Functional egg with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life and production method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-calcium, low-cholesterol and long-shelf-life functional egg and a production method thereof, and relates to the technical field of functional eggs and production methods thereof. The method specifically comprises the step of feeding laying hens in an egg producing period with daily ration rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid deposition calcium such as cis-octadecadienoic acid, alpha cis-octadecadienoic acid and gamma cis-octadecatrienoic acid and rich in various oligosaccharides, autotrophic compound beneficial bacterium preparations and the like to obtain the functional eggs. The composition is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids such as cis-octadecadienoic acid, alpha cis-octadecadienoic acid, gamma cis-octadecatrienoic acid and the like. The functional egg disclosed by the invention has the advantages of low cholesterol content, high calcium content and no yellow scattering phenomenon after being stored for 30 days at the temperature of 37 DEG C during the shelf life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of functional eggs and production methods thereof, in particular to a functional egg with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life and a production method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The mass of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the total fatty acids of oleic acid accounts for more than 80% of the total fatty acids, of which octadecenoic acid (a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic acid) accounts for 76% of the total fatty acids of oleic acid. Most of these fatty acids cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by food, and most of them are essential fatty acids.

[0003] Conjugated linoleic acid has the function of repairing cell membranes and regulating fat metabolism in the body. It is called the valve of cell metabolism, making body cells healthier, thereby reducing the cholesterol content of cells to the lowest level (2 / 3 of the cholesterol content of ordinary eggs, that is, 0.25 grams per egg, and two eggs do not exceed 0.6 grams), which is just no more than the 600 mg that people need to supplement.

[0004] To produce "functional eggs with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life", it is necessary to add sufficient and easily absorbable deposited calcium "Lishengbao" to the feed, so that effective calcium can be deposited on the eggshell, eggshell inner membrane, egg white and yolk outer membrane, and these membrane proteins exist in the chemical energy of protein salts, making the eggshell, eggshell inner membrane, egg white and yolk outer membrane stronger and tougher, thereby firmly fixing the yolk and egg white of the egg, slowing down the yolk from falling apart and the decomposition of egg white solids into liquid, and ultimately extending the shelf life of eggs to more than 30 days, almost twice that of ordinary commercial eggs. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to the problems raised in the above background technology, as long as eggs are fed with 110 to 115 grams of the conjugated linoleic acid oil JiaJia egg laying diet described in the present invention every day from 100 days of age (i.e. 20 days before the eggs are laid), the "functional eggs with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life" described in the present invention can be produced.

[0006] Therefore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for producing functional eggs with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life, comprising the steps of feeding eggs in the laying period with a "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" to obtain the functional eggs; the "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" is directly fed for 15 consecutive days to obtain qualified functional eggs;

[0008] The ordinary diet of the "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" during the egg-laying period is composed of the following raw materials in the following proportions:

[0009] Corn 50-65.0 parts by weight;

[0010] 18-24.0 parts by weight of soybean meal;

[0011] Wheat bran 0-5.0 parts by weight;

[0012] 3-5.0 parts by weight of oil;

[0013] Calcium carbonate 6.0-7.0 parts by mass;

[0014] Calcium hydrogen phosphate 13-18.0 parts by mass;

[0015] 2.0-3.0 parts by weight of Lishengbao;

[0016] 0.3-0.4 parts by weight of salt;

[0017] 50% choline chloride 1.0-1.50 parts by mass;

[0018] 0.02-0.04 mass parts of compound multivitamin for eggs;

[0019] 1.0-1.2 parts by mass of organic trace elements;

[0020] Three micro-protection 0.5-1.2 parts by weight;

[0021] 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of prebiotics;

[0022] Pectinase 0.01-0.03 parts by weight;

[0023] Potassium citrate 0.10-0.20 parts by mass;

[0024] Lysine 0-0.20 parts by weight;

[0025] Methionine 0-0.20 parts by weight;

[0026] The composite multivitamin premix for eggs during laying period contains 40-50 million IU of vitamin A, 3-4 million IU of vitamin D3, 5-10 mg of vitamin E, 0.5-1.0 mg of vitamin K3, 2-4 mg of vitamin B1, 2-4 mg of vitamin B2, 0.001-0.005 mg of vitamin B12, 6-10 mg of niacin, 0.1-0.3 mg of folic acid, 4-8 mg of pantothenic acid, 0.8-0.12 mg of biotin, and 0.2-0.5 mg of choline per kilogram of eggs; 5-8 mg of copper, 30-80 mg of iron, 25-80 mg of zinc, 10-40 mg of manganese, 0.5-1.3 mg of iodine, and 0.1-0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of organic trace elements, and the rest is fermented soybean meal.

[0027] Preferably, the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any one of the following:

[0028] 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-1.0% of the diet for laying eggs;

[0029] 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.9% of the egg laying diet;

[0030] 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.8% of the diet for the egg laying period;

[0031] 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.7% of the egg laying diet;

[0032] 5) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.6% of the diet for eggs during the laying period.

[0033] Preferably, the ratio of the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) to the mass of calcium carbonate (blood calcium) in the laying period diet of Jiajia eggs containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any one of the following:

[0034] 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 1.0%-2.0% of the diet during the egg laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 8.0%-7.0% of the diet during the egg laying period;

[0035] 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 2.0%-3.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 7.0%-6.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period;

[0036] 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 3.0%-4.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 6.0%-5.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period;

[0037] In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 4.0%-5.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 5.0%-4.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period.

[0038] Preferably, the quality of the three micro-protection ingredients in the Jiajia egg laying diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any one of the egg laying diets:

[0039] 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protectors is 0.4%-0.5% of the diet during the egg laying period;

[0040] 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protectors is 0.5%-0.75% of the diet for the egg laying period;

[0041] 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protection is 0.75%-1.0% of the diet during the egg laying period;

[0042] 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil JiaJia, the mass of the three micro-protections is 1.0%-1.2% of the diet during the egg laying period.

[0043] Preferably, the mass of potassium citrate in the egg laying diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any one of the following to maintain the potassium-sodium balance of the egg laying diet:

[0044] 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of potassium citrate is 0.05%-0.1% of the diet for eggs during the laying period;

[0045] 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the potassium citrate is 0.1%-0.2% of the diet for the egg laying period;

[0046] 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the potassium citrate is 0.3%-0.4% of the diet for the egg laying period;

[0047] 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil JiaJia, the mass of the Sanweibao potassium citrate is 0.4%-0.5% of the diet for eggs during the laying period.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, one or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0049] The calcium content of the functional eggs produced by the present invention is 17-20% of that of commercial eggs on the market, reaching more than 0.65 grams; eating two eggs a day can fully meet the need of middle-aged and elderly people to supplement 1 gram per day. At the same time, the laying hens that produce the eggs of the present invention can improve the resistance of the laying hens during the laying period by fermenting feed pectinase with probiotics, and can improve the egg production rate and egg quality of the laying hens by organic trace elements. The oils and fats in products such as Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao can improve the production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens during the laying period, thereby ensuring the quality of the eggs. In addition, the cholesterol content of the functional eggs is low (1 / 3 less than that of ordinary eggs), and the functional eggs have the ability to be stored at a temperature of 37°C for 30 days without loose yolk. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0051] Figure 1 This is the composition chart of the common diet for laying hens during the egg-laying period;

[0052] Figure 2 This is the composition diagram of fatty acids in laying hens during the egg-laying period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0054] The present invention provides a method for producing functional eggs, comprising the steps of feeding eggs in the laying period with a "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" to obtain the functional eggs; the "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" is composed of the composition, and the eggs are fed directly and continuously for 15 days to obtain qualified functional eggs;

[0055] The ordinary diet of the "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" during the egg-laying period is composed of the following raw materials in the following proportions:

[0056] Corn 50-65.0 parts by weight;

[0057] 18-24.0 parts by weight of soybean meal;

[0058] Wheat bran 0-5.0 parts by weight;

[0059] 3-5.0 parts by weight of oil;

[0060] Calcium carbonate 6.0-7.0 parts by mass;

[0061] Calcium hydrogen phosphate 13-18.0 parts by mass;

[0062] 2.0-3.0 parts by weight of Lishengbao;

[0063] 0.3-0.4 parts by weight of salt;

[0064] 50% choline chloride 1.0-1.50 parts by mass;

[0065] 0.02-0.04 mass parts of compound multivitamin for eggs;

[0066] 1.0-1.2 parts by mass of organic trace elements;

[0067] Three micro-protection 0.5-1.2 parts by weight;

[0068] 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of prebiotics;

[0069] Pectinase 0.01-0.03 parts by weight;

[0070] Potassium citrate 0.10-0.20 parts by mass;

[0071] Lysine 0-0.20 parts by weight;

[0072] Methionine 0-0.20 parts by weight;

[0073] The composite multivitamin premix for eggs during laying period contains 40-50 million IU of vitamin A, 3-4 million IU of vitamin D3, 5-10 mg of vitamin E, 0.5-1.0 mg of vitamin K3, 2-4 mg of vitamin B1, 2-4 mg of vitamin B2, 0.001-0.005 mg of vitamin B12, 6-10 mg of niacin, 0.1-0.3 mg of folic acid, 4-8 mg of pantothenic acid, 0.8-0.12 mg of biotin, and 0.2-0.5 mg of choline per kilogram of eggs; 5-8 mg of copper, 30-80 mg of iron, 25-80 mg of zinc, 10-40 mg of manganese, 0.5-1.3 mg of iodine, and 0.1-0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of organic trace elements, and the rest is fermented soybean meal.

[0074] In the present invention, the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any one of the following:

[0075] 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-1.0% of the diet for laying eggs;

[0076] 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.9% of the egg laying diet;

[0077] 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.8% of the diet for the egg laying period;

[0078] 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.7% of the egg laying diet;

[0079] 5) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.6% of the diet for eggs during the laying period.

[0080] In the present invention, the ratio of the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) to the mass of calcium carbonate (blood calcium) in the laying period diet of Jiajia eggs containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any one of the following:

[0081] 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 1.0%-2.0% of the diet during the egg laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 8.0%-7.0% of the diet during the egg laying period;

[0082] 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 2.0%-3.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 7.0%-6.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period;

[0083] 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 3.0%-4.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 6.0%-5.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period;

[0084] In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 4.0%-5.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 5.0%-4.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period.

[0085] The quality of the three micro-protected eggs in the laying period diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any of the egg laying period diets:

[0086] 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protectors is 0.4%-0.5% of the diet during the egg laying period;

[0087] 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protectors is 0.5%-0.75% of the diet for the egg laying period;

[0088] 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protection is 0.75%-1.0% of the diet during the egg laying period;

[0089] 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil JiaJia, the mass of the three micro-protections is 1.0%-1.2% of the diet during the egg laying period.

[0090] In the present invention, the potassium citrate mass in the egg laying diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any of the following, which can maintain the potassium-sodium balance of the egg laying diet:

[0091] 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of potassium citrate is 0.05%-0.1% of the diet for eggs during the laying period;

[0092] 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the potassium citrate is 0.1%-0.2% of the diet for the egg laying period;

[0093] 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the potassium citrate is 0.3%-0.4% of the diet for the egg laying period;

[0094] 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil JiaJia, the mass of the Sanweibao potassium citrate is 0.4%-0.5% of the diet for eggs during the laying period.

[0095] Specific experiments and results

[0096] Embodiment 1

[0097] Effects of probiotic fermented feed pectinase on laying hens' quality

[0098] When laying hens enter the egg-laying period, their metabolism is at its most vigorous state, and their resistance is relatively weak, making them vulnerable to a variety of stress factors. For commercial laying hens, if they are not properly managed during the peak egg-laying period, the duration of the peak egg-laying period will be shortened, and their physiological functions and metabolism will gradually degenerate, and their absorption of nutrients in the feed will be significantly weakened, which can easily lead to excessive fat deposition in their liver tissues and increased fat deposition. When the fat accumulates to a certain extent, fatty liver syndrome is likely to occur, resulting in a significant decline in production performance and egg quality, causing serious economic losses to laying hen production.

[0099] In order to solve the problem of healthy breeding of laying hens, in line with the trend of antibiotics being gradually banned as drug additives in laying hens feed, green and safe probiotic fermented feed (pectinase) has become a hot topic of research. This experiment evaluated the changes in nutritional components of feed after probiotic (pectinase) fermentation, aiming to study the effects of adding different doses of probiotic fermented feed (pectinase) on the growth performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens and find the most suitable addition concentration.

[0100] The experiment used corn, soybean meal and bran as the base material, and prepared fermented feed (pectinase) with compound probiotics. 360 healthy 23-week-old Jingfen No. 6 laying hens were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 15 chickens in each replicate.

[0101] The control group was fed with a basal diet, and the experimental group was fed with a basal diet supplemented with 4%, 6%, and 8% probiotic fermented feed. The pre-trial period was two weeks, and the full trial period was 25 weeks. The nutritional components of probiotic fermented feed, production performance of laying hens, egg quality, serum physiological and biochemical indicators, and egg cholesterol content were determined, and the possible molecular mechanism of probiotic fermented feed regulating lipid metabolism in laying hens was preliminarily revealed based on liver transcriptome analysis.

[0102] The following main research results were obtained:

[0103] 1. Compared with the control group, the addition of 6% probiotic fermented feed significantly increased the egg production rate and average egg weight of laying hens (weight ratio in the range of 1-2), but did not significantly affect the average daily feed intake and feed-egg ratio (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of probiotic fermented feed did not significantly affect the eggshell strength, albumen height, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness (P>0.05), but the group with 6% probiotic fermented feed significantly improved the yolk color.

[0104] 2. Compared with the control group, the addition of probiotic fermented feed to the diet significantly reduced the TG and TC contents in egg yolk (mass percentage was in the range of 1-2). The serum TG and TC contents of laying hens in the 6% probiotic fermented feed group were reduced by 30% and 16% respectively compared with those in the control group.

[0105] 3. Through liver transcriptome sequencing, the regulatory mechanism affecting the differential expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in laying hens was sought at the molecular level. A total of 518 differentially expressed genes were screened in the basal diet group and the 6% probiotic fermented feed group. Compared with the basal diet group, 258 differentially expressed genes were upregulated and 260 differentially expressed genes were downregulated. The GO functional enrichment results of differentially expressed genes found that there were 32 significantly enriched functions (mass fractions in the range of 1-2, the same below), of which 21 were enriched in biological processes (BP), 10 were enriched in cell components (CC), and 1 was enriched in molecular functions (MF). There were 8 GO enriched functions mainly related to metabolic processes related to lipid metabolism, such as cholesterol metabolism, sterol biosynthesis and triglycerides. The genes with the highest differential expression folds were LPL and HMGCR.

[0106] The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that there were 4 significantly enriched KEGG signaling pathways, 3 of which were related to lipid metabolism in laying hen liver.

[0107] Experimental conclusion:

[0108] 1) Probiotic fermented feed can improve the nutritional value of feed raw materials, increase the content of crude protein, reduce the content of crude fiber, effectively improve the production performance of laying hens and egg quality, regulate the lipid metabolism of laying hens to a certain extent, reduce the blood lipid level of laying hens and the lipid content of eggs, and prevent fat metabolism disorders in laying hens. Comprehensive evaluation proposed that 6% of probiotic fermented feed addition is the optimal addition amount.

[0109] 2) 6% probiotic fermented feed affects liver lipid metabolism by up-regulating or down-regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, ultimately regulating the production performance of laying hens.

[0110] Embodiment 2

[0111] Effects of organic trace elements on laying hen quality

[0112] Problems such as short laying hens' utilization period, low egg quality, and serious heavy metal pollution in feces have become the constraints that restrict the development of my country's laying hen industry from quantity growth to quality and efficiency improvement. Improving egg production rate, improving egg quality, and reducing heavy metal pollution in feces are the breakthrough points for promoting efficiency and emission reduction in the laying hen industry. Based on this, this experiment used methods from animal nutrition, molecular biology, bioinformatics and other disciplines to explore the appropriate addition mode of trace elements, and on this basis, studied the regulatory mechanism of flaxseed oil on laying performance and egg quality of laying hens.

[0113] This experiment consists of three parts:

[0114] In the first part, the effects of different trace element patterns on laying hen production performance, egg quality, trace element content in liver and kidney, and trace element excretion were studied to screen suitable trace element addition patterns.

[0115] In the second part, based on the results of the first part of the study, the effects of different levels of flaxseed oil on laying hen production performance and egg quality under the 50% NRC organic trace element model were explored, and the appropriate amount of flaxseed oil added was screened.

[0116] In the third part, the mechanism of action of flaxseed oil on yolk precursors and follicle development in laying hens under the 50% NRC organic trace element model is analyzed, thereby clarifying the mechanism of influence of flaxseed oil on the production performance and egg quality of laying hens.

[0117] The aim is to increase the egg production rate of laying hens, improve egg quality, reduce the excretion of trace elements, and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for quality improvement, efficiency enhancement and efficient green development of the laying hen industry.

[0118] 1. Effects of different trace element patterns on production performance, egg quality, and trace element content in tissues and excrement of laying hens 846 healthy Roman laying hens (26 weeks old) with similar egg production rates were selected and divided into 9 treatment groups (including 1 control group + 2 sources × 4 patterns) according to the trace element sources (organic or inorganic) and patterns using a randomized experimental design, namely:

[0119] (1) Control group (basic diet without additional trace elements, CT group);

[0120] (2) Mode 1, NRC (1994) recommended level (NRC mode): inorganic source NRC mode group (IN group), organic source NRC mode group (ON group);

[0121] (3) Model 2, NY / T33-2004 recommended level (NY / T model): inorganic source NY / T model group (IY group), organic source NY / T model group (OY group);

[0122] (4) Model 3, 50% of the amount recommended by NRC (1994) (50% NRC model): inorganic source 50% NRC model group (IHN group), organic source 50% NRC model group (OHN group);

[0123] (5) Model 4, with Zn as the proportion basis, Zn was added at the level recommended by NRC (1994), and the trace element content in the blood of laying hens was referred to to design the trace element addition ratio (TLB model): inorganic source TLB model group (IB group), organic source TLB model group (OB group), 6 replicates in each group, 16 chickens in each replicate, 7 days of pre-feeding period, and 56 days of experimental period.

[0124] To study the effects of different trace element patterns and sources [zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se)] on laying performance, egg quality, and trace element contents in tissues and excrement of laying hens.

[0125] The results showed that compared with inorganic trace elements, organic trace elements significantly increased the average egg weight, yolk index, Cu, Mn and Se contents in eggs, Fe and Se contents in liver, Cu and Se contents in kidney and excrement (mass parts in the range of 1-2), and reduced the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents in egg yolk (mass parts in the range of 1-2).

[0126] 1) Compared with the TLB mode, the NY / T mode significantly improved the yolk index, eggshell strength and liver Mn content (mass parts in the range of 1-2), the 50% NRC mode significantly improved the yolk index (mass parts in the range of 1-2), and the NRC mode significantly increased the liver Mn content (mass parts in the range of 1-2); compared with the 50% NRC and NRC modes, the contents of Zn, Cu and Se in the excreta of laying hens in the NY / T mode were significantly increased (mass parts in the range of 1-2), and the contents of Fe, Cu and Se in the excreta of laying hens in the TLB mode were significantly increased (mass parts in the range of 1-2).

[0127] 2) Compared with the CT group, the yolk index of the OY group, IHN group, and OHN group (mass ratio was between 1 and 2), the eggshell strength of the OY group was significantly improved (mass ratio was between 1 and 2), the yolk color and the liver Zn and Fe contents of the OHN group were significantly improved (mass ratio was between 1 and 2), the yolk TC and TG contents were significantly reduced (mass ratio was between 1 and 2), the yolk Mn content of the OHN group and the OY group was significantly increased (mass ratio was between 1 and 2), and the Se content in the yolk and kidney of the OY group, the OHN group, and the OB group was significantly increased (mass ratio was between 1 and 2);

[0128] 3) Compared with the CT group, the Zn content in the excreta of laying hens in the trace element group was significantly increased (mass fraction was in the range of 1-2), the Cu content in the excreta of the IN group, IHN group, and OHN group was not significantly different (P>0.1), the Mn content in the excreta of the OHN group, IB group, and OB group was not significantly affected (P>0.1), and the Se content in the excreta of the IN group, ON group, IHN group, and OHN group was significantly reduced (mass fraction was in the range of 1-2). Taking the TG and TC content in protein and yolk and the trace element content in yolk, liver, kidney, and excreta as indicators, the 50% NRC organic trace element model was the most suitable addition model among the several trace element models in this experiment.

[0129] 2. Effects of flaxseed oil on laying hen production performance and egg quality under organic trace element mode Based on research content 1, 300 healthy Jingfen No. 6 laying hens (113 weeks old) with similar egg production rates were selected and divided into 5 treatment groups using a randomized experimental design:

[0130] 0.0% LO group (i.e. control group, basal diet supplemented with 1.5% oil (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao)), 1.5% LO group (basal diet supplemented with 1.5% LO), 3.0% LO group (basal diet supplemented with 3.0% LO), 4.5% LO group (basal diet supplemented with 4.5% LO), 6.0% LO group (basal diet supplemented with 6.0% LO)

[0131] Each group had 6 replicates, each replicate had 10 chickens, the pre-feeding period was 7 days, and the experimental period was 56 days.The effects of different levels of flaxseed oil on the production performance and egg quality of laying hens under the 50% NRC organic trace element model were studied.

[0132] The results show that:

[0133] 1) Under the 50% NRC organic trace element mode, flaxseed oil significantly increased the egg production rate of laying hens in the late and whole period of the experiment, the average daily feed intake in the early and whole period of the experiment, the yolk weight on the 28th day, and the contents of stearic acid (SA), linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) in the egg yolk on the 56th day (the mass parts were in the range of 1-2), and significantly reduced the feed-egg ratio, the egg shape index on the 56th day, the TG, TC contents in the egg yolk, and the linoleic acid (LA) content (the mass parts were in the range of 1-2).

[0134] 2) The egg production rate, average daily feed intake, feed-egg ratio, yolk weight on the 28th day, egg shape index on the 56th day, TG and TC contents in the yolk, as well as SA, EPA, DHA, and n-3PUFA contents in the yolk showed a significant quadratic linear relationship with the level of flaxseed oil added to the diet (mass parts in the range of 1-2). The regression equation showed that when the flaxseed oil addition level in the diet was 2.93%-4.09%, the production performance of laying hens and the egg quality were better.

[0135] 3. Mechanism of action of flaxseed oil on yolk precursors and ovarian follicle development under organic trace element mode Based on research contents 1 and 2, 120 healthy Jingfen No. 6 laying hens (113 weeks old) with similar egg production rates were selected and divided into 2 treatment groups:

[0136] CON group (control group, basal diet supplemented with 3.0% oil (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao)), LO group (basal diet supplemented with 3.0% LO), 6 replicates per group, 10 chickens per replicate, pre-feeding period of 7 days, experimental period of 56 days. To study the mechanism of flaxseed oil on yolk precursors and ovarian follicle development in laying hens under 50% NRC organic trace element model.

[0137] The results show that:

[0138] 1) Compared with the control group, the vitellogenin (VTG) content in the liver and serum of laying hens increased (in the range of 1-2 parts by mass), the relative mRNA expression levels of VTG, estrogen receptor α (ER-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) in the liver were up-regulated (in the range of 1-2 parts by mass), and the relative mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) in the liver were down-regulated (in the range of 1-2 parts by mass);

[0139] 2) In the LO group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver (P=0.066) and ovary (mass fraction in the range of 1-2) was significantly decreased, the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in serum and ovary was significantly increased (mass fraction in the range of 1-2), and the relative mRNA expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and SOD in the liver and ovary, as well as ovarian heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) were significantly upregulated (mass fraction in the range of 1-2);

[0140] 3) GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the transcriptome of follicle granulosa cell layer showed that the differential gene expression induced by LO was related to steroid synthesis pathway, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), p53 and other signaling pathways. Flaxseed oil can improve the ability of laying hens to synthesize yolk precursor substances in the liver and the antioxidant capacity of the ovary, promote follicle development, and thus improve the production performance of laying hens and improve egg quality.

[0141] In summary, under the 50% NRC organic trace elements (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Se) mode, flaxseed oil improves the synthesis and transport of yolk precursors in laying hens, enhances the antioxidant properties of the liver and ovaries, and promotes follicle development by regulating signal pathways such as apoptosis, MAPK, TGF-β, p53, and improves the production performance and egg quality of laying hens. Under the conditions of this experiment, the appropriate addition level of flaxseed oil for laying hens is 2.93% to 4.09%.

[0142] Embodiment 3

[0143] Effects of different types of oils (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao) on laying hens' quality

[0144] This experiment compared the effects of adding different types of oils to the diet on the production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens during the laying period, and preliminarily explored its mechanism of action by analyzing the apparent metabolic rate of crude fat, intestinal villi and hepatocyte morphology, plasma and liver lipid metabolism, antioxidant, immune and other related biochemical indicators.

[0145] According to the test requirements, 324 520-day-old Jingfen No. 1 commercial laying hens were selected. The preliminary test lasted 15 days. According to the requirement of basically consistent egg production rate, the experimental laying hens were divided into 3 groups, each group contained 6 replicates, and each replicate had 18 hens.

[0146] The laying hens in groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed diets containing 2% lard, palm oil and oils (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao) respectively. The formal experiment lasted for 8 weeks, and egg samples were collected on Wednesdays of the 3rd, 5th and 7th weeks, respectively. Metabolic tests were carried out in the 8th week, and samples were taken for analysis after the formal experiment.

[0147] The test results are as follows:

[0148] 1. The results of the feeding experiment showed that the average egg weight of the oil (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao) group was significantly higher than that of the lard group and palm oil group (in the range of 0.5 parts by mass), and the total egg weight at 8 weeks was the highest and the feed-to-egg ratio was the lowest (Youjiajia at 3-5.0 parts by mass, Lishengbao at 2.0-3.0 parts by mass, and Sanweibao at 0.5-1.2 parts by mass); in addition, there were no significant differences in daily feed intake and egg production rate among the groups (Youjiajia at 3-5.0 parts by mass, Lishengbao at 2.0-3.0 parts by mass, and Sanweibao at 0.5-1.2 parts by mass).

[0149] 2. The results of egg quality measurement showed that there were no significant differences in the egg quality indicators among the three groups (You Jiajia at 3-5.0 parts by mass, Lishengbao at 2.0-3.0 parts by mass, and Sanweibao at 0.5-1.2 parts by mass), but the eggshell strength and thickness of the oil (You Jiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao) groups were relatively better, and the yolk color, Haugh unit and albumen height of the lard group were relatively better.

[0150] 3. The results of metabolic tests showed that the apparent metabolic rate of crude fat was the highest in the oil (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao) group, which was 15.26% higher than the palm oil group (mass percentage in the range of 0.5), but there was no significant difference between the lard group (Youjiajia at 3-5.0 mass percentages, Lishengbao at 2.0-3.0 mass percentages, Sanweibao at 0.5-1.2 mass percentages).

[0151] 4. The results of liver tissue section observation and lipid metabolism-related index measurement showed that the fatty liver symptoms in the oil (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao) group were milder, the fat content was relatively lower, the plasma and liver lipid metabolism indexes were better, the egg yolk UFA content was higher and the SFA content was lower.

[0152] 5. The results of bone mass and related metabolic indexes showed that the plasma ALP and IGF-I contents of laying hens in the lard group were the highest, and the difference reached a significant level (mass parts in the range of 0.5). In addition, the bone density and mineral salt content were also the highest in the lard group (You Jiajia was 3-5.0 mass parts, Lishengbao was 2.0-3.0 mass parts, and Sanweibao was 0.5-1.2 mass parts).

[0153] 6. The results of antioxidant index determination showed that except for the plasma SOD content, the palm oil group was better in all antioxidant indexes of plasma and liver, but there was no significant difference (Youjiajia was 3-5.0 mass parts, Lishengbao was 2.0-3.0 mass parts, and Sanweibao was 0.5-1.2 mass parts).

[0154] 7. The results of immune index determination showed that the palm oil group had better immune indexes overall. Among them, the plasma IgG content was 43.41% higher than that of the lard group (mass proportion in the 0.5 range), and the IL-6 and TNF-α contents were 12.40% (mass proportion in the 0.5 range) and 23.43% (mass proportion in the 0.5 range) lower than that of the lard group. However, there were no significant differences in plasma immune indexes compared with the oil (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao) groups (Youjiajia was 3-5.0 mass proportions, Lishengbao was 2.0-3.0 mass proportions, and Sanweibao was 0.5-1.2 mass proportions).

[0155] The above results suggest that: under the conditions of this experiment, compared with feeding lard, palm oil and oils (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao), oils (Youjiajia, Lishengbao and Sanweibao) have the effect of increasing the average egg weight of laying hens and improving body fat metabolism and egg fatty acid deposition; lard can have a beneficial effect on the bone quality of laying hens; and palm oil has a relatively good effect on the immune function of laying hens.

[0156] The functional eggs of the present invention have the functions of high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life.

[0157] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing functional eggs with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of feeding eggs in the laying period with a "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" to obtain the functional eggs; the "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" is composed of eggs, and the eggs are fed directly and continuously for 15 days to obtain qualified functional eggs; The ordinary diet of "conjugated linoleic acid egg-laying diet" during the egg-laying period is composed of the following raw materials in the following proportions: Corn 50-65.0 parts by weight; 18-24.0 parts by weight of soybean meal; Wheat bran 0-5.0 parts by weight; 3-5.0 parts by weight of oil; Calcium carbonate 6.0-7.0 parts by mass; Calcium hydrogen phosphate 13-18.0 parts by mass; 2.0-3.0 parts by weight of Lishengbao; 0.3-0.4 parts by weight of salt; 50% choline chloride 1.0-1.50 parts by mass; 0.02-0.04 mass parts of compound multivitamin for eggs; 1.0-1.2 parts by mass of organic trace elements; Three micro-protection 0.5-1.2 parts by weight; 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of prebiotics; Pectinase 0.01-0.03 parts by weight; Potassium citrate 0.10-0.20 parts by mass; Lysine 0-0.20 parts by weight; Methionine 0-0.20 parts by weight; Each kilogram of eggs contains 40-50 million IU vitamin A, 3-4 million IU vitamin D3, 5-10 mg vitamin E, 0.5-1.0 mg vitamin K3, 2-4 mg vitamin B1, 2-4 mg vitamin B2, 0.001-0.005 mg vitamin B12, 6-10 mg Niacin, 0.1-0.3mg folic acid, 4-8mg pantothenic acid, 0.8-0.12mg biotin, 0.2-0.5mg choline; each kilogram of organic trace elements contains 5-8mg copper, 30-80mg iron, 25-80mg zinc, 10-40mg manganese, 0.5-1.3mg iodine, 0.1-0.3mg selenium, and the rest is fermented soybean meal.

2. The method for producing functional eggs with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia is any one of the following: 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-1.0% of the diet for laying eggs; 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.9% of the egg laying diet; 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.8% of the diet for the egg laying period; 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.7% of the egg laying diet; 5) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the conjugated linoleic acid is 0.5%-0.6% of the diet for eggs during the laying period.

3. The method for producing functional eggs with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) and the mass of calcium carbonate (blood calcium) in the egg-laying diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any one of the following: 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 1.0%-2.0% of the diet during the egg laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 8.0%-7.0% of the diet during the egg laying period; 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 2.0%-3.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 7.0%-6.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 3.0%-4.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 6.0%-5.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of Lishengbao (precipitated calcium) is 4.0%-5.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period; the mass of calcium carbonate is 5.0%-4.0% of the diet during the egg-laying period.

4. The method for producing functional eggs with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quality of the three micro-protected eggs in the egg-laying diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any one of the egg-laying diets: 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protectors is 0.4%-0.5% of the diet during the egg laying period; 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protectors is 0.5%-0.75% of the diet for the egg laying period; 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the three micro-protection is 0.75%-1.0% of the diet during the egg laying period; 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil JiaJia, the mass of the three micro-protections is 1.0%-1.2% of the diet during the egg laying period.

5. The method for producing functional eggs with high calcium, low cholesterol and long shelf life according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potassium citrate mass in the egg laying diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil is any of the following, which can maintain the potassium-sodium balance of the egg laying diet: 1) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of potassium citrate is 0.05%-0.1% of the diet for eggs during the laying period; 2) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the potassium citrate is 0.1%-0.2% of the diet for the egg laying period; 3) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil Jiajia, the mass of the potassium citrate is 0.3%-0.4% of the diet for the egg laying period; 4) In the diet containing conjugated linoleic acid oil JiaJia, the mass of the Sanweibao potassium citrate is 0.4%-0.5% of the diet for eggs during the laying period.

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