Box-type soilless culture method for double-petal lilium saxicola

Abstract

The invention relates to a box type soilless culture method for double-petal lilium saxicola, which comprises the following steps: S1, filling a germination box with a substrate with the thickness of at least 1.5 cm, taking out lily bulbs from a turnover box one by one, orderly arranging and placing the lily bulbs into the germination box, and thoroughly watering; s2, transferring the lilies planted in the box into a rooting refrigeration house, and accelerating germination at the temperature of 8-15 DEG C; s3, transplanting preparation; s4, transplanting the germinated seed balls into a culture medium of a culture box, wherein bud heads are vertically upward; s5, after the germinated seedballs are planted, the daytime temperature is kept at 20-25 DEG C, the night temperature is kept at 15-18 DEG C, the suitable soil temperature is kept at 12-15 DEG C, and the environment humidity is kept at 70-75%; s6, 90-140 days after field planting of the lily bulbs and when buds start to expose color, harvesting is conducted, and cut lily flowers are obtained. According to the box-type cultivation method, the cultivation area is used to the maximum extent, the utilization rate of the substrate can be effectively increased, crop rotation obstacles are effectively avoided, and 2-3 stubbles of lilies can be produced in the same year.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless cultivation of bulbous flowers, and particularly relates to a box-type soilless cultivation method for double-petal lily Samantha. Background Art

[0002] Lily is a world-famous fresh cut flower, and its sales volume is second only to modern roses. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for the quality of lilies have become higher and higher. The traditional ground planting method is restricted by factors such as cultivated land area, soil-borne diseases, and continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in uneven quality of double-petal lily Samantha, which is difficult to meet people's demand for high-quality lily fresh cut flowers. Soilless cultivation can not only solve the problems of soil continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases, but is also not restricted by natural conditions. It also has the advantages of saving water, fertilizer, and labor. In addition, box cultivation can be carried out on land that is not suitable for traditional cultivation, and can adapt to different climate and environmental conditions. Through the transformation of box cultivation, although the yield per unit area is not much different from traditional ground planting, it has expanded the agricultural production space in terms of production efficiency and product quality.

[0003] Patent document CN115553203A discloses a trough-type soilless cultivation method for cut lilies, characterized in that it includes the following steps: 1) preparation of cultivation medium, 2) preparation of facilities, 3) setting of lily bulbs, 4) management of water, fertilizer, temperature, and light after setting of lily bulbs, 5) disease prevention and control after setting of lily bulbs, and 6) harvesting. The cultivation box can be conveniently used to carry out soilless cultivation of double-petal lily Samantha. However, the document does not provide rooting and transplanting methods, and there are problems such as sensitivity to continuous cropping obstacles and lack of year-round supply technology.

[0004] The double-petal lily Samantha is one of the most popular Roselily varieties on the market. This lily variety has the advantages of light fragrance, no stamens, bright and bright colors when blooming, upright and stiff branches, and good field resistance. Samantha lily bulbs are packed in turnover boxes (specifications 60*40*23cm), which are wrapped in packaging bags (with air holes) and mixed with pure peat matrix (particle size 0-5mm) for transportation. How to carry out soilless cultivation of Samantha lilies in boxes is the research purpose of the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a box-type soilless cultivation method for double-petal lily Samantha, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as sensitivity to continuous cropping obstacles of lily, lack of year-round supply technology, and uneven quality of cut flowers in the market.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The box-type soilless cultivation method of the double-petal lily Samantha of the present invention is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, dig out bulbs and plant in boxes: dig out lily bulbs one by one from the turnover box; first fill the germination box with a substrate at least 1.5 cm thick, and arrange the bulbs in the germination box in an orderly manner, with the buds facing straight up; fill the substrate, flatten the surface of the substrate, and water thoroughly; the substrate is pure peat with a particle size of 10 to 50 mm (preferably 20 to 40 mm);

[0009] S2, cold storage rooting: after the water is slightly drained, the box-planted lilies are moved into the rooting cold storage, and germinated at a temperature of 10-15°C (preferably 10-12°C) for 10-20 days; when the lily buds emerge from the substrate and three circles of stem rooting can be detected, they are transplanted, or when the bud length is 12-15 cm, they are transplanted;

[0010] S3, preparation for transplanting: install enough cultivation boxes, and set up integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation pipes above the cultivation boxes; put the substrate pure peat into the cultivation boxes and level it to a height of 10 to 30 cm; pull the germinated bulbs out of the rooting cold storage, place them in a cool place to adapt to the surrounding environment, take out the germinated bulbs one by one from the germination box, and separate the germination substrate and the germinated bulbs;

[0011] S4, transplanting germinated bulbs: transplant the germinated bulbs into the cultivation medium of the cultivation box, with the buds pointing vertically upward, at a planting depth of 15 to 20 cm, and control the plant spacing to 13 to 17 cm and the row spacing to 15 to 17 cm; water thoroughly;

[0012] S5, Management during the lily growth period: After the germination bulbs are planted, maintain the daytime temperature at 20-25°C, the night temperature at 15-18°C, the suitable soil temperature at 12-15°C, and the environmental humidity at 70%-75%;

[0013] When the root system grows to 2-3 cm and forms a three-ring root structure, apply seedling fertilizer to ensure that the soil pH is 6.0-7.0; the fertilizer concentration (i.e. EC value) of the seedling fertilizer is controlled at 1.2-1.5 mS / cm; when the plant height generally reaches 30 cm, apply calcium fertilizer once, and the EC value of calcium fertilizer is 1.3-1.5 mS / cm; after the lily flower buds differentiate and bud, drip irrigation of high phosphorus fertilizer is started, and the EC value is stabilized at 2.0-2.2 mS / cm;

[0014] S6, harvesting: 90 to 140 days after the lily bulbs are planted, and the lily cut flowers are harvested when the flower buds begin to show color.

[0015] Preferably, before performing step S1, the lily bulbs need to be inspected, bulbs without buds need to be stored in a cold storage at -0.5 to -1.5°C, bulbs with buds need to be stored in a cold storage at 0 to 2°C, and bulbs with buds larger than 1 cm need to be arranged to root in time.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the bulbs near the edge of the germination box are placed at an angle of 70 to 80 degrees and slightly tilted toward the center of the germination box; the bulbs are arranged close to each other to avoid squeezing. The germination box can be an idle turnover box.

[0017] Preferably, during the bulb-removing process in step S1, the bulbs with mold on the surface need to be first immersed in a drug for disinfection; the drug is a 400-600 times concentration of mancozeb solution, the immersion time is 10-25 minutes, and after soaking, the bulbs are removed and the water is controlled.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the substrate used in the previous crop needs to be cleaned, mainly to wash away excess salt in the substrate, and then the substrate is disinfected with 500-1000 times dilution of sodium sulfamethoxam to prevent more nutrients and pathogens from remaining in the previous crop substrate.

[0019] Preferably, when the height of the lily plant is 15 to 30 cm, a flower net needs to be set up to support the plant to prevent lodging and ensure the quality of cut flowers. The flower net mesh is generally a 15cm*15cm plastic woven net.

[0020] Preferably, in the process of taking out the germinated bulbs in step S3, the germinated bulbs with mold on the surface need to be immersed in a drug for disinfection. The drug is a 400-600 times concentration of carbendazim solution. The immersion time is 10-25 minutes. After soaking, the bulbs are removed and the water is controlled.

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, shading treatment is performed after planting to help increase plant height. The shade net can be removed reasonably at a later stage according to the variety and plant growth. In the production process, a shade net with a shading rate of 60% to 75% is generally selected.

[0022] Preferably, when the plant height reaches 90 cm, targeted fertilization is required according to the condition of the leaves. If the leaves are thin and the color is yellowish, high-phosphorus fertilizer and trace element fertilizer should be applied on the leaves in time: if the leaves show iron deficiency spots, trace element iron should be sprayed in time; if the leaves show magnesium deficiency and yellowing, magnesium fertilizer should be sprayed to correct the nutritional imbalance; if the leaves are of moderate thickness and the color is dark green, continue to use high-phosphorus fertilizer for drip irrigation.

[0023] The seedling fertilizer is at least one of water-soluble potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and borax; the calcium fertilizer is chelated calcium fertilizer; and the high-phosphate fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] The present invention mainly utilizes the advantages of pure peat in saving water and fertilizer in lily planting, which is more accurate and effective in quality control. The advantages of box-type soilless cultivation are mainly reflected in the following points:

[0026] (1) It is convenient to save water and fertilizer, and save land resources: Pure peat is a cultivation medium processed from plant residues. It is a pure natural organic medium with good water retention and air permeability. The recycling method of pure peat can effectively control the humidity and air permeability of the matrix, which can significantly reduce the waste of water and fertilizer; moreover, pure peat can be naturally degraded and will not cause pollution to the environment.

[0027] 2) Convenient for crop rotation: Box cultivation makes the most effective use of the cultivation area, can effectively disinfect the substrate, improve substrate utilization, and effectively avoid crop rotation obstacles. At present, the box cultivation model can produce 2-3 crops of lilies per year, which is more than 1 times more than traditional ground planting. It has completely changed the situation of cumbersome and high cost of crop rotation in traditional planting, and has provided more opportunities for crop arrangement, improved greenhouse utilization and crop rotation speed, and reduced crop rotation costs.

[0028] 3) Easy to control the microenvironment of the matrix in the box: Box cultivation can accurately control the nutrients and pH value of the matrix, provide the best growth environment for the plants, prevent large-scale contact between the soil and the lily roots, reduce the risk of the roots being harmed by soil-borne diseases, and separate the planting boxes from each other, avoiding the spread of most soil-borne diseases and pests. Pests and diseases can be effectively controlled. The incidence of diseases in the box planting mode is reduced by about 20% and the incidence of pests is reduced by about 30%. Reducing the use of pesticides reduces labor intensity and production costs, and has less pollution to the environment.

[0029] 4) Facilitates subsequent mechanized operations: Box-type cultivation greatly reduces space costs and improves the intensive and standardized use of land resources. Turnover boxes can be centrally managed and collected and sent directly to the planting site with conveyor belts, which can realize automated and intelligent management, laying the foundation for the later integrated production, packaging and harvesting lines, greatly reducing manpower input. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the present embodiment is only used to illustrate the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention. Any changes or modifications to the embodiment within the scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A box-type soilless cultivation method for double-petal lily Samantha, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Before step S1, the lily bulbs need to be inspected. The bulbs without buds need to be stored in a cold storage at -0.5 to -1.5°C, the bulbs with buds need to be stored in a cold storage at 0 to 2°C, and the bulbs with buds over 1 cm need to be arranged for rooting in time. The first batch of rooting takes place in mid-to-early July, the first flower begins to appear in mid-to-late September to mid-to-early October, and the subsequent batches of rooting and planting continue from the current year to mid-to-late April of the following year.

[0034] S1, planting in bulb boxes: take out lily bulbs from the turnover box one by one; first fill the germination box (using an idle turnover box) with a substrate at least 1.5 cm thick, and place the bulbs in the germination box in an orderly manner, with the buds facing straight up; fill the substrate, gently press the side to prevent the surface of the bulbs from being exposed, flatten the surface substrate, and water thoroughly; the substrate is pure peat with a particle size of 20 to 40 mm; the bulbs near the edge of the germination box are placed at an angle of 70 to 80 degrees and slightly tilted toward the center of the germination box; when arranging the bulbs, it is better to place the bulbs close to each other to avoid squeezing. The germination box can use an idle turnover box.

[0035] During the process of removing the bulbs, the bulbs with mold on the surface need to be soaked and disinfected with a drug first; the drug is 500 times the mancozeb solution, the soaking time is 20 minutes, and after soaking, the bulbs are removed and the water is controlled.

[0036] S2, Rooting in cold storage: After the water is slightly drained, move the box-planted lilies into the rooting cold storage and germinate at a temperature of 12°C for 14 days; transplant when the lily buds emerge from the substrate and three circles of stem rooting can be detected, or transplant when the bud length is 12-15cm; if the lilies in the rooting cold storage have not yet sprouted, but the substrate is slightly dry, spray the substrate to replenish water appropriately, as it is not easy to germinate when the substrate is dry. The substrate used in the previous crop needs to be cleaned, mainly to wash off the excess salt in the substrate, and then disinfect the substrate with 800 times sodium disulfide to avoid more nutrients and pathogens remaining in the previous substrate.

[0037] S3, preparation for transplanting: Install cultivation boxes in the light-transmitting greenhouse (use idle turnover boxes, arrange them in a regular pattern to form a "temporary" cultivation seedling bed, the turnover boxes are isolated from each other, and the substrate microenvironment does not interfere with each other. If production is adjusted later, the turnover boxes can be replaced and assembled at any time). Each seedling bed in the greenhouse is placed with 162 to 196 turnover boxes, each arch is divided into 6 seedling beds, and each arch can hold 1176 to 1338 turnover boxes. A water-fertilizer integrated device is set above the cultivation box. Drip irrigation pipe; put the pure peat matrix into the cultivation box and level it to a height of 10 to 30 cm; pull the germinated bulbs out of the rooting cold storage, place them in a cool place to adapt to the surrounding environment, take out the germinated bulbs one by one from the germination box, separate the germination matrix and the germinated bulbs; in the process of taking out the germinated bulbs, the germinated bulbs with mold on the surface need to be soaked and disinfected with a 500-fold carbendazim solution for 15 minutes, and then take them out and control the water.

[0038] For germinated bulbs with a size of 14 to 16 cm, 96 bulbs can be arranged in each box when rooting, and about 12 cultivation boxes are occupied when transplanting into the greenhouse; for germinated bulbs with a size of 16 to 18 cm, 77 bulbs can be arranged in each box, and about 12.8 cultivation boxes are occupied when transplanting into the greenhouse; for germinated bulbs with a size of 18 to 20 cm, 66 bulbs can be arranged in each box, and about 11 cultivation boxes are occupied when transplanting into the greenhouse; one day before planting, according to the planting plan, the germinated bulbs are pulled out of the rooting cold storage and placed in a cool place to adapt to the surrounding environment. After taking out the germinated bulbs, they are graded, and the long buds are placed together, and the short buds are placed together. When placing them, pay attention to gently placing them flat in the empty turnover box (to avoid damaging the buds again during transportation), with the buds facing inward and the bulbs facing outward, and they are placed neatly layer by layer, and the height of each box does not exceed 18 cm.

[0039] S4, Transplanting of germinated bulbs: Transplant the germinated bulbs into the cultivation medium of the cultivation box, with the buds facing vertically upward and the planting depth of 15 to 20 cm. When 6 bulbs are planted in each frame, the spacing between plants and rows is 16.5 cm. When 8 bulbs are planted in each frame, the spacing between plants is 13 cm and the spacing between rows is 16 cm. Water thoroughly.

[0040] Plant lilies with the same bud length together. Planting lilies with different bud lengths will affect the uniformity of the later flowers. When planting, the buds should be close to the drip irrigation belt, not tilted, and not planted to the edge of the seedbed. After planting, arrange to water the roots in time, and keep watering until there is no dry substrate at the bottom when you dig the substrate with your hands. This proves that the water has been thoroughly watered. Generally, water twice, once after planting, and again the next morning.

[0041] S5. Management during the growth period of lilies: After the germination bulbs of Samantha are planted, they gradually turn green and unfold their leaves. For seedlings with only callus tissue and sparse root system, evenly apply root-promoting solution to promote root development. At this stage, mainly replenish water, water regularly, maintain the humidity of the substrate, but not too much (low evaporation, the bulbs are prone to rot if the substrate is too wet); maintain the daytime temperature at 20-25℃, the night temperature at 15-18℃, the suitable soil temperature at 12-15℃, and the environmental humidity at 70%-75%; shading treatment is necessary to increase the height of the plants. In the later stage, the shade net can be reasonably removed according to the variety and plant growth. Generally, a three-needle shade net with a shading rate of about 70% is selected, and the net height is 2m.

[0042] When the roots grow to 2-3cm and form a three-circle root structure, the leaves are fully expanded and it is appropriate to apply seedling fertilizer to ensure that the soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.0. When applied for the first time, the fertilizer concentration (EC value) of the seedling fertilizer is controlled at 1.2mS / cm; when applied for the second time, the EC value can be increased to 1.5mS / cm to ensure the appropriate supply of nutrients; when the plant height generally reaches 30cm, calcium fertilizer is applied once. At this time, the EC value should be maintained at 1.3mS / cm to meet the plant's demand for calcium and promote its healthy growth.

[0043] When the lily plant height is 15 to 30 cm, a flower net needs to be set up to support the plant to prevent it from falling over and to ensure the quality of cut flowers. The mesh of the flower net is generally 15cm*15cm plastic woven net.

[0044] During the period of flower bud differentiation and budding of Samantha lily, drip irrigation of high phosphorus fertilizer should be started to ensure that the EC value of the fertilizer is stable at 2.0mS / cm to maintain a suitable soil nutrient environment.

[0045] When the plant height reaches 90cm, targeted fertilization is required according to the condition of the leaves. If the leaves are thin and the color is yellowish, use artificial methods to apply high-phosphorus fertilizer and spray trace element fertilizer on the leaves in time: if the leaves show iron deficiency spots, trace element iron should be sprayed in time; if the leaves show magnesium deficiency and yellowing, magnesium fertilizer should be sprayed to correct the nutritional imbalance; if the leaves are of moderate thickness and the color is dark green, continue to use high-phosphorus fertilizer for fertilization.

[0046] Before the bud length reaches 4cm, high-phosphorus fertilizer should be used for watering. Check the root system and leaf tips at any time to avoid fertilizer damage caused by excessive salt. The general EC value is 2.0mS / cm in summer and 2.2mS / cm in winter. When the bud is 4cm long and begins to show color until the flowers are cut and harvested, high-potassium fertilizer should be used for watering. The EC value is 2.0mS / cm in summer and 2.2mS / cm in winter. Fertilizer should be dripped in small amounts and multiple times, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently.

[0047] S6, harvesting: 80 to 100 days after the lily bulbs are planted and the buds begin to show color, the lily cut flowers are obtained.

[0048] According to actual planting data statistics, compared with traditional ground planting, the rooting and germination conditions of the Samantha lily in Example 1 are shown in Table 1, and the production stage conditions are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 1 Rooting and germination of Samantha lily

[0050] Rooting rate Rooting time Rooting Bud formation Traditional ground planting 95％～99％ About two weeks Stem rooting layer 1-2 layers 92%~99% germination Current methods 99％～100％ About two weeks Stem rooting layer 3-4 layers 97%~100% germination

[0051] Table 2 Production stages of Samantha lily

[0052]

Claims

1. A box-type soilless cultivation method for double-petal lily Samantha, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, planting in bulb boxes: take out lily bulbs from the turnover box one by one; first fill the germination box with a substrate at least 1.5 cm thick, and arrange the bulbs in the germination box in an orderly manner, with the buds facing straight up; fill the substrate, flatten the surface of the substrate, and water thoroughly; the substrate is pure peat with a particle size of 10 to 50 mm; S2, cold storage for rooting: After the water is slightly drained, move the box-planted lilies into the cold storage for rooting, and germinate at a temperature of 10-15°C for 10-20 days; transplant when the lily buds emerge from the substrate and three circles of stem rooting can be detected, or when the bud length is 12-15 cm; S3, preparation for transplanting: install enough cultivation boxes, and set up integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation pipes above the cultivation boxes; put the substrate pure peat into the cultivation boxes and level it to a height of 10 to 30 cm; pull the germinated bulbs out of the rooting cold storage, place them in a cool place to adapt to the surrounding environment, take out the germinated bulbs one by one from the germination box, and separate the germination substrate and the germinated bulbs; S4, transplanting germinated bulbs: transplant the germinated bulbs into the cultivation medium of the cultivation box, with the buds pointing vertically upward, at a planting depth of 15 to 20 cm, and control the plant spacing to 13 to 17 cm and the row spacing to 15 to 17 cm; water thoroughly; S5, Management during the lily growth period: After the germination bulbs are planted, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 20-25°C and the night temperature at 15-18°C. The suitable soil temperature is 12-15°C and the environmental humidity is 70%-75%. When the root system grows to 2-3 cm and forms a three-ring root structure, apply seedling fertilizer to ensure that the soil pH is 6.0-7.0; the fertilizer concentration EC of the seedling fertilizer is controlled at 1.2-1.5 mS / cm; when the plant height generally reaches 30 cm, apply calcium fertilizer once, and the fertilizer concentration EC of the calcium fertilizer is 1.3-1.5 mS / cm; after the lily flower buds differentiate and bud, drip irrigation of high phosphorus fertilizer begins, and the fertilizer concentration EC is stabilized at 2.0-2.2 mS / cm; S6, harvesting: 90 to 140 days after the lily bulbs are planted, and the lily cut flowers are harvested when the flower buds begin to show color.

2. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before performing step S1, the lily bulbs need to be inspected. The bulbs without buds need to be stored in a cold storage at -0.5 to -1.5°C, the bulbs with buds need to be stored in a cold storage at 0 to 2°C, and the bulbs with buds larger than 1 cm need to be arranged to root in time.

3. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the bulbs near the edge of the germination box are placed at an angle of 70 to 80 degrees and slightly tilted toward the center of the germination box.

4. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of removing the bulbs in step S1, the bulbs with mold on the surface need to be immersed in a drug for disinfection first; the drug is a 400-600 times concentration of mancozeb solution, the immersion time is 10-25 minutes, and after soaking, the bulbs are removed and the water is controlled.

5. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the box-planted lilies are moved into a rooting cold storage and germinated at a temperature of 10-12°C.

6. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the substrate used in the previous crop needs to be cleaned to wash away excess salt in the substrate, and then the substrate is disinfected with a 500-1000 times solution of sodium sulfoxide.

7. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of taking out the germinated bulbs in step S3, the germinated bulbs with mold on the surface need to be soaked and disinfected with a drug, wherein the drug is a 400-600 times concentration of carbendazim solution, and the soaking time is 10-25 minutes. After soaking, the bulbs are taken out and the water is controlled.

8. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, shading treatment is performed after planting, and a shading net with a shading rate of 60% to 75% is selected.

9. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the plant height reaches 90cm, targeted fertilization is required according to the condition of the leaves. If the leaves are thin and the color is yellowish, high-phosphorus fertilizer should be applied in time and trace element fertilizer should be sprayed on the leaves: if the leaves show iron deficiency spots, trace element iron should be sprayed in time; if the leaves show magnesium deficiency and yellowing, magnesium fertilizer should be sprayed to correct the nutritional imbalance; if the leaves are of moderate thickness and the color is dark green, continue to use high-phosphorus fertilizer for drip irrigation.

10. The box-type soilless cultivation method of double-petal lily Samantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling fertilizer is at least one of water-soluble potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and borax; the calcium fertilizer is chelated calcium fertilizer; and the high-phosphate fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

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