High-energy-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) and method for achieving high energy efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-energy-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) and a method for realizing high energy efficiency, and relates to the related fields of air conditioning and heat transfer, the high-energy-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) comprises a medium storage tank, a booster pump, a refrigerant storage tank, a throttle valve, a refrigerant vaporization heat exchanger, a vaporization heat exchanger fan, a gas refrigerant compressor, a mutual heat exchanger, an expansion generator set, a radiator fan, a radiator and the like; the system can be divided into a heat pump system and an expansion system, a refrigerant vaporization heat exchanger of the heat pump system absorbs heat in air at the cold end, heat at the hot end of the heat pump system is transferred to the expansion system through a mutual heat exchanger, and the expansion system pressurizes a high-density medium near a critical point and transfers heat at the hot end of the heat pump system to the expansion system through the mutual heat exchanger. The pressurized high-density medium is heated and expanded, the expansion machine is pushed to do work, and meanwhile the expansion system provides part of kinetic energy for the heat pump system, so that the system obtains great heat transfer with extremely low energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of air conditioning and heat transfer, and in particular provides a high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) and a method for achieving high energy efficiency. Background Art

[0002] The energy efficiency ratio of existing conventional heat pump systems is about 1:3. A large amount of electricity is consumed on such applications worldwide every year. The present invention aims to further improve the energy efficiency ratio and transfer a large amount of heat with a very small amount of energy to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) and a method for achieving high energy efficiency.

[0004] The present invention converts less than about one third of the heat at the high temperature end of the heat pump into kinetic energy and partially compensates for the energy consumption of the heat pump.

[0005] The theoretical research of this invention mainly focuses on the inexact relationship between the pressure, temperature and density of the gas between the critical, subcritical, low supercritical and high supercritical regions of the medium. It is found that the medium in the supercritical region still continues the liquid vapor density mutation line in the non-supercritical region, that is, a small temperature difference can be used to obtain a large volume change of the medium at a certain point between the critical and supercritical regions. Taking carbon dioxide as an example, the critical pressure is 7.39mp, the critical temperature is 31.3℃, and the critical density is 0.414g / cm3. The pressure, temperature and density changes in the non-critical and supercritical regions are as follows: Pressure / Temperature 20℃ 30℃ 40℃ 50℃ 6MP 0.782 0.172 0.150 0.136 8MP 0.823 0.706 0.280 0.220 10MP 0.853 0.772 0.609 0.387 When the pressure is 6MP, a sudden density change occurs between 20℃-30℃, when it is 8MP, a sudden density change occurs between 30℃-40℃, and when it is 10MP, a sudden density change occurs between 40℃-50℃. The sudden density change occurs at the liquid-vapor boundary at 6MP, while the sudden density change at 8MP and 10MP both occurs in the gas zone. According to the non-precision principle, in the subcritical to supercritical range, the expansion multiple required by the invention can be achieved by tracing the density mutation line, determining the pressurization point and pressurization size, and determining the temperature rise range.

[0006] The working process of the high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) of the present invention is as follows: The medium of the heat pump system vaporizes and absorbs heat, then is compressed and heated up - the heat pump system exchanges heat with the expansion system - the expansion system performs mechanical work and compensates the heat pump system - the remaining heat is dissipated For the convenience of explanation, the present invention adopts an electromechanical solution for the kinetic energy transfer between the two systems.

[0007] The high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) of the present invention contains a medium storage tank, a booster pump, a refrigerant storage tank, a throttle valve, a refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger, a vaporizing heat exchanger fan, a gas refrigerant compressor, a heat exchanger, an expansion generator set, a radiator fan, a radiator, etc. It can be divided into a heat pump system and an expansion system according to its function. The heat transfer between the two systems is linked by the heat exchanger. In the heat pump system, the liquid outlet of the refrigerant storage tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the throttle valve, the liquid outlet of the throttle valve is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger, the outlet of the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the gas refrigerant compressor, and the gas The outlet of the refrigerant compressor is connected to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the heat exchanger, and the outlet of the heat pump circuit of the heat exchanger is connected to the refrigerant storage tank; in the expansion system, the outlet of the medium storage tank is connected to the inlet of the booster pump, the outlet of the booster pump is connected to the inlet of the expansion system circuit of the heat exchanger, the outlet of the expansion system circuit of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion generator set, the outlet of the expander of the expansion generator set is connected to the inlet of the radiator, the outlet of the radiator is connected to the inlet of the medium storage tank, the outlet of the medium storage tank is connected to the inlet of the booster pump, and the radiator fan and the radiator can be integrated.

[0008] The method for achieving high energy efficiency of the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) of the present invention is that, except for the high-temperature radiator, the other parts of the heat pump system are the same as those of an ordinary air conditioner (heat pump), and the expansion system uses the points near the critical temperature and critical pressure of the medium as the starting points of temperature and pressure. Its working process includes: pressurizing the medium to above the supercritical pressure, absorbing the heat transferred from the heat pump system through the heat exchanger to heat the pressurized high-density medium, causing the medium to expand, and the expanded medium drives the expander to do work and compensate for the kinetic energy consumption of the equipment, and the remaining heat is discharged outward or inward.

[0009] The energy-efficient air conditioner operation method consists of two parts: The first part is the working method of the heat pump system, with the gas refrigerant compressor as the core, the inlet of the gas refrigerant compressor is connected to the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger, the outlet is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger heat pump system, the outlet of the heat exchanger heat pump system is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant storage tank, the bottom outlet of the refrigerant storage tank is connected to the throttle valve to control the flow of liquid refrigerant, the outlet of the throttle valve is connected to the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger to absorb heat and vaporize, and the vaporizing heat exchanger fan ensures continuous vaporization of the refrigerant in the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger.

[0010] The second part is the working method of the expansion system. The fluid medium is sucked out from the medium insulation storage tank through the booster pump and pressurized. The booster pump outlet is connected to the heat exchanger expansion system inlet to receive the heat transferred from the heat pump for temperature expansion. The heat exchanger expansion system outlet is connected to the expander inlet of the expansion generator set. The expansion generator set generates electricity. The electric energy is used for the booster pump of this system and the remaining electric energy is used for the heat pump system. The expander outlet of the expansion generator set is connected to the radiator inlet. The radiator has a built-in radiator fan to control the heat dissipation. The radiator outlet is connected to the medium storage tank inlet. The medium storage tank outlet is connected to the booster pump inlet.

[0011] The working method of the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) is characterized by transferring heat energy from a low temperature to a high temperature. The heat transferred or received can be air, water or other liquids or gases: The first working method is refrigeration: the refrigerant vaporization heat exchange and the refrigerant vaporization heat exchange fan are placed in the cooling area, and the other components are placed outside the cooling area.

[0012] The second working method is heating: the radiator and the radiator fan are placed in the heating area, and the other components are placed outside the heating area.

[0013] In the working method of high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump), its special working method is characterized by: The working method of the heat pump system specifically includes: The first step is to connect the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) to an external power source to provide the high-efficiency air conditioner with power required for starting; In the second step, the gas refrigerant compressor works under the drive of an external power source, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor flows through the heat exchanger and the expansion system, and then condenses into liquid refrigerant and flows into the refrigerant storage tank; In the third step, the outlet at the bottom of the refrigerant storage tank is connected to a throttle valve to control the flow of refrigerant into the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger to ensure that the temperature of each part reaches the set requirements. The refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger is connected to the gas refrigerant compressor to enter the next cycle; In the fourth step, when the expansion system generates electricity and flows into the heat pump power supply system, the heat pump system will be used first and the external power supply will be used to supplement the shortage.

[0014] The working method of the expansion system specifically includes: The first is the preparation stage: In the first step, the external power supply is connected, and the booster pump works under the drive of the external power supply; In the second step, the temperature rise of the interchanger heat exchanger is ignored during the startup phase, and the high-pressure flow directly drives the expansion generator set to generate electricity, mainly self-generated power, and the conversion efficiency loss is compensated by external power supply; The second is the normal working stage: In the first step, the booster pump works under the self-generated power drive; In the second step, the medium near the high-pressure and high-density critical point is pressurized and flows into the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the heat pump system, and the volume of the medium expands by about 2.5 times; In the third step, the expansion medium drives the expansion generator set to generate electricity to meet the self-consumption and supply power to the heat pump system; In the fourth step, the exhaust gas at the expander outlet enters the radiator to be further cooled to a high-density medium, and then flows back to the medium storage tank to prepare for the next cycle.

[0015] The medium in the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) system of the present invention is one of the core components of the system and should meet the following basic requirements: the refrigerant of the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) is a conventional refrigerant for air conditioning and heat pump systems; the expansion system medium is characterized by a critical temperature around the heat dissipation temperature and a density mutation point after pressurization that is lower than the condensation temperature of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger, such as carbon dioxide, carbonyl fluoride, trifluorochloromethane, difluoroethylene, hexafluoroethane, ethane, germane, pentafluoroethane, perfluoropropane, hydrogen chloride, phosphine, tetrafluorohydrazine, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) of the present invention; Medium storage tank 2. Booster pump 3. Refrigerant storage tank 4. Throttle valve 5. Refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger 6. Vaporizing heat exchanger fan 7. Gas refrigerant compressor 8. Interheater 9. Expansion generator set 10. Radiator fan 11. Radiator Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the energy dynamic distribution of the high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) of the present invention to achieve a high energy efficiency method; The left side is the heat pump system and the right side is the expansion system. Under normal working conditions, starting from the refrigerant tank 3 and going clockwise, the following is described: The equilibrium temperature of the refrigerant R22 in the storage tank is 60℃, and the pressure of R22 at the corresponding temperature is the equilibrium pressure. The liquid refrigerant enters the vaporizing heat exchanger after being throttled. The evaporation temperature is set to 0℃, and the vaporization pressure at the corresponding temperature is the equilibrium pressure. The evaporation heat absorption is set to 3kj / s. The refrigerant gas is sucked into the compressor for pressurization. The compression work is set to 1kj / s, and the pressure is increased to 90℃. The pressure at the corresponding temperature is the equilibrium pressure. The heat exchange of the heat exchanger is 4kj / s, and the heat exchange temperature difference is 10℃; 50℃, 8.3mp After heat exchange, the temperature of high-pressure and high-density hydrogen chloride liquid (critical temperature of hydrogen chloride is 50.5℃) rises to 80℃, the volume increase is set to 3 times, the efficiency of the expander is set to 0.9, the efficiency of the generator is set to 0.98, the power generation is about 1.5876kj / s, the tail gas at the expander outlet is about 69.5℃, and the tail gas drops to 50℃ after heat dissipation by the radiator, the heat dissipation is about 3.013kj / s, and the high-density medium returns to the medium storage tank. The power of the booster pump is set to 0.6kj / s, which is about the product of the pressure difference and the flow rate. Among them, the medium pressure, flow rate, temperature rise and boosting work, expansion energy, heat dissipation, etc. can be balanced through dynamic adjustment, and the +-sign indicates that it can change up and down within a limited range rather than a fixed value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The principles and features of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] The embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In this paragraph, the present invention is described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer according to the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are drawn mainly in the form of schematic symbols, partially enlarged and concretized, and are only used to facilitate drawing and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention. All the icons in the drawings are professional products, with classification and sequence, national standards or enterprise standards, and only need to be selected. For example, the booster pump 3 can be a plunger pump, a vane pump, a variable displacement pump, etc., and the selection can be satisfied with the pressure, flow and other indicators; the compressor can be a piston type, a variable displacement type, etc.; the heat exchanger includes a sleeve type, a fin type, a special-shaped plate type, etc.; the expander can be a steam turbine, a piston machine, a rotor machine, etc.; the generator can be direct current or alternating current; the cooling fan is mainly a fan in the air and a water pump in the water; all motors can be speed-controlled; the implementation instructions give examples that certain media may be toxic and their use is restricted, which is only for the convenience of example. The schematic diagram of the present invention is the most basic principle schematic diagram, and the radiator can be one or more, and can be placed in front, front and back, and distributed in two systems.

[0019] It should be noted that when a component is described as being "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "disposed on" another component, it may be directly disposed on the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time. The terms "high pressure", "low pressure", "high temperature", "low temperature", etc. and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustrating relative values. All numerical values ​​and calculations in this embodiment are not limiting values ​​or all values, but are only to help the understanding of the present invention.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this embodiment have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in this embodiment are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Combination Figure 1 A high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) and a method for achieving high energy efficiency are described in detail as follows: The high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) contains two parts: a heat pump system and an expansion system. The heat transfer between the two systems is linked by a heat exchanger. In the heat pump system, the liquid outlet of the refrigerant storage tank 3 is connected to the liquid inlet of the throttle valve 4, the liquid outlet of the throttle valve 4 is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger 5, the outlet of the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger 5 is connected to the inlet of the gas refrigerant compressor 7, the outlet of the gas refrigerant compressor 7 is connected to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the heat exchanger 8, and the outlet of the heat pump circuit of the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the refrigerant storage tank 3. Connection; in the expansion system, the outlet of the medium storage tank 1 is connected with the inlet of the boosting pump 2, the outlet of the boosting pump 2 is connected with the inlet of the expansion system circuit of the heat exchanger 8, the outlet of the expansion system circuit of the heat exchanger 8 is connected with the inlet of the expander of the expansion generator set 9, the outlet of the expander of the expansion generator set 9 is connected with the inlet of the radiator 11, the outlet of the radiator 11 is connected with the inlet of the medium storage tank 1, the outlet of the medium storage tank 1 is connected with the inlet of the boosting pump, and the radiator fans 6 and 10 can be integrated with the radiator.

[0022] The working method of the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) is characterized by transferring heat energy from a low temperature to a high temperature. The heat transferred or received can be air, water or other liquids or gases: The first working method is refrigeration: the refrigerant vaporization heat exchange 5 and the refrigerant vaporization heat exchange fan 6 are placed in the cooling zone, and the other components are placed outside the cooling zone.

[0023] The second working method is heating: the radiator 11 and the radiator fan 10 are placed in the heating area, and the other components are placed outside the heating area.

[0024] The working method of energy-efficient air conditioner (heat pump) includes two parts: The working method of the heat pump system specifically includes: The first step is to connect the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) to an external power source to provide the high-efficiency air conditioner with power required for starting; In the second step, the gas refrigerant compressor 7 is driven by an external power source to work, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas flows through the heat exchanger 8 and the expansion system, and then condenses into liquid refrigerant and flows into the refrigerant storage tank 3; In the third step, the lower outlet of the refrigerant storage tank 3 is connected to the throttle valve 4 to control the flow of refrigerant into the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger 5 to ensure that the temperature of each part reaches the set requirements, and the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger 5 is connected to the gas refrigerant compressor 7 to enter the next cycle; In the fourth step, when the expansion system generates electricity and flows into the heat pump power supply system, the heat pump system will be used first and the external power supply will be used to supplement the shortage.

[0025] The working method of the expansion system specifically includes: The first is the preparation stage: In the first step, the external power supply is turned on, and the booster pump 2 works under the drive of the external power supply; In the second step, since the temperature rise of the heat exchanger 8 is negligible during the startup phase, the high-pressure flow directly drives the expansion generator set 9 to generate electricity, so that self-powered electricity is mainly realized, and the conversion efficiency loss is supplemented by external power supply; The second is the normal working stage: In the first step, the booster pump 2 works under the self-generated driving; In the second step, the medium near the high-pressure and high-density critical point is pressurized and flows into the heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the heat pump system, and the volume of the medium expands by about 2.5 times; In the third step, the expansion medium drives the expansion generator set 9 to generate electricity to meet the self-use electricity and supply power to the heat pump system; In the fourth step, the outlet exhaust gas of the expander of the expansion generator set 9 enters the radiator 11 to be further cooled to a high-density medium, and flows back to the medium storage tank 1 to prepare for the next cycle.

[0026] Combine the following Figure 2 This embodiment is described in detail: The working method of the heat pump system specifically includes: The first step is to connect the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) to an external power source to provide the high-efficiency air conditioner with power required for starting; In the second step, the gas refrigerant compressor 7 is driven by an external power supply, and the initial external power supply is about 1 kj / s. The 90°C high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas flows through the heat exchanger 8 and the expansion system, and then condenses into a 60°C liquid refrigerant and flows into the refrigerant storage tank 3. The total heat exchange is 4 kj / s. In the third step, the lower outlet of the refrigerant storage tank 3 is connected to the throttle valve 4 to control the flow of refrigerant into the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger 5 to ensure that the temperature at the low temperature end reaches the requirement of 0°C. The refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger 5 is connected to the gas refrigerant compressor 7 to enter the next cycle; The fourth step is that when the expansion system generates electricity and flows into the heat pump power supply system, the maximum power supply of the expansion system is 0.9876 kj / s. The heat pump system will be used first, and the external power supply will be used to supplement the shortage. The minimum external power supply is 12.4 j / s.

[0027] The working method of the expansion system specifically includes: The first is the preparation stage: In the first step, the external power supply is turned on, and the booster pump 2 works under the drive of the external power supply; In the second step, since the temperature rise of the heat exchanger 8 is negligible during the startup phase, the high-pressure medium flow directly drives the expansion generator set 9 to generate electricity, so that self-power supply is mainly realized, and the conversion efficiency loss is supplemented by external power supply; The second is the normal working stage: In the first step, the booster pump 2 works under the self-generated drive. The booster pump pressure and flow are adjustable and set to 0.6 kj / s, which is the pressure-flow product. The suction port is always in the high-density area. The temperature in the high-density area is 50°C, and the pressure is automatically balanced with the medium characteristics. In the second step, the medium near the high-pressure and high-density critical point is pressurized and flows into the heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the heat pump system, and the volume of the medium expands by 3 times; The third step is that the expansion medium drives the expansion generator set 9 to generate 1.5876 kj / s of electricity, which meets the self-use electricity of 0.6 kj / s and supplies 0.9876 kj / s of electricity to the heat pump system; In the fourth step, the outlet exhaust gas of the expander of the expansion generator set 9 enters the radiator 11 to be further cooled to a high-density medium. The heat dissipation is 3.00124 kj / s when the temperature drops to 50°C. The high-density medium flows back to the medium storage tank 1 to prepare for the next cycle.

[0028] The fifth step is to comprehensively adjust the boost pump speed, the cooling fan heat dissipation, and the compressor speed to adjust the equipment to the best operating state.

[0029] The above embodiments disclosed by the present invention are intended to enable professionals in the field to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to professionals in the field, and the general principles defined in the present invention may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump), characterized in that It consists of a medium storage tank, a booster pump, a refrigerant storage tank, a throttle valve, a refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger, a vaporizing heat exchanger fan, a gas refrigerant compressor, an exchanger, an expansion generator set, a radiator fan, a radiator, etc.

2. A high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) according to claim 1, characterized in that It can be divided into a heat pump system and an expansion system. The refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger of the heat pump system absorbs heat from the air at the cold end, and transfers the heat from the hot end of the heat pump system to the expansion system through a heat exchanger. The expansion system pressurizes the high-density medium near the critical point, and transfers the heat from the hot end of the heat pump system to the expansion system through a heat exchanger. The pressurized high-density medium is heated and expanded to push the expander to do work. At the same time, the expansion system provides part of the kinetic energy to the heat pump system, so that the system can obtain a huge heat transfer with extremely low energy consumption.

3. A high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) according to claim 1, characterized in that The kinetic energy or electrical energy provided by the expansion system to the heat pump system is less than or equal to the kinetic energy or electrical energy required by the heat pump system.

4. A method for operating an energy-efficient air conditioner (heat pump), characterized in that Except for the high-temperature radiator, the other parts of the heat pump system are the same as ordinary air conditioners (heat pumps). The expansion system takes the points near the critical temperature and critical pressure of the medium as the starting points of temperature and pressure. Its working process includes: pressurizing the medium to above the supercritical pressure, absorbing the heat transferred from the heat pump system through the heat exchanger to heat the pressurized high-density medium, causing the medium to expand. The expanded medium pushes the expander to do work and compensates for the kinetic energy consumption of the equipment, and the remaining heat is discharged outward or inward.

5. A method for operating an energy-efficient air conditioner (heat pump) according to claim 4, characterized in that The method of operating an energy-efficient air conditioner consists of two parts: The first part is the working method of the heat pump system, with the gas refrigerant compressor as the core, the inlet of the gas refrigerant compressor is connected to the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger, the outlet is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger heat pump system, the outlet of the heat exchanger heat pump system is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant storage tank, the bottom outlet of the refrigerant storage tank is connected to the throttle valve to control the flow of liquid refrigerant, the outlet of the throttle valve is connected to the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger to absorb heat and vaporize, and the vaporizing heat exchanger fan controls the continuous vaporization of the refrigerant in the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger. The second part is the working method of the expansion system. The fluid medium is sucked out from the medium insulation storage tank through the booster pump and pressurized. The booster pump outlet is connected to the heat exchanger expansion system inlet to receive the heat transferred from the heat pump for temperature expansion. The heat exchanger expansion system outlet is connected to the expander inlet of the expansion generator set. The expansion generator set generates electricity. The electric energy is used for the booster pump of this system and the remaining electric energy is used for the heat pump system. The expander outlet of the expansion generator set is connected to the radiator inlet. The radiator has a built-in radiator fan to control the heat dissipation. The radiator outlet is connected to the medium storage tank inlet. The medium storage tank outlet is connected to the booster pump inlet.

6. A high energy efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) operating method according to claim 5, characterized in that Transfer heat energy from a low temperature to a high temperature. The heat being transferred or receiving can be air, water, or other liquids or gases: The first working method is refrigeration: the refrigerant vaporization heat exchange and the refrigerant vaporization heat exchange fan are placed in the cooling area, and the other components are placed outside the cooling area. The second working method is heating: the radiator and the radiator fan are placed in the heating area, and the other components are placed outside the heating area.

7. According to claim 5, the working method of a high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) is characterized by the following two aspects: The working method of the heat pump system specifically includes: The first step is to connect the high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) to an external power source to provide the high-efficiency air conditioner with power required for starting; In the second step, the gas refrigerant compressor works under the drive of an external power source, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor flows through the heat exchanger and the expansion system, and then condenses into liquid refrigerant and flows into the refrigerant storage tank; In the third step, the outlet at the bottom of the refrigerant storage tank is connected to a throttle valve to control the flow of refrigerant into the refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger to ensure that the temperature of each part reaches the set requirements. The refrigerant vaporizing heat exchanger is connected to the gas refrigerant compressor to enter the next cycle; In the fourth step, when the expansion system generates electricity and flows into the heat pump power supply system, the heat pump system will be used first and the external power supply will be used to supplement the shortage. The working method of the expansion system specifically includes: The first is the preparation stage: In the first step, the external power supply is connected, and the booster pump works under the drive of the external power supply; In the second step, the temperature rise of the interchanger heat exchanger is ignored during the startup phase, and the high-pressure flow directly drives the expansion generator set to generate electricity, so that self-powered power is mainly achieved, and the conversion efficiency loss is supplemented by external power supply; The second is the normal working stage: In the first step, the booster pump works under the self-generated power drive; In the second step, the medium near the high-pressure and high-density critical point is pressurized and flows into the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the heat pump system, and the volume of the medium expands by about 2.5 times; In the third step, the expansion medium drives the expansion generator set to generate electricity to meet the self-consumption and supply power to the heat pump system; In the fourth step, the exhaust gas at the expander outlet enters the radiator to be further cooled to a high-density medium, and then flows back to the medium storage tank to prepare for the next cycle.

8. In the working method of a high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) according to claim 5, the control method is to track the sudden change point of medium density and the line to determine the starting point and pressurization size of automatic control temperature and pressure and the temperature rise range to achieve the set requirements.

9. In the working method of a high-efficiency air conditioner (heat pump) according to claim 5, the refrigerant is a conventional refrigerant for air conditioning and heat pump systems, and the usable medium of the expansion system is characterized by a critical temperature around the heat dissipation temperature, and a density mutation point after pressurization is lower than the condensation temperature of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger, such as: carbon dioxide, carbonyl fluoride, trifluorochloromethane, difluoroethylene, hexafluoroethane, ethane, germane, pentafluoroethane, perfluoropropane, hydrogen chloride, phosphine, tetrafluorohydrazine, etc.

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