the height of the long branch 112 of the T-shaped forging blank 110, h3 is the height of the short middle branch 113 of the T-shaped forging blank 110, and 5%H3≤Δh1≤45%H3.

[0071] like Figure 5 and Fig.13 As shown, a fourth discharge cavity 41 with an upward opening and an axial vertical direction is provided on the top surface of the fourth tooling 40. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth discharge cavity 41 is circular. The height of one side of the cavity opening edge of the fourth discharge cavity 41 is lower than the other side, so as to form a second step 42 on the other side of the fourth discharge cavity 41. A third step 43 higher than the second step 42 is provided on the second step 42. A first limiting platform 44 is protruded at the edge position of the third step 43 away from the second step 42. A first limiting platform 44 is provided on the top surface of the fourth tooling 40. The second limit platform 45 on the side, the first limit platform 44 and the second limit platform 45 are respectively located on the two side edges of the top surface of the fourth tooling 40, so that the above-mentioned second step 42, the third step 43 and the fourth discharge cavity 41 are all located between the above-mentioned first limit platform 44 and the second limit platform 45. In this way, a cavity is formed between the first limit platform 44, the second limit platform 45, the second step 42, the third step 43, the cavity wall of the fourth discharge cavity 41 and the top surface of the fourth tooling 40, and the shape of the cavity is adapted to the shape of the T-shaped forging blank 110.

[0072] Specifically, before the top eccentric transition blank 90 formed after the second upsetting is loaded into the fourth tooling 40, it is necessary to use a flat anvil 60 to flatten the non-equal thickness eccentric portion 92 of the top eccentric transition blank 90, so that the non-equal thickness eccentric portion 92 is forged into an equal thickness eccentric portion 102, so as to obtain a preformed transition blank 100. The preformed transition blank 100 has a vertical rod body 101 corresponding to the vertical rod segment 91 of the above-mentioned top eccentric transition blank 90 and the flattened equal thickness eccentric portion 102. In fact, the vertical rod body 101 also corresponds to the vertical rod portion 111 of the T-shaped forging blank 110. The section of the equal-thickness eccentric portion 102 located on one side of the vertical rod body 101 is defined as the long section 1021, and the section of the equal-thickness eccentric portion 102 located on the other side of the vertical rod body 101 is defined as the short section 1022. Obviously, the length of the long section 1021 is greater than the length of the short section 1022, and the volume of the long section 1021 is greater than the volume of the short section 1022.

[0073] The preformed transition blank 100 is placed in the fourth tooling 40, so that its vertical rod body 101 is placed in the fourth discharge cavity 41, and the long section 1021 is placed on the top surface of the fourth tooling 40 and on one side of the fourth discharge cavity 41, and the short section 1022 is placed on the second step 42, and then the flat anvil 60 is used to beat and upset the equal-thickness eccentric part 102 evenly at equal intervals (this upsetting is defined as the third upsetting), and the equal-thickness eccentric part 102 is flattened, so that the long section 1021 is formed into the long branch 112 of the T-shaped forging blank 110, and with the help of the second step 42, Part of the short section 1022 is formed into the short middle branch 113 of the T-shaped forging blank 110, and with the help of the third step 43, another part of the short section 1022 is formed into the short end branch 114 of the T-shaped forging blank. The first limit platform 44 and the second limit platform 45 limit the total length of the equal-thickness eccentric portion 102 of the third upsetting, that is, the total length of the long branch 112, the short middle branch 113 and the short end branch 114 of the T-shaped forging blank, and the vertical rod body 101 placed in the fourth discharge cavity 41 is formed into the vertical rod portion 111 of the T-shaped forging blank.

[0074] In this embodiment, the depth of the fourth discharge cavity 41 is defined as H4, H4 = h1, that is, the depth of the fourth discharge cavity 41 matches the height of the vertical rod portion 111 of the T-shaped forging blank, and the height of the second step 42 is defined as Δh2, Δh2 = h2-h3, wherein h2 is the height of the long branch 112 of the T-shaped forging blank 110, h3 is the height of the short middle branch 113 (113) of the T-shaped forging blank 110, and 5% H4≤Δh2≤45% H4. The height of the third step 43 is defined as Δh3, Δh3 = h3-h4, wherein h4 is the height of the short end branch 114 of the T-shaped forging blank 110. Of course, Δh2 and Δh3 need to be set according to the size of the T-shaped forging blank.

[0075] Optionally, in order to facilitate the forging defects caused by stress concentration at the turning transition position, in the present embodiment, transition arcs are arranged between the second step 42 and the third step 43, between the third step 43 and the first limit platform 44, and between the second limit platform 45 and the top surface of the fourth tooling 40. Moreover, die mouth radii 53 are arranged at the cavity openings of the above-mentioned first discharge cavity 11, the cavity openings of the second discharge cavity 21, the cavity openings of the third discharge cavity 31, and the cavity openings of the fourth discharge cavity 41.

[0076] In order to facilitate the removal of the top eccentric transition blank 90 from the third discharge cavity 31, the draft angle of the third discharge cavity 31 in this embodiment is set to 1°-5°, for example, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° or 5°.

[0077] In order to facilitate the removal of the formed T-shaped forging blank from the fourth tooling 40, the draft angle of the fourth discharge cavity 41 in this embodiment is set to 1°-5°, such as 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° or 5°. At the same time, the side wall of the first limit platform 44 close to the fourth discharge cavity 41 and the side wall of the second limit platform 45 close to the fourth discharge cavity 41 are both inclined walls 52, and the inclined wall 52 is inclined in the direction away from the fourth discharge cavity 41, and the inclined angle of the inclined wall 52 is 1°-5°, such as 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° or 5°, so that the formation of burrs by excess metal can be avoided.

[0078] Through the above structure, the tooling assembly for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank with a large aspect ratio provided by the present invention uses the first tooling 10 and the second tooling 20 to upset the large aspect ratio blank 70 to form a spindle-shaped transition blank 80 with a small aspect ratio. During upsetting, the lower and upper parts of the large aspect ratio blank 70 are respectively placed in the second discharge cavity 21 of the second tooling 20 and the first discharge cavity 11 of the first tooling 10, so that the large aspect ratio blank 70 is well positioned and wrapped in a large range, so that the large aspect ratio blank 70 will not have difficult-to-eliminate forging defects during the process of upsetting the spindle-shaped transition blank 80. The spindle-shaped transition blank 80 is positioned by the third tooling 30, and the top of the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 is slapped by the flat anvil 60, so that the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 becomes a top eccentric transition blank 90 with a vertical rod section 91 and a non-uniform thickness eccentric portion 92, thereby providing the final asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110. The preformed transition blank 100 is obtained by using the fourth tool 40 to position the preformed transition blank 100, and then the flat anvil 60 is used to hit the non-uniform thickness eccentric portion 92 of the top eccentric transition blank 90 again, so that the non-uniform thickness eccentric portion 92 is transformed into an equal thickness eccentric portion 102, and then the preformed transition blank 100 having a vertical rod body 101 (corresponding to the vertical rod segment 91) and an equal thickness eccentric portion 102 is obtained. Finally, the preformed transition blank 100 is positioned by using the fourth tool 40, and the preformed transition blank 100 is hit by the flat anvil 60 again. Since the fourth tooling 40 is provided with a second step 42 and a third step 43, when the equal-thickness eccentric portion 102 of the preformed transition blank 100 is beat and upset, different sections of the equal-thickness eccentric portion 102 will form a long branch 112, a short middle branch 113 and a short end branch 114 of the T-shaped forging blank 110, and the vertical rod body 101 of the preformed transition blank 100 will form the vertical rod portion 111 of the T-shaped forging blank 110.

[0079] Through the above-mentioned tooling set and method, the large aspect ratio billet 70 can be formed into an asymmetric T-shaped forging billet 110 by using the membrane forging method, which effectively reduces the forging defects caused by the excessively large aspect ratio of the billet, has stronger applicability, and can effectively reduce the number of forging fires for the rough forming of the asymmetric T-shaped forging billet 110, thereby reducing the production cost. The shape and size of the asymmetric T-shaped forging billet 110 finally formed are more in line with the requirements, the forming quality is better, and it is not easy to have forging defects. The consistency of the mass-produced asymmetric T-shaped forging billets 110 is higher.

[0080] Embodiment 2:

[0081] This embodiment provides a method for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110 from a billet 70 with a large aspect ratio. The method uses the tooling set for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank from a billet with a large aspect ratio provided in Embodiment 1. The method includes the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: Figure 6 , Figure 7 as well as Fig.10As shown, a large aspect ratio blank 70 is placed in the second discharge cavity 21 of the second fixture 20, and the first fixture 10 is buckled on the large aspect ratio blank 70, so that the upper part of the large aspect ratio blank 70 enters the first discharge cavity 11 of the first fixture 10, and the first fixture 10 is used to press the large aspect ratio blank 70 downward to perform the first upsetting on the large aspect ratio blank 70 to obtain a spindle-shaped transition blank 80 with a small aspect ratio;

[0083] Step 2: If Figure 7 , Figure 8 as well as Fig.11 As shown, the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 obtained in step 1 is placed in the third discharge cavity 31 of the third tooling 30, and the spindle-shaped transition blank 80 is upset downward using the flat anvil 60. The inclined third discharge cavity 31 allows the metal to flow toward the inclined side during upsetting, and the first step 32 on the third tooling 30 is used to make the metal gather at one side edge of the third discharge cavity 31 during upsetting, thereby obtaining an asymmetric upsetting top eccentric transition blank 90, wherein the top eccentric transition blank 90 has a vertical rod section 91 and a non-uniform thickness eccentric portion 92 located above the vertical rod section 91;

[0084] Step 3: If Figure 8 , Fig. 9 as well as Fig.12 As shown, the non-uniform thickness eccentric portion 92 of the top eccentric transition blank 90 obtained in step 2 is beaten with a flat anvil 60 to be beaten into a flat uniform thickness eccentric portion 102, thereby obtaining a preformed transition blank 100 with a flat top and uniform thickness, wherein the preformed transition blank 100 has a vertical rod body 101 corresponding to the vertical rod segment 91 and a uniform thickness eccentric portion 102 located above the vertical rod body 101, wherein the section of the uniform thickness eccentric portion 102 located on one side of the vertical rod body 101 is a long section 1021, and the section of the uniform thickness eccentric portion 102 located on the other side of the vertical rod body 101 is a short section 1022, and the length of the long section 1021 is greater than the length of the short section 1022;

[0085] Step 4: Figure 1 , Fig. 9 as well as Fig.13As shown, the vertical rod 101 of the preformed transition blank 100 obtained in step 3 is inserted into the fourth discharge cavity 41 of the fourth tooling 40, so that the long section 1021 of the preformed transition blank 100 is placed on one side of the fourth discharge cavity 41, and the short section 1022 of the preformed transition blank 100 is placed on the second step 42 on the fourth tooling 40, and the equal-thickness eccentric portion 102 of the preformed transition blank 100 is beaten with a flat anvil 60 to flatten the equal-thickness eccentric portion 102. Cooperating with the second step 42, the third step 43, the first limiting platform 44 and the second limiting platform 45, the long section 1021 of the flattened equal-thickness eccentric portion 102 is formed into the long branch 112 of the T-shaped forging blank 110, and the short section 1022 of the flattened equal-thickness eccentric portion 102 is formed into the short middle branch 113 and the short end branch 114 of the T-shaped forging blank 110, and the vertical rod body 101 is formed into the vertical rod portion 111 of the T-shaped forging blank 110;

[0086] Step 5: Repeat the above steps 3 and 4 to finally obtain an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank 110 with a qualified size.

[0087] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tooling set for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging billets with large aspect ratio, characterized in that: include: The first tooling (10) is provided with a first material discharging cavity (11) with an opening facing downward; The second tooling (20) is provided with a second discharge cavity (21) with an opening facing upwards, the first discharge cavity (11) and the second discharge cavity (21) are both conical cavities that gradually expand from the cavity bottom to the cavity mouth, and when the first tooling (10) is buckled onto the second tooling (20), the first discharge cavity (11) and the second discharge cavity (21) are combined to form a spindle-shaped cavity; The third tooling (30) is provided with a third discharge cavity (31) with an opening facing upward and inclined toward one side, and the height of one side of the cavity opening edge of the third discharge cavity (31) is lower than the other side, so as to form a first step (32) on the other side of the third discharge cavity (31); The fourth tooling (40) is provided with a fourth material discharge cavity (41) with an opening facing upward, one side of the cavity opening edge of the fourth material discharge cavity (41) is lower than the other side, so as to form a second step (42) on the other side of the fourth material discharge cavity (41), a third step (43) higher than the second step (42) is provided on the second step (42), a first limiting platform (44) is protruded at the edge of the third step (43) away from the second step (42), and a second limiting platform (45) is provided on the top surface of the fourth tooling (40) and is located on one side of the fourth material discharge cavity (41); The depth of the fourth discharge cavity (41) is H4, H4=h1, wherein h1 is the height of the vertical rod portion (111) of the T-shaped forging blank (110); The height of the second step (42) is Δh2, Δh2=h2-h3, wherein h2 is the height of the long branch (112) of the T-shaped forging blank (110), h3 is the height of the short middle branch (113) of the T-shaped forging blank (110), and 5%H4≤Δh2≤45%H4; The height of the third step (43) is Δh3, Δh3=h3-h4, wherein h4 is the height of the short end branch (114) of the T-shaped forging blank (110).

2. The tooling assembly for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging billet with a large aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the side wall and the bottom of the first discharge cavity (11) is α, 91°≤α≤93°; The included angle between the side wall and the bottom of the second discharge cavity (21) is β, β=α.

3. The tooling assembly for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging billet with large aspect ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that: The depth of the first discharge cavity (11) is H1, and the depth of the second discharge cavity (21) is H2; 0.6H<(H1+H2)<0.8H, wherein H is the height of the high aspect ratio blank (70).

4. The tooling assembly for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging billet with a large aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third discharge cavity (31) is inclined toward one side at an angle of θ, 0≤θ≤7°.

5. The tooling assembly for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging billet with large aspect ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertical distance between the cavity bottom and the cavity opening of the third discharge cavity (31) is H3, H3=h1, wherein h1 is the height of the vertical rod portion (111) of the T-shaped forging blank (110); The height of the first step (32) is Δh1, Δh1=h2-h3, wherein h2 is the height of the long branch (112) of the T-shaped forging blank (110), h3 is the height of the short middle branch (113) of the T-shaped forging blank (110), and 5%H3≤Δh1≤45%H3.

6. The tooling assembly for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging billet with a large aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transition arc (51) is provided between the second step (42) and the third step (43), between the third step (43) and the first limiting platform (44), and between the second limiting platform (45) and the top surface of the fourth tooling (40).

7. The tooling assembly for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging billet with large aspect ratio according to claim 6, characterized in that: The draft angle of the third discharge cavity (31) and the draft angle of the fourth discharge cavity (41) are both 1°-5°; The side wall of the first limiting platform (44) close to the fourth discharge cavity (41) and the side wall of the second limiting platform (45) close to the fourth discharge cavity (41) are both inclined walls (52), and the inclined walls (52) are inclined in a direction away from the fourth discharge cavity (41), and the inclination angle of the inclined walls (52) is 1°-5°.

8. The tooling assembly for forming asymmetric T-shaped forging billet with large aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first material discharging cavity (11), the second material discharging cavity (21), the third material discharging cavity (31) and the fourth material discharging cavity (41) are all provided with die opening fillets (53) at their cavity openings.

9. A method for forming an asymmetric T-shaped forging billet from a billet with a large aspect ratio, using a tooling assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Step 1: placing a large aspect ratio blank (70) into the second discharge cavity (21) of the second tool (20), and buckling the first tool (10) onto the large aspect ratio blank (70) so that the upper portion of the large aspect ratio blank (70) enters the first discharge cavity (11) of the first tool (10), and using equipment to make the first tool (10) press the large aspect ratio blank (70) downward to upset the large aspect ratio blank (70) to obtain a spindle-shaped transition blank (80) with a small aspect ratio; Step 2: placing the spindle-shaped transition blank (80) obtained in step 1 into the third discharge cavity (31) of the third tooling (30), and using a flat anvil (60) to perform downward upsetting on the spindle-shaped transition blank (80); the third discharge cavity (31) is tilted so that the metal during upsetting flows toward the tilted side; the first step (32) on the third tooling (30) is used so that the metal during upsetting gathers at one side edge of the third discharge cavity (31), thereby obtaining an asymmetric upsetting top eccentric transition blank (90), wherein the top eccentric transition blank (90) comprises a vertical rod section (91) and a non-uniform thickness eccentric portion (92) located above the vertical rod section (91); Step 3: Using a flat anvil (60) to tap the non-uniform thickness eccentric portion (92) of the top eccentric transition blank (90) obtained in step 2, so as to tap the non-uniform thickness eccentric portion (92) into a flat uniform thickness eccentric portion (102), thereby obtaining a preformed transition blank (100) with a flat top and uniform thickness, wherein the preformed transition blank (100) has a vertical rod body (101) corresponding to the vertical rod segment (91) and a uniform thickness eccentric portion (102) located above the vertical rod body (101), wherein the section of the uniform thickness eccentric portion (102) located on one side of the vertical rod body (101) is a long section (1021), and the section of the uniform thickness eccentric portion (102) located on the other side of the vertical rod body (101) is a short section (1022), and the length of the long section (1021) is greater than the length of the short section (1022); Step 4: inserting the vertical rod (101) of the preformed transition blank (100) obtained in step 3 into the fourth discharge cavity (41) of the fourth tooling (40), so that the long section (1021) of the preformed transition blank (100) is placed on one side of the fourth discharge cavity (41), and the short section (1022) of the preformed transition blank (100) is placed on the second step (42) on the fourth tooling (40), and using a flat anvil (60) to beat the equal-thickness eccentric portion (102) of the preformed transition blank (100) to flatten the equal-thickness eccentric portion (102). Cooperating with the second step (42), the third step (43), the first limiting platform (44) and the second limiting platform (45), the long section (1021) of the flattened equal-thickness eccentric portion (102) is formed into the long branch (112) of the T-shaped forging blank (110), the short section (1022) of the flattened equal-thickness eccentric portion (102) is formed into the short middle branch (113) and the short end branch (114) of the T-shaped forging blank (110), and the vertical rod body (101) is formed into the vertical rod portion (111) of the T-shaped forging blank (110); Step 5: Repeat the above steps 3 and 4 to finally obtain an asymmetric T-shaped forging blank (110) with qualified dimensions.

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